CN117526513A - Battery equalization circuit - Google Patents

Battery equalization circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117526513A
CN117526513A CN202311510523.6A CN202311510523A CN117526513A CN 117526513 A CN117526513 A CN 117526513A CN 202311510523 A CN202311510523 A CN 202311510523A CN 117526513 A CN117526513 A CN 117526513A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
battery
voltage
module
equalization
comparator
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CN202311510523.6A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN117526513B (en
Inventor
朱伟民
王必鹏
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Wuxi Jingyuan Microelectronics Co Ltd
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Wuxi Jingyuan Microelectronics Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202311510523.6A priority Critical patent/CN117526513B/en
Priority claimed from CN202311510523.6A external-priority patent/CN117526513B/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4278—Systems for data transfer from batteries, e.g. transfer of battery parameters to a controller, data transferred between battery controller and main controller

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, and particularly discloses a battery equalization circuit, which comprises: the device comprises a time-sharing control module (100), a battery voltage acquisition module (200), a battery balance detection module (300) and a battery balance action module (400); the battery pack is sequentially connected with the battery voltage acquisition module (200), the battery balance detection module (300) and the battery balance action module (400) in series to form a series loop; the time-sharing control module (100) is respectively connected with the battery voltage acquisition module (200), the battery balance detection module (300) and the battery balance action module (400); the time-sharing control module (100) is used for respectively distributing a first window time, a second window time, a third window time and a fourth window time for interruption to the battery voltage acquisition module (200), the battery balance detection module (300) and the battery balance action module (400).

Description

Battery equalization circuit
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a battery equalization circuit.
Background
With the continuous development of new energy technology, batteries are increasingly used as a clean energy source. However, during the daily use of a large amount, the capacity and energy difference of the unit cells in the battery pack inevitably occurs. How to improve the energy utilization and the service life of the battery pack becomes an important problem.
The traditional battery balancing method adopts a real-time balancing mode, detects the voltage difference between the highest single battery and the lowest single battery in the battery pack, starts a balancing switch when the voltage difference exceeds a certain value, and performs current reduction balancing operation on the single battery with high voltage difference. The balancing method is simple, the precision of the balancing effect is poor, and the balancing efficiency is low. The whole information of the battery pack cannot be obtained quickly, and different equalization operations cannot be adopted for different single batteries.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a battery equalization circuit which can effectively improve the equalization efficiency, the equalization precision and the service life of a battery.
The invention provides a battery equalization circuit, comprising: the device comprises a time-sharing control module (100), a battery voltage acquisition module (200), a battery balance detection module (300) and a battery balance action module (400);
the battery pack is sequentially connected with the battery voltage acquisition module (200), the battery balance detection module (300) and the battery balance action module (400) in series to form a series loop; the time-sharing control module (100) is respectively connected with the battery voltage acquisition module (200), the battery balance detection module (300) and the battery balance action module (400);
the time-sharing control module (100) is used for respectively distributing a first window time, a second window time, a third window time and a fourth window time for interruption to the battery voltage acquisition module (200), the battery balance detection module (300) and the battery balance action module (400);
in the first window time, the enabling battery voltage acquisition module (200) acquires voltage differences of all the single batteries in the battery pack;
in the second window time, the enabling battery balancing module (300) determines a voltage interval where all the single batteries are located according to the voltage difference of all the single batteries, and generates a balancing signal of each single battery according to the voltage interval and the voltage difference of the single batteries;
and in a third window time, the battery equalization action module (400) executes equalization operation according to the equalization signal.
In one possible implementation, the battery voltage acquisition module (200) includes: a sampling unit (201) and a subtractor (202);
the sampling unit is used for sampling the positive electrode voltage and the negative electrode voltage of each single battery in the battery pack (201);
the subtracter (202) is used for determining the voltage difference of each single battery according to the positive electrode voltage and the negative electrode voltage.
In one possible implementation, the battery equalization detection module (300) includes: an equalization detection enabling module (301), an addition averager (302), a level shifting module (303), an overvoltage comparator (304), an undervoltage comparator (305) and an equalization detection output module (306);
the equalization detection enabling module (301) is used for controlling the addition averager (302), the level shifting module (303), the overvoltage comparator (304), the undervoltage comparator (305) and the equalization detection output module (306) to be turned on or turned off according to the voltage of the battery voltage acquisition module (200);
the addition averager (302) is used for carrying out summation average on the voltage differences of all the single batteries to obtain an average voltage difference;
the level shift module (303) is used for superposing the average voltage difference according to a preset positive and negative offset to obtain positive superposition voltage and negative superposition voltage;
the overvoltage comparator (304) is used for comparing the voltage difference of each single battery with the positive stack voltage and outputting an overvoltage level signal;
the undervoltage comparator (305) is used for comparing the voltage difference of each single battery with the negative stack voltage and outputting an undervoltage level signal;
and the equalization detection output module (306) determines a voltage interval where all the single batteries are positioned according to the overvoltage level signal and the undervoltage level signal, and generates an equalization signal of each single battery according to the voltage interval and the voltage difference of the single batteries.
In one possible implementation, when the voltage difference of the single battery is greater than the positive stack voltage, the overvoltage level signal output by the overvoltage comparator (304) is a first level;
when the voltage difference of the single battery is smaller than or equal to the positive stack voltage, the overvoltage level signal output by the overvoltage comparator (304) is the second level.
In one possible implementation, when the voltage difference of the single battery is smaller than the negative stack voltage, the under-voltage level signal output by the under-voltage comparator (305) is the first level;
when the voltage difference of the single battery is greater than or equal to the negative stack voltage, the undervoltage level signal output by the undervoltage comparator (305) is the second level.
In one possible implementation, the battery equalization action module (400) decelerates charging when the voltage difference of the single battery is higher than the positive stack voltage;
when the voltage difference of the single batteries is lower than the negative stack voltage, the battery balancing action module (400) accelerates the charging.
In one possible implementation manner, when the voltage difference of all the unit cells in the battery pack is smaller than or larger than the preset proportion of the overcharge protection voltage, the equalization detection enabling module (301) controls the addition averager (302), the level shifting module (303), the overvoltage comparator (304), the undervoltage comparator (305) and the equalization detection output module (306) to be closed, and vice versa to be opened.
In one possible implementation, the battery equalization action module (400) includes an equalization switch 401;
the equalization switch 401 is configured to perform an equalization operation on the battery pack according to the output of the battery equalization module (300), where the equalization operation manner includes: active equalization and passive equalization.
In one possible implementation, the first window time, the second window time, the third window time, and the fourth window time sequentially form a cycle.
In one possible implementation, after the battery equalization action module (400) completes the equalization operation in the current period, the time-sharing control module (100) automatically enters the next period, and the battery voltage acquisition module (200), the battery equalization detection module (300) and the battery equalization action module (400) update output signals.
The embodiment of the invention provides a battery equalization circuit, which is used for rapidly acquiring voltage difference information of all single batteries through the cooperation of a time-sharing control module, a sampling module, an equalization detection module and an equalization action module, and carrying out different equalization operations on the single batteries with different voltage differences according to the voltage difference information, so that the equalization efficiency, the equalization precision and the service life of the battery are effectively improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of a battery equalization circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a state diagram of a time sharing module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an exemplary embodiment of a sampling unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an exemplary embodiment of a subtractor provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an exemplary embodiment of an addition averager provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is an exemplary embodiment of an equalization switch provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following detailed description of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings are provided to illustrate the principles of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, i.e. the invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments described, which is defined by the claims.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "plurality" means two or more; the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance; the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood as appropriate by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of a battery equalization circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the battery equalization circuit according to the present invention includes: the device comprises a time-sharing control module 100, a battery voltage acquisition module 200, a battery balance detection module 300 and a battery balance action module 400.
The battery pack is sequentially connected with the battery voltage acquisition module 200, the battery balance detection module 300 and the battery balance action module 400 in series to form a series loop. The time-sharing control module 100 is respectively connected with the battery voltage acquisition module 200, the battery balance detection module 300 and the battery balance action module 400.
Fig. 2 is a state diagram of a time sharing module according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the time is divided into a plurality of periods, and each period is further divided into four window times according to a time sequence.
The time-sharing control module 100 is configured to allocate a first window time, a second window time, a third window time, and a fourth window time for interruption to the battery voltage acquisition module 200, the battery equalization detection module 300, and the battery equalization action module 400, respectively.
During the first window time, the battery voltage acquisition module 200 is enabled to acquire the voltage differences of all the single batteries in the battery pack.
In the second window time, the battery equalization module 300 is enabled to determine a voltage interval where all the single batteries are located according to the voltage difference of all the single batteries, and generate an equalization signal of each single battery according to the voltage interval and the voltage difference of the single batteries.
During the third window time, the battery equalization action module 400 performs an equalization operation according to the equalization signal.
During the fourth window time, no operation is performed to reduce static consumption
Wherein the battery pack is a series battery pack.
In one possible implementation, the first window time, the second window time, the third window time, and the fourth window time sequentially form a period.
In one possible implementation, after the battery equalization action module 400 completes the equalization operation of the current cycle, the time-sharing control module 100 automatically enters the next cycle, and the battery voltage acquisition module 200, the battery equalization detection module 300, and the battery equalization action module 400 update the output signal.
After the time-sharing control module 100 is adjusted for a plurality of periods, the difference of the electric quantity among the single batteries in the battery pack is obviously reduced greatly.
In one possible implementation, the battery voltage acquisition module 200 includes: a sampling unit 201 and a subtractor 202.
The sampling unit 201 is connected to a subtractor 202.
The sampling unit is used for 201 sampling the positive electrode voltage and the negative electrode voltage of each single battery in the battery pack.
The subtractor 202 is used for determining the voltage difference of each unit cell according to the positive electrode voltage and the negative electrode voltage.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a sampling unit according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, when the collecting unit 201 starts collecting the nth unit cell B N When the voltage difference is larger than the predetermined value, the positive and negative electrode connection switch S is opened N+ And S is N- And transmit switch K N+ Transmitting positive voltage to bus node A, transmitting switch K N- Transmitting the negative voltage to the bus node B to obtain the current battery B at both nodes A and B N The voltage acquisition mode of other single batteries is similar to the positive and negative voltage information of other single batteries.
FIG. 4 shows an exemplary embodiment of a subtractor according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 4, in which node A passes through resistor R 1 Connected to the positive input end of the operational amplifier AMP1 and then passes through a resistor R 2 Connected to ground, node B passes through resistor R 3 Is connected to the negative input end of the operational amplifier AMP1 and then passes through a resistor R 4 The output connected to op AMP1, node C, is also the output of subtractor 202. Wherein R is 1 ＝R 2 ＝R 3 ＝R 4 The output VC of subtractor 202 is based on a difference equation N The following are provided:
wherein VA N Is the positive voltage of the N-th single battery, VB N Is the nth section listNegative voltage of body cell, VC N The voltage difference of the nth cell can be obtained by analogy.
In one possible implementation, the battery equalization detection module 300 includes: : an equalization detection enabling module 301, an addition averager 302, a level shifting module 303, an overvoltage comparator 304, an undervoltage comparator 305, and an equalization detection output module 306.
The output end of the battery voltage acquisition module 200 is respectively connected with the input end of the equalization detection enabling module 301, the input end of the addition averager 302, the positive input end of the overvoltage comparator 304 and the negative input end of the undervoltage comparator 305.
The equalization detection enabling module 301 is respectively connected with an enabling end of the summing averager 302, an enabling end of the level shifting module 303, an enabling end of the overvoltage comparator 304, an enabling end of the undervoltage comparator 305 and an enabling end of the equalization detection output module 306.
The output end of the adder 302 is connected with the input end of the level shift module 303, the output end of the level shift module 303 is respectively connected with the negative input end of the overvoltage comparator 304 and the positive input end of the undervoltage comparator 305, the output end of the overvoltage comparator 304 and the output end of the undervoltage comparator 305 are respectively connected with the input end of the equalization detection output module 306, and the output end of the equalization detection output module 306 is connected with the battery equalization action module 400.
The equalization detection enabling module 301 is configured to control the summing averager 302, the level shifting module 303, the overvoltage comparator 304, the undervoltage comparator 305, and the equalization detection output 306 to be turned on or off according to the voltage to the battery voltage acquisition module 200.
The summing averager 302 is configured to sum and average the voltage differences of all the unit cells to obtain an average voltage difference.
The level shift module 303 is configured to superimpose the average voltage difference according to a preset positive and negative offset, so as to obtain a positive superimposed voltage and a negative superimposed voltage.
In one example, the level shift module 303 superimposes a preset positive and negative offset Δx on the average voltage difference to obtain a positive superimposed voltage. The level shift module 303 subtracts a preset positive and negative offset Δx from the average voltage difference to obtain a negative stack voltage.
The overvoltage comparator 304 is configured to compare the voltage difference of each unit cell with the positive voltage, and output an overvoltage level signal.
The under-voltage comparator 305 is configured to compare the voltage difference of each unit cell with the negative stack voltage, and output an under-voltage level signal.
The equalization detection output module 306 determines the voltage interval in which all the single batteries are located according to the overvoltage level signal and the undervoltage level signal, and generates an equalization signal of each single battery according to the voltage interval and the voltage difference of the single battery.
FIG. 5 shows an exemplary embodiment of an adder-averager according to the present invention, wherein the voltage VC of any single cell is shown in FIG. 5 N All through resistance R CN Is connected to the negative input end of the operational amplifier AMP2 and then passes through the resistor RF 1 An output terminal connected to the operational amplifier AMP 2; the positive input end of the operational amplifier AMP2 is grounded, and the output end of the operational amplifier AMP2 passes through a resistor R 5 Is connected to the negative input end of the operational amplifier AMP3 and then passes through a resistor R 6 An output terminal connected to the operational amplifier AMP 3; the positive input end of the operational amplifier AMP3 is connected to the ground, and the output end of the operational amplifier AMP3 is also connected to the ground through a resistor R 7 And resistance R 8 Series connected to ground, resistor R 7 And resistance R 8 As the output of the summing averager 302; wherein R is F1 ＝R C1 ＝R C2 ＝……＝R CN From this, the output terminal voltage of the operational amplifier AMP2 can be obtained according to the summation formula as:
AMP2 output voltage= - (R) F1 /R C1 ×VC 1 +R F1 /R C2 ×VC 2 +......+R F1 /R CN ×VC N2 )
＝-(VC 1 +VC 2 +……+VC N )
In addition, R 6 ＝R 5 ，R 7 ：R 8 = (N-1): 1, whereby the voltage VD of node D can be obtained:
VD＝i/N×(VC 1 +VC 2 +……+VC N )
then, the level shift module 303 superimposes a fixed positive and negative offset Δx on the output voltage VD of the summing averager 302, and the positive superimposed voltage VE and the negative superimposed voltage VF of the output node of the level shift module 303 are as follows:
VE＝VD+ΔX
VE＝VD-ΔX
where Δx is a stable reference voltage with internal generation, the output of the E node may be obtained by means of an adder, the output of the F node may be obtained by means of a subtractor, and other means may be available to those skilled in the art.
In one possible implementation, when the voltage difference of any of the unit cells is greater than the positive stack voltage, the overvoltage level signal output by the overvoltage comparator 304 is at the first level.
When the voltage difference of any single battery is less than or equal to the positive voltage, the overvoltage level signal output by the overvoltage comparator 304 is the second level.
The first level is a high level, and the second level is a low level.
In one possible implementation, when the voltage difference of any cell is smaller than the negative stack voltage, the under-voltage level signal output by the under-voltage comparator 305 is at the first level.
When the voltage difference of any single battery is greater than or equal to the negative voltage, the undervoltage level signal output by the undervoltage comparator 305 is the second level.
In one possible implementation, when the voltage difference of the unit cells is higher than the positive stack voltage, the battery balancing action module 400 performs the current reduction balancing operation by decelerating and charging, that is, the unit cells with the voltage difference higher than the positive stack voltage.
When the voltage difference of the single battery is lower than the negative stack voltage, the battery balancing action module 400 accelerates the charging, i.e. the single battery with the voltage difference lower than the negative stack voltage performs the current increasing balancing operation.
The single batteries with voltage differences higher than the negative stack voltage and lower than the positive stack voltage do not need to be subjected to equalizing operation.
In one possible implementation, when the voltage differences of all the unit cells in the battery pack are smaller than or larger than the preset proportion m% of the overcharge protection voltage, the equalization detection enabling module 301 controls the summing averager 302, the level shifting module 303, the overvoltage comparator 304, the undervoltage comparator 305 and the equalization detection output 306 to be turned off, and vice versa.
In one possible implementation, battery equalization action module 400 includes equalization switch 401.
The equalization switch 401 is configured to perform an equalization operation on the battery pack according to the output of the battery equalization module 300, where the equalization operation manner includes: active equalization and passive equalization.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of an equalizing switch according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 6, each single battery is connected in parallel to an equalizer, and the equalizer has an independent discharging loop and charging loop, and can perform operations of current-reducing equalization and current-increasing equalization according to the states of the single batteries.
Assuming that the voltage difference of the BN+1 battery is far higher than the average voltage, the equalizer N+1 opens an internal discharge loop to perform current reduction and equalization operation for the BN+1 battery; assuming that the voltage difference of the BN battery is close to the average voltage, the equalizer N neither opens the internal discharge loop nor the internal charge loop, and the BN battery maintains the original charge current; assuming the voltage difference of the BN-1 battery is much lower than the average voltage, the equalizer N-1 opens the internal charging loop to perform a boost equalization operation for the BN-1 battery. The current flow is shown in fig. 6.
According to the working state of the circuit, for example, it is further described that there are five battery packs connected in series, the overcharge protection voltage is 4.3V, and the battery voltage differences are respectively: VC (vitamin C) 1 ＝2.6V，VC 2 ＝3.2V，VC 3 ＝3.5V，VC 4 ＝3.8V，VC 5 ＝4.1V。
At the first window time, after the sampling module 200 and the subtracter 201 collect the voltage differences of the five single batteries, the voltage differences of all the single batteries are obtained.
At the second window time, it is assumed that the equalization detection enabling module 301 controls the percentage of the enabling switches, m% = 95%, and the fifth unit cell VC 5 The voltage difference of (2) exceeds 95% of the overcharge protection voltage of 4.3VThe voltage difference of the remaining single batteries is not more than 95%, and then the equalization detection enabling module 301 will control the summing averager 302, the level shifting module 303, the overvoltage comparator 304, the undervoltage comparator 305 and the equalization detection output module 306 to be turned on.
The average voltage of the five cells obtained by the summing averager 302 is 3.44V, and assuming that Δx=100 mV set in the level shift module 303, after comparison by the overvoltage comparator 304 and the undervoltage comparator 305, the cells with voltage difference higher than 3.54V will be current-reduced and balanced, the cells with voltage difference lower than 3.34V will be current-increased and balanced, and the cells with voltage difference between 3.34V and 3.54V will maintain the original state.
Thus, the equalization detect output 306 will yield the following information: the first and second single batteries need to be subjected to current increasing and balancing operations, the third single battery does not need to be subjected to operation, and the fourth and fifth single batteries need to be subjected to current decreasing and balancing operations.
At the third window time, the equalization switch 401 in the equalization action module 400 controls the equalizer to open the internal charging loop for the first battery and the second battery according to the information obtained by the equalization detection output module 306, and the internal discharging loop is opened for the fourth battery and the fifth battery for the third battery.
And ending the equalization operation and entering an interrupt state at the fourth window time.
When the next cycle arrives, since the balancing operation has been performed on the series-connected battery pack in the previous cycle, the voltage differences of all the unit cells of the battery pack are changed, and the information of the battery voltage acquisition module 200, the battery balancing detection module 300, and the battery balancing action module 400 is updated.
After the time-sharing control module 100 is adjusted for a plurality of periods, the voltage difference of all the single batteries is close to the average voltage, the electric quantity difference between the single batteries is greatly reduced until the voltage difference of all the single batteries exceeds 95% of the overcharge protection voltage, all the equalization operations are finished, and finally the purpose of reducing the capacity and the energy difference of the battery pack is achieved.
In summary, the present embodiment provides a battery equalization circuit, which can quickly obtain the voltage differences of all the single batteries and perform different equalization operations on the single batteries with different voltage differences through the cooperation of the time-sharing control module 100, the sampling module 200, the equalization detection module 300 and the equalization action module 400. In the balancing operation of the invention, all the single batteries are involved, and not a single battery with high voltage difference only for current reduction and balancing can effectively improve the balancing efficiency of the battery.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art will readily recognize that variations or substitutions are within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the invention is subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (10)

1. A battery equalization circuit, comprising: the device comprises a time-sharing control module (100), a battery voltage acquisition module (200), a battery balance detection module (300) and a battery balance action module (400);
the battery pack is sequentially connected with the battery voltage acquisition module (200), the battery balance detection module (300) and the battery balance action module (400) in series to form a series loop; the time-sharing control module (100) is respectively connected with the battery voltage acquisition module (200), the battery balance detection module (300) and the battery balance action module (400);
the time-sharing control module (100) is used for respectively distributing a first window time, a second window time, a third window time and a fourth window time for interruption to the battery voltage acquisition module (200), the battery balance detection module (300) and the battery balance action module (400);
in the first window time, the enabling battery voltage acquisition module (200) acquires voltage differences of all the single batteries in the battery pack;
in the second window time, the enabling battery balancing module (300) determines a voltage interval where all the single batteries are located according to the voltage difference of all the single batteries, and generates a balancing signal of each single battery according to the voltage interval and the voltage difference of the single batteries;
and in a third window time, the battery equalization action module (400) executes equalization operation according to the equalization signal.
2. The battery equalization circuit of claim 1, wherein said battery voltage acquisition module (200) comprises: a sampling unit (201) and a subtractor (202);
the sampling unit is used for sampling the positive electrode voltage and the negative electrode voltage of each single battery in the battery pack (201);
the subtracter (202) is used for determining the voltage difference of each single battery according to the positive electrode voltage and the negative electrode voltage.
3. The battery equalization circuit of claim 1, wherein said battery equalization detection module (300) comprises: an equalization detection enabling module (301), an addition averager (302), a level shifting module (303), an overvoltage comparator (304), an undervoltage comparator (305) and an equalization detection output module (306);
the equalization detection enabling module (301) is used for controlling the addition averager (302), the level shifting module (303), the overvoltage comparator (304), the undervoltage comparator (305) and the equalization detection output module (306) to be turned on or turned off according to the voltage of the battery voltage acquisition module (200);
the addition averager (302) is used for carrying out summation average on the voltage differences of all the single batteries to obtain an average voltage difference;
the level shift module (303) is used for superposing the average voltage difference according to a preset positive and negative offset to obtain positive superposition voltage and negative superposition voltage;
the overvoltage comparator (304) is used for comparing the voltage difference of each single battery with the positive stack voltage and outputting an overvoltage level signal;
the undervoltage comparator (305) is used for comparing the voltage difference of each single battery with the negative stack voltage and outputting an undervoltage level signal;
and the equalization detection output module (306) determines a voltage interval where all the single batteries are positioned according to the overvoltage level signal and the undervoltage level signal, and generates an equalization signal of each single battery according to the voltage interval and the voltage difference of the single batteries.
4. The battery equalization circuit of claim 3, wherein the overvoltage level signal output by said overvoltage comparator (304) is a first level when the voltage difference of the unit cells is greater than the positive stack voltage; when the voltage difference of the single battery is smaller than or equal to the positive stack voltage, the overvoltage level signal output by the overvoltage comparator (304) is the second level.
5. The battery equalization circuit of claim 3, wherein the under-voltage level signal output by said under-voltage comparator (305) is a first level when the voltage difference of any cell is less than the negative-stack voltage;
when the voltage difference of any single battery is greater than or equal to the negative stack voltage, the undervoltage level signal output by the undervoltage comparator (305) is the second level.
6. The battery equalization circuit of claim 3, wherein said battery equalization action module (400) decelerates charging when the voltage difference of the unit cells is higher than the positive stack voltage;
when the voltage difference of the single batteries is lower than the negative stack voltage, the battery balancing action module (400) accelerates the charging.
7. The battery equalization circuit of claim 4, wherein said equalization detection enabling module (301) controls said summing averager (302), level shifting module (303), over-voltage comparator (304), under-voltage comparator (305) and equalization detection output module (306) to be turned off and on vice versa when the voltage differences of all cells in said battery pack are less than or all greater than a preset proportion of the overcharge protection voltage.
8. The battery equalization circuit of claim 1, wherein said battery equalization action module (400) comprises an equalization switch 401;
the equalization switch 401 is configured to perform an equalization operation on the battery pack according to the output of the battery equalization module (300), where the equalization operation manner includes: active equalization and passive equalization.
9. The battery equalization circuit of claim 1, wherein the first window time, the second window time, the third window time, and the fourth window time sequentially form a cycle.
10. The battery equalization circuit of claim 9, wherein said time-sharing control module (100) automatically enters the next cycle after said battery equalization action module (400) completes the equalization operation of the current cycle, while said battery voltage acquisition module (200), battery equalization detection module (300) and battery equalization action module (400) update the output signal.
CN202311510523.6A 2023-11-13 Battery equalization circuit Active CN117526513B (en)

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