CN102545309A - Whole-course equalization method of chargeable battery system - Google Patents
Whole-course equalization method of chargeable battery system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A whole-course equalization method of a chargeable battery system includes battery data acquisition, battery electric quantity calculation, battery using stage division, battery system working state judgment division, battery equalization parameter setting, equalization current setting and whole-course equalization operation. The method can conduct energy equalization on the chargeable battery system when a chargeable battery is in charging state, discharging state, standing state and different charge states, adopts different equalization current and different time, overall adopts smaller current and longer time to conduct equalization according to performance difference degree of each chargeable battery, avoids damage of quick large-current equalization operation to the chargeable batteries, and prolongs service life of the chargeable batteries. The whole-course equalization method radically resolves equalization problems of power chargeable battery grouping batteries, greatly improves popularization of electromobiles and hybrid electric cars and do major contribution to environment protection of our country even the whole world.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to rechargeable battery and management system thereof.
Background technology
Because electric automobile, electric bicycle etc. are because of having the absolute predominance of zero discharge, environmental protection, it will become the developing direction of automobile of future generation.No matter be above pure electric vehicle or PHEV, all reusable rechargeable type power rechargeable battery proposed very high requirement.
Can find out that from indexs such as rechargeable battery capacity, life-span, energy densities the lithium ion power rechargeable battery has become the first-selection of electric motor car power rechargeable battery of future generation, but this rechargeable battery has a development bottleneck.
Because of each monomer rechargeable battery voltage very low (in several volts), must connect when being applied in the electric motor car (requiring tens of) to hundreds of volts.Again can not be in full accord because produce the performance index of this monomer rechargeable battery; So when series connection is used; The weak slightly rechargeable battery of performance has just restricted the performance performance of this rechargeable battery pack; And the weak rechargeable battery of performance always is in limit utilization state in application, causes its performance worse and worse, finally causes whole rechargeable battery pack performance to worsen rapidly.Evidence, the life-span of lithium ion power rechargeable battery when using in groups descends significantly, has only the 1/3-1/5 in monomer rechargeable battery life-span.Life-span (charge and discharge cycles number of times) when therefore, how to improve the power rechargeable battery and use in groups just becomes the guardian technique that can power car really be promoted.
At present in the method for uniformly rechargeable battery set weighing apparatus control, take a single state to carry out equilibrium mostly, also have minority all to carry out equilibrium in charged state and discharge condition such as charged state or discharge condition.The basic skills of this equilibrium; Such as modal under charged state be that the energy content of battery that in finding chargeable cell system, has is taked an extra discharge loop discharge to it when superfluous; The most simply be exactly to take the heat dissipation mode to consume, better method is to turn back to the excess energy of emitting in the charge circuit of chargeable cell system through the switching pulse mode; When and for example discharging the discharge energy taking-up part of said chargeable cell system is transferred in the battery of indivedual energy shortcomings.
This equalization methods has following shortcoming:
(1) be used to worry the complexity of equalizing circuit, its not control of euqalizing current size is unfavorable for taking different high isostatic strength according to the shortcoming or the degree more than needed of different rechargeable batteries, and is unfavorable to the rechargeable battery performance optimization;
(2) because the shortcoming in the cognition, great majority only carry out equilibrium when charge or discharge, also have once in a while when charge and discharge, all carry out balanced.But on actual the use; Most applications is to be in static condition; Each rechargeable battery all can carry out self discharge, and self-discharge rate is all inequality because chronic (as electric motor car often most of time be parked in garage or parking space); So will cause very tangible unbalanced problem during leaving standstill, even be better than unbalanced that charged state and discharge condition cause far away.Therefore, existing only during charge or discharge balanced method can not solve the rechargeable battery equalization problem fully;
(3) owing to time for balance can only carry out under charging (once in a while in discharge) state; The balanced time is short; In order to reach the fast uniform purpose; Certainly will take big current forms that rechargeable battery is carried out equalization operation, being tantamount to like this increases charging, Electrical Discharge Machine meeting to rechargeable battery, thereby has reduced rechargeable battery useful life.
Summary of the invention
In view of above-mentioned, of the present invention providing under charged state, discharge condition, static condition and different state-of-charge thereof all can be carried out the balanced a kind of chargeable cell system mop-up equalization method of Energy Controllable to chargeable cell system.
A kind of chargeable cell system mop-up equalization method is used for the adjustable transfer equalizing circuit of chargeable cell system energy, it is characterized in that comprising following steps:
Battery data is gathered: gather the voltage of each monomer battery voltage in the battery system, cell electric current, cell temperature and correlation time and battery system, the electric current of battery system in real time through the adjustable transfer equalizing circuit of said chargeable cell system energy;
Battery electric quantity calculates: utilize said electric current to carrying out the electric weight of each cell in the integration acquisition battery system said correlation time, this electric weight is divided into real-time charged electric weight and the total electric weight of accumulative total;
The battery operational phase is divided: the size according to the mean value of the total electric weight of accumulative total of each cell in the battery system is divided the battery operational phase;
The battery system operating state is judged division: the battery system operating state is divided into charged state, discharge condition and static condition; Judge the operating state of said battery system according to the size and Orientation of said battery system current; The direction of said battery system current then is judged as charged state for charge direction and size surpass certain charging current value; The direction of said battery system current is that course of discharge and size then are judged as charged state above certain discharge current value, and all the other situation are judged as static condition;
Battery balanced parameter setting: every Battery pack balance parameters comprises euqalizing current size, equilibrium direction, time for balance, the balanced cell voltage of termination; Make up setting by the real-time state-of-charge of said battery, said battery temperature, said battery system operating state and said battery operational phase; In other words; The group number of battery balanced parameter equals above four and the combination in different numerical value, different conditions or stage, takes different battery balanced parameter group thereby reach different said battery operational phases, different said battery system operating states, different said battery temperatures, the different real-time state-of-charges of said battery;
The establishing method of euqalizing current size: to the real-time state-of-charge of said battery, more greatly then said euqalizing current is more little, vice versa for real-time charged electric weight; To said battery system operating state, in charged state and discharge condition, more greatly then said euqalizing current is bigger, vice versa for fixing perhaps battery system charging of said euqalizing current and discharging current, and takes short time for balance; Static condition is then taked less said euqalizing current, long time for balance; In the said battery system in monomer battery voltage and the said battery system difference of all cell average voltages more greatly then euqalizing current is bigger, vice versa; The high more euqalizing current of cell temperature is more little in the said battery system;
Mop-up equalization: be under said charged state, discharge condition and the static condition in the battery system operating state; Equilibrium situation to each cell in the said battery system is judged; Promptly the real-time charged electric weight of each cell in the said battery system is compared; If do not have cell obviously more than needed and obvious shortcoming, then do not start equalization operation; As if there being the obviously more than needed and obvious cell that is short of of electric weight, carry out equilibrium through the adjustable transfer equalizing circuit of chargeable cell system energy according to the battery balanced parameter that above method is set; Do not exist cell obviously more than needed and obviously shortcoming then to stop equalization operation if reached when balanced; Said equalization operation is to the energy output of said battery system self-energy cell more than needed relatively and controls its output intensity and time on demand; To said battery system self-energy relatively the cell of shortcoming makeup energy and control its additional intensity and time on demand, and balanced cell voltage reach stop balanced cell voltage, surpass the battery limiting temperature, surpass the battery limiting current, stop when surpassing the battery limiting voltage balanced;
Also gather the internal resistance of cell in the battery system in real time; Said battery balanced parameter also comprises the internal resistance of cell; The equilibrium of each cell also needs to judge according to its internal resistance size in the said battery system; The obviously big battery of internal resistance is also needed it is started the equalization operation of makeup energy, in said equalization operation to the obviously little battery of internal resistance or obviously big battery respectively as the balanced object that needs energy output or energy supplement.
A kind of chargeable cell system mop-up equalization method of the present invention has following remarkable advantage:
(1) can take different high isostatic strength according to the shortcoming or the degree more than needed of different rechargeable battery energy, very favourable to the rechargeable battery performance optimization;
(2) be implemented in charging, discharge when leaving standstill and different operational phase, different temperatures, different charged electric weight situation under to carry out omnidistance differentiation balanced; Make rechargeable battery constantly obtain equilibrium, maintenance, maintenance, thereby promote the performance of chargeable cell system significantly;
(3) owing to taked mop-up equalization; So being arranged, adequate time take little electric current to carry out trickle care to the differentiation of rechargeable battery performance; The injury that avoid fast, big current forms equalization operation is brought to rechargeable battery obviously prolongs rechargeable battery useful life.
(4) the present invention will fundamentally solve the balanced difficult problem that the power rechargeable battery uses in groups.Therefore, the present invention will greatly advance the popularization of electric motor car and PHEV, for major contribution is made in the environmental protection in the China and even the whole world.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the adjustable transfer equalizing circuit of a chargeable cell system energy used in the present invention composition diagram.
Fig. 2 is the case study on implementation flow chart of a kind of chargeable cell system mop-up equalization method of the present invention.
Embodiment
Up to the present; The development of available circuit technology; Be easy to realize the control of euqalizing current size; For example Control current is big or small arbitrarily through cheap MOSFET, accomplishes easily that also the energy transfer type is balanced, for example takes the switching pulse form that the energy of a battery is transferred to another battery through pulse transformer.
Referring to Fig. 1, be the adjustable transfer equalizing circuit of chargeable cell system energy composition diagram, this is the chargeable cell system figure that some rechargeable battery modules are composed in series.This is typical rechargeable battery equalizing circuit structure.Wherein rechargeable battery module M1 is made up of rechargeable battery BT1 (comprising its anodal MB+ and negative pole MB-), embedded processing module M11, Energy Controllable balance module M12 etc.; The mode that several rechargeable battery modules M1 connects with both positive and negative polarity has from beginning to end been formed chargeable cell system; The just very GB+ of system; Negative pole is GB-, and the voltage between system's both positive and negative polarity is system voltage, the voltage that equals each rechargeable battery module M1 in the system with.Wherein the Energy Controllable balance module of each rechargeable battery module M1 has an energy to compile/disperse passage M2; It will link together with the two poles of the earth of chargeable cell system and (has only represented to be connected to the anodal GB+ of battery system among Fig. 1; Its negative pole then omits, because only need a kind of logic connecting relation of expression here).Certainly; Also maybe the energy content of battery otherwise shift, as directly consuming, or transfer in other battery; And not necessarily will be pooled to chargeable cell system or be distributed to each battery from chargeable cell system, this does not have influence on marrow of the present invention yet.It is balanced that marrow of the present invention reaches each energy content of battery exactly.
Embedded processing module M11 comprises conventional cell voltage adapter circuit, battery current adapter circuit, internal resistance measurement adapter circuit, temperature adapter circuit, analog to digital converter, communication adapter circuit, flush bonding processor and other interlock circuit, with accomplish cell voltage, electric current, internal resistance, temperature acquisition and communicate by letter, to the operations such as control of Energy Controllable balance module M12.
Said embedded processing module M11 is through statistical analysis; Finding that each battery charge of said chargeable cell system occurs making the said Energy Controllable balance module of said embedded processing module controls carry out conventional balancing energy to reach said chargeable cell system balancing energy when unbalanced.When each module adopts flush bonding module separately, can take bus such as CAN to communicate between each flush bonding module, and take self-organizing technique with intercommunication battery parameter information and result of calculation.
Energy intensity when the present invention also requires above equalizing circuit to control equilibrium.
More than a concrete example of the adjustable transfer equalizing circuit of this chargeable cell system energy be that the inventor applies for disclosed patented technology simultaneously---a kind of battery system bus equalization circuit.
Referring to Fig. 2.This programme may further comprise the steps:
(1) battery data collection
Gather the voltage of each monomer battery voltage in the battery system, cell electric current, cell temperature and correlation time and battery system, the electric current of battery system in real time through the adjustable transfer equalizing circuit of said chargeable cell system energy.
(2) battery electric quantity calculates
Utilize said electric current to carrying out the electric weight of each cell in the integration acquisition battery system said correlation time, this electric weight is divided into real-time charged electric weight and the total electric weight of accumulative total.
Real-time charged electric weight is meant that the electric weight that charging increases deducts the electric weight that discharge reduces, and shows the real surplus electric weight that battery is current; The total electric weight of accumulative total then is an electric weight sum of always accumulating charge or discharge.
(3) the battery operational phase is divided
Size according to the mean value of the total electric weight of accumulative total of each cell in the battery system is divided the battery operational phase.
(4) the battery system operating state is divided
The battery system operating state is divided into charged state, discharge condition and static condition; Judge the operating state of said battery system according to the size and Orientation of said battery system current; The direction of said battery system current then is judged as charged state for charge direction and size surpass certain charging current value; The direction of said battery system current is that course of discharge and size then are judged as charged state above certain discharge current value, and all the other situation are judged as static condition.
More than certain charging current value with cross certain discharge current value and need charge normal with discharge magnitude and confirm based on concrete battery, as be made as respectively that battery charges normal 3% with 1% of discharge magnitude.
(5) setting of battery balanced parameter setting and euqalizing current size
Every Battery pack balance parameters comprises euqalizing current size, equilibrium direction, time for balance, the balanced cell voltage of termination; Make up setting by the real-time state-of-charge of said battery, said battery temperature, said battery system operating state and said battery operational phase; In other words; The group number of battery balanced parameter equals above four and the combination in different numerical value, different conditions or stage, takes different battery balanced parameter group thereby reach different said battery operational phases, different said battery system operating states, different said battery temperatures, the different real-time state-of-charges of said battery.
To the real-time state-of-charge of said battery, more greatly then said euqalizing current is more little, vice versa for real-time charged electric weight; To said battery system operating state, in charged state and discharge condition, more greatly then said euqalizing current is bigger, vice versa for fixing perhaps battery system charging of said euqalizing current and discharging current, and takes short time for balance; Static condition is then taked less said euqalizing current, long time for balance; In the said battery system in monomer battery voltage and the said battery system difference of all cell average voltages more greatly then euqalizing current is bigger, vice versa; The high more euqalizing current of cell temperature is more little in the said battery system.
For example prior art in when charging if always adopt 1A to charge and need 60 minutes with the equalization discharge operation; This programme then will be divided into grades such as 1A10 minute, 0.5A30 minute, 0.25A60 minute, 0.1A100 minute with electric current according to different real-time charged electric weight, different working state etc., and static condition can take little electric currents such as 0.1A, 0.05A to carry out equilibrium.And for example for the lithium ion battery of 3.7V platform voltage, each is provided with euqalizing current when interval and is respectively grades such as 1A, 0.5A, 0.25A, 0.15A, 0.1A at 0.5V, 0.25V, 0.15V, 0.1V, 0.05V in the difference of cell voltage and mean value.And for example at the later stage of the operational phase of battery, the internal resistance meeting of battery increases, and should on above basis, use relatively little electric current (as reducing 25%), long relatively time (as increasing by 25%) instead and carry out equilibrium.
(6) mop-up equalization
Be under said charged state, discharge condition and the static condition in the battery system operating state; Equilibrium situation to each cell in the said battery system is judged; Promptly the real-time charged electric weight of each cell in the said battery system is compared; If do not have cell obviously more than needed and obvious shortcoming, then do not start equalization operation; As if there being the obviously more than needed and obvious cell that is short of of electric weight, carry out equilibrium through the adjustable transfer equalizing circuit of chargeable cell system energy according to the battery balanced parameter that above method is set; Do not exist cell obviously more than needed and obviously shortcoming then to stop equalization operation if reached when balanced; Said equalization operation is to the energy output of said battery system self-energy cell more than needed relatively and controls its output intensity and time on demand; To said battery system self-energy relatively the cell of shortcoming makeup energy and control its additional intensity and time on demand, and balanced cell voltage reach stop balanced cell voltage, surpass the battery limiting temperature, surpass the battery limiting current, stop when surpassing the battery limiting voltage balanced.
In addition; Also gather the internal resistance of cell in the battery system in real time; Said battery balanced parameter also comprises the internal resistance of cell; The equilibrium of each cell also needs judge according to its internal resistance size in the said battery system, and the obviously big battery of internal resistance is also needed it is started the equalization operation of makeup energy, in said equalization operation to the obviously little battery of internal resistance or obviously big battery respectively as the balanced object that needs energy output or energy supplement.
Can find out; Above mop-up equalization processing method; According to said each rechargeable battery performance difference degree and take different euqalizing currents and different time, take less electric current and long time to carry out equilibrium on the whole; The injury that avoid fast, big current forms equalization operation is brought to rechargeable battery prolongs rechargeable battery useful life.
Be under the different state at said rechargeable battery and be under different state-of-charges, temperature, internal resistance and the different operational phase condition the said Energy Controllable balance module of control with rechargeable battery and realize optimizing balanced with varying strength, different time, take when differing greatly big electric current, difference hour to take less electric current, take little electric current and carry out equilibrium for a long time during at static condition in that said rechargeable battery is charged.
Generally speaking, the trickle care that the high isostatic strength of this comprehensive differentiation of the present invention and time for balance are controlled is that rechargeable battery is nursed, optimized, so can prolong rechargeable battery useful life greatly.
Can find out that those skilled in the art can carry out various changes and modification to the present invention and not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention.Like this, belong within the scope of claim of the present invention and equivalent technologies thereof if of the present invention these are revised with modification, then the present invention also is intended to comprise these changes and modification interior.
Although described the preferred embodiments of the present invention, in a single day those skilled in the art get the basic inventive concept could of cicada, then can make other change and modification to these embodiment.So accompanying claims is intended to be interpreted as all changes and the modification that comprises preferred embodiment and fall into the scope of the invention.
The above is merely preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is in order to restriction the present invention, not all within spirit of the present invention and principle, any modification of being made, is equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within the scope that the present invention protects.
Claims (2)
1. a chargeable cell system mop-up equalization method is used for the adjustable transfer equalizing circuit of chargeable cell system energy, it is characterized in that comprising following steps:
Battery data is gathered: gather the voltage of each monomer battery voltage in the battery system, cell electric current, cell temperature and correlation time and battery system, the electric current of battery system in real time through the adjustable transfer equalizing circuit of said chargeable cell system energy;
Battery electric quantity calculates: utilize said electric current to carrying out the electric weight of each cell in the integration acquisition battery system said correlation time, this electric weight is divided into real-time charged electric weight and the total electric weight of accumulative total;
The battery operational phase is divided: the size according to the mean value of the total electric weight of accumulative total of each cell in the battery system is divided the battery operational phase;
The battery system operating state is judged division: the battery system operating state is divided into charged state, discharge condition and static condition; Judge the operating state of said battery system according to the size and Orientation of said battery system current; The direction of said battery system current then is judged as charged state for charge direction and size surpass certain charging current value; The direction of said battery system current is that course of discharge and size then are judged as charged state above certain discharge current value, and all the other situation are judged as static condition;
Battery balanced parameter setting: every Battery pack balance parameters comprises euqalizing current size, equilibrium direction, time for balance, the balanced cell voltage of termination; Make up setting by the real-time state-of-charge of said battery, said battery temperature, said battery system operating state and said battery operational phase; In other words; The group number of battery balanced parameter equals above four and the combination in different numerical value, different conditions or stage, takes different battery balanced parameter group thereby reach different said battery operational phases, different said battery system operating states, different said battery temperatures, the different real-time state-of-charges of said battery;
The establishing method of euqalizing current size: to the real-time state-of-charge of said battery, more greatly then said euqalizing current is more little, vice versa for real-time charged electric weight; To said battery system operating state, in charged state and discharge condition, more greatly then said euqalizing current is bigger, vice versa for fixing perhaps battery system charging of said euqalizing current and discharging current, and takes short time for balance; Static condition is then taked less said euqalizing current, long time for balance; In the said battery system in monomer battery voltage and the said battery system difference of all cell average voltages more greatly then euqalizing current is bigger, vice versa; The high more euqalizing current of cell temperature is more little in the said battery system;
Mop-up equalization operation: be under said charged state, discharge condition and the static condition in the battery system operating state; Equilibrium situation to each cell in the said battery system is judged; Promptly the real-time charged electric weight of each cell in the said battery system is compared; If do not have cell obviously more than needed and obvious shortcoming, then do not start equalization operation; As if there being the obviously more than needed and obvious cell that is short of of electric weight, carry out equilibrium through the adjustable transfer equalizing circuit of chargeable cell system energy according to the battery balanced parameter that above method is set; Do not exist cell obviously more than needed and obviously shortcoming then to stop equalization operation if reached when balanced; Said equalization operation is to the energy output of said battery system self-energy cell more than needed relatively and controls its output intensity and time on demand; To said battery system self-energy relatively the cell of shortcoming makeup energy and control its additional intensity and time on demand, and balanced cell voltage reach stop balanced cell voltage, surpass the battery limiting temperature, surpass the battery limiting current, stop when surpassing the battery limiting voltage balanced.
2. a kind of chargeable cell system mop-up equalization method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the internal resistance of also gathering cell in the battery system in real time; Said battery balanced parameter also comprises the internal resistance of cell; The equilibrium of each cell also needs to judge according to its internal resistance size in the said battery system; The obviously big battery of internal resistance is also needed it is started the equalization operation of makeup energy, in said equalization operation to the obviously little battery of internal resistance or obviously big battery respectively as the balanced object that needs energy output or energy supplement.
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Application publication date: 20120704 |