CN105503171A - 一种利用废弃干电池制备高性能锰锌铁氧体的方法 - Google Patents
一种利用废弃干电池制备高性能锰锌铁氧体的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 6
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 16
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910001289 Manganese-zinc ferrite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- JIYIUPFAJUGHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Mn++].[Mn++].[Mn++].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Zn++].[Zn++] Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Mn++].[Mn++].[Mn++].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Zn++].[Zn++] JIYIUPFAJUGHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229960001866 silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(5-carboxythiophen-2-yl)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound S1C(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)S1 DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UYJXRRSPUVSSMN-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium sulfide Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[S-2] UYJXRRSPUVSSMN-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Mg+2] ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910001635 magnesium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010006895 Cachexia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011403 purification operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000016318 wasting Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- C04B35/26—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on ferrites
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种利用废弃干电池制备高性能锰锌铁氧体的方法,包括如下步骤:(1)破碎;(2)除杂净化;(3)调节溶液组分;(4)共沉淀反应;(5)混料;(6)制坯;(7)烧结成型。本发明一种利用废弃干电池制备高性能锰锌铁氧体的方法,操作简便,容易实现,其以废旧干电池为原料,通过合理的除杂净化工序,提取出锰、锌、铁原料,再通过成分调整,通过合适的烧结工艺,制备出性能优异的锰锌铁氧体材料,降低了废弃物对环境的污染,提高了原料的利用率,同时降低锰锌铁氧体材料的原料成本,具有较大的现实意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及磁性材料领域,特别是涉及一种利用废弃干电池制备高性能锰锌铁氧体的方法。
背景技术
锰锌铁氧体是一种典型的磁性材料,广泛应用于电子、通讯、变压器磁芯等领域。近年来,随着锰锌铁氧体应用范围的不断拓展,其原料成本也逐步提高。因而继续开发新的原料途径,以降低成本。
众所周知,我国是干电池的生产和消费大国。每年用于生产干电池的锌达13万吨,二氧化锰达20万吨,铜达2万吨,汞达50万吨。除此之外,还要消耗大量的优质铁皮、碳粉、氯化铵、氢氧化钾等原料。由于制造干电池的上述原料可知,若不对废弃干电池进行回收利用,一方面造成了大量的资源浪费,另一方面污染环境。而且通过观察不难发现,干电池中含有制备锰锌铁氧体的基体组分,因此经干电池回收制备锰锌铁氧体磁性材料,不仅能够降低干电池污染,节约资源,同时能降低锰锌铁氧体的制造成本。
但现有技术中,采用干电池回收制备的锰锌铁氧体由于不添加任何组分,仅通过杂质去除后直接生产锰锌铁氧体,原料配比不能达到锰锌铁氧体的配比要求,所制备的锰锌铁氧体往往性能较差,不能正常使用或是降低相应设备的工作性能。
发明内容
本发明主要解决的技术问题是提供一种利用废弃干电池制备高性能锰锌铁氧体的方法,能够解决现有技术利用废干电池制备锰锌铁氧体存在的上述不足之处。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的一个技术方案是:提供一种利用废弃干电池制备高性能锰锌铁氧体的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)破碎:先将废弃干电池拆开,去除塑料膜、两端的塑料件和碳棒,将剩余部分充分粉碎;
(2)除杂净化:向步骤(1)中得到的破碎物料中加入过量的硫酸溶液和过量的铁粉,充分搅拌,使之完全溶解,然后将不溶物和新产生的沉淀物过滤去除;在向滤液中加入硫化铵溶液,充分搅拌后,过滤去除沉淀物;调节滤液的pH值,向其中加入一定量的氟化铵溶液,充分搅拌混合,过滤除去沉淀物;
(3)调节溶液组分:向步骤(2)中除杂净化后的溶液中加入一定量的硫化亚铁溶液,搅拌混合均匀;
(4)共沉淀反应:向步骤(3)中的混合溶液中共沉淀剂,在一定条件下搅拌反应,使沉淀完全,过滤,将沉淀物洗涤干净;
(5)混料:向步骤(4)洗涤干净后的沉淀物中加入占沉淀物湿重2~5%重量份的碳酸钙、二氧化硅、二氧化钛、五氧化二钒和氧化钨的混合物,置入砂磨机内研磨混合均匀;
(6)制坯:向步骤(5)中得到的混合物中加入一定量的粘结剂,混合均匀后制备所需形状的坯料;
(7)烧结成型:将步骤(6)中得到的坯料先干燥,再置于烧结炉内,在一定的氧体体积含量下烧结成型,得到锰锌铁氧体材料。
在本发明一个较佳实施例中,所述步骤(2)中,所述硫酸的体积浓度为40~60%;硫化铵溶液的体积浓度为10~15%;所述氟化铵溶液的体积浓度为10~15%;所述pH值为4~6。
在本发明一个较佳实施例中,所述步骤(3)中,所述硫酸亚铁的体积浓度为10~20%,其加入量为所述混合溶液总体积的1/10~1/5。
在本发明一个较佳实施例中,所述步骤(4)中,所述共沉淀剂为碳酸氢铵的氨水溶液;所述反应条件为:温度60~70℃,时间为3~5h。
在本发明一个较佳实施例中,所述步骤(5)中,所述碳酸钙、二氧化硅、二氧化钛、五氧化二钒和氧化钨的重量比为3~5:2~3:1~2:1~1.5:0.5~1。
在本发明一个较佳实施例中,所述步骤(6)中,所述粘结剂为PVA粉末,其加入量为所述混合物总重量的3~5%。
在本发明一个较佳实施例中,所述步骤(7)中,所述干燥条件为:120~180℃,干燥3~5h;所述烧结条件为:氧体体积份数0.12~0.18%,烧结温度1260~1300℃,烧结时间3~5h。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明一种利用废弃干电池制备高性能锰锌铁氧体的方法,操作简便,容易实现,其以废旧干电池为原料,通过合理的除杂净化工序,提取出锰、锌、铁原料,再通过成分调整,通过合适的烧结工艺,制备出性能优异的锰锌铁氧体材料,降低了废弃物对环境的污染,提高了原料的利用率,同时降低锰锌铁氧体材料的原料成本,具有较大的现实意义。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的较佳实施例进行详细阐述,以使本发明的优点和征能更易于被本领域技术人员理解,从而对本发明的保护范围做出更为清楚明确的界定。
本发明实施例包括:
实施例1
一种利用废弃干电池制备高性能锰锌铁氧体的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)破碎:先将废弃干电池拆开,去除塑料膜、两端的塑料件和碳棒,将剩余部分充分粉碎;
(2)除杂净化:向步骤(1)中得到的破碎物料中加入过量的体积浓度为40~60%的硫酸溶液和过量的铁粉,充分搅拌,使之完全溶解,然后将不溶物(包括电池固溶杂质和剩余的铁粉)和新产生的沉淀物过滤去除;在向滤液中加入占滤液体积1/3的体积浓度为10%的硫化铵溶液,充分搅拌后,过滤去除沉淀物(硫化汞、硫化铬等);调节滤液的pH值为4,向其中加入占滤液体积1/5的体积浓度为10%的氟化铵溶液,充分搅拌混合,过滤除去沉淀物(氟化钙、氟化镁等);
(3)调节溶液组分:向步骤(2)中除杂净化后的溶液中加入占所述混合溶液总体积的1/10的体积浓度为20%的硫化亚铁溶液,搅拌混合均匀;
(4)共沉淀反应:向步骤(3)中的混合溶液中共沉淀剂碳酸氢铵的氨水溶液,在60~70℃条件下搅拌反应3~5h,使沉淀完全,过滤,将沉淀物洗涤干净;
(5)混料:向步骤(4)洗涤干净后的沉淀物中加入占沉淀物湿重2%重量份的碳酸钙、二氧化硅、二氧化钛、五氧化二钒和氧化钨的混合物,置入砂磨机内研磨混合均匀;所述碳酸钙、二氧化硅、二氧化钛、五氧化二钒和氧化钨的重量比为3:2:1:1:0.5;
(6)制坯:向步骤(5)中得到的混合物中加入占所述混合物总重量的3%的粘结剂,混合均匀后制备所需形状的坯料;
(7)烧结成型:将步骤(6)中得到的坯料先在120℃干燥5h,再置于烧结炉内,在体积份数0.12%的氧气浓度含量下,在1260~1300℃的温度下烧结3~5h成型,得到锰锌铁氧体材料。
实施例2
一种利用废弃干电池制备高性能锰锌铁氧体的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)破碎:先将废弃干电池拆开,去除塑料膜、两端的塑料件和碳棒,将剩余部分充分粉碎;
(2)除杂净化:向步骤(1)中得到的破碎物料中加入过量的体积浓度为40~60%的硫酸溶液和过量的铁粉,充分搅拌,使之完全溶解,然后将不溶物(包括电池固溶杂质和剩余的铁粉)和新产生的沉淀物过滤去除;在向滤液中加入占滤液体积1/3的体积浓度为15%的硫化铵溶液,充分搅拌后,过滤去除沉淀物(硫化汞、硫化铬等);调节滤液的pH值为6,向其中加入占滤液体积1/5的体积浓度为15%的氟化铵溶液,充分搅拌混合,过滤除去沉淀物(氟化钙、氟化镁等);
(3)调节溶液组分:向步骤(2)中除杂净化后的溶液中加入占所述混合溶液总体积的1/5的体积浓度为10%的硫化亚铁溶液,搅拌混合均匀;
(4)共沉淀反应:向步骤(3)中的混合溶液中共沉淀剂碳酸氢铵的氨水溶液,在60~70℃条件下搅拌反应3~5h,使沉淀完全,过滤,将沉淀物洗涤干净;
(5)混料:向步骤(4)洗涤干净后的沉淀物中加入占沉淀物湿重5%重量份的碳酸钙、二氧化硅、二氧化钛、五氧化二钒和氧化钨的混合物,置入砂磨机内研磨混合均匀;所述碳酸钙、二氧化硅、二氧化钛、五氧化二钒和氧化钨的重量比为5:3:2:1.5:1;
(6)制坯:向步骤(5)中得到的混合物中加入占所述混合物总重量的5%的粘结剂,混合均匀后制备所需形状的坯料;
(7)烧结成型:将步骤(6)中得到的坯料先在180℃干燥3h,再置于烧结炉内,在体积份数0.18%的氧气浓度含量下,在1300℃的温度下烧结3h成型,得到锰锌铁氧体材料。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例,并非因此限制本发明的专利范围,凡是利用本发明说明书内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换,或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域,均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。
Claims (7)
1.一种利用废弃干电池制备高性能锰锌铁氧体的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)破碎:先将废弃干电池拆开,去除塑料膜、两端的塑料件和碳棒,将剩余部分充分粉碎;
(2)除杂净化:向步骤(1)中得到的破碎物料中加入过量的硫酸溶液和过量的铁粉,充分搅拌,使之完全溶解,然后将不溶物和新产生的沉淀物过滤去除;在向滤液中加入硫化铵溶液,充分搅拌后,过滤去除沉淀物;调节滤液的pH值,向其中加入一定量的氟化铵溶液,充分搅拌混合,过滤除去沉淀物;
(3)调节溶液组分:向步骤(2)中除杂净化后的溶液中加入一定量的硫化亚铁溶液,搅拌混合均匀;
(4)共沉淀反应:向步骤(3)中的混合溶液中共沉淀剂,在一定条件下搅拌反应,使沉淀完全,过滤,将沉淀物洗涤干净;
(5)混料:向步骤(4)洗涤干净后的沉淀物中加入占沉淀物湿重2~5%重量份的碳酸钙、二氧化硅、二氧化钛、五氧化二钒和氧化钨的混合物,置入砂磨机内研磨混合均匀;
(6)制坯:向步骤(5)中得到的混合物中加入一定量的粘结剂,混合均匀后制备所需形状的坯料;
(7)烧结成型:将步骤(6)中得到的坯料先干燥,再置于烧结炉内,在一定的氧体体积含量下烧结成型,得到锰锌铁氧体材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的利用废弃干电池制备高性能锰锌铁氧体的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中,所述硫酸的体积浓度为40~60%;硫化铵溶液的体积浓度为10~15%;所述氟化铵溶液的体积浓度为10~15%;所述pH值为4~6。
3.根据权利要求1所述的利用废弃干电池制备高性能锰锌铁氧体的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中,所述硫酸亚铁的体积浓度为10~20%,其加入量为所述混合溶液总体积的1/10~1/5。
4.根据权利要求1所述的利用废弃干电池制备高性能锰锌铁氧体的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(4)中,所述共沉淀剂为碳酸氢铵的氨水溶液;所述反应条件为:温度60~70℃,时间为3~5h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的利用废弃干电池制备高性能锰锌铁氧体的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(5)中,所述碳酸钙、二氧化硅、二氧化钛、五氧化二钒和氧化钨的重量比为3~5:2~3:1~2:1~1.5:0.5~1。
6.根据权利要求1所述的利用废弃干电池制备高性能锰锌铁氧体的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(6)中,所述粘结剂为PVA粉末,其加入量为所述混合物总重量的3~5%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的利用废弃干电池制备高性能锰锌铁氧体的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(7)中,所述干燥条件为:120~180℃,干燥3~5h;所述烧结条件为:氧体体积份数0.12~0.18%,烧结温度1260~1300℃,烧结时间3~5h。
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