CN105497789A - 一种治疗脑卒中后抑郁症的中药制剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗脑卒中后抑郁症的中药制剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗脑卒中后抑郁症的中药制剂,其所述中药制剂包括以下重量份的原料药:丹参10~20份,郁金10~20份,柴胡10~20份,川芎10~20份,制首乌10~20份,栀子10~20份,连翘10~20份,黄芪10~20份,黄连10~20份,苍术10~20份,酸枣仁10~20份,远志10~20份,合欢皮10~20份,石菖蒲10~20份,钩藤10~20份,白芍10~20份,莪术10~20份,丹皮10~20份,夜交藤10~20份,山茱萸10~20份,砂仁10~20份,佛手10~20份,陈皮10~20份,地龙10~20份。全方具有养阴清热、疏肝解郁、补气养阴、解郁除烦之功效。结果表明,本发明治疗脑卒中后抑郁症有良好的疗效,并且无毒,没有依赖性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及含有来源于植物、动物或矿物原料药的医用配置品,特别涉及一种治疗脑卒中后抑郁症的中药制剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
post-strokedepression脑卒中常见的并发症之一。严重病人可能会产生轻生的念头,如不及时防范,部分病人可能导致自杀的后果。是与脑卒中事件相关的,临床表现抑郁心境的情感障碍性疾病。
卒中后抑郁症(PSD)是脑血管病常见的并发症之一,它不仅影响患者的生活质量,导致其出现种种不良的心境体验和躯体功能障碍,同时还影响患者神经及肢体功能的恢复,国内外研究其发病率为25%~75%。至少有40%~50%的脑卒中病人在卒中后有抑郁的体验,多发生在脑卒中后2个月~1年。由于抑郁反应的发生非常隐蔽,不易被察觉,有些病人由于存在语言障碍,使抑郁症状不能被检出,往往直到意外事件发生后才知道。其实如果我们对抑郁状态的表现早有所认识,多注意病人的情绪和精神状态,这种惨剧完全可以避免。
抑郁心境可导致思维消极、悲观和自责、自卑,犹如带着有色眼睛看世界,感到任何事情都困难重重,对前途悲观绝望。神经衰弱患者把自己看得一无是处、对微不足道得过失和缺点无限夸大,感到自己对不起他人、家属和社会,认为自己罪恶深重,是一个“十恶不赦”的坏蛋。有的病人还感到活着毫无意义,生活在人世间徒然受苦,只有一死才能逃出苦海得以解脱。这种自杀观念强烈者如果得不到及时医治或监护,自杀成功率相当高。临床表现在:1.情绪和性格的变化:情绪低落、情绪不稳、经常感到委屈想哭,语言减少、不爱与人交往、多疑。2.睡眠不好:经常失眠、梦多、入睡困难,或睡眠不深、夜间易醒或早醒。3.无兴趣:对以前喜欢做的事情不感兴趣,不愿意参加社交活动,经常闭门不出。4.身体不适:常常伴有胃部不适、食欲下降和体重减轻,有时感心慌、胸闷、气短、头晕头疼、周身窜痛等。5.能力下降:以前能胜任的工作和家务不能胜任,总感觉疲乏,懒得活动。6.悲观无价值感:对未来不抱希望,常常感到孤独、绝望,害怕和无助,经常自责,有时有自杀的念头。
抑郁症是一类心理障碍性疾病的总称,统称为“情感障碍”。其症状每随情志波动而变化,主要表现为情绪低落,忧虑烦躁或易激惹,懒言少动,睡眠障碍,悲观绝望,对生活丧失兴趣甚则自杀等。中医对抑郁症,辨病为郁症,辨证多为痰火郁结、阻闭清窍型,与痰邪有关。患者常因情志不舒则气郁,思虑太过则气结。气机郁结则水谷运化失调,致使痰邪产生。痰邪内蕴日久尤如湿物堆积而产热化火,火被痰包裹则越不易散,痰得火助则愈加肆意横行。痰、火交结则病程缠绵。火为阳邪,痰属阴邪,阴阳胜则病态多端。痰火上扰故心烦易怒,顽固失眠,焦虑不安,痰迷真窍故悲观厌世,敏感多疑,甚则发呆痴想,自卑欲死。舌红胎黄为火之象,脉滑为痰之征。
卒中后抑郁症属祖国医学郁证范畴,多由情志不舒,肝气郁结,气机失调,心失所养所致,中药治疗卒中后抑郁症疗效好且无明显毒副作用,值得临床继续研究及推广应用。现代西药应用抗抑郁药物治疗抑郁症,这些药物不仅难以治愈,大多还有一定的副作用及使用禁忌。故中医治疗该病具有较大优势。中医药治疗抑郁症的优越性正日益引起国内外学者的关注。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于,针对目前治疗卒中后抑郁症的药物尚存在许多不足,如西医治疗仍以化学药物治疗为主,治疗周期长,副作用大,疗效不确切,价格昂贵,患者依从性差而制约了临床应用。中医传统治疗方法也没有专门的治疗卒中后抑郁症的中药问世。而祖国医学千百年来的临床积累,有许多对抑郁症行之有效的方药,将其研究并开发出来,已是必然。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种治疗脑卒中后抑郁症的中药制剂,其所述中药制剂包括以下重量份的原料药:丹参10~20份,郁金10~20份,柴胡10~20份,川芎10~20份,制首乌10~20份,栀子10~20份,连翘10~20份,黄芪10~20份,黄连10~20份,苍术10~20份,酸枣仁10~20份,远志10~20份,合欢皮10~20份,石菖蒲10~20份,钩藤10~20份,白芍10~20份,莪术10~20份,丹皮10~20份,夜交藤10~20份,山茱萸10~20份,砂仁10~20份,佛手10~20份,陈皮10~20份,地龙10~20份。
所述治疗脑卒中后抑郁症的中药制剂,其所述中药制剂中可以包括以下重量份的原料药:丹参10~15份,郁金10~15份,柴胡10~15份,川芎10~15份,制首乌10~15份,栀子10~15份,连翘10~15份,黄芪10~15份,黄连10~15份,苍术10~15份,酸枣仁10~15份,远志10~15份,合欢皮10~20份,石菖蒲10~20份,钩藤10~20份,白芍10~20份,莪术10~20份,丹皮10~20份,夜交藤10~20份,山茱萸10~20份,砂仁10~20份,佛手10~20份,陈皮10~20份,地龙10~20份。
所述治疗脑卒中后抑郁症的中药制剂,其所述中药制剂中还可以包括以下重量份的原料药:丹参10~20份,郁金10~20份,柴胡10~20份,川芎10~20份,制首乌10~20份,栀子10~20份,连翘10~20份,黄芪10~20份,黄连10~20份,苍术10~20份,酸枣仁10~20份,远志10~20份,合欢皮10~15份,石菖蒲10~15份,钩藤10~15份,白芍10~15份,莪术10~15份,丹皮10~15份,夜交藤10~15份,山茱萸10~15份,砂仁10~15份,佛手10~15份,陈皮10~15份,地龙10~15份。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明还提供一种治疗脑卒中后抑郁症的中药制剂的制备方法,其所述中药制剂的剂型为口服液剂的制备方法包括:
a、将所有原料药放入乙醇浸泡,热提取2次,为组分1;
b、再将上述步骤提取的药渣加水提取2次,为组分2;
c、最后将组分1与组分2合并,搅拌均匀后浓缩,放入蜂蜜调和,紫外线杀毒装瓶。
所述步骤a中,可以将所有原料药泡入占其质量10倍量的乙醇中1-5小时,加热提取2次,每次1-2小时,去上清液,合并提取液,100-110目滤过,再经截流分子量为6000-10000的超滤柱超滤,超滤液减压浓缩相对密度为80℃时1.36的浸膏待用,为组分1;。
所述步骤b中,可以将上述步骤提取的药渣放入水中,浸泡2小时以上,分别加占原料药总质量的8倍量、6倍量的水加热提取2次,提取时间为2小时、1小时;合并2次提取液,提取液通过管式离心,得离心液,离心液过D101大孔树脂进行吸附,先用水洗除杂,然后用70%的乙醇进行洗脱,收集洗脱液,减压浓缩,减压浓缩相对密度为80℃时1.36的浸膏待用,为组分2。
所述步骤c中,可以将上述两种组分合并,回收乙醇,然后置入双效真空浓缩器中,浓缩至80℃时相对密度为1.50的浸膏,置0~5℃低温冷藏24小时;将冷藏液加0.3%的助滤剂硅藻土,过滤,浸膏再置入双效真空浓缩器中,浓缩至每1ml含0.1mg生药量;然后加蜂蜜调和后紫外线杀菌装瓶。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明也提供一种治疗脑卒中后抑郁症的中药制剂的制备方法,其所述制剂的剂型为胶囊剂的制备方法包括:
a、取原料药加入水提取2次,成浸膏状,为组分1;
b、药渣加乙醇浓缩过滤为浸膏状,为组分2;
c、将上述两种浸膏浓缩干燥成干膏,混合粉碎,加糊精适量,制粒,灌装胶囊。
所述步骤a中,可以取原料药加入5-10倍量的水浸泡1-2小时,提取2次;加热提取1-2小时,浓缩至浸膏状,成为组分1。
所述步骤b中,可以将水提取过的药渣放入10倍量乙醇中,加热回流提取1次,提取时间为1~2小时,100-120目滤过,再经截流分子量为5000-10000的超滤柱超滤,超滤液减压浓缩相对密度为80℃时1.38的浸膏,加热浓缩30分钟~45分钟,浓缩至浸膏状,静置备用,成为组分2。
中医具有辩证论治的特色,中药有毒副作用小的优势,本病多由情志不舒,肝气郁结,气机失调,心失所养所致,中药治疗卒中后抑郁症疗效好且无明显毒副作用,值得临床继续研究及推广应用。本发明针对中药气味清苦,口感不佳,使用不方便,做出很大的该善,具有很强的市场前景。全方具有养阴清热、疏肝解郁、补气养阴、解郁除烦之功效。结果表明,本发明治疗脑卒中后抑郁症有良好的疗效,并且无毒,没有依赖性。
具体实施方式
祖国医学并没有抑郁症,焦虑症的病名,但根据其临床症状及发病转归来看,将其纳入郁证的范畴。《伤寒论》和《金匮要略》中记载的多种疾病与症候(如百合病、奔豚气、脏躁、梅核气以及小柴胡汤证、桂枝龙骨牡蛎汤证、柴胡龙骨牡蛎汤证、黄连阿胶汤与酸枣仁汤证、小建中汤证等)与抑郁症有诸多相似之处,中医古代文献中的相关经方(如逍遥散、柴胡疏肝散、小柴胡汤、四逆散、越鞠丸、半夏厚朴汤、涤痰汤、温胆汤、归脾汤、百合地黄汤、甘麦大枣汤、黄连阿胶汤、酸枣仁汤、血府逐瘀汤等)被广泛应用于治疗抑郁症。将治疗抑郁症有确切疗效的传统方药开发成为中成药是当今中医药治疗抑郁症的一个发展方向。抑郁症属中医学的郁病范畴,初期多为气滞痰凝,痰湿阻络,气血运行不畅,瘀血停滞,心失所养,从而神不守舍。
卒中后抑郁症属祖国医学郁证范畴,多由情志不舒,肝气郁结,气机失调,心失所养所致,本方以古方为主进行加减而来,方中柴胡舒肝解郁,且有抗抑郁作用,当归、白芍柔肝养血,调和情志,且能稳定患者情绪,促进血液循环;白术、茯苓健脾化湿、运化有权则气机调畅,香附、郁金行气解郁,理气宽胸,酸枣仁益肝,养肝阴,和心神;陈皮理气,配柴胡一升一降则气机调畅;合欢皮安神解郁,《本经》云:“安五脏,和心志,令欢乐无忧”。石菖蒲开窍安神,燥湿化痰,《重庆堂随笔》云:石菖蒲舒心气,畅心神,怡心情,益心志,妙药也;夜交藤补血活血,养心安神。诸药合用,共奏舒肝解郁,健脾养心之功。本研究显示,本发明和氟西汀对卒中后抑郁症均有较明显改善作用,临床疗效无显著差异,中药治疗卒中后抑郁症疗效好且无明显毒副作用,值得临床继续研究及推广应用。
黄芪具有补气固表、利水退肿、托毒排脓、生肌等功效。黄芪的药用迄今已有2000多年的历史,现代研究,黄芪含皂甙、蔗糖、多糖、多种氨基酸、叶酸及硒、锌、铜等多种微量元素。有增强机体免疫功能、保肝、利尿、抗衰老、抗应激、降压和较广泛的抗菌作用。但表实邪盛,气滞湿阻,食积停滞,痈疽初起或溃后热毒尚盛等实证。黄芪具有补气固表,利尿托毒,排脓,敛疮生肌的功效。用于气虚乏力,食少便溏,中气下陷,久泻脱肛,便血崩漏,表虚自汗,痈疽难溃,久溃不敛,血虚萎黄,内热消渴。《本经》记载:“主痈疽,久败疮,排脓止痛。补虚,小儿百病。”《日华子本草》记载:“助气壮筋骨,长肉补血。”
酸枣仁养肝,宁心,安神,敛汗。治虚烦不眠,惊悸怔忡,烦渴,虚汗。《本经》:主心腹寒热,邪结气聚,四肢酸疼,湿痹。《别录》:主烦心不得眠,脐上下痛,血转久泄,虚汗烦渴,补中,益肝气,坚筋骨,助阴气,令人肥健。治虚劳虚烦,不得眠治心脏亏虚,神志不守,恐怖惊惕,常多恍惚,易于健忘,睡卧不宁,梦涉危险,一切心疾《纲目》:酸枣仁,甘而润,故熟用疗胆虚不得眠,烦渴虚汗之证;生用疗胆热好眠。皆足厥阴、少阳药也,今人专以为心家药,殊昧此理。
远志苦、辛,微温。归心、肾、肺经。功能主治安神益智,祛痰,消肿。用于心肾不交引起的失眠多梦,健忘惊悸,神志恍惚,咳痰不爽,疮疡肿毒,乳房肿痛。应用于失眠多梦,心悸怔忡,健忘。本品苦辛性温,性善宣泄通达,既能开心气而宁心安神、又能通肾气而强志不忘,为交通心肾、安定神志、益智强识之佳品。主治心肾不交之心神不宁、失眠、惊悸等症,常与茯神、龙齿、朱砂等镇静安神药同用,如远志丸(《张氏医通》);治健忘证,常与人参、百合、菖蒲同用,如开心散(《千金方》),若方中再加茯神,即不忘散(《证治准绳》)。《本草正》:远志,功专心肾,故可镇心止惊,辟邪安梦,壮阳益精,强志助力。以其气升,故同人参、甘草、枣仁,极能举陷摄精,交接水火
栀子苦,寒。归心、肺、三焦经。用于热病发热,心烦不宁等症。栀子善能泻火泄热而除烦。在外感热病的气分症初期,见有发热、胸闷、心烦等症,可用栀子配合豆豉,以透邪泄热、除烦解郁。如属一切实热火症而见高热烦躁、神昏谵语等症,可用本品配黄柏等泻火而清邪热。
中药首乌有生首乌与制首乌之分,直接切片入药为生首乌,用黑豆煮汁拌蒸后晒干入药为制首乌。二者的功用有所不同:生首乌功能解毒、消痈、润肠通便,常用于治疗瘰疬疮痈、风疹瘙痒、肠燥便秘;制首乌功能补肝肾、益精血、乌须发、强筋骨,用于血虚萎黄、眩晕耳鸣、须发早白、腰膝酸软、肢体麻木、崩漏带下、久疟体虚等。本发明所采用的制首乌是补肾益肾的佳品。
钩藤性性凉,味甘。功能清热平肝,息风定惊。用于头痛眩晕、感冒夹惊、惊痢抽搐、妊娠子痢、高血压症。《纲目》载其:“钩藤,手、足厥阴药也。足厥阴主风,手厥阴主火,惊痫眩运,皆肝风相火之病,钩藤通心包于肝木,风静火熄,则诸症自除。”经试验证明其有良好的镇静作用,钩藤煎剂0.1克/公斤给小鼠腹腔注射,能产生明显的镇静作用,但无明显的催眠作用。
当归:其味甘而重,故专能补血,其气轻而辛,故又能行血,补中有动,行中有补,诚血中之气药,亦血中之圣药。大约佐之以补则补,故能养营养血,补气生精,安五脏,强形体,益神志,凡有形虚损之病,无所不宜。佐之以攻则通,故能祛痛通便,利筋骨,治拘挛、瘫痪、燥、涩等证。营虚而表不解者,佐以柴、葛、麻、桂等剂,大能散表卫热,而表不敛者,佐以大黄之类,又能固表。惟其气辛而动,故欲其静者当避之,性滑善行,大便不固者当避之。凡阴中火盛者,当归能动血,亦非所宜,阴中阳虚者,当归能养血,乃不可少。
丹皮即牡丹皮,中药名。为毛茛科植物牡丹干燥根皮。产于安徽、四川、河南、山东等地。具有清热凉血、活血化淤、退虚热的功效。清热凉血;活血散瘀。温热病热入血分;发斑;吐衄;热病后期热伏阴分发热;阴虚骨蒸潮热;血滞经闭;痛经;痈肿疮毒;跌扑伤痛;风湿热痹。治血虚劳倦五心烦热肢体疼痛头目昏重心忪颊赤口燥咽干发热盗汗减食嗜卧及血热相搏月水不利脐腹胀痛寒热如疟;又治室女血弱阴虚荣卫不和痰嗽潮热肌体羸瘦。《本经》:"主寒热,中风瘈疭、痉、惊痫邪气,除症坚瘀血留舍肠胃,安五脏,疗痈疮。"
白芍性凉,味苦酸,微寒,具有补血柔肝、平肝止痛。敛阴收汗等功效,适用于阴虚发热、月经不调、胸腹胁肋疼痛、四肢挛急,泻痢腹痛、自汗盗汗、崩漏、带下等症。芍药甙有抗菌、解热、抗炎、增加冠状动脉流量、改善心肌营养血流、扩张血管、对抗急性心肌缺血、抑制血小板聚集、镇静、镇痛、解痉、抗溃疡、调节血糖的作用。白芍煎剂能抑制痢疾杆菌、肺炎链球菌、大肠杆菌、伤寒杆菌、溶血性链球菌、绿脓杆菌等。血虚阴虚、胸腹胁肋疼痛、肝区痛、胆囊炎、胆结石疼痛、泻痢腹痛、妇女行经腹痛、自汗易汗盗汗、腓肠肌痉挛、四肢拘挛疼痛、不安腿综合症等病症患者适宜食用。
郁金本品为姜科植物温郁金CurcumawenyujinY.H.ChenetC.Ling、姜黄CurcumalongaL.的干燥块根。前两者分别习称“温郁金”和“黄丝郁金”,其余按性状不同习称“桂郁金”或“绿丝郁金”。冬季茎叶枯萎后采挖,除去泥沙及细根,蒸或煮至透心,干燥。性味与归经:辛、苦,寒。归肝、心、肺经。功能主治:活血止痛,行气解郁,清心凉血,利胆退黄。用于经闭痛经,胸腹胀痛、刺痛,热病神昏,癫痫发狂,黄疸尿赤。
合欢皮为豆科(Legumin0sae)植物合欢的干燥树皮,呈卷曲筒状或半筒状,长40~80cm,厚合欢皮0.1~0.3cm。外表面灰棕色至灰褐色,性味甘、平。有解郁、和血、宁心、消痈肿之功。有治心神不安、忧郁、失眠、肺痈、痈肿、瘰疠、筋骨折伤之效。
夜交藤:中医认为,夜交藤性平无毒,味甘微苦,入心、肝经,有安神养血、祛风通络的功效,主治阴虚血少、虚烦不眠、风湿痹痛、皮肤痒疹等症。夜交藤的煎服剂量一般为10~30克,还可煎水外洗或捣敷外用。主要的临床应用简介如下。失眠夜交藤具有养血安神作用,用于阴虚血少所致的失眠,常与合欢皮、酸枣仁、柏子仁、远志等药配合应用。
山茱萸,主治心下邪气寒热,温中,逐寒温痹,去三虫,久服轻身有强阴益精、安五脏、通九窍、止小便淋沥之功;久服明目、强力长年。山茱萸,又名山芋肉、药枣、实枣儿、枣皮、肉枣等,为我国常用名贵中药材,应用历史悠久。它以其补力平和、壮阳而不助火,滋阴而不腻膈,收敛而不留邪等特殊功效被历代医学所喜用。张仲景以山茱萸为君创制了“金匮肾气丸”。据化学分析,山茱萸含有生理活性较强的山茱萸甙、酒石酸、没食子酸、苹果酸、树酯、鞣质和多种维生素等有效成分,具有增强免疫、抗炎、抗菌等药理作用,是中医临床中常用的一味药。白术。
砂仁(拉丁学名:AmomumvillosumLour.)药用的砂仁成熟果实或种子入药。砂仁是一种较为温和的草药。主产于东南亚国家。中医认为,砂仁主要作用于人体的胃、肾和脾,能够行气调味,和胃醒脾。砂仁常与厚朴、枳实、陈皮等配合,适合于治疗胸脘胀满、腹胀食少等病症。砂仁性温,味辛,具有温暖脾肾、下气止痛、宽胸膈、疏气滞、除呕逆、增食欲、止冷泻、开胃、化滞、消食的功效,可有效治疗腹痛胀满、肠鸣泄泻、宿食不化、呕吐清水、舌苔厚腻、孕妇妊娠恶阻反应以及孕妇偶因跌扑,以致胎动不安而腹痛等症。
佛手的根可治男人下消、四肢酸软;花、果可泡茶,有消气作用;果可治胃病、呕吐、噎嗝、高血压、气管炎、哮喘等病症。据《归经》等载,佛手并具治鼓胀发肿病,妇女白带病及醒酒作用,是配制佛手中成药的主要原料药。佛手不仅有较高的观赏价值,而且具有珍贵的药用价值。李时珍在《本草纲目》中记载:“佛手气味辛,温无毒;主治下气,除心头痰水;煮酒饮,治痰多咳漱;煮汤,治心下气痛。”有疏肝解郁、燥湿化痰、理气和中的功效,常用于肝郁气滞、脾胃气滞和痰湿壅肺等证。药理研究表明,佛手主要含柠檬油素等香豆精类,尚含黄酮苷、橙皮苷、有机酸、挥发油等,对肠道平滑肌有明显的抑制作用,对乙酰胆碱引起的十二指肠痉挛有明显的解痉作用可扩张冠状血管,增加冠脉的血流量,减缓心率和降低血压。
陈皮苦、辛,温。归肺、脾经。理气健脾,燥湿化痰。用于胸脘胀满,食少吐泻,咳嗽痰多。苦、辛,温。理气健脾,调中,燥湿,化痰。主治脾胃气滞之脘腹胀满或疼痛、消化不良。湿浊阻中之胸闷腹胀、纳呆便溏。痰湿壅肺之咳嗽气喘。温能行气,辛能发散,苦而泄水。故陈皮有三大类作用,一是导胸中寒邪,二破滞气,三益脾胃。这三大作用中,主要作用是行脾胃之气。脾胃主运化水湿,故脾胃之气行则能去湿、健脾、化痰,故又可以说,陈皮温能养脾,辛能醒脾,苦能健脾。由于陈皮主行脾胃之气,脾胃地处中焦,中焦之气通行,使三焦之气也随之涌动。三焦为决渎之官,通行水液,与湿相伴;又为藏府之外府,上及心、肺,下及肝、肾。所以陈皮的作用可宽及所有藏府,遍及全身之湿。
丹参具有活血散淤、消肿止血、消炎止痛、调经止痛、扩张冠状动脉、改善心肌缺血状况、降低血压、安神静心、降血糖和抗菌等功效,对月经不调、经闭痛经、血行不畅、跌打损伤、疮疡肿痛、心烦失眠、心绞痛等病症有一定的疗效。近代的医学实验证明,丹参还具有抗血小板凝聚、降低血液黏度及调节内外凝血系统的功能,是一种安全又可靠的治疗心脏血管疾病的天然中药。
地龙清热定惊,通络、平喘,利尿;用于脑血栓、脑梗塞、冠心病、中风,关节麻痹,肢体麻木,半身不遂,高血压症等病症。地龙蛋白提取自地龙,含有胶原酶、纤溶酶、蚓激酶、核酸、微量元素等多种成分,被广泛用于药物中。地龙提取物,地龙通过高科技提取,至今已成功研发出微络康地龙蛋白、地龙蛋白软胶囊等。目前已广泛用于临床,并越来越多地用在心、脑血管、内分泌,呼吸系统等疾病的预防和治疗中心。
莪术根茎称“莪术”,供药用,主治“气血凝滞,心腹胀痛,症瘕,积聚,宿食不消,妇女血瘀经闭,跌打损伤作痛。”块根称“绿丝郁金”,有行气解郁,破瘀,止痛的功用。辛、苦,温。归肝、脾经。破血行气,消积止痛。用于血瘀腹痛、肝脾肿大、心腹胀痛,积聚,妇女血瘀经闭,跌打损伤作痛饮食积滞。行气止痛,破血消积:用于气滞血瘀之经闭、胸胁痛、腹痛及症瘕肿块等。常配三棱。消食化积:用于饮食积滞之胃腹胀痛,常配焦麦芽、焦槟榔。
石菖蒲化湿开胃,开窍豁痰,醒神益智。用于脘痞不饥,噤口下痢,神昏癫痫,健忘耳聋。理气,活血,散风,去湿。治癫痫,痰厥,热病神昏,健忘,气闭耳聋,心胸烦闷,胃痛,腹痛,风寒湿痹,痈疽肿毒,跌打损伤。
川芎是一种中药植物,常用于活血行气,祛风止痛,川芎辛温香燥,走而不守,既能行散,上行可达巅顶;又入血分,下行可达血海。活血祛瘀作用广泛,适宜瘀血阻滞各种病症;祛风止痛,效用甚佳,可治头风头痛、风湿痹痛等症。昔人谓川芎为血中之气药,殆言其寓辛散、解郁、通达、止痛等功能。本品辛温升散,凡阴虚阳亢及肝阳上亢者不宜应用;月经过多、孕妇亦忌用。
苍术:苍术、藿香、佩兰,均为芳香化湿药,具有化湿之力,用于湿阻中焦证。但苍术苦温燥烈,可燥湿健脾,不仅适用于湿阻中焦,也适用于各种湿邪泛滥之症;而藿香、佩兰性微温或平,以化湿醒脾为主,多用于湿邪困脾之症。苍术可与厚朴、陈皮、甘草配伍,以燥湿运脾;行气和胃;若脾为湿困,清浊不分,大便泄泻,小便短少者,可与厚朴、茯苓、泽泻等同用,以健脾燥湿,利小便而实大便;治小儿霍乱泄泻者,可与人参、木瓜配用;若脾湿积久而成饮癖,胁痛,食减,味酸者,可单用为末,枣肉为丸,以燥湿健脾而化痰饮。
黄连清热燥湿,泻火解毒。用于湿热痞满,呕吐吞酸,泻痢,黄疸,高热神昏,心火亢盛,心烦不寐,血热吐衄,目赤,牙痛,消渴,痈肿疔疮;外治湿疹,湿疮,耳道流脓。酒黄连善清上焦火热。用于目赤,口疮。姜黄连清胃和胃止呕。用于寒热互结,湿热中阻,痞满呕吐。萸黄连舒肝和胃止呕。用于肝胃不和,呕吐吞酸。
本发明具体实施方式
具体实施例1:本发明丸剂的制备,取丹参1500g,郁金1500g,柴胡1500g,川芎1500g,制首乌1500g,栀子1500g,连翘1500g,黄芪1500g,黄连1500g,苍术1500g,酸枣仁1500g,远志1500g,合欢皮1500g,石菖蒲1500g,钩藤1500g,白芍1500g,莪术1500g,丹皮1500g,夜交藤1500g,山茱萸1500g,砂仁1500g,佛手1500g,陈皮1500g,地龙1500g,先将原料药切碎,过100目细筛,收集过筛的原料药颗粒,将未过筛的粗颗粒泡入10倍量乙醇中,加热提取2次,每次1-2小时,去上清液,合并提取液,100-120目滤过,再经截流分子量为5000-10000的超滤柱超滤,超滤液减压浓缩相对密度为80℃时1.36的浸膏,加热浓缩至膏状,静置备用,成组分1。将提取的药渣放入10倍量水中,浸泡1-2小时,加热提取2次,每次1-2小时,合并提取液,静置后去上清液,然后放入减压浓缩罐内,浓缩至药液浓度为0.6g生药/mL,抽滤至滤液的相对密度为20℃时1.06的浸膏,成为组分2。将上述4次提取浸膏合并,减压浓缩相对密度为80℃时1.28的糊状,回收乙醇,将所得糊状通入喷雾干燥机进行喷雾干燥,过喷雾干燥机喷头的压缩空气压力为4kg/m2,干燥室热气流温度是80℃,得原料药药粉;将过筛后得到的原料药细粉与原料药药粉混合后,调和蜂蜜,搓成丸剂。
具体实施例2:本发明口服液剂制备,取丹参1300g,郁金1200g,柴胡1300g,川芎1200g,制首乌1200g,栀子1300g,连翘1200g,黄芪1200g,黄连1200g,苍术1200g,酸枣仁1200g,远志1300g,合欢皮1200g,石菖蒲1300g,钩藤1200g,白芍1300g,莪术1300g,丹皮1200g,夜交藤1100g,山茱萸1300g,砂仁1200g,佛手1200g,陈皮1300g,地龙1300g,将所有原料药泡入占其质量10倍量的乙醇中1-5小时,加热提取2次,每次1-2小时,去上清液,合并提取液,100-110目滤过,再经截流分子量为6000-10000的超滤柱超滤,超滤液减压浓缩相对密度为80℃时1.36的浸膏待用,为组分1;将上述步骤提取的药渣放入水中,浸泡2小时以上,分别加占原料药总质量的8倍量、6倍量的水加热提取2次,提取时间为2小时、1小时;合并2次提取液,提取液通过管式离心,得离心液,离心液过D101大孔树脂进行吸附,先用水洗除杂,然后用70%的乙醇进行洗脱,收集洗脱液,减压浓缩,减压浓缩相对密度为80℃时1.36的浸膏待用,为组分2。将上述两种组分合并,回收乙醇,然后置入双效真空浓缩器中,浓缩至80℃时相对密度为1.50的浸膏,置0~5℃低温冷藏24小时;将冷藏液加0.3%的助滤剂硅藻土,过滤,浸膏再置入双效真空浓缩器中,浓缩至每1ml含0.1mg生药量;然后加蜂蜜调和后紫外线杀菌装瓶。
具体实施例3:本发明胶囊剂的制备,取丹参1200g,郁金1300g,柴胡1300g,川芎1200g,制首乌1200g,栀子1300g,连翘1100g,黄芪1200g,黄连1200g,苍术1200g,酸枣仁1200g,远志1300g,合欢皮1400g,石菖蒲1300g,钩藤1200g,白芍1300g,莪术1100g,丹皮1200g,夜交藤1100g,山茱萸1300g,砂仁1200g,佛手1200g,陈皮1300g,地龙1100g,将所述原料药放入粉碎机粉碎后过120目细筛,使能通过120目筛的细粉量在达到20%,收集通过120目筛的原料药细粉备用;将过筛后剩下的颗粒物放入乙醇中加热回流提取2次,每次1~2小时,将2次提取液合并静置,将上述乙醇提取过的药渣加10倍量水加热1~2小时回流提取2次;将上述4次提取液合并静置;将上述4次提取液合并,减压浓缩相对密度为80℃时1.28的滤液,回收乙醇,将所得滤液调整比重到1.56,通入喷雾干燥机进行喷雾干燥,过喷雾干燥机喷头的压缩空气压力为4kg/m2,干燥室热气流温度是80℃,得原料药药粉;将过筛后得到的原料药细粉与乙醇提炼药粉混合装入胶囊。
具体实施例4:本发明片剂的制备,取取丹参1100g,郁金1200g,柴胡1300g,川芎1200g,制首乌1200g,栀子1200g,连翘1200g,黄芪1200g,黄连1200g,苍术1200g,酸枣仁1200g,远志1200g,合欢皮1200g,石菖蒲1300g,钩藤1200g,白芍1300g,莪术1100g,丹皮1100g,夜交藤1100g,山茱萸1300g,砂仁1200g,佛手1200g,陈皮1300g,地龙1300g,泡入10倍量乙醇中,加热提取2次,每次1-2小时,去上清液,合并提取液,100-120目滤过,再经截流分子量为5000-10000的超滤柱超滤,超滤液减压浓缩相对密度为80℃时1.36的浸膏,加热浓缩至膏状,静置备用,成组分1;再将药渣放入乙醇中加热回流提取2次,每次1~2小时,将2次提取液合并静置;将上述乙醇提取过的药渣加10倍量水加热回流提取2次,每次1~2小时,将2次提取液合并静置,将上述两种提取液合并,作为组分2;合并组分1组分2减压浓缩相对密度为70℃时1.38的滤液,回收乙醇,放入浓缩机浓缩成浸膏,加淀粉压片。
药理学毒性试验
实验例1:本发明急性毒性试验
一、试验材料:动物:昆明种小鼠,体重18-25g,雌雄各半,山东大学生物试验室育种。药物:本发明(所有原材料混合煎煮2次,合并过滤,取药液)含0.0365mg/ml。
二、方法:
1、LD50计算:采用改良寇氏法,将小鼠随机分成5组,每组10只,雌雄各半,将本发明加蒸馏水溶解,配成最大浓度,按小鼠最大允许容量给药,所给剂量按生药量依次为18,14.4,11.5,9.2,7.4(g.kg-1),在动物禁食(不禁水)18小时后,一日内分两次给药(间隔半小时),每次0.5ml,观察动物死亡情况。
2、最大耐受剂量测定(MTD值):取小鼠20只,雌雄各10只。将本发明加蒸馏水溶解,配成最高浓度,按动物的最大耐受量,以注射灌喂器能抽动为准。在动物禁食(不禁水)18小时后,一日内分两次给药(间隔半小时),每次0.5ml(每ml含生药0.36g),总药量为18g生药/kg.d,相当临床成人50Kg体重用量的300倍。给药后连续观察7天。
三、试验结果:
在LD50计算中当用最大允许浓度和最大允许容量给予小鼠时(18g/Kg.d),未见小鼠死亡,即未测出LD50,只可求最大耐受剂量,在7天观察期中,动物其食欲、活动、毛色、精神状态等皆正常,发育正常,未见有死亡。即选用相当于临床剂量的300倍药量,并无不良反应发生,表明急性毒性极小,MTD>18g/Kg.d。
实验例2:急性毒性及长期毒性的试验结果
急性毒性试验:通过小白鼠一次性灌胃给予本发明,最高浓度35%,最大灌胃容量0.4ml/10g,剂量14g/kg(每g药粉相当于10g生药),连续观察7天,未发现任何毒性反应,因浓度和剂量无法增加,故未能测出该药的LD50。最大耐受量测定:以最高浓度,最大灌胃容量,小白鼠灌胃给药3次,间隔5小时,然后连续观察7天,无一例死亡。药粉剂量为>42g/kg.日(每g药粉相当于10g生药),按公斤体重计算相当于成人临床日用量的420倍。
长期毒性试验:为观察长期用药是否产生毒性反应,分别给予大鼠本发明饲服,按成人临床日用量的70倍和35倍(即7g/kg/日和3.5g/kg/日),连续给喂8周,未见大鼠的行为、进食、体重出现异常,与对照组比,血常规,肝肾功能,各种重要脏器均无异常改变,在所用药剂量范围内,未曾发现本发明的任何毒副反应。通过动物的急慢性毒性试验证实,本发明安全范围较大,是一种安全可靠的保健品。
本发明中药制剂药效学研究:
1、心气虚模型小鼠应用本发明中药制剂后,对悬挂引起的紧张有明显抑制作用;使睡眠时间延长;肌张力增加、站立时间延长;采用水迷宫法测得记忆力增加;常压下耐缺氧时间延长;使心气虚小鼠心率恢复;
2、正常小鼠应用本发明中药制剂后,对强迫游泳法和悬挂法引起的紧张有明显的镇静作用;使小鼠的睡眠时间明显延长;对免疫功能明显的提高,使单核吞噬细胞吞噬指数和吞噬活性明显增加,小鼠血清深血素显著升高;
3、对神经内分泌型高血压模型大鼠的高血压有明显的降低作用;心率明显恢复;睡眠时间显著延长,与戊巴比妥钠有明显的协同作用;用水迷宫法试验可见,使模型大鼠的记忆力增加,在迷宫中停留的时间明显缩短;用断头法试验可见,本发明中药组合物使大鼠断头后的张嘴时间明显延长。
临床试验
观察中药治疗脑卒中后抑郁症的疗效。方法治疗组口服中药本发明,对照组应用氟西汀。结果两组在HMAD抑郁评分方面,两组治疗后与治疗前比较,均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。总体疗效治疗组与对照组比较无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论中药治疗能使病人抑郁症状明显改善,有利于提高患者的生活质量及神经功能的恢复,且无明显副作用。
卒中后抑郁症(PSD)是脑血管病常见的并发症之一,它不仅影响患者的生活质量,导致其出现种种不良的心境体验和躯体功能障碍,同时还影响患者神经及肢体功能的恢复,国内外研究其发病率为25%~75%。笔者自拟本发明治疗卒中后抑郁症30例,并用氟西汀做对照组30人,进行研究,取得满意疗效。现报道如下。
1.临床资料
1.1所有病例均为院门诊及住院病人,随机分为治疗组和对照组。其中治疗组30例,男17例,女13例,年龄46岁~78岁,平均61.9岁,治疗前汉密顿抑郁量表评分为20.17±5.38;对照组男14例,女16例,年龄36~78岁,平均61.4岁,治疗前汉密顿抑郁量表评分为21.40±4.83。经统计学检验,两组在年龄、性别、抑郁严重程度等方面均无显著差异(P>0.05)。
1.2诊断标准
所有病例均符合全国第四届脑血管病学术会议标准,均经头颅CT或MRI证实。所有患者均采用汉密顿抑郁量表17项版本进行评分,排除严重失语,严重躯体功能障碍及意识障碍患者。
1.3治疗方法
所有病人均进行卒中基础治疗,包括抗凝、降纤、抗血小板聚集、应用脑保护剂、调节血压、血糖及康复治疗等。治疗组服用自拟本发明片剂。药物组成:丹参15g,郁金12g,柴胡13g,川芎13g,制首乌14g,栀子13g,连翘14g,黄芪13g,黄连13g,苍术14g,酸枣仁14g,远志14g,合欢皮13g,石菖蒲12g,钩藤13g,白芍12g,莪术13g,丹皮13g,夜交藤13g,山茱萸14g,砂仁14g,佛手14g,陈皮15g,地龙15g,以上方药每日一剂,水煎2~3次,共约300mL,分早晚两次服。对照组用氟西汀胶囊20mg,日一次口服。两组疗程均为四周。统计学处理:计量资料以x±s表示,均数的比较采用t检验,等级资料用Ridit分析。
1.4疗效标准
根据汉密顿抑郁量表17项版本,治疗后HAMD减分率≥70%为显效,70%~50%为有效,<50%为无效。
2.结果
治疗组30例,显效7例,有效16例,无效7例,总有效率76.67%;对照组30例,显效4例,有效15例,无效11例,总有效率63.33%。两组疗效比较总有效率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。治疗前、后病人HAMD评分变化见附表1。
表1治疗前、后病人HAMD变化
组别 | n | 治疗前 | 治疗后 |
治疗组 | 30 | 20.17±5.38 | 9.57±6.66※ |
对照组 | 30 | 21.40±4.83 | 11.67±7.12※ |
注:与治疗前比较※P<0.01;与对照组相比※P<0.05
3.讨论
卒中后抑郁症属祖国医学郁证范畴,多由情志不舒,肝气郁结,气机失调,心失所养所致,本方以古方为主进行加减而来,方中柴胡舒肝解郁,且有抗抑郁作用,当归、白芍柔肝养血,调和情志,且能稳定患者情绪,促进血液循环;白术、茯苓健脾化湿、运化有权则气机调畅,香附、郁金行气解郁,理气宽胸,酸枣仁益肝,养肝阴,和心神;陈皮理气,配柴胡一升一降则气机调畅;合欢皮安神解郁,《本经》云:“安五脏,和心志,令欢乐无忧”。石菖蒲开窍安神,燥湿化痰,《重庆堂随笔》云:石菖蒲舒心气,畅心神,怡心情,益心志,妙药也;夜交藤补血活血,养心安神。诸药合用,共奏舒肝解郁,健脾养心之功。本研究显示,本发明和氟西汀对卒中后抑郁症均有较明显改善作用,临床疗效无显著差异,中药治疗卒中后抑郁症疗效好且无明显毒副作用,值得临床继续研究及推广应用。
Claims (10)
1.一种治疗脑卒中后抑郁症的中药制剂,其特征在于,所述中药制剂包括以下重量份的原料药:丹参10~20份,郁金10~20份,柴胡10~20份,川芎10~20份,制首乌10~20份,栀子10~20份,连翘10~20份,黄芪10~20份,黄连10~20份,苍术10~20份,酸枣仁10~20份,远志10~20份,合欢皮10~20份,石菖蒲10~20份,钩藤10~20份,白芍10~20份,莪术10~20份,丹皮10~20份,夜交藤10~20份,山茱萸10~20份,砂仁10~20份,佛手10~20份,陈皮10~20份,地龙10~20份。
2.根据权利要求1所述治疗脑卒中后抑郁症的中药制剂,其特征在于,所述中药制剂中包括以下重量份的原料药:丹参10~15份,郁金10~15份,柴胡10~15份,川芎10~15份,制首乌10~15份,栀子10~15份,连翘10~15份,黄芪10~15份,黄连10~15份,苍术10~15份,酸枣仁10~15份,远志10~15份,合欢皮10~20份,石菖蒲10~20份,钩藤10~20份,白芍10~20份,莪术10~20份,丹皮10~20份,夜交藤10~20份,山茱萸10~20份,砂仁10~20份,佛手10~20份,陈皮10~20份,地龙10~20份。
3.根据权利要求1所述治疗脑卒中后抑郁症的中药制剂,其特征在于,所述中药制剂中包括以下重量份的原料药:丹参10~20份,郁金10~20份,柴胡10~20份,川芎10~20份,制首乌10~20份,栀子10~20份,连翘10~20份,黄芪10~20份,黄连10~20份,苍术10~20份,酸枣仁10~20份,远志10~20份,合欢皮10~15份,石菖蒲10~15份,钩藤10~15份,白芍10~15份,莪术10~15份,丹皮10~15份,夜交藤10~15份,山茱萸10~15份,砂仁10~15份,佛手10~15份,陈皮10~15份,地龙10~15份。
4.一种如权利要求1~3中任一项所述治疗脑卒中后抑郁症的中药制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述中药制剂的剂型为口服液剂的制备方法包括:
a、将所有原料药放入乙醇浸泡,热提取2次,为组分1;
b、再将上述步骤提取的药渣加水提取2次,为组分2;
c、最后将组分1与组分2合并,搅拌均匀后浓缩,放入蜂蜜调和,紫外线杀毒装瓶。
5.根据权利要求4所述治疗脑卒中后抑郁症的中药口服液的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤a中,将所有原料药泡入占其质量10倍量的乙醇中1-5小时,加热提取2次,每次1-2小时,去上清液,合并提取液,100-110目滤过,再经截流分子量为6000-10000的超滤柱超滤,超滤液减压浓缩相对密度为80℃时1.36的浸膏待用,为组分1。
6.根据权利要求4所述治疗脑卒中后抑郁症的中药口服液的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤b中,将上述步骤提取的药渣放入水中,浸泡2小时以上,分别加占原料药总质量的8倍量、6倍量的水加热提取2次,提取时间为2小时、1小时;合并2次提取液,提取液通过管式离心,得离心液,离心液过D101大孔树脂进行吸附,先用水洗除杂,然后用70%的乙醇进行洗脱,收集洗脱液,减压浓缩,减压浓缩相对密度为80℃时1.36的浸膏待用,为组分2。
7.根据权利要求4所述治疗脑卒中后抑郁症的中药口服液的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤c中,将上述两种组分合并,回收乙醇,然后置入双效真空浓缩器中,浓缩至80℃时相对密度为1.50的浸膏,置0~5℃低温冷藏24小时;将冷藏液加0.3%的助滤剂硅藻土,过滤,浸膏再置入双效真空浓缩器中,浓缩至每1ml含0.1mg生药量;然后加蜂蜜调和后紫外线杀菌装瓶。
8.一种根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述治疗脑卒中后抑郁症的中药制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制剂的剂型为胶囊剂的制备方法包括:
a.取原料药加入水提取2次,成浸膏状,为组分1;
b.药渣加乙醇浓缩过滤为浸膏状,为组分2;
c.将上述两种浸膏浓缩干燥成干膏,混合粉碎,加糊精适量,制粒,灌装胶囊。
9.根据权利要求8中所述治疗脑卒中后抑郁症的中药胶囊剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤a中,取原料药药加入5-10倍量的水浸泡1-2小时,提取2次;加热提取1-2小时,浓缩至浸膏状,成为组分1。
10.根据权利要求8中所述治疗脑卒中后抑郁症的中药胶囊剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤b中,将水提取过的药渣放入10倍量乙醇中,加热回流提取1次,提取时间为1~2小时,100-120目滤过,再经截流分子量为5000-10000的超滤柱超滤,超滤液减压浓缩相对密度为80℃时1.38的浸膏,加热浓缩30分钟~45分钟,浓缩至浸膏状,静置备用,成为组分2。
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CN106214893A (zh) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-12-14 | 刘福坤 | 一种利用五种针法配合中药治疗抑郁症的方法 |
CN107638544A (zh) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-01-30 | 张衡 | 一种治疗抑郁症的复方中药 |
CN110227150A (zh) * | 2018-03-05 | 2019-09-13 | 上海官爱堂药业有限公司 | 一种地龙血塞通胶囊及其制备方法 |
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CN106214893A (zh) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-12-14 | 刘福坤 | 一种利用五种针法配合中药治疗抑郁症的方法 |
CN107638544A (zh) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-01-30 | 张衡 | 一种治疗抑郁症的复方中药 |
CN110227150A (zh) * | 2018-03-05 | 2019-09-13 | 上海官爱堂药业有限公司 | 一种地龙血塞通胶囊及其制备方法 |
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