CN105496962A - 一种盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体,是由盐酸沙拉沙星、中药提取物、注射用大豆油、磷脂、胆固醇、维生素E和冻干保护剂组成的。本发明还公开了该盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体的制备方法。本发明制备的盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体将中药和盐酸沙拉沙星有机结合,制备成脂质体,可逆转细菌的耐药性,显著增强盐酸沙拉沙星的抗菌功效,降低毒副作用,提高生物利用度,包封率高、粒径分布均匀、稳定性好、半衰期长、有缓释长效作用,主要用于畜禽临床细菌特别是耐药细菌的感染,提高兽医临床治疗效果和养殖的经济效益。本发明的制备方法简单可行,所需设施简单,原料易取,在实际生产中容易实施。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及兽药技术领域,具体涉及一种盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体及其制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,由于抗微生物药物的大量及不合理应用,大多数细菌产生了耐药性,这导致药物临床疗效的降低,甚至无效,感染畜禽的发病率和死亡率明显升高,造成了严重的经济损失。同时,由于劳动力成本的不断提高,畜禽养殖和兽医临床上,亟需缓释长效和治疗效果好的药物。
盐酸沙拉沙星(Sarafloxacinhydrochloride)是动物专用的第三代氟喹诺酮类抗菌药物,具有抗菌谱广,抗菌活性强,对革兰氏阴性菌、革兰氏阳性菌及霉形体等均表现出良好的抗菌作用,尤其是对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、克雷伯氏菌、变形杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌、弯曲杆菌等肠杆菌。盐酸沙拉沙星吸收迅速,代谢快,几乎无残留,与许多抗菌药物无交叉耐药现象。内服和注射后吸收迅速,血清和组织中浓度显著高于对大多数病原菌的最小抑菌浓度值,体内分布广泛,表观分布容积大,口服生物利用度较高,主要用于敏感菌引起的畜禽消化系统、呼吸系统、泌尿道感染和霉形体病的治疗。但盐酸沙拉沙星溶解度小,化学稳定性差,有引湿性。目前,临床常用的剂型主要有盐酸沙拉沙星注射剂、散剂,现有的剂型限制了其使用及药效的发挥。
脂质体是一种双分子层微胶囊,作为一种新型药物制剂,不但能提高药物的溶解性、稳定性,降低药物毒性,还可将药物包裹后定向送到病变部位,提高药物组织器官的靶向性,延长体内代谢时间,减少临床使用次数,提高药物的治疗效果。尚无关于盐酸沙拉沙星脂质体方面的报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种包封率高、稳定性好、半衰期长及生物利用度高的盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体。
本发明的另一目的在于提供了该盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体的制备方法。
本发明的目的是通过如下技术方案实现的:
一种盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体,是由以下重量份的原料组成的:
盐酸沙拉沙星50-100份
中药提取物1-50份
注射用大豆油50-120份
磷脂200-500份
胆固醇60-150份
维生素E5-20份
冻干保护剂100-250份;
所述中药提取物是由以下方法制备得到的:称取中药,粉碎机粉碎,过60-100目筛,混合均匀,置于多功能超声提取机,按1:8-20比例加入纯化水,浸泡1-2h,加热至50-100℃,在200-400W条件下,超声提取0.25-1.0h,提取2-3次,合并提取液,过滤,干燥,即得中药提取物;
所述中药为竹叶柴胡、布渣叶和石见穿中的一种;
所述磷脂为蛋黄卵磷脂、大豆卵磷脂和氢化大豆磷脂中的一种;
所述冻干保护剂为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮或甘露醇。
优选的一种盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体是由以下重量份的原料组成的:
盐酸沙拉沙星70-80份
中药提取物20-30份
注射用大豆油70-100份
磷脂300-400份
胆固醇100-120份
维生素E10-18份
冻干保护剂150-200份。
优选的,中药为竹叶柴胡。
一种盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体的制备方法,是由以下方法制备得到的:
1)将盐酸沙拉沙星微粉化,过100-300目筛,得盐酸沙拉沙星微粉;
2)将盐酸沙拉沙星微粉、中药提取物分散到注射用大豆油中,加入磷脂、胆固醇和维生素E,混合均匀,加入有机溶剂500-2000mL,水浴加热至60-80℃,搅拌使其溶解后置于旋转蒸发仪上旋转蒸发至成膜,减压除去有机溶剂,得盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物膜;
3)将冻干保护剂溶于500-1000mLpH值为7.0-8.0磷酸盐缓冲溶液,混合均匀,得冻干保护液;
4)将冻干保护液加至盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物膜中,旋转搅拌,水化,取出脂质体混悬液置于600-1500bar高压均质3-6次,过0.8μm微孔滤膜,冷冻干燥,即可制得盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体。
所述有机溶剂为无水乙醇、丙酮、异丙醇和氯仿中的一种。
所述水化的温度为40-70℃,水化时间为15-40min。
本发明的有益效果:
1.本发明制备的盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体将中药和盐酸沙拉沙星有机结合,制备成脂质体,可逆转细菌的耐药性,显著增强盐酸沙拉沙星的抗菌功效,降低毒副作用,提高生物利用度,主要用于畜禽临床细菌特别是耐药细菌的感染,提高兽医临床治疗效果和养殖的经济效益。
2.本发明制备的盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体包封率高、粒径分布均匀、稳定性好、半衰期长、有缓释长效作用,可减少用药次数,降低劳动力成本。
3.本发明的盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体的制备方法简单可行,所需设施简单,原料易取,在实际生产中容易实施。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的解释。应当理解的是,以下实施例仅用于解释本发明,而不是限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
一种盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体,是由以下重量份的原料组成的:
盐酸沙拉沙星100份
石见穿提取物1份
注射用大豆油50份
氢化大豆磷脂500份
胆固醇60份
维生素E5份
聚乙烯吡咯烷酮100份;
所述石见穿提取物是由以下方法制备得到的:称取石见穿,粉碎机粉碎,过60目筛,混合均匀,置于多功能超声提取机,按1:20比例加入纯化水,浸泡1h,加热至100℃,在200W条件下,超声提取0.25h,提取2次,合并提取液,过滤,干燥,即得石见穿提取物;
一种盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体的制备方法,是由以下方法制备得到的:
1)将盐酸沙拉沙星微粉化,过300目筛,得盐酸沙拉沙星微粉;
2)将盐酸沙拉沙星微粉、石见穿提取物分散到注射用大豆油中,加入氢化大豆磷脂、胆固醇和维生素E,混合均匀,加入氯仿500mL,水浴加热至80℃,搅拌使其溶解后置于旋转蒸发仪上旋转蒸发至成膜,减压除去氯仿,得盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物膜;
3)将聚乙烯吡咯烷酮溶于1000mL、pH值为8.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液,混合均匀,得冻干保护液;
4)将冻干保护液加至盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物膜中,旋转搅拌,40℃条件下水化40min,取出脂质体混悬液置于1500bar高压均质3次,过0.8μm微孔滤膜,冷冻干燥,即可制得盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体。
实施例2
一种盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体,是由以下重量份的原料组成的:
盐酸沙拉沙星80份
竹叶柴胡提取物20份
注射用大豆油70份
蛋黄卵磷脂400份
胆固醇100份
维生素E10份
甘露醇150份;
所述竹叶柴胡提取物是由以下方法制备得到的:称取竹叶柴胡,粉碎机粉碎,过70目筛,混合均匀,置于多功能超声提取机,按1:16比例加入纯化水,浸泡2h,加热至80℃,在300W条件下,超声提取0.5h,提取3次,合并提取液,过滤,干燥,即得竹叶柴胡提取物;
一种盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体的制备方法,是由以下方法制备得到的:
1)将盐酸沙拉沙星微粉化,过200目筛,得盐酸沙拉沙星微粉;
2)将盐酸沙拉沙星微粉、竹叶柴胡提取物分散到注射用大豆油中,加入蛋黄卵磷脂、胆固醇和维生素E,混合均匀,加入异丙醇1000mL,水浴加热至70℃,搅拌使其溶解后置于旋转蒸发仪上旋转蒸发至成膜,减压除去异丙醇,得盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物膜;
3)将甘露醇溶于800mL、pH值为7.5的磷酸盐缓冲溶液,混合均匀,得冻干保护液;
4)将冻干保护液加至盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物膜中,旋转搅拌,50℃条件下水化30min,取出脂质体混悬液置于1200bar高压均质4次,过0.8μm微孔滤膜,冷冻干燥,即可制得盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体。
实施例3
一种盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体,是由以下重量份的原料组成的:
盐酸沙拉沙星70份
竹叶柴胡提取物30份
注射用大豆油100份
大豆卵磷脂300份
胆固醇120份
维生素E18份
甘露醇200份;
所述竹叶柴胡提取物是由以下方法制备得到的:称取竹叶柴胡,粉碎机粉碎,过90目筛,混合均匀,置于多功能超声提取机,按1:12比例加入纯化水,浸泡1h,加热至70℃,在300W条件下,超声提取0.75h,提取3次,合并提取液,过滤,干燥,即得竹叶柴胡提取物;
一种盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体的制备方法,是由以下方法制备得到的:
1)将盐酸沙拉沙星微粉化,过200目筛,得盐酸沙拉沙星微粉;
2)将盐酸沙拉沙星微粉、竹叶柴胡提取物分散到注射用大豆油中,加入大豆卵磷脂、胆固醇和维生素E,混合均匀,加入丙酮1500mL,水浴加热至70℃,搅拌使其溶解后置于旋转蒸发仪上旋转蒸发至成膜,减压除去丙酮,得盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物膜;
3)将甘露醇溶于600mL、pH值为7.5的磷酸盐缓冲溶液,混合均匀,得冻干保护液;
4)将冻干保护液加至盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物膜中,旋转搅拌,60℃条件下水化25min,取出脂质体混悬液置于900bar高压均质5次,过0.8μm微孔滤膜,冷冻干燥,即可制得盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体。
实施例4
一种盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体,是由以下重量份的原料组成的:
盐酸沙拉沙星50份
布渣叶提取物50份
注射用大豆油120份
蛋黄卵磷脂200份
胆固醇150份
维生素E20份
聚乙烯吡咯烷酮250份;
所述布渣叶提取物是由以下方法制备得到的:称取布渣叶,粉碎机粉碎,过100目筛,混合均匀,置于多功能超声提取机,按1:8比例加入纯化水,浸泡2h,加热至50℃,在400W条件下,超声提取1.0h,提取2次,合并提取液,过滤,干燥,即得布渣叶提取物;
一种盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体的制备方法,是由以下方法制备得到的:
1)将盐酸沙拉沙星微粉化,过100目筛,得盐酸沙拉沙星微粉;
2)将盐酸沙拉沙星微粉、布渣叶提取物分散到注射用大豆油中,加入蛋黄卵磷脂、胆固醇和维生素E,混合均匀,加入无水乙醇2000mL,水浴加热至60℃,搅拌使其溶解后置于旋转蒸发仪上旋转蒸发至成膜,减压除去无水乙醇,得盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物膜;
3)将聚乙烯吡咯烷酮溶于500mL、pH值为7.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液,混合均匀,得冻干保护液;
4)将冻干保护液加至盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物膜中,旋转搅拌,70℃条件下水化15min,取出脂质体混悬液置于600bar高压均质6次,过0.8μm微孔滤膜,冷冻干燥,即可制得盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体。
包封率试验
准确称取实施例1-4制备的盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体50mg,加磷酸盐缓冲液50mL溶解,加至预先溶胀的葡聚糖凝胶G-50柱顶部,用磷酸盐缓冲液洗脱,收集滤液,置于容量瓶中,用甲醇定容至刻度,采用高效液相色谱法测定盐酸沙拉沙星含量M1,同时测定上述盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体磷酸盐缓冲液中盐酸沙拉沙星总含量M。按下式计算包封率:包封率=系统中包封的药量(M1)/系统中包封与未包封的总药量(M)×100%,结果见表1。
表1盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体的包封率
由表1可知,实施例1-4制备的盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体的包封率高。
稳定性试验
1)加速试验
取实施例1-4制备的盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体密封于西林瓶中,在40℃(RH75±5%)的条件下药品稳定性试验箱中放置6个月,于第1、2、3、6个月末分别取样一次,考察盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体外观变化,并进行包封率的测定,结果如表2所示。
表2盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体加速试验结果
2)强光照射试验
取实施例1-4制备的盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体密封于西林瓶中,密封,于光照强度为4500±500lx的条件下药品稳定性试验箱内放置10天,于第5、10天定时取样,考察盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体的外观变化,并进行包封率测定,结果见表3。
表3盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体强光照射试验结果
由表2和表3结果可知,实施例1-4制备的盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体经过加速试验或强光照射试验的外观形态、包封率均变化不大,具有较高的稳定性。
对大肠杆菌的药效试验
试验菌株与动物:大肠杆菌标准菌株ATCC2599、鸡大肠杆菌菌株;自然感染大肠杆菌的AA肉鸡300只。
试验方法:分为对照组和实验组,其中对照组1使用盐酸沙拉沙星、对照组2使用实施例2制备的竹叶柴胡提取物,实验组1-4使用实施例1-4制备的盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体,分别将对照组1和实验组1-4配制成盐酸沙拉沙星浓度为0.31ug/mL、对照组2的竹叶柴胡提取物浓度为250ug/mL,采用管碟法测定药物对大肠杆菌标准菌株ATCC2599、鸡大肠杆菌菌株的抑菌效果,根据抑菌圈直径(mm)的大小确定对药物的敏感性,抑菌圈直径小于10mm为耐药,10-15mm为中度敏感,15mm以上为高度敏感。试验结果如表4所示。
表4对鸡大肠杆菌的抑菌试验结果
注:N表示无抗菌活性。
由表4可知,大肠杆菌标准菌株对实验组1-4和对照组1高度敏感,对照组2无抗菌活性;鸡大肠杆菌对对照组1产生了耐药性,对照组2无抗菌活性,对实验组1-4敏感。该结果说明实施例1-4制备的盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体具有抗耐药菌的作用。
将300只自然感染大肠杆菌的AA肉鸡随机分成6组,每组50只,对照组1肌肉普通注射盐酸沙拉沙星注射液,对照组2肌肉注射实施例2制备的竹叶柴胡提取物,实验组1-4肌肉注射实施例1-4制备的盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体,注射剂量均为10mg/Kg体重,每天1次,连用5天,观察治疗效果。凡在试验期间经治疗,临床症状消失,粪便、饮食欲及精神恢复正常为治愈;症状明显减轻,粪便、饮食欲及精神有好转(包括治愈)的为有效;凡是有典型大肠杆菌腹泻症状,经治疗无好转或死亡,剖检及细菌分离培养鉴定为大肠杆菌感染的为无效。试验结果如表5所示。
表5对鸡大肠杆菌的治疗效果
由表5可知,对照组1对鸡大肠杆菌的治愈率为6%,有效率为10%;对照组2对鸡大肠杆菌无任何治疗效果;实验组1-4对鸡大肠杆菌的治愈率为84%、90%、94%、88%,有效率为92%、96%、98%、94%。说明实施例1-4制备的盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体对鸡大肠杆菌具有显著的临床治疗效果。
家兔体内药物代谢动学研究
试验药品:盐酸沙拉沙星注射液、实施例2制备的盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体。
试验动物:新西兰兔20只,健康无病,体重2.5-3kg左右,公、母各半,喂以不含药物的全价配合饲料。预饲1周。给药前禁食12h,自由饮水,给药后4h,让其自由采食。
试验方法:将20头新西兰兔随机分成对照组和实验组,每组10只,对照组肌肉普通注射盐酸沙拉沙星注射液,实验组肌肉注射实施例2制备的盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体,注射剂量均为10mg/Kg体重。分别在5min、10min、15min、30min、1h、2h、3h、4h、6h、8h、12h、24h、48h、72h、96h从家兔耳缘静脉采血2mL,放入含肝素钠的离心管中,于3000r/min离心10min,分离出血浆,取血浆放置2.0mL的离心管中(-20℃保存)。采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定血样的血药浓度,采用DAS3.0软件拟合处理,得出相关药物代谢动力学参数,试验结果见表6。
表6家兔体内药物代谢动学研究结果
组别 | 盐酸沙拉沙星达峰浓度Cmax(μg/mL) | 盐酸沙拉沙星达峰时间Tmax(h) | 盐酸沙拉沙星消除半衰期T1/2β(h) |
对照组 | 1.67 | 0.42 | 4.01 |
实验组 | 1.21 | 5.19 | 16.38 |
由表6可知,本发明制备的盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体具有缓释长效作用,可使药物在动物机体内代谢时间延长4倍以上。
Claims (6)
1.一种盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体,其特征在于,是由以下重量份的原料组成的:
盐酸沙拉沙星50-100份
中药提取物1-50份
注射用大豆油50-120份
磷脂200-500份
胆固醇60-150份
维生素E5-20份
冻干保护剂100-250份;
所述中药提取物是由以下方法制备得到的:称取中药,粉碎机粉碎,过60-100目筛,混合均匀,置于多功能超声提取机,按1:8-20比例加入纯化水,浸泡1-2h,加热至50-100℃,在200-400W条件下,超声提取0.25-1.0h,提取2-3次,合并提取液,过滤,干燥,即得中药提取物;
所述中药为竹叶柴胡、布渣叶和石见穿中的一种;
所述磷脂为蛋黄卵磷脂、大豆卵磷脂和氢化大豆磷脂中的一种;
所述冻干保护剂为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮或甘露醇。
2.根据权利要求1所述的盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体,其特征在于,所述盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体是由以下重量份的原料组成的:
盐酸沙拉沙星70-80份
中药提取物20-30份
注射用大豆油70-100份
磷脂300-400份
胆固醇100-120份
维生素E10-18份
冻干保护剂150-200份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体,其特征在于,所述中药为竹叶柴胡。
4.一种权利要求1-3任一项所述的盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体的制备方法,其特征在于,是由以下方法制备得到的:
1)将盐酸沙拉沙星微粉化,过100-300目筛,得盐酸沙拉沙星微粉;
2)将盐酸沙拉沙星微粉、中药提取物、注射用大豆油、磷脂、胆固醇和维生素E,加入有机溶剂500-2000mL,水浴加热至60-80℃,搅拌使其溶解后置于旋转蒸发仪上旋转蒸发至成膜,减压除去有机溶剂,得盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物膜;
3)将冻干保护剂溶于500-1000mLpH值为7.0-8.0磷酸盐缓冲溶液,混合均匀,得冻干保护液;
4)将冻干保护液加至盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物膜中,旋转搅拌,水化,取出脂质体混悬液置于600-1500bar高压均质3-6次,过0.8μm微孔滤膜,冷冻干燥,即可制得盐酸沙拉沙星中药提取物脂质体。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述有机溶剂为无水乙醇、丙酮、异丙醇和氯仿中的一种。
6.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述水化的温度为40-70℃,水化时间为15-40min。
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