CN105489368A - 钕铁硼永磁体的制备方法 - Google Patents

钕铁硼永磁体的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105489368A
CN105489368A CN201511005844.6A CN201511005844A CN105489368A CN 105489368 A CN105489368 A CN 105489368A CN 201511005844 A CN201511005844 A CN 201511005844A CN 105489368 A CN105489368 A CN 105489368A
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徐力
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NINGBO ELECTRIC POWER DESIGN INSTITUTE CO., LTD.
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    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
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    • H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
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    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
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    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
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    • H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
    • H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
    • H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
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    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
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    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
    • H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
    • H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
    • H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
    • H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
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    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy

Abstract

本发明公开了一种钕铁硼永磁体的制备方法，依次包括备料、成型、烧结、装配等步骤。该制备方法中，所采用的原料组分较为合理，不仅主要的钕、铁、硼的组分比例较为合理，且涵盖了其他能够促进磁体性能的微量元素、稀土元素，确保制备永磁体的性能较优。同时，成型方式合理，确保粉体具有合适含氧量，且分体式的外坯体和内坯体为烧结的均匀性提供了基础。以及，烧结时并非简单的采用真空或惰性气体确保表面氧化程度较低，而是通过石墨粉隔绝空气、间歇性通入氩气等方式，使烧结较为均匀、彻底，氧化较少从而变形极小。如此，确保了永磁体具有极佳的性能。

Description

钕铁硼永磁体的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及永磁体制备技术领域，尤其是涉及一种钕铁硼永磁体的制备方法。
背景技术
钕铁硼永磁体是稀土永磁材料发展的最新结果，其具有优异的磁性能而被称为“磁王”。钕铁硼磁性材料是镨钕金属，硼铁等的合金。又称磁钢。钕铁硼具有极高的磁能积和矫力，同时高能量密度的优点使钕铁硼永磁材料在现代工业和电子技术中获得了广泛应用，从而使仪器仪表、电声电机、磁选磁化等设备的小型化、轻量化、薄型化成为可能。
然而，钕铁硼永磁体并不是材料的简单堆积，其制备的每个工序均极为重要，否则即可能造成废品。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种钕铁硼永磁体的制备方法，它具有所制备的永磁体性能较佳的特点。
本发明所采用的技术方案是：钕铁硼永磁体的制备方法，依次包括以下步骤：
(1)备料
以百分重量比计，该钕铁硼永磁体的原料包括：镨钕29～30％，镝铁1～3％，钆铁1～3％，硼铁5～5.2％，铌铁0.3-0.5％，钴1～1.5％，镓0.1～0.2％，铝1～1.2％，铜0.1～0.2％，锶0.1～0.2％，锆0.1～0.2％，余量为铁；
(2)成型
将前述原料放入充有氩气的速凝炉中，加热至1550℃～1600℃，使钕铁硼原料熔化，然后浇铸并冷却；之后，将冷却后的钕铁硼材料与氢气反应至吸氢饱和，然后脱氢，脱氢后氧含量为600～750ppm；之后，将脱氢后的钕铁硼材料制成粒径为2～2.5μm的粉体；之后，将粉体放入模具中，施以1～1.5Kpa的压力制成能够配合的外坯体和内坯体，该外坯体具有通透的内腔，该内坯体过盈配合的插在该内腔中；
(3)烧结
将外坯体和内坯体分别包裹于粒径为15～50μm的石墨粉中，然后将包裹于石墨粉中的外坯体和内坯体放置入烧结炉中烧结，烧结温度为1050℃～1060℃，烧结期间间歇性的通入氩气，且通入方法为通入20～30s、停止10～15s，周而复始，烧结持续时间为15～20min，然后取出外坯体和内坯体室温冷却；
(4)装配
将内坯体插在外坯体内即可。
优化的，以百分重量比计，所述钕铁硼永磁体的原料包括：镨钕29.5％，镝铁2％，钆铁2％，硼铁5.1％，铌铁0.4％，钴1.3％，镓0.15％，铝1.1％，铜0.15％，锶0.15％，锆0.15％，余量为铁。
本发明所具有的优点是：所制备的永磁体性能较佳。本发明的钕铁硼永磁体的制备方法中，所采用的原料组分较为合理，不仅主要的钕、铁、硼的组分比例较为合理，且涵盖了其他能够促进磁体性能的微量元素、稀土元素，确保制备永磁体的性能较优。同时，成型方式合理，确保粉体具有合适含氧量，且分体式的外坯体和内坯体为烧结的均匀性提供了基础。以及，烧结时并非简单的采用真空或惰性气体确保表面氧化程度较低，而是通过石墨粉隔绝空气、间歇性通入氩气等方式，使烧结较为均匀、彻底，氧化较少从而变形极小。如此，确保了永磁体具有极佳的性能。
具体实施方式
实施例，钕铁硼永磁体的制备方法，依次包括以下步骤：
(1)备料
以百分重量比计，该钕铁硼永磁体的原料包括：镨钕29～30％，镝铁1～3％，钆铁1～3％，硼铁5～5.2％，铌铁0.3-0.5％，钴1～1.5％，镓0.1～0.2％，铝1～1.2％，铜0.1～0.2％，锶0.1～0.2％，锆0.1～0.2％，余量为铁。比如，以百分重量比计，该钕铁硼永磁体的原料包括：镨钕29％，镝铁1％，钆铁1％，硼铁5％，铌铁0.3％，钴1％，镓0.1％，铝1％，铜0.1％，锶0.1％，锆0.1％，余量为铁；或者，以百分重量比计，该钕铁硼永磁体的原料包括：镨钕29.5％，镝铁2％，钆铁2％，硼铁5.1％，铌铁0.4％，钴1.3％，镓0.15％，铝1.1％，铜0.15％，锶0.15％，锆0.15％，余量为铁；或者，以百分重量比计，该钕铁硼永磁体的原料包括：镨钕30％，镝铁3％，钆铁3％，硼铁5.2％，铌铁0.5％，钴1.5％，镓0.2％，铝1.2％，铜0.2％，锶0.2％，锆0.2％，余量为铁。前述元素组分可以从合金材料中取得。
(2)成型
将前述原料放入充有氩气的速凝炉中，加热至1550℃～1600℃，使钕铁硼原料熔化，然后浇铸并冷却。比如，加热至1550℃、1575℃或1600℃。
之后，将冷却后的钕铁硼材料与氢气反应至吸氢饱和，然后脱氢，脱氢后氧含量为600～750ppm。比如，含氧量为600、650或750ppm。其中，吸氢饱和脱氢均可采用常用的方式，不再赘述。
之后，将脱氢后的钕铁硼材料制成粒径为2～2.5μm的粉体。比如，粉体的粒径为2、2.2或2.5μm。
之后，将粉体放入模具中，施以1～1.5Kpa的压力制成能够配合的外坯体和内坯体。比如，施加的压力为1、1.3或1.5Kpa。该外坯体具有通透的内腔，该内坯体过盈配合的插在该内腔中。
(3)烧结
将外坯体和内坯体分别包裹于粒径为15～50μm的石墨粉中。比如，石墨粉的平均粒径为15、30或50μm。然后将包裹于石墨粉中的外坯体和内坯体放置入烧结炉中烧结，烧结温度为1050℃～1060℃。比如，烧结温度为1050℃、1055℃或1060℃。烧结期间间歇性的通入氩气，且通入方法为通入20～30s，停止10～15s，周而复始。比如，通入方法为通入20s，停止105s，周而复始；或者，通入方法为通入25s，停止13s，周而复始；或者，通入方法为通入30s，停止15s，周而复始。烧结持续时间为15～20min。比如，持续时间为15、18或20min。然后取出外坯体和内坯体室温冷却。
(4)装配
将内坯体插在外坯体内即可。当然，内坯体外表面上可以涂有胶粘层。而且，为了顺利插入，可以对内坯体进行适当的切削处理。
经测试，采用本发明的方法制备的永磁体的性能参数中：Br平均值为14.6KGs、Hcb平均值为13.6KA、Hcj的平均值为13KA/m、(BH)max为53KJ/m3、HK/Hc的平均值为0.98j、密度的平均值为7.5，属于较佳水平。同时，成品的每一个面上的变形量均低于0.3mm。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (2)

1.钕铁硼永磁体的制备方法，依次包括以下步骤：
(1)备料
以百分重量比计，该钕铁硼永磁体的原料包括：镨钕29～30％，镝铁1～3％，钆铁1～3％，硼铁5～5.2％，铌铁0.3-0.5％，钴1～1.5％，镓0.1～0.2％，铝1～1.2％，铜0.1～0.2％，锶0.1～0.2％，锆0.1～0.2％，余量为铁；
(2)成型
将前述原料放入充有氩气的速凝炉中，加热至1550℃～1600℃，使钕铁硼原料熔化，然后浇铸并冷却；之后，将冷却后的钕铁硼材料与氢气反应至吸氢饱和，然后脱氢，脱氢后氧含量为600～750ppm；之后，将脱氢后的钕铁硼材料制成粒径为2～2.5μm的粉体；之后，将粉体放入模具中，施以1～1.5Kpa的压力制成能够配合的外坯体和内坯体，该外坯体具有通透的内腔，该内坯体过盈配合的插在该内腔中；
(3)烧结
将外坯体和内坯体分别包裹于粒径为15～50μm的石墨粉中，然后将包裹于石墨粉中的外坯体和内坯体放置入烧结炉中烧结，烧结温度为1050℃～1060℃，烧结期间间歇性的通入氩气，且通入方法为通入20～30s，停止10～15s，周而复始，烧结持续时间为15～20min，然后取出外坯体和内坯体室温冷却；
(4)装配
将内坯体插在外坯体内即可。
2.根据权利要求1所述的钕铁硼永磁体的制备方法，其特征在于：以百分重量比计，所述钕铁硼永磁体的原料包括：镨钕29.5％，镝铁2％，钆铁2％，硼铁5.1％，铌铁0.4％，钴1.3％，镓0.15％，铝1.1％，铜0.15％，锶0.15％，锆0.15％，余量为铁。
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