CN1054889C - 一种稀土永磁材料及其制品 - Google Patents
一种稀土永磁材料及其制品 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1054889C CN1054889C CN 94110243 CN94110243A CN1054889C CN 1054889 C CN1054889 C CN 1054889C CN 94110243 CN94110243 CN 94110243 CN 94110243 A CN94110243 A CN 94110243A CN 1054889 C CN1054889 C CN 1054889C
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical group [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005551 mechanical alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- QMQXDJATSGGYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidyneiron Chemical compound [C].[Fe] QMQXDJATSGGYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001683 neutron diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 nitrogenous compound Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一种稀土永磁材料,该永磁材料以R(FeT)12-yXy化合物为主相,其中R为稀土,T为过渡金属,X为硼和/或碳,y在0.05~4.0之间,其合金的成份范围在:稀土:4.0~10.0at%;铁和其它过渡金属:61.0~95.0at%;碳和(或)硼:0.385~30.5at%。本发明还提供的一种稀土永磁材料制品,其是以上述永磁材料为基经渗氮、渗氢、渗碳形成新化合物制备的磁粉或磁体。本发明较已有的1∶12型化合物有更好的磁性能。
Description
本发明涉及稀土永磁材料及其制品,特别是以1∶12型化合物为主相的稀土永磁材料。
尽管Nd-Fe-B永磁体具有高饱和磁能积等良好的磁性能,其居里温度低的弱点限制了这种材料的应用范围。例如有关Nd-Fe-B的专利JP昭62-170455,JP昭62-151541,JP昭62-152108,JP昭62-149108,JP昭62-139641,JP昭62-124702,JP昭60-159152,JP昭60-204862,JP昭60-144906,JP昭60-321208,JP昭62-177149,JP昭62-174905等。
近年来,世界范围内探索新型永磁材料的进展迅速。但有关的工作主要集中在2∶17,2∶14∶1型三元化合物。其中R2Fe17Nx型化合物的发现开辟了探索新型化合物的新途径,研究发现氮(或碳)作为间隙原子进入2∶17晶格会极大地提高化合物的居里温度和磁晶各向异性。由于含氮化合物在高温分解,以及特殊的渗氮过程限制了R2Fe17Nx的应用。这方面的研究工作有待一新的突破。
纯RFe12化合物通常不能形成,需添加一些其它过渡金属元素Ti、V、Cr、Mo、Si等才能形成。由于非磁性元素的添加,导致这种化合物的磁性的降低。
本发明的目的在于提供一种以1∶12型化合物为主相的稀土永磁材料,其较已有的1∶12型化合物有更好的磁性能。
本发明提供了一种以1∶12型化合物为主相的稀土永磁材料,其特征在于:该永磁材料以R(FeT)12-yXy化合物为主相,其中稀土R为Y,Ce,Pr,Nd,Pn,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,Lu中任一元素或数种元素。其它过渡金属T为Sc,Ti,V,Cr,Mn,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Ga,Al,Si,Ge,Zr,Nb,Mo,Sn,Sb,Ta,W,Tl,Bi中任一元素或数种元素,X为硼和/或碳,y在0.05~4.0之间,其合金的成份范围在:
稀土:4.0~10.0at%
铁和其它过渡金属:61.0~95.0at%
碳和(或)硼:0.385~30.5at%
将纯稀土、纯铁、纯过渡金属、纯碳或纯硼(或铁碳或铁硼合金),考虑碳和硼的替代效应,按1∶12成份配料后熔炼,即可得主相为R(FeT)12-yXy的合金,经800~1000℃处理1~30天即可得单相化合物。如初始成份在上述标准成份附近则可获得主相为R(FeT)12-yXy的合金。无论是单相或多相的样品都可作为优良永磁材料的初始材料。永磁体的制备可通过粉末烧结、快淬或机械合金化方法制备。本发明由于用碳和硼替代过渡金属原子作为稳定元素稳定1∶12相,可使1∶12相的各项磁性能得到普遍提高,下面通过实施例详述本发明。
附图1为YFe10V1.5C0.5和SmFe10V1.5C0.5化合物的X光谱线;
附图2为YFe10V1.5C0.5和SmFe10V1.5C0.5化合物的交流磁化率曲线:
附图3为SmFe10V1.5C0.5化合物4.2K的磁化曲线;
附图4为NdFe10Mo1.5C0.5化合物的磁化强度温度曲线;
附图5为NdFe10V1.5B0.5和SmFe10V1.5B0.5化合物的X光谱线;
附图6为SmFe10V1.5C0.5化合物4.2K的磁化曲线。
实施例1 RFe10T1.5C0.5(R=Y,Nd,Sm;T=V,Mo,Cr)化合物的磁性
将纯稀土、纯铁、纯过渡金属、纯碳按上述成份配料后熔炼,可得主相为RRFe10T1.5C0.5的合金,经800~1000℃处理1~30天得到单相化合物,其中的Sm、Y化合物X光谱线见图1。由图2可以看出其有较高的居里温度。图3显示其有高的饱和磁化强度和磋各向异性。图4表明NdFe10Mo1.5C0.5化合物有一自施再取向转变。
实施例2 RFe10T1.5B0.5(R=Y,Nd,Sm;T=V,Mo,Cr)化合物的结构和磁性
将纯稀土、纯铁、纯过渡金属、纯硼按上述成份配料后熔炼,可得主相为RFe10T1.5B0.5的合金,经800~1000℃,处理1~30天得到单相化合物见图5,由图6可见其有高的饱和磁化强度和磁各向异性。
实施例3 YFe11.01Ti0.805C0.189和YFe11.17Ti0.3915B0.4385化合物的原子占位的确定
试样制法同实施例1,用中子衍射实验对YFe11.01Ti0.805C0.189和YFe11.17Ti0.3915B0.4385化合物的原子占位进行了确定,得出碳和硼原子占据(8i)和(8f)替代位置,替代过渡金属原子,仅有少量占据(2b)间隙位置,晶格常数分别a=0.8565nm,c=0.4821nm,c=0.4815nm。
实施例4 以SmFe10Ti1.5C0.5为基的永磁体
首先用实施例1所述方法制得以SmFe10Ti1.5C0.5为基的合金,采用球磨的办法,使其粒度达71μm以下。经磁性能测定得Tc=360℃,Mr=1.05KGs,iHc=9.5KOe,(BH)max=18KGOe。
实施例5 RFe10Cr0.5C0.5的永磁性能
将含有Ce、Sm、Nd、Pn、Gd和Dy等的混合稀土与其它原料,按上述成份配制成样品,可制得居里温度Tc=400℃,剩磁Mr=8.5KGs,矫顽力iHc≥20KOe,磁能积(BH)max=12.5MGOe的磁粉。
实施例6 SmFe11Ti0.2V0.3B0.5的永磁性
将原料按上述成份配制成样品,按研磨工艺可制得居里温度Tc=380℃,剩磁Mr=10.5KGs,矫顽力iHc=9KOe,磁能积(BH)max=20MGOe的磁粉。
实施例7 SmFe10VB0.5C0.5的永磁性能
将原料按上述成份配制成样品,按粉末冶金烧结工艺,可得居里温度Tc=350℃,剩磁Mr=10.5KGs,矫顽力iHc=11KOe,磁能积(BH)max>18.5MGOe的永磁体。
实施例8 NdFe10Ti1.5B0.5为基合金的永磁性能
将原料按上述成份配制成样品,采用粉末研磨渗氮获得了Tc=470℃,Mr=1.0KGs,iHc=8.8KOe,(BH)max=15.5MGOe的磁粉。
比较例
将RFe10V1.5C0.5、RFe10V1.5B0.5与RFe10V2化合物的结构和磁性进行比较,如表1和表2,可见含磁硼1∶12型的化合物具有优良的内禀磁性。
表1
R 合金 晶格常数 Tc ΔTc
a(A) c(A) (K) (K)
Sm Sm(FeVC)12 8.5351 4.7726 612 9
Sm(FeVB)12 8.535 4.7715 632 29
SmFe10V2 8.5363 4.7722 603
Y Y(FeVC)12 8.4936 4.7718 547 13
Y(FeVB)12 8.5073 4.7526 568 34
YFe10V2 8.4949 4.7722 534
表2合金 Ms μR μFe μM BA BFOMP
(μB/f.u) (μB) (μB) (μB) (T) (T)Sm(FeVC)12 19.25 0.71 1.857 1.54 18 11.0Sm(FeVB)12 19.2 0.71 1.85 1.54 22 11.5SmFe10V2 19.2 0.71 1.85 1.54 15 11.0Y(FeVC)12 16.42 0 1.642 1.37 4.5Y(FeVB)12 16.9 0 1.69 1.4 4.2YFe10V2 15.9 0 1.59 1.3 3.6
Claims (2)
1.一种稀土永磁材料,其特征在于:该永磁材料以R(FeT)12-yXy化合物为主相,其中稀土R为Y,Ce,Pr,Nd,Pn,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,Lu中任一元素或数种元素;其它过渡金属T为Sc,Ti,V,Cr,Mn,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Ga,Al,Si,Ge,Zr,Nb,Mo,Sn,Sb,Ta,W,Tl,Bi中任一元素或数种元素,X为硼和/或碳,y在0.05~4.0之间,其合金的成份范围在:
稀土:4.0~10.0at%
铁和其它过渡金属:61.0~95.0at%
碳和(或)硼:0.385~30.5at%。
2.一种稀土永磁材料制品,其特征在于:该永磁材料制品是以权利要求1所述永磁材料为基经渗氮、渗氢、渗碳形成新化合物制备的磁粉或磁体。
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CN1113964A CN1113964A (zh) | 1995-12-27 |
CN1054889C true CN1054889C (zh) | 2000-07-26 |
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CN104444753A (zh) * | 2014-11-17 | 2015-03-25 | 常熟市永固起重设备安装工程有限公司 | 一种磁力吊 |
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