CN105474455A - 用于使二次电池组运行的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于使二次电池组(1、4)运行的方法,所述二次电池组(1、4)包括多个彼此接线的、可跨接的电池组子单元(A、B),所述二次电池组(1、4)被布置在可电驱动的运输工具、尤其是船舶的容纳空间(3)中,其特征在于,针对每个电池组子单元(A、B)检测其可达性,并且所述电池组子单元(A、B)的激活根据电池组子单元的相应的可达性来进行。
Description
背景技术
在可电驱动的运输工具、尤其是船舶(Seefarhzeuge)中采用具有多个电地彼此接线的(verschaltet)二次电池组电池(Sekundaerbatteriezelle)的电池组系统,尤其是以便给运输工具的电驱动设备供给电能。对此,电池组系统的由二次电池组电池所构成的二次电池组被布置在运输工具上的为此所设置的容纳空间(Aufnahmeraum)中。
诸如可以从出版文献“TentativeRulesforBatteryPower”(DNVChips/Highspeed,LightCraftandNavelsSurfaceCraft,第6部分,第28章)得知的那样,有关于船舶的电池组容纳空间的构建方案方面的考虑。这些考虑涉及乘务员、船舶和乘客的安全性并且定期地通过危险估计而被提供证据,所述危险估计包括多个步骤、诸如关于电池组容纳空间的危险的测定和风险的评价。
相对应的考虑也已经在自动化领域中开始做,诸如在用来描述用于二次电池组的系统的CN102593400A中所描述的那样,根据该系统,二次电池组可以被这样安装在运输工具中,使得该二次电池组易于维修。
诸如JP2009277394A表明的那样,其它的考虑也已经在用于电存储设施的大的电池组包(Batteriepack)的领域中开始做。根据这些考虑,电池组壳体被采用并且被这样构建,使得被布置在电池组壳体中的二次电池组电池为了其维修是可到达的(zugaenglich),其中这些电池组壳体此外还具有合适的热辐射特性。
WO2011/065639A1公开了一种电池组包,所述电池组包应该通过提供一系列电池组容纳装置使得电池组的简单的维修和制造能够实现,完整的二次电池组或者二次电池组电池可以被插入到所述电池组容纳装置中。
电池组系统的维修尤其是在船舶中可能是困难的,因为二次电池组的一些电池组电池或者二次电池组的由电池组电池所构成的子单元由于船舶的船身的构建方案的限制以高概率被布置在船舶的电池组容纳空间的对于维修人员难以到达的区域中。而二次电池组的其它的电池组电池或子单元可以被布置在电池组容纳空间的可轻易到达的区域中。
在海洋环境中,电池组系统的可达性(Zugaenglichkeit)和维修与一系列特定的困难相关,这些困难此外还归功于可包括十二个或者更多子单元的电池组系统的给定的大小、电池组系统的必要的长的使用寿命、要满足的一系列运行要求的需要以及电池组系统在船舶中的使用地点(Einsatzort),其中所述一系列运行要求中的有些运行要求例如在船舶的危险情况下可能位于电池组系统的针对最优的使用寿命和性能的所推荐的运行界限之外,所述电池组系统在船舶中的使用地点可位于船舶的难以到达的区域中。
发明内容
本发明的主题是一种用于使二次电池组运行(Betreiben)的方法,其中所述二次电池组包括多个彼此接线的、可跨接(ueberbrueckbar)的电池组子单元,所述二次电池组被布置在可电驱动的运输工具、尤其是船舶的容纳空间中,其特征在于,针对每个电池组子单元检测其可达性,并且所述电池组子单元的激活根据电池组子单元的相应的可达性而进行。
按照本发明,电池组子单元的相应的可达性在二次电池组运行时被考虑,对此事先测定(ermitteln)电池组子单元的相应的可达性。可达性的测定可以通过测量或者通过理论计算而进行。
被布置在运输工具的容纳空间中的二次电池组的电池组子单元的可达性是对于如下花费的量度:所述花费是为了替换或者维护电池组子单元所必要的。该花费可以以一个或者多个参数的形式、诸如要花费的时间、要花费的成本或者这一类的被测量。按照本发明,因此电池组子单元通过它们可以如何有效地被替换或被维护而被分级。例如,如果电池组子单元对于维护人员来说在没有特定的设备的情况下是直接可到达的,那么该电池组子单元可以具有针对可达性的低的值。如果电池组子单元由维护人员经过有限的爬行空间(Kriechraeume)是可到达的,那么可以存在针对该电池组子单元的可达性的较高的值,这可以使维护所需的时间例如加倍。如果接近电池组子单元仅仅在使用用于至少部分拆卸二次电池组的特定设备的情况下是可能的,那么可以得出针对该电池组子单元的可达性的高的值。
针对被布置在运输工具的容纳空间中的二次电池组的电池组子单元的可达性的值可以在使用一系列准则的情况下在理论上被测定,所述一系列准则可以包括例如在试航期间检测到的开始运转数据、例如包括电池组空间的设计连同电池组子单元的定位或容纳的CAD数据或者手动输入的数据。电池组制造商可以要求电池组子单元的可达性的特定的等级,所述特定的等级表示电池组子单元的可达性的不同的所限定的可能性并且所述特定的等级可以涌入(einfliessen)船舶的开发过程中。
被布置在运输工具的容纳空间中的二次电池组的电池组子单元的可达性的值可以被存储在数据库中,所述数据库可以构成如下处理系统的部分:所述处理系统与对于电池组管理系统(Batterie-Management-System)、电池组制造商、舵手、船主或者这一类的可以是可接入的网络相连。
电池组子单元在本发明的范围内可以是单个电池组电池、由多个可跨接的电池组电池构成的串联电路或者具有多个彼此接线的、可跨接的电池组电池的电池组模块。这些电池组子单元可以是单独地可控制的和/或可调节的。每个电池组子单元都可以被设立为能够被电地嵌入到二次电池组中或者与该二次电池组分开(跨接),对此可存在合适的开关装置。这种开关装置可以是用于使电池组子单元动态平衡的电路的部分。
在数据库中,可以按照预先给定的数目的准则把字段(Felder)分类并且按顺序排列。所记录的针对电池组子单元的可达性的值可以包括一个以上的字段。所有的具有针对电池组子单元的可达性的值的字段可以被用于确定分别关联的字段在该顺序之内的级别(Rang)。例如可以使用字段,以便描述在二次电池组之内的不同的电池组类型的不同的功率系数。快速进行充电的电池组子单元在二次电池组之内可以被区别于普通的进行充电的电池组子单元,使得如果再充电时间或再充电功率是有限的(诸如在快速驶回的渡船的情况下),那么所述快速进行充电的电池组子单元针对充电过程可以按优先序排列(priorisieren)。
附加地,对于用于每个电池组子单元的二次电池组的运行可以检测其可用性,其中电池组子单元的激活附加地根据电池组子单元的相应的可用性而进行。
按照有利的构建方案,具有高的可达性的电池组子单元比具有低的可达性的电池组子单元更频繁地被激活。对此,基于电池组子单元的相应的可达性,电池组子单元的可达性顺序可以被确定。电池组子单元的可达性的值的记录可以按照在数据库之内的分别所属的字段的值而被分级。如果所述字段的改变是有极大可能的,那么分级同样可以动态地进行。分级的结果可以或者被存储为在单独的数据库中的附加的字段,被存储为用于每次记录可达性值的附加的字段或者被存储为用于稍后由电池组管理系统使用的可替换的装置。如果二次电池组必须以对于它的电池组子单元的使用寿命或者其它性能特性来说是次优(sub-optimal)的这种方式和方法运行,那么各个电池组子单元的使用可以被这样控制,使得可最简单地到达的电池组子单元在激活电池组子单元时被按优先序排列。在电池组子单元的被测定的可达性顺序和随后的按优先序排列之间可以将1:1关联(Zuordnung)作为最简单的转换而实现。其它的方法可以将可达性顺序用作输入量,以便确定关联。如果船舶在吸收/排出压舱水的情况下必须进行用于避免碰撞的深垂测量(Lotmessung),所述吸收/排出压舱水使二次电池组超过所推荐的运行界限,那么例如可以进行对二次电池组的相对应的控制。在这种情况下,可最简单地到达的电池组子单元的充电/放电可以被按优先序排列。电池组管理系统可以以不同的方式和方法使用可达性顺序用于控制二次电池组。
按照另一有利的构建方案,激活顺序基于电池组子单元的相应的可达性被确定,并且在激活电池组子单元的情况下被考虑。在确定激活顺序之前可以基于电池组子单元的所测定的可达性来列出电池组子单元的可达性顺序。
按照另一有利的构建方案,涉及应用的模式(Schema)基于激活顺序被制订,并且在激活电池组子单元时被考虑。如果事先确定船舶必需二次电池组和经此至少一个电池组子单元必须通过其而运行在对于二次电池组或电池组子单元的寿命或者其它性能特性来说是次优的范围中的电功率,那么电池组子单元的模式可以被测定。例如事先可以计算对船舶的用于确定的航行的电池组功率的要求。在这种情况下,可以开始做如下计算:根据所述计算,针对该航行的路线可以测定二次电池组和每个单个电池组子单元的充电容量。二次电池组的电池组子单元的模式可以这样控制二次电池组,使得可最简单地到达的这种电池组子单元首先被按优先序排列,并且与其它电池组子单元这样交替,使得船舶的预先计算的性能要求被满足并且使得二次电池组的可以包括电池组使用寿命的各个性能属性(Leistungsattribute)被优化。在电池组子单元的可达性顺序和电池组子单元的随后的按优先序排列之间可以使用1:1关联的任何一个另外的合适的关联。电池组子单元的模式也可以在使用不同的应用特定的(anwenderspezifisch)等级的电池组子单元的情况下被计算。例如,这些可最简单地到达的电池组子单元或者最接近地被布置的电池组子单元的10%可以被限定为等级1,这些电池组子单元接着被按优先序排列并且作为群组被纳入计划,在所述群组之内电池组子单元可以相互交替。不同的优化算法(诸如最小均方法(Least-Mean-Square))可以被用于确定不同等级的电池组子单元的组成、用于确定在所述等级之内的电池组子单元的交替并且用于确定不同等级的电池组子单元的交替。船舶的性能要求可以针对如下路线被计算:所述路线包括参观在仅仅允许电池组功率的地区中的峡湾中。在这种情况下,90%的航行在使用在所推荐的功率界限之内的二次电池组的情况下是可能的。然而,剩下的10%的航行要求使用在所推荐的功率界限之外的二次电池组。电池组子单元的模式可以在使用可最简单地到达的电池组子单元的等级的情况下被计算。在该等级之内的电池组子单元可以在整个航行期间与在该等级之外的电池组子单元交替,由此每个在该等级之内的电池组子单元的运行可以被最大化。
按照另一有利的构建方案,制订容纳空间和要被布置在该容纳空间中的二次电池组的数学模型,所述数学模型如下地被优化:电池组子单元在考虑其分别由所述数学模型得出的可达性的情况下并且在考虑电池组子单元的至少一个相应的特性的情况下被布置在该容纳空间中。经此,在运输工具的容纳空间之内的二次电池组的电池组子单元的可达性可以已经在规划(Planung)二次电池组时被考虑。在这种情况下,例如成本更有利的电池组子单元可以被布置在容纳空间的具有较高的可达性的区域中,而成本花费更多的电池组子单元被布置在容纳空间的不太好地可到达的区域中。紧接着,成本更有利的电池组子单元可以比成本花费更多的电池组子单元更频繁地被激活。例如电池组子单元的电容量、成本、按日历的寿命、老化状态(“健康状态(stateofhealth)”;SOH)、充电状态(“stateofcharge”;SOC)、电压或者这一类的可以作为电池组子单元的特性被考虑。基于在运输工具的容纳空间之内的二次电池组的电池组子单元的可达性,可以在规划二次电池组时考虑二次电池组的临时的部分的拆出和运行。在这种情况下,例如可以在短路段的情况下安装较少的电池组子单元,以便提高可能的有效载荷(Zuladung)。在较长的路段的情况下,用功率更强的电池组子单元的临时更换同样是可能的。
此外,本发明的主题是一种用于可电驱动的运输工具、尤其是船舶的电池组系统,所述电池组系统具有至少一个二次电池组和至少一个在通信技术上与二次电池组相连的电池组管理系统,其中所述二次电池组包括多个彼此接线的、可跨接的电池组子单元,所述二次电池组可被布置在运输工具的容纳空间中,其特征在于,所述电池组管理系统被设立来根据电池组子单元的相应的可达性而激活电池组子单元。
上面关于本方法所提到的优点和实施形式相对应地与本电池组系统相关。
附图说明
接下来,本发明参考附图依据优选的实施例而示例性地被阐明,其中随后所示出的特征可以不仅分别单独地而且彼此各种组合地示出本发明的方面(Aspekt)。
图1示出了针对按照本发明的二次电池组的实施例的示意图,
图2示出了针对被布置在运输工具的容纳空间中的二次电池组的另一实施例的示意图,和
图3示出了用于实现按照本发明的方法的实施例的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了针对按照本发明的二次电池组1的实施例的示意图。二次电池组1包括多个以由彼此接线的电池组电池A1.0、A1.1、A1.2、B1.0、B1.1、B1.2等等构成的电池串(Zellstraenge)的形式的可跨接的电池组子单元A、B等等。开关装置2与每个电池组子单元A、B等等关联,利用所述开关装置2,相应的电池组子单元A、B等等是可电接通的和可电切断的。
图2示出了针对被布置在运输工具的容纳空间3中的二次电池组4的另一实施例的示意图。开口5被布置在容纳空间3上,二次电池组4通过所述开口5是可到达的。在容纳空间之内的空间被划分为多个子空间6。从图2得出,被布置在子空间7中的电池组子单元比被布置在子空间8中的电池组子单元是更难以到达的。
图3示出了用于实现按照本发明的方法的实施例的示意图。要注意到数据库9,在所述数据库9中针对每个电池组电池A1.0、B1.0、C1.0等等存储有元素10。每个元素10都可以包含例如相应的电池组电池A1.0、B1.0、C1.0等等的基本参数,如可达性、电容量、成本、寿命、快速充电能力、电池组电池类型(Pb、NiMH、LiFeP等等)、装入前的使用历史或者这一类的,并且每个元素10都可以包含例如电池组电池A1.0、B1.0、C1.0等等的其它参数,如老化状态(“健康状态(stateofhealth)”;SOH)、充电状态(“stateofcharge”;SOC)、关闭请求数目(Shut-Down-Request-Nummer)、电压、自从装入以来的使用历史或者这一类的。
电池组管理系统11可以访问数据库9,以便可以借助于合适的算法从数据库9中选出元素10。电池组管理系统11也可以将数据存放在数据库9中。为了从数据库9中相应地选出元素10,电池组管理系统11使用外部指标(Indikator)12,借助于所述外部指标12,电池组子单元的使用在理论上是可测定的并且是可确定的。这种指标例如可以是运输工具的所规划的路线、运输工具的所规划的行驶距离、运输工具的要期望的性能要求、下一次维护/更换间隔或者这一类的。
Claims (6)
1.用于使二次电池组(1、4)运行的方法,其中所述二次电池组(1、4)包括多个彼此接线的、可跨接的电池组子单元(A、B),所述二次电池组(1、4)被布置在可电驱动的运输工具、尤其是船舶的容纳空间(3)中,其特征在于,针对每个电池组子单元(A、B)检测可达性,并且所述电池组子单元(A、B)的激活根据电池组子单元的相应的可达性而进行。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,具有高的可达性的电池组子单元(A、B)比具有低的可达性的电池组子单元(A、B)更频繁地被激活。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,激活顺序基于电池组子单元(A、B)的相应的可达性而被确定并且在激活电池组子单元(A、B)时被考虑。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,涉及应用的模式基于激活顺序而被制订并且在激活电池组子单元(A、B)时被考虑。
5.根据权利要求1至4之一所述的方法,其特征在于,要被布置在容纳空间(3)中的二次电池组(4)的数学模型被制订,所述数学模型如下地被优化:所述电池组子单元(A、B)在考虑所述电池组子单元(A、B)的分别由所述数学模型得出的可达性的情况下并且在考虑所述电池组子单元(A、B)的至少一个相应的特性的情况下被布置在容纳空间(3)中。
6.用于可电驱动的运输工具、尤其是船舶的电池组系统,其具有至少一个二次电池组(1、4)和至少一个在通信技术上与所述二次电池组(1、4)相连的电池组管理系统(11),其中所述二次电池组(1、4)包括多个彼此接线的、可跨接的电池组子单元(A、B),所述二次电池组(1、4)能被布置在运输工具的容纳空间(3)中,其特征在于,所述电池组管理系统(11)被设立为根据所述电池组子单元的相应的可达性来激活所述电池组子单元。
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KR20130130949A (ko) * | 2012-05-23 | 2013-12-03 | 주식회사 피엠그로우 | 배터리팩의 배터리 유닛 교체 시스템 및 방법 |
CN103568862A (zh) * | 2012-08-07 | 2014-02-12 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 电池管理系统和电池更换方法 |
US20140141287A1 (en) * | 2012-11-19 | 2014-05-22 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Battery pack and battery control module |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20160040733A (ko) | 2016-04-14 |
US20170187074A1 (en) | 2017-06-29 |
KR20170060617A (ko) | 2017-06-01 |
US9819056B2 (en) | 2017-11-14 |
CN105474455B (zh) | 2017-07-14 |
WO2015180911A1 (de) | 2015-12-03 |
JP6272503B2 (ja) | 2018-01-31 |
DE102014210187A1 (de) | 2015-12-03 |
JP2017513199A (ja) | 2017-05-25 |
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