CN105432446A - Method for cultivating low-cadmium-accumulation and high-iron-enrichment pakchoi - Google Patents
Method for cultivating low-cadmium-accumulation and high-iron-enrichment pakchoi Download PDFInfo
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- CN105432446A CN105432446A CN201510845393.0A CN201510845393A CN105432446A CN 105432446 A CN105432446 A CN 105432446A CN 201510845393 A CN201510845393 A CN 201510845393A CN 105432446 A CN105432446 A CN 105432446A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating low-cadmium-accumulation and high-iron-enrichment pakchoi. The method comprises the following steps: (1) screening and determining the pakchoi variety; (2) performing accelerating germination treatment on pakchoi seeds, cultivating seedlings, and obtaining pakchoi seedlings; (3) transplanting the pakchoi seedlings to fields to perform cultivation, and spraying iron slat solution many times on the pakchoi transplanted to the fields before the harvesting. According to the method, Lvxiu (91-1) is obtained through screening, the pakchoi which is high in iron content and bioavailability is cultivated in a short term by applying the method, the iron content of the pakchoi is improved by utilizing the agricultural measures, the dietary structure for the human body is not changed, and the method is easily accepted by users. Compared with a conventional method, the method reduces cadmium content of the pakchoi.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to vegetable cultivation technical field, be specifically related to the breeding method of a kind of low cadmium-accumulation iron height enrichment a variety of Chinese cabbage.
Background technology
Cadmium is a kind of heavy metal element with high bio-toxicity, moves very active in environmental system, and united state United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the World Health Organization and the american agriculture committee etc. are classified as and give priority to one of pollutant.Cadmium enters human body by the food chain of soil-plant-(animal)-mankind, thus has caused a series of diseases of the mankind.So the cadmium content direct relation in the edible portion of plant the health of the mankind.Different plant has larger difference to Cadmium accumulation in environment, reduces crop edible portion Cd accumulation and is agricultural and environmental science circle arduousness and far-reaching task.
Iron is one of essential trace element important in human body.Iron is the constituent of haemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochrome and some respiratory enzyme, participates in transport and the tissue respiration process of oxygen in body.The active generation of people's interior free yl and the interior removing of crossing polyradical of body, need the catalase of enzyme as iron content of iron and formation thereof, peroxidase to participate in.Iron is relevant with maintenance normal immunological function, is converted into the synthesis of vitamin A, purine and collagen, lipid is transported from blood and medicine all needs the participation of iron in liver detoxification etc. at catalysed promoted beta carotene.
Long-term Dietary Iron undersupply can to cause in body iron deficiency or cause hypoferric anemia, common infant, pregnant woman.China's less than 7 years old average illness rate of children anemia is up to 57.6%, and wherein child's illness rate in 1-3 year is the highest.Pregnant woman anemia rate average out to about 30%.Mainly because body requirement amount increases and dietary iron insufficiency of intake causes.China resident is mainly based on cereals, and most of cereal kernel iron content is all not high, human body can not be met and recommend iron intake every day (man: 15Fe/d, woman: 20Fe/d), the content of leaf vegetables as a variety of Chinese cabbage iron is higher, can be used as the good source of iron.
Biological reinforced is when not changing crowd's traditional diet, by regulation and control process of crop growth, improves iron content and bioavailable iron total amount in crop and meets the demand of human body to melt quality.For the crowd of long-term edible vegetable, by agronomic measures promote iron content in vegetables can economical, effectively, solve to essence the problem of iron in human nutritional imbalance.
Iron extensively exists in soil, generally can not iron deficiency in soil, and the soil of plant iron deficiency or not itself, just the validity of iron is poor.The content of iron in soil is generally: 3.8%.Because iron is converted into difficult dissolved compound very soon in soil, so iron fertilizer directly should not be applied to soil, be more suitable for foliage-spray.At present, the facilitation of foliage applying iron fertilizer to the enrichment of crop iron has been reported.But the research of using iron fertilizer focuses mostly in the affecting of the iron content on the edible portion of crop, less to the total quantifier elimination of bioavailable iron in the edible portion of crop.Iron deficiency and the anaemia caused thereof are ubiquitous public health problems in world wide.The factor affecting iron bioavailability comprises the chemical form of iron, the physiologic factor of human body, iron transfer mechanism of absorption and factor diet.Food environment on the impact of iron bioavailability mainly because different food environment is different with the chemical form of iron in human body environment, such as degree of ionization, chemical valence and whether can form dissolubility and the stability of complex compound and complex compound with other composition in food.What the dietary factors existed in food had obviously has reproducibility and complexing, can affect the existence form of iron, and then may affect the absorption ratio of iron.
In sum, cultivating by breeding or cultivation means the crop that high enriched iron can efficiently be absorbed by the body again will be the effective means of a kind of raising crowd iron intake, and a variety of Chinese cabbage of seed selection simultaneously will meet the requirement of low cadmium-accumulation.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the invention provides the breeding method of a kind of low cadmium-accumulation iron height enrichment a variety of Chinese cabbage, utilize the method to cultivate in a short time to tap a blast furnace high enrichment and the high a variety of Chinese cabbage of bioavilability.
A breeding method for low cadmium-accumulation iron height enrichment a variety of Chinese cabbage, comprises the following steps:
(1) kind of a variety of Chinese cabbage is determined in screening;
(2) vernalization process is carried out to a variety of Chinese cabbage seed, nursery, obtain a variety of Chinese cabbage seedling;
(3) a variety of Chinese cabbage transplantation of seedlings is cultivated to land for growing field crops, before results, spray iron salt solutions several times to a variety of Chinese cabbage transplanting land for growing field crops.
The present invention carries out Screening and Identification to more than the 60 kind of a variety of Chinese cabbage that all parts of the country are collected, detect iron, cadmium content respectively, obtain green show (91-1) for iron content is high and the varieties of Brassica campestris of the low accumulation of cadmium, wherein iron content 136.73mg/kg, cadmium content 0.05mg/kg.This kind heat resistance, cold resistance, disease resistance, bolting resistance are excellent, and growth cycle is short, and output is close with conventional variety, and the bioavilability of green show (91-1) iron is high, and as preferably, the kind of a variety of Chinese cabbage is green show (91-1).
Research proves, green show (91-1) possesses the ability of strong enriched iron, therefore in green show (91-1) cultivating process, applies iron salt solutions and carries out biological reinforced.
In order to improve the survival rate of green show (91-1) seed, as preferably, described green show (91-1) seed first carries out disinfection before vernalization.More preferred, employing concentration is the hypochlorite disinfectant 3 ~ 8min of 5 ~ 10%, or hydrogen peroxide stoste soaks 30 ~ 60min, and after sterilization, clear water is cleaned.
The conditions such as illumination, temperature, moisture, air are all the factors affecting seed seedling-raising, as preferably, described nursery comprises: by green show (91-1) the Chinese cabbage seed sowing after vernalization in matrix, distilled water is utilized to cultivate, the condition of cultivating is: every day 12, h light was cultivated, and light intensity is 700 ~ 800 μm of olm
-2s
-1, cultivating temperature is 22 ± 1 DEG C; Within 12 hours, secretly cultivate, cultivating temperature is 18 ± 1 DEG C.
Matrix need be used further to nursery after sterilization, and described matrix is the mixture of perlite, peat and vermiculite, and perlitic porous greatly promotes plant root system development and growth; Peat provides Major Nutrient material for plant; Vermiculite provides a large amount of quick-acting moisture to plant, and air capacity of soils is good.According to the difference of Cultivars, the ratio of adjustment matrix components, as preferably, the matrix of described nursery is perlite, peat and the vermiculite volume ratio mixing gained according to 1:1:1.
A variety of Chinese cabbage seedling grows up to the more space of rear needs and nutrient, is transplanted to land for growing field crops.In order to provide the survival rate behind a variety of Chinese cabbage transplantation of seedlings land for growing field crops, as preferably, when a variety of Chinese cabbage seedling grows to and is not less than 3cm, transplant land for growing field crops.
Need before a variety of Chinese cabbage transplantation of seedlings land for growing field crops to carry out getting fat process to field soil, use decomposed manure 1500kg for every mu.
In a variety of Chinese cabbage cultivating process, add iron fertilizer, as preferably, within 5 ~ 15 days before results, spray iron salt solutions, number of times is no less than 2 times.A variety of Chinese cabbage to the sorption enhanced efficiency of nutritive element, now carries out iron strengthening at later stages, is conducive to the enrichment of a variety of Chinese cabbage to ferro element.More preferred, before results, 7d and 12d sprays iron salt solutions respectively.
Iron fertilizer can be divided into inorganic iron fertilizer, organic iron fertilizer and chelating iron fertilizer three class.Ferrous sulfate and iron sulfate are conventional inorganic iron fertilizers.。As preferably, described iron salt solutions is copperas solution.One draws materials conveniently, and two is cheap.
The copperas solution concentration that the present invention applies controls the scope that can absorb in a variety of Chinese cabbage, is beneficial to the enrichment to iron.As preferably, the percent concentration of described copperas solution is 0.01%, and amount of application is 30L/ mu.
A variety of Chinese cabbage enters Later growth, and root system occurs in a large number, and amount of growth increases severely, and fertilizer-sucting quantity is large, imposes a certain amount of foliage fertilizer, promotes that siphonal lobe increases, improves the Quality and yield of a variety of Chinese cabbage.As preferably, containing organic foliar fertilizer in described iron salt solutions.The volumetric concentration of organic foliar fertilizer is generally 1-10mL/L.
The present invention cultivates the green show (91-1) obtained, and overground part iron enriched concentration reaches 222.67mg/kg, and comparatively conventional method is cultivated iron content and improve 62.9%; Cadmium content is 0.032mg/kg, and comparatively conventional method reduces 36%.Namely, while promotion crop alimentary element supplements, crop Cd accumulation is reduced.Green show (91-1) the iron bioavilability that the present invention cultivates is 20.01mg/kg, and more common a variety of Chinese cabbage exceeds 192.97%.
The beneficial effect that the present invention possesses: a variety of Chinese cabbage that (1) the present invention produces has the advantages that iron content is high, bioavilability is high, growth cycle is short, agronomic measures approach is utilized to improve a variety of Chinese cabbage iron content, do not change the diet structure of human body, easily accepted by crowd; (2) compared with conventional method, present invention reduces the cadmium content of a variety of Chinese cabbage.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the comparison diagram of different varieties of Brassica campestris iron content under field condition.
Fig. 2 is the comparison diagram of different varieties of Brassica campestris cadmium content under field condition.
Fig. 3 is the comparison diagram of green show (91-1) iron content under conventional method and the inventive method condition.
Fig. 4 is the comparison diagram of green show (91-1) cadmium content under conventional method and the inventive method condition.
Fig. 5 is the comparison diagram of green show (91-1) and conventional varieties of Brassica campestris bioavailable iron total amount under the inventive method condition.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
1, a breeding method for low cadmium-accumulation iron height enrichment a variety of Chinese cabbage, carries out following steps successively:
(1) the low and green show of iron content height varieties of Brassica campestris (91-1) of Screening and Identification cadmium content:
Cultivate more than 60 kind of a variety of Chinese cabbage sample in all parts of the country under conventional approaches, contrast cadmium, iron content in the edible portion of different varieties of Brassica campestris.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, green show (91-1) is the low and kind that iron content is high for cadmium content for result.
(2) by green show (91-1) Chinese cabbage seed sterilization also vernalization:
First prepare the NaClO solution of 10%: get 100mLNaClO distilled water constant volume in 1L volumetric flask.
After green show (91-1) seed water is rinsed well, the NaClO solution adding above-mentioned 10% soaks 8min, then after washing, then put into distilled water and soak 2 days, every day period changes water once.
(3) nursery is carried out to selected a variety of Chinese cabbage seed:
First prepare matrix, this culture medium is perlite, peat and the vermiculite volume ratio mixing gained according to 1:1:1.
By green show (91-1) planting seed after vernalization in the dish of the cultivation cave of populated matrix, this cultivation cave dish is made up of black plastic, and specification is 15 × 15 × 15cm.Be specially: after matrix is filled up in every cave, then put into green show (91-1) Chinese cabbage seed 20 after above-mentioned vernalization, more whole cave dish is placed in blue frame of plastic cultivates, period cultivates with distilled water, and distilled water consumption is every cave 100mL/d.Breeding condition is: every day 12, h light was cultivated, and light intensity is 800 μm of olm
-2s
-1, cultivating temperature is 22 ± 1 DEG C; Within 12 hours, secretly cultivate, cultivating temperature is 18 ± 1 DEG C.
(4) transplant when a variety of Chinese cabbage plant height is 3cm.
(5) apply fertilizer: cultivate every mu, soil and use decomposed manure 1500kg.
(6) nutrient solution is prepared:
Nutrient solution is by 0.36mMFeSO
47H
2o, 2mL organic foliar fertilizer (Kang Shou bio tech ltd, Huzhou) and surplus distilled water composition.
By step 4) green show (91-1) the Chinese cabbage transplantation of seedlings of gained is in the soil handled well, and the cultivation time is 3-4 week.Before a variety of Chinese cabbage results, at 5 in 7d and 12d afternoon respectively sprays 0.01% copperas solution, and every mu sprays 30L nutrient solution.
2, the green show of varieties of Brassica campestris (91-1) that the present invention screens is cultivated respectively under conventional method and the inventive method condition.After gathering in the crops, measure a variety of Chinese cabbage Fe content, result of the test compares discovery (Fig. 3,4), and the iron content of the green show of the varieties of Brassica campestris that the present invention relates to (91-1) under a variety of Chinese cabbage breeding method that the present invention relates to is 222.67mg/kg, and comparatively conventional method improves 62.9%.Cadmium content is 0.032mg/kg, and comparatively conventional method reduces 36%.Result shows, a variety of Chinese cabbage Fe accumulation ability that the present invention cultivates is stronger, reduces cadmium content simultaneously.This is because a variety of Chinese cabbage is cultivated in the methods of the invention absorb more ferro elements, reduce the absorption to cadmium in environment.
3, the green show (91-1) with regard to relating in the present invention is carried out cultivating bioavailable iron total amount in a variety of Chinese cabbage sample of gained with conventional a variety of Chinese cabbage seed (U.S. is preced with green grass or young crops and obstructs dish) according to a variety of Chinese cabbage breeding method related to of the present invention and is compared test, and example illustrates:
Green show (91-1) and conventional a variety of Chinese cabbage seed are planted according to breeding method of the present invention, cultivates 35 days altogether, results.The experiment of Caco-2 cell model simulation intestinal absorption.
The formula calculating bioavailable iron total amount is: the vegetables iron content of dissolved ferric iron rate=external digestion liquid iron content/carry out external digestion; Iron absorptivity=(Caco-2 cell holds iron content+transhipment iron content)/digestive juice iron content × dissolved ferric iron rate; Bioavailable iron total amount=iron absorptivity × vegetables iron-holder.
Under the inventive method breeding condition, the bioavailable iron total amount of conventional a variety of Chinese cabbage is 6.83mg/kg, and green show (91-1) a variety of Chinese cabbage bioavailable iron total amount related in the present invention is 20.01mg/kg (Fig. 5).
Claims (10)
1. a breeding method for low cadmium-accumulation iron height enrichment a variety of Chinese cabbage, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) kind of a variety of Chinese cabbage is determined in screening;
(2) vernalization process is carried out to a variety of Chinese cabbage seed, nursery, obtain a variety of Chinese cabbage seedling;
(3) a variety of Chinese cabbage transplantation of seedlings is cultivated to land for growing field crops, before results, spray iron salt solutions several times to a variety of Chinese cabbage transplanting land for growing field crops.
2. breeding method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the kind of described a variety of Chinese cabbage is green show (91-1).
3. breeding method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described nursery comprises: by a variety of Chinese cabbage planting seed after vernalization in matrix, utilize distilled water to cultivate, and the condition of cultivation is: every day 12, h light was cultivated, and light intensity is 700 ~ 800 μm of olm
-2s
-1, cultivating temperature is 22 ± 1 DEG C; Within 12 hours, secretly cultivate, cultivating temperature is 18 ± 1 DEG C.
4. breeding method as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, the matrix of described nursery is perlite, peat and the vermiculite volume ratio mixing gained according to 1:1:1.
5. breeding method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, when a variety of Chinese cabbage seedling grows to and is not less than 3cm, transplant land for growing field crops.
6. breeding method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described iron salt solutions is copperas solution.
7. breeding method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, the percent concentration of described copperas solution is 0.01%, and amount of application is 30L/ mu.
8. breeding method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, within 5 ~ 15 days before results, spray iron salt solutions, number of times is no less than 2 times.
9. breeding method as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, before results, 7d and 12d sprays iron salt solutions respectively.
10. breeding method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, containing organic foliar fertilizer in described iron salt solutions.
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| CN104938184A (en) * | 2015-06-18 | 2015-09-30 | 浙江大学 | Method for cultivating pakchoi which is highly rich in vitamin C |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104938184A (en) * | 2015-06-18 | 2015-09-30 | 浙江大学 | Method for cultivating pakchoi which is highly rich in vitamin C |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| 马建军: "铁对蔬菜生长及吸镉量的影响", 《河北职业技术师范学院学报》 * |
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Application publication date: 20160330 |