CN105412364A - 一种治疗慢性肾功能衰竭的颗粒剂及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents

一种治疗慢性肾功能衰竭的颗粒剂及其制备方法和用途 Download PDF

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CN105412364A
CN105412364A CN201610018769.5A CN201610018769A CN105412364A CN 105412364 A CN105412364 A CN 105412364A CN 201610018769 A CN201610018769 A CN 201610018769A CN 105412364 A CN105412364 A CN 105412364A
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陈令浩
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Qingdao Chenda Biotechnology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种治疗慢性肾功能衰竭的颗粒剂及其制备方法和用途,组方中含有重量份为:生大黄20-30份、黄芪25-35份、茯苓10-20份、牛膝8-14份、人参5-10份、鹿衔草10-20份、车前子10-15份、艾叶3-8份、牛蒡子10-30份、小蓟4-10份、栀子10-30份、厚朴10-25份、黄连5-11份、枸杞10-25份、荆芥10-18份、葛根7-14份、薄荷5-11份、蒲公英5-10份、青黛10-20份、甘草8-12份。本发明所述的中药组合物处方更加合理,通过药效学试验可以发现本发明的处方可以有效提高肾脏系数,改善血液中的电解质,从而在用药后肾脏的病理状态得到根本改善,从根本上延缓肾脏衰竭的进展。进而大幅度改善慢性肾衰竭患者的治疗效果和生活质量。

Description

一种治疗慢性肾功能衰竭的颗粒剂及其制备方法和用途
技术领域
本发明涉及中药治疗领域,具体涉及一种治疗慢性肾功能衰竭的颗粒剂及其制备方法和用途。
背景技术
肾脏作为身体中一个极为重要的器官,在人们的日常生活中扮演着极为重要角色,现在社会环境污染以及食品的复杂性,导致了疾病的不断发生,肾炎、肾衰等疾病不断攀升,其中慢性肾功能衰竭(ChronicRenalFailure,CRF)是各种原发性和继发性肾脏疾病的晚期,肾实质严重毁损,致使氮质代谢产物潴留,水电解质及酸碱平衡失调,内分泌紊乱等表现的一种临床综合征。虽然血液透析、腹膜透析及肾移植的开展为CRF的治疗开辟了新的途径,延长了患者的生命,但存在费用高、肾源不足以及各种并发症的问题,在发展中国家尚无法普及,寻求价格低廉的治疗药物是医药工作者研究的主要方向。
慢性肾衰竭是由多种原因造成的慢性进行性肾实质损害,导致体内代谢产物潴留、水电解质及酸碱平衡失调、内分泌紊乱的一种综合病症,病情复杂多变且危重。目前西医学对慢性肾衰竭的发病机理进行了大量研究,取得了一定进展,但在临床治疗方面并未取得很大突破,仍在沿用传统的营养疗法、肾脏替代疗法。中医药在延缓慢性肾衰竭进展、保护肾功能方面有独特优势。
慢性肾功能衰竭目前已经可以看作是一种临床的常见病,但治疗的效果并不理想,至少可以说,现有技术在目前仍没有可以治愈慢性肾功能衰竭的有效药物,慢性肾衰进一步发展,会出现尿毒症。
目前临床上治疗尿毒症主要靠血液透析,虽然可以暂时缓解症状,在一定程度上延长寿命,但并不能彻底清除患者体内的毒素,停止透析即发生反弹,因为人在正常的新陈代谢过程中会不断地产生有毒物质,然后由肾将其排出体外。由于血液透析有一定的副作用且治疗费用较高,整个治疗过程往往被称作拿钱买命,也因此使得血液透析的应用受到了一定的限制。目前,对于慢性肾衰的治疗,西药治疗较贵每年大约需要3-5万人民币,并且还有较大的副作用。中药治疗效果欠佳,需要搭配西药治疗,价格也比较昂贵。
发明内容
鉴于现有技术缺陷,本发明经过发明人深入地研究,得到了一种治疗慢性肾衰的中药处方,对于处方本发明人惊喜的发现,该处方的药剂的效果佳,无毒副作用。
本发明的第一个目的在于,发明人对药物组分的用量进行大量探索性试验,提供了一种治疗小儿肠系膜淋巴结炎的中药处方,处方包括的原材料包括:生大黄、黄芪、茯苓、牛膝、人参、鹿衔草、车前子、艾叶、牛蒡子、小蓟、栀子、厚朴、黄连、枸杞、荆芥、葛根、薄荷、蒲公英、青黛、甘草。
处方的各原料用量在本发明的重量份范围都具有较好的疗效,所述的配方以及组份为:生大黄20-30份、黄芪25-35份、茯苓10-20份、牛膝8-14份、人参5-10份、鹿衔草10-20份、车前子10-15份、艾叶3-8份、牛蒡子10-30份、小蓟4-10份、栀子10-30份、厚朴10-25份、黄连5-11份、枸杞10-25份、荆芥10-18份、葛根7-14份、薄荷5-11份、蒲公英5-10份、青黛10-20份、甘草8-12份。
对上述的重量份的配方进行优选,达到更好的技术效果,优选的配方为:生大黄25份、黄芪30份、茯苓15份、牛膝11份、人参7.5份、鹿衔草15份、车前子12份、艾叶5份、牛蒡子20份、小蓟7份、栀子20份、厚朴17份、黄连8份、枸杞17份、荆芥14份、葛根10.5份、薄荷8份、蒲公英8份、青黛15份、甘草10份。
或者:
生大黄24份、黄芪28份、茯苓14份、牛膝10份、人参7份、鹿衔草14份、车前子11份、艾叶4.5份、牛蒡子18份、小蓟6.5份、栀子18份、厚朴16份、黄连7.5份、枸杞16份、荆芥13份、葛根9份、薄荷7份、蒲公英7份、青黛14份、甘草9.5份。
本发明所述的一种治疗慢性肾功能衰竭的颗粒剂,所述的颗粒剂主要用于制备治疗慢性肾衰竭药物中的用途。
本发明所述的一种治疗慢性肾功能衰竭的颗粒剂,制备方法具体为:
1)取鹿衔草、车前子、荆芥、薄荷、蒲公英、青黛、艾叶和栀子加水浸泡1小时,杂质洗净,放入容器内,加入8-10倍量的蒸馏水和0.5倍的80%酒精浸泡1小时后,武火煮沸10-30min,文火1-3小时,提取滤液,减压浓缩至相对密度为1.15的浸膏,备用;
2)取葛根、黄连、枸杞、牛膝、人参、牛蒡子、加75%乙醇提取2次,每次1.5小时,合并药液,静置24小时,备用;
3)取生生大黄、黄芪、茯苓、小蓟、厚朴、甘草粉碎成细粉和步骤(1)中药渣混合后用适量70%乙醇提取3次,每次2小时,收集提取液,静置24小时,备用;
4)取第2)和3)步骤中制得的上清液,减压回收乙醇,浓缩至60℃~70℃,密度为1.08的浸膏,干燥后备用;
5)步骤1)和步骤5)的浸膏混合,测定其重量,加入其重量15%的淀粉和甘露糖的混合物,其中淀粉和甘露糖的重量比为1.5:1;搅拌均匀加热至85℃,过120目筛,用喷雾干燥机制得提取物粉末,分装即得颗粒剂。
本发明所述的一种用于治疗慢性肾功能衰竭的颗粒剂,与现有技术相比的优点在于:
本发明所述的中药组合物处方更加合理,通过药效学试验可以发现本发明的处方可以有效提高肾脏系数,改善血液中的电解质,从而在用药后肾脏的病理状态得到根本改善,从根本上延缓肾脏衰竭的进展。进而大幅度改善慢性肾衰竭患者的治疗效果和生活质量。
具体实施例
虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述,但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案,说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见,本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体,各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合,形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。
实施例1:一种用于治疗慢性肾衰的颗粒剂,包括以下重量份的原料药:
生大黄20份、黄芪25份、茯苓10份、牛膝8份、人参5份、鹿衔草10份、车前子10份、艾叶3份、牛蒡子10份、小蓟4份、栀子10份、厚朴10份、黄连5份、枸杞10份、荆芥10份、葛根7份、薄荷5份、蒲公英5份、青黛10份、甘草8份。
具体制备方法为:
1)取鹿衔草、车前子、荆芥、薄荷、蒲公英、青黛、艾叶和栀子加水浸泡1小时,杂质洗净,放入容器内,加入8-10倍量的蒸馏水和0.5倍的80%酒精浸泡1小时后,武火煮沸10-30min,文火1-3小时,提取滤液,减压浓缩至相对密度为1.15的浸膏,备用;
2)取葛根、黄连、枸杞、牛膝、人参、牛蒡子、加75%乙醇提取2次,每次1.5小时,合并药液,静置24小时,备用;
3)取生生大黄、黄芪、茯苓、小蓟、厚朴、甘草粉碎成细粉和步骤(1)中药渣混合后用适量70%乙醇提取3次,每次2小时,收集提取液,静置24小时,备用;
4)取第2)和3)步骤中制得的上清液,减压回收乙醇,浓缩至60℃~70℃,密度为1.08的浸膏,干燥后备用;
5)步骤1)和步骤5)的浸膏混合,测定其重量,加入其重量15%的淀粉和甘露糖的混合物,其中淀粉和甘露糖的重量比为1.5:1;搅拌均匀加热至85℃,过120目筛,用喷雾干燥机制得提取物粉末,分装即得颗粒剂。
实施例2:一种用于治疗慢性肾衰的颗粒剂,包括以下重量份的原料药:
生大黄30份、黄芪35份、茯苓20份、牛膝14份、人参10份、鹿衔草20份、车前子10份、艾叶3份、牛蒡子30份、小蓟10份、栀子30份、厚朴25份、黄连11份、枸杞25份、荆芥18份、葛根14份、薄荷11份、蒲公英10份、青黛20份、甘草12份。
制备方法同实施例1。
实施例3:一种用于治疗慢性肾衰的颗粒剂,包括以下重量份的原料药:
生大黄25份、黄芪30份、茯苓15份、牛膝11份、人参7.5份、鹿衔草15份、车前子12份、艾叶5份、牛蒡子20份、小蓟7份、栀子20份、厚朴17份、黄连8份、枸杞17份、荆芥14份、葛根10.5份、薄荷8份、蒲公英8份、青黛15份、甘草10份。
制备方法同实施例1。
实施例4:一种用于治疗慢性肾衰的颗粒剂,包括以下重量份的原料药:
生大黄24份、黄芪28份、茯苓14份、牛膝10份、人参7份、鹿衔草14份、车前子11份、艾叶4.5份、牛蒡子18份、小蓟6.5份、栀子18份、厚朴16份、黄连7.5份、枸杞16份、荆芥13份、葛根9份、薄荷7份、蒲公英7份、青黛14份、甘草9.5份。
制备方法同实施例1。
实施例5:动物模型试验
5.1、试验动物分组、造模
雄性SPF级SD大鼠,体重290±45g,购回后适应性饲养1周,适应条件,然后建模,选取尿蛋白定性检查为阴性者,称量每只大鼠体重,按体重分层,随机分为5组,即:正常对照组,模型对照组,黄芪注射液组(10ml/kg),中药组合物低剂量5mg/kg)组,中药组合物中剂量(10mg/kg)组和中药组合物高剂量(15mg/kg)组,中药组合物选自本发明实施例3的药物制剂。
灌胃给予不同剂量(250mg/kg)的腺嘌呤蒸馏水混悬液进行造模,空白对照组灌胃给予等容积蒸馏水,给药容积为20ml/kg。试验造模时间为28天,造模期间,每天上午8时空腹灌胃1次,逐渐诱发大鼠的肾功能慢性衰竭。
5.2、给药
第29天开始,给药组按体重灌胃给药,空白对照组和模型对照组灌胃给予同容积的溶媒。每7天称量1次体重,根据体重调整给药量。给药第28天,将大鼠股动脉取血,处死,进行各项指标的检测。试验期间各组大鼠自由饮水和进食标准普通饲料。
表1各组给药方式种类以及药量如下
5.3检查指标
①一般性检查指标:大鼠肾脏系数。详细结果见表2。
②血液生化学及电解质检查指标:肌酐(SCr)、尿素氮(BUN)的含量。详细结果见表3。
表2肾脏系数情况
与正常对照组比较,##P<0.01;
与模型对照组比较,*P<0.05;
与黄芪注射液组比较,P<0.05
表2表明:模型组大鼠肾脏系数显著高于空白对照组(##P<0.01);黄芪注射液及中药组合物高、中、低三剂量组肾脏系数显著均低于模型对照组(*P<0.05),并且中药组合物各剂量组与黄芪注射液组比较有明显差异(P<0.05)。
5.4、血液生化学指标检查结果各组大鼠血液肌酐、尿素氮
肌酐和尿素氮是临床最为常用的反映肾功能变化和肾脏病变严重程度的指标,模型组大鼠肌酐、尿素氮明显升高,表明肾损伤较为严重,表3的试验结果提示环黄芪醇具有减轻腺嘌呤对试验大鼠肾功能的损害的作用,能够显著减缓大鼠肾衰竭的进展,并且其作用较黄芪注射液更为显著。
表3血液生化学指标检查结果各组大鼠血液肌酐、尿素氮
与正常对照组比较,##P<0.01;
与模型对照组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01;
与黄芪注射液组比较,P<0.05,¥¥P<0.01
表2表明:经过28天造模后,模型组大鼠血液UREA和CREA均明显高于空白对照组(# #P<0.01);经过28天给药后,黄芪注射液组及中药组合物高、中、低三组血液UREA及CREA均明显低于模型对照组(*P<0.05,**P<0.01),并且中药组合物各剂量组明显低于黄芪注射液组(P<0.05,¥¥P<0.01)。
实施例6、病例选择:
6.1、一般资料
选择我院或外院确诊的慢性肾功能衰竭患者128例临床观察,病人随机分成两组,治疗组64例,其中男性33例,女性31例,年龄30-76岁,平均年龄53.5岁,病程5个月-15年;对照组64例,其中男性32例,女性32例,年龄8-70岁,平均年龄52.9岁,病程5个月-15年。两组病例的病程、症状轻重程度基本一致,无显著差异,具有可比性。
6.2、药物选择:
治疗组:患者服用本发明实施例3的颗粒剂,每日2次,分早晚1次口服1包,1包10g,10天为一疗程,病情严重者遵医嘱酌增用量。
对照组:服用肾衰宁颗粒,按说明书用,病情严重者遵医嘱酌增用量。
6.3、疗效判定:
(1)治愈:贫血、水肿、少尿、无尿、恶心、呕吐、腹泻等症状消失,体质增强,身上有劲,身体痊愈。
(2)有效:上述症状有所缓解。
(3)无效:病症无变化。
6.4、结果:
治疗4个疗程之后,具体的治疗效果如下:
表4治疗组和对照组的治疗结果
治愈 有效 无效 有效率(%)
治疗组 41 21 0 100
对照组 13 35 14 77.5
从表4可以看出,服用本发明中药制剂的治疗组中,治愈41例,有效21例,无效0例,总有效率100%;对照组治愈13例,有效35例,总有效率为77.5%。治疗组治愈率和总有效率明显高于对照组。
6.5、经典病例
病例1:马某某,男,35岁,河南郑州人,某药厂总做,长期接触有毒化学物,2012确诊为慢性肾功能衰竭,连续几年一直服用药物治疗,效果不佳,尿蛋白含量一直不稳定。服用本发明中药制剂实施例3的颗粒剂,30天之后,早晚各一次,每次10克,症状有所缓解消失,继续服用30天之后,基本康复,3个月电话随访无复发。
病例2、邹某,男,51岁,江苏连云港人,汽车司机,患者自诉患慢性肾小球肾炎自2012年就有,近来出现尿量增多,并伴有尿不尽现象,然后进行住院检查治疗,最终确诊为慢性肾功能衰竭。服用本发明中药制剂实施例4的颗粒剂,早晚各一次,每次10克,30天之后,症状有所缓解消失,继续服用30天之后基本康复,3个月电话随访无复发。

Claims (6)

1.一种治疗慢性肾功能衰竭的颗粒剂,其特征在于,有以下原料药组成:生大黄、黄芪、茯苓、牛膝、人参、鹿衔草、车前子、艾叶、牛蒡子、小蓟、栀子、厚朴、黄连、枸杞、荆芥、葛根、薄荷、蒲公英、青黛、甘草。
2.根据权利要求1所述的颗粒剂,其特征在于,由下列重量份的原料药组成:生大黄20-30份、黄芪25-35份、茯苓10-20份、牛膝8-14份、人参5-10份、鹿衔草10-20份、车前子10-15份、艾叶3-8份、牛蒡子10-30份、小蓟4-10份、栀子10-30份、厚朴10-25份、黄连5-11份、枸杞10-25份、荆芥10-18份、葛根7-14份、薄荷5-11份、蒲公英5-10份、青黛10-20份、甘草8-12份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的颗粒剂,其特征在于,由下列重量份的原料药组成:生大黄24份、黄芪28份、茯苓14份、牛膝10份、人参7份、鹿衔草14份、车前子11份、艾叶4.5份、牛蒡子18份、小蓟6.5份、栀子18份、厚朴16份、黄连7.5份、枸杞16份、荆芥13份、葛根9份、薄荷7份、蒲公英7份、青黛14份、甘草9.5份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的颗粒剂,其特征在于,由下列重量份的原料药组成:生大黄25份、黄芪30份、茯苓15份、牛膝11份、人参7.5份、鹿衔草15份、车前子12份、艾叶5份、牛蒡子20份、小蓟7份、栀子20份、厚朴17份、黄连8份、枸杞17份、荆芥14份、葛根10.5份、薄荷8份、蒲公英8份、青黛15份、甘草10份。
5.一种制备权利要求4所述的颗粒剂的制备方法,其特征在于,具体的步骤为:
1)取鹿衔草、车前子、荆芥、薄荷、蒲公英、青黛、艾叶和栀子加水浸泡1小时,杂质洗净,放入容器内,加入8-10倍量的蒸馏水和0.5倍的80%酒精浸泡1小时后,武火煮沸10-30min,文火1-3小时,提取滤液,减压浓缩至相对密度为1.15的浸膏,备用;
2)取葛根、黄连、枸杞、牛膝、人参、牛蒡子加75%乙醇提取2次,每次1.5小时,合并药液,静置24小时,备用;
3)取生大黄、黄芪、茯苓、小蓟、厚朴、甘草粉碎成细粉和步骤(1)中药渣混合后用适量70%乙醇提取3次,每次2小时,收集提取液,静置24小时,备用;
4)取第2)和3)步骤中制得的上清液,减压回收乙醇,浓缩至60℃~70℃,密度为1.08的浸膏,干燥后备用;
5)步骤1)和步骤5)的浸膏混合,测定其重量,加入其重量15%的淀粉和甘露糖的混合物,其中淀粉和甘露糖的重量比为1.5:1;搅拌均匀加热至85℃,过120目筛,用喷雾干燥机制得提取物粉末,分装即得颗粒剂。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的颗粒剂,其特征在于:所述的颗粒剂在制备治疗慢性肾衰竭药物中的应用。
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CN110368434B (zh) * 2019-09-03 2021-04-20 武汉惠尔生物科技有限公司 治疗慢性肾功能衰竭的复方缬草药物及其制备方法

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