CN105400799A - 一种乙脑/黄热嵌合病毒及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种乙脑/黄热嵌合病毒及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN105400799A
CN105400799A CN201510971436.XA CN201510971436A CN105400799A CN 105400799 A CN105400799 A CN 105400799A CN 201510971436 A CN201510971436 A CN 201510971436A CN 105400799 A CN105400799 A CN 105400799A
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杨会强
汪伟
何婷
刘莉娜
赵宇
刘俐
曾献武
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Chengdu Institute of Biological Products Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种乙脑/黄热嵌合病毒的cDNA克隆,其核苷酸序列如SEQ?ID?NO.1所示。本发明还公开了乙脑/黄热嵌合病毒及其应用,以及一种预防黄热病的疫苗。本发明嵌合病毒Chimeri-JYF的毒性小,免疫保护作用好,用其制备的疫苗可以有效预防黄热病毒感染,而且安全性高,可用于替代目前的黄热减毒活疫苗(17D株),在保证免疫保护效果的同时,有效提高临床使用的安全性,应用前景良好。

Description

一种乙脑/黄热嵌合病毒及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明涉及一种嵌合病毒,特别涉及一种乙脑/黄热嵌合病毒及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
黄热病是一种由黄热病毒感染引起的、主要发生在非洲亚撒哈拉地区和南美洲热带地区的蚊媒传染病,发病率大约为20万例/年,致死率高达20-50%,其中90%发生在非洲。黄热病毒感染人后可导致从亚临床感染到威胁生命的多器官衰竭、黄疸和出血等多种临床症状,其对于居住在疫区的居民和到疫区的旅行者来说都是一种严重的公共健康威胁。由于目前并没有针对黄热病的有效的抗病毒药物,进行黄热疫苗接种是预防感染唯一有效的方式。目前,通常使用的疫苗为黄热减毒活疫苗(17D株)。
黄热减毒活疫苗(17D株)在全球范围内使用已有70多年的历史,免疫一针有效率可以达到90%-99%,但是近年来因黄热病疫苗接种引起的嗜内脏和嗜神经性的严重不良反应报告逐渐增多,截止2013年,疑似由于黄热疫苗接种(YF17D株)引起的严重不良反应多达629例,其中已被证实与疫苗接种有关、符合布莱顿协作(BrightonCollaboration)标准的有131例,死亡25例(Vaccine.2013Dec16;31(52):6201-9.)。该情况的发生已经引起了国际社会的广泛关注。因此,研发一种更为安全但保护效果好的黄热疫苗是目前市场的一种迫切需求。然而,目前未见毒性YF17D株小且保护效果好的黄热疫苗的报道。
嵌合病毒是利用一些已知特性的病毒株作为受体,以另一个病毒株作为供体提供结构蛋白基因替换掉受体株的相应位置的基因构建得到的重组病毒,供体株的结构蛋白基因包含和中和抗性细胞接触融合内化作用血凝作用等有关的抗原决定簇,这样产生的嵌合病毒的生物特性由两者共同决定。利用稳定的减毒株作为受体株,嵌合进供体株相应的结构基因,从理论上推断,在供体株和受体株的基因仅有简单叠加而无重组的情况下,制得的嵌合病毒可以在一定程度上降低毒性,但是同时免疫原性和免疫保护作用也会降低;然而,大量事实证明,重组后嵌合病毒的特性往往并非两种病毒基因的简单叠加,两种不同来源基因会发生重组进而导致许多特性的变化,如,导致嵌合病毒的毒性不仅没有降低,反而大大强于母体株的毒力。因此,获得毒性降低且免疫保护作用仍然较好的嵌合病毒非常不容易,具有极大的偶然性。
目前,未见以黄热病毒作为供体株制备可以预防黄热病的黄热嵌合病毒的报道。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,本发明提供了一种以乙脑病毒减毒株SA14-14-2为框架的乙脑/黄热嵌合病毒。
本发明首先提供了一种乙脑/黄热嵌合病毒的cDNA克隆,其核苷酸序列如SEQIDNO.1所示。
本发明乙脑/黄热嵌合病毒,其核苷酸序列如SEQIDNO.2所示。
本发明还提供了乙脑/黄热嵌合病毒在制备预防黄热病的疫苗中的用途。
本发明还提供了预防黄热病的疫苗,它是以前述的嵌合病毒为活性成分,加上药学领域可接受的辅料或者辅助性成分制备而成。
本发明还提供了前述疫苗在制备预防黄热病的药物中的用途。
本发明以含有乙脑病毒减毒株SA14-14-2的特定感染性克隆为框架,将其中的prM/E基因替换为黄热病毒YF17D株的prM/E,制备得到了特定序列的乙脑/黄热嵌合病毒的cDNA克隆,并进一步转录得到了特定RNA序列的乙脑/黄热嵌合病毒Chimeri-JYF。
与母体株黄热病毒17D株相比,本发明嵌合病毒Chimeri-JYF(核苷酸序列如SEQIDNO:2所示)的毒性大大降低,而且免疫保护作用相同。本发明嵌合病毒Chimeri-JYF(核苷酸序列如SEQIDNO:2所示)的毒性小,免疫保护作用好,用其制备的疫苗可以有效预防黄热病毒感染,而且安全性好,可用于替代目前的黄热减毒活疫苗(17D株),在保证免疫保护效果的同时,有效提高临床使用的安全性,应用前景良好。
显然,根据本发明的上述内容,按照本领域的普通技术知识和惯用手段,在不脱离本发明上述基本技术思想前提下,还可以做出其它多种形式的修改、替换或变更。
以下通过实施例形式的具体实施方式,对本发明的上述内容再作进一步的详细说明。但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实例。凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
附图说明
图1pACNR-JEV5′及pACNR-JEV3′半分子构建示意图
图2乙脑病毒SA14-14-2全长克隆pJFC质粒结构示意图
图3pJFC全长质粒酶切鉴定图谱
图4恢复病毒rJEV的RT-PCR鉴定
图5JEV恢复病毒细胞病变特征
图6免疫荧光检测rJEV
图7JEV恢复病毒与疫苗株蚀斑形态比较
图8乙脑/黄热嵌合片段5′半分子质粒pJE/YF-5′的构建
图9乙脑/黄热嵌合全长克隆构建及鉴定
图10Chimeri-JYF转染PHK细胞病变特征
图11免疫荧光鉴定恢复病毒Chimeri-JYF
图12Chimeri-JYF在BHK21细胞上蚀斑形态
图13Chimeri-JYF在原代地鼠肾细胞的生长曲线
图14Chimeri-JYF免疫对小鼠免疫保护作用
具体实施实例
实施例1本发明嵌合病毒的构建
一、含JEV疫苗株SA14-14-2全长感染性全长cDNA克隆的构建、鉴定及重组病毒的恢复
1、低拷贝质粒pACNR多克隆位点的改造
分别溶解Oligo-1(5'-CGCGCCATTAGGCGCCTTATAGATCTAATGTCCGGATTATGGATCCTGATTGATCATTATTCTAGAATTAC-3',下划线处依次为KasI、BglII、BspEI、BamHI、BclI、XbaI识别位点)和Oligo-2(5'-TCGAGTAATTCTAGAATAATGATCAATCAGGATCCATAATCCGGACATTAGATCTATAAGGCGCCTAATGG-3',与Oligo-1形成互补双链后,5'和3'端分别形成AscI和Xhol酶切后粘端,皆由上海英潍捷基生物技术有限公司)于100μl灭菌双蒸水中,各取10μl混合,加热到100℃后自然冷却,取2μl与用AscI和Xhol双酶切的pACNR于4℃连接过夜(限制性内切酶和连接试剂盒皆为美国NEB公司产品),转化感受态细胞TOP10(天根生化科技(北京)有限公司),挑取氨苄青霉素抗性克隆抽提质粒做测序鉴定(上海英潍捷基生物技术有限公司)。
测序结果表明:酶切位点被植入质粒的多克隆区,完成了质粒的多克隆区的位点改造,为进一步克隆全长cDNA做好准备。
2、JEV疫苗株SA14-14-2病毒RNA的抽提
JEVSA14-14-2疫苗病毒由成都生物制品研究所有限责任公司生产,按说明书溶解JEVSA14-14-2冻干粉剂,取400μl病毒液用Roche公司生产的RNA抽提试剂盒(HighpureviralRNAkit)进行RNA的抽提(按说明书进行),RNA保存于-80℃备用。
3、病毒cDNA的逆转录
将提取的病毒RNA(分别取11μl)分别用两条引物RR5(5'-GACTGCTTCCTGTGATTGCA-3')和RR13(5'-AGATCCTGTGTTCTTCCTCACCACCAGCTACA-3')逆转录病毒cDNA,所用试剂盒为Invitrogen公司SuperScriptTMIIIReverseTranscriptase,引物由上海英潍捷基生物技术有限公司合成,方法参照试剂盒说明书进行。
4、病毒cDNA片段的PCR扩增及测序
取2μl病毒cDNA为模板,分别用引物F1和R1、F2和R3、F4和R4、F5和R6、F7和R8、F9和R10、F11和R11配对扩增相应的cDNA片段(表1),所用DNA聚合酶为TaKaRa公司的PrimeSTAR,用降落PCR(Touch-downPCR)进行扩增,扩增条件为:98℃2min;98℃10sec,58.5℃→53.5℃10sec72℃kb/min,10循环;98℃10sec53.5℃10sec,72℃kb/min,20循环;72℃10min。扩增的DNA片段用TaKaRa公司的DNA聚合酶LA进行加A反应:10×LAbuffer1μl,dNTP1μl,DNA7.5μl,LA0.5μl,72℃30min.反应结束,直接与TaKaRa公司的T载体pMD19-T进行连接反应。2×ligationbuffer5μl,pMD19-T1μl,加A的PCR产物3μl,ligase1μl,4℃连接过夜。连接产物铺于含有氨苄青霉素、IPTG和X-gal的LB平板,次日,挑取无色菌落增菌培养,抽提质粒进行酶切和测序鉴定。
结果显示:以cDNA为模板,扩增出了与理论大小相应的7个DNA片段,大小分别为0.5kb,2.2kb,0.8kb,2.1kb,1.5kb,2.1kb,1.8kb。并且,7个片段都成功克隆到pMD19-T,测序结果表明:除了片段1和2人为引入的沉默突变以外,所有片段均无碱基突变、插入和缺失。
表1克隆所用引物
5、含有JEV5′半分子(碱基1-3450)质粒和3’半分子(碱基3335-10977)的构建及酶切鉴定
将5'端的3个扩增片段(大小分别为0.5kb,2.2kb,0.8kb)的TA克隆分别用AscI和KasI、KasI和BglII、BglII和BspEI双酶切后,回收目的片段,依次克隆到低拷贝质粒pACNR中,得到含有JEV5'半分子质粒pACNR-JEV5’(1-3450nt)。把所扩增的3'端4个DNA片段(大小分别为2.1kb,1.5kb,2.1kb,1.8kb)的TA克隆分别用限制内切酶BspEI和BamHI、BamHI和BclI、BclI和XbaI、XbaI和XhoI双酶切后,回收目的片段,依次克隆到低拷贝质粒pACNR中,得到含有JEV3'半分子的质粒pACNR-JEV3’(3445-10977nt)。(图1)结果表明:3个大小不同的DNA片段被成功克隆到低拷贝质粒中。
6、含JEV病毒全长cDNA的构建及鉴定
分别用BspEI和XhoI双酶切质粒pACNR-JEV3’,回收7.5kb大小的DNA片段,与用相同酶切的低拷贝质粒pACNR5’连接,筛选鉴定重组子,即为含乙脑病毒SA14-14-2基因组的全长cDNA克隆质粒,命名为pJFC(1-10977)。(见图2)。
用QIAGEN公司的大提试剂盒(QIAfilterPlasmidMaxiKit)大量提取质粒,送上海英潍捷基生物技术有限公司测序,并同时用限制性内切酶对质粒进行酶切鉴定。
结果表明:酶切结果与理论相吻合,出现4941,4498,2000,1392,613和138等8条预期条带,见图3;测序结果表明:除人为引入的C蛋白基因第378个核苷酸的沉默突变以外,其余各部分无碱基突变、插入和缺失。
7、JEV全长感染性cDNA克隆的体外转录、转染及JEV恢复病毒(rJEV)的获得及传代
于37℃用Xhol消化pJFC约3h后,加入绿豆核酸酶于30℃作用30min,加入终浓度为1g/L的SDS灭活绿豆核酸酶,PCR产物回收试剂盒回收线性化的酶切片段,以回收片段为模板,用美国Promega公司体外转录试剂盒(PromegaRiboMAXLargeScaleRNAProductionSystems-SP6)体外转录RNA,并用QIAGEN公司RNA回收试剂盒(RNAeasyminikit)回收RNA,电转染BHK21细胞(电转染条件为140伏电压),并转移至T-25培养瓶于37℃、5%的CO2培养5d,至出现明显细胞病变,用冻融法收集培养液上清,命名为rJEV。取第一代(p1)病毒上清于BHK21细胞做病毒滴度测定。并用上清接种BHK21细胞,收获上清的方法进行病毒传代。
结果显示:转染BHK21细胞5天,可见细胞出现病变(图4)。病毒滴度约为6.0lgPFU/ml,在原代地鼠肾细胞上传代rJEV恢复病毒滴度可达7.2lgPFU/ml,与疫苗株相似。
8、重组病毒rJEV的RT-PCR鉴定
取p3代病毒上清,用罗氏公司高纯度病毒RNA抽提试剂盒(HighPureViralRNAKit)抽提rJEV病毒RNA,用引物RR5(5'-GACTGCTTCCTGTGATTGCA-3')和RR13(5'-AGATCCTGTGTTCTTCCTCACCACCAGCTACA-3')逆转录病毒cDNA,以此为模板,分别用引物F1和R3、F4和R5、F6和R7、F8和R9、F10和R10、F11和R11配对进行PCR扩增,所得PCR片段纯化后送上海英潍捷基生物技术有限公司进行序列测定。
结果表明:PCR片段大小与理论相吻合(大小分别为2.6kb,2.1kb,1.8kb,1.7kb,1.0kb,1.8kb),见图5,测序结果表明C蛋白基因第378位碱基含有人为引入的沉默突变(A→C),其余各处未发现碱基突变。
9、免疫荧光鉴定恢复病毒
接种3×104个LLC-MK2细胞到96孔板中,次日,待细胞长成单层,按103PFU/孔接种P3代病毒到孔中,于37℃、5%的CO2培养2天,吸去培养液,PBS洗涤1次细胞,加入甲醇室温固定20min,弃去甲醇,PBS洗涤3次,加入0.2%Tritonx-100室温透膜10min,PBS洗涤1次,加入抗JEVE蛋白单克隆抗体(1:10,美国Abcam公司),37℃孵育1h,PBS洗涤3次,加入FITC标记的羊抗小鼠二抗(1:100,美国SantaCrus公司),37℃孵育1h,PBS洗涤3次,荧光显微镜观察并拍照,见图6。
10、rJEV在BHK21细胞上的蚀斑形态
在六孔板中培养BHK21细胞,待细胞融合度达80%-90%左右,接种p3代重组病毒和疫苗株,37℃吸附1h,覆盖物用终浓度为10g/L的低熔点琼脂糖,于37℃、5%CO2培养5d后用10g/L的结晶紫染色检测病毒滴度、蚀斑形态和大小。
结果表明:rJEV和JEV疫苗株SA14-14-2在BHK21细胞上可以形成大小形态相似的蚀斑,见图7。
11、rJEV神经毒力的检测
分别用0.03ml(含病毒3.5lgPFU)和0.02ml(含病毒3.3lgPFU)病毒液接种4周龄BALB/c小鼠和3-5天的BALB/c乳鼠各10只,饲养14天,观察病毒对乳鼠和小鼠的神经毒力(表2)。结果表明乙脑恢复病毒rJEV在小鼠神经毒力方面与乙脑疫苗株完全一致,可以作为基因骨架进行嵌合病毒疫苗的构建。
表2恢复病毒神经毒力检测
二、本发明乙脑/黄热嵌合病毒的制备和鉴定
1、黄热病毒17D株prM/E蛋白编码基因的扩增
1.1黄热病毒RNA的抽提
黄热减毒活疫苗由北京天坛生物制品股份有限公司生产,按说明书溶解冻干粉剂,取400μl病毒液用Roche公司生产的RNA提取试剂盒(HighpureviralRNAkit)进行RNA的抽提(按说明书进行),RNA保存于-80℃备用。
1.2病毒cDNA的逆转录
以提取的病毒RNA(分别取11μl)为模板,用随机引物进行逆转录,合成cDNA,所用试剂盒为Invitrogen公司SuperScriptTMIIIReverseTranscriptase,引物由上海英潍捷基生物技术有限公司合成,方法参照试剂盒说明书进行。
1.3黄热病毒prME插入片段的PCR扩增
取2μl病毒cDNA为模板,分别用引物JEV473F和FUSION-R、FUSION-F和EV2650R配对扩增相应的片段(引物信息见表3),所用DNA聚合酶为NEB公司的超保真DNA聚合酶,用降落PCR(Touch-downPCR)进行扩增,扩增条件为:98℃2min;98℃10sec,58.5℃→53.5℃10sec72℃,2min,10循环;98℃10sec53.5℃10sec,72℃,2min,20循环;72℃10min。扩增的2个片段各取5ul作为模板,进行融合PCR,条件同上。扩增出覆盖黄热病毒prME基因以及乙脑病毒SA14-14-2的E蛋白基因最后9个核苷酸和NS1基因前187个核苷酸的片段,命名为17DprME+。
表3黄热病毒prME+NS1部分片段的PCR扩增引物
2、乙脑/黄热嵌合片段5′半分子质粒pJE/YF-5′的构建
将扩增的基因片段17DprME+(包含乙脑病毒SA14-14-2的E蛋白基因最后9个核苷酸和NS1基因前187个核苷酸的片段)用限制内切酶KasI和BglII酶切,回收2.1kb的DNA片段,同时用相同的两个限制内切酶切割5′半分子克隆pACNR-JEV5′,并回收大片段(4.0kb),将两个片段连接并转化感受态细胞TOP10,挑选阳性克隆并进行酶切和测序鉴定,并命名为pJE/YF-5′(图8)。
3、乙脑/黄热全长cDNA克隆的构建及鉴定
将构建的乙脑/黄热5′半分子质粒pJE/YF-5′和乙脑3′半分子质粒pACNR-JEV3′同时用限制内切酶BspEI和XhoI酶切,分别回收大小为6.1kb和7.5kb的DNA片段,连接并转化感受态细胞TOP10,挑选阳性克隆即为乙脑/黄热全长cDNA克隆,命名为pJYF-FC(图9A);通过对pJYF-FC进行HindIII酶切验证,结果表明可产生4条预期大小条带,分别是9541bp、2000bp、1392bp和613bp,和预期一致(图9B);对pJYF-FC进行全长测序结果表明,pJYF-FC没有发生任何突变和预期一致。
本发明本发明乙脑/黄热嵌合病毒的cDNA克隆(pJYF-FC)的核苷酸序列(SEQIDNO.1)为:
agaagtttatctgtgtgaacttcttggcttagtatcgtagagaagaatcgagagattagtgcagtttaaacagttttttagaacggaagataaccatgactaaaaaaccaggagggcccggtaaaaaccgggctatcaatatgctgaaacgcggcctaccccgcgtattcccactagtgggagtgaagagggtagtaatgagcttgttggacggcagagggccagtacgtttcgtgctggctcttatcacgttcttcaagtttacagcattagccccgaccaaggcgctttcaggccgatggaaagcagtggaaaagagtgtggcaatgaaacatcttactagtttcaaacgagaacttggaacactcattgacgccgtgaacaagcggggcagaaagcaaaacaaaagaggaggaaatgaaggctcaatcatgtggctcgcgagcttggcagttgtcatagcttgtgcaggcgccgtgaccttggtgcggaaaaacagatggttgctcctaaatgtgacatctgaggacctcgggaaaacattctctgtgggcacaggcaactgcacaacaaacattttggaagccaagtactggtgcccagactcaatggaatacaactgtcccaatctcagtccaagagaggagccagatgacattgattgctggtgctatggggtggaaaacgttagagtcgcatatggtaagtgtgactcagcaggcaggtctaggaggtcaagaagggccattgacttgcctacgcatgaaaaccatggtttgaagacccggcaagaaaaatggatgactggaagaatgggtgaaaggcaactccaaaagattgagagatggttcgtgaggaaccccttttttgcagtgacggctctgaccattgcctaccttgtgggaagcaacatgacgcaacgagtcgtgattgccctactggtcttggctgttggtccggcctactcagctcactgcattggaattactgacagggatttcattgagggggtgcatggaggaacttgggtttcagctaccctggagcaagacaagtgtgtcactgttatggcccctgacaagccttcattggacatctcactagagacagtagccattgatagacctgctgaggtgaggaaagtgtgttacaatgcagttctcactcatgtgaagattaatgacaagtgccccagcactggagaggcccacctagctgaagagaacgaaggggacaatgcgtgcaagcgcacttattctgatagaggctggggcaatggctgtggcctatttgggaaagggagcattgtggcatgcgccaaattcacttgtgccaaatccatgagtttgtttgaggttgatcagaccaaaattcagtatgtcatcagagcacaattgcatgtaggggccaagcaggaaaattggaataccgacattaagactctcaagtttgatgccctgtcaggctcccaggaagtcgagttcattgggtatggaaaagctacactggaatgccaggtgcaaactgcggtggactttggtaacagttacatcgctgagatggaaacagagagctggatagtggacagacagtgggcccaggacttgaccctgccatggcagagtggaagtggcggggtgtggagagagatgcatcatcttgtcgaatttgaacctccgcatgccgccactatcagagtactggccctgggaaaccaggaaggctccttgaaaacagctcttactggcgcaatgagggttacaaaggacacaaatgacaacaacctttacaaactacatggtggacatgtttcttgcagagtgaaattgtcagctttgacactcaaggggacatcctacaaaatatgcactgacaaaatgttttttgtcaagaacccaactgacactggccatggcactgttgtgatgcaggtgaaagtgtcaaaaggagccccctgcaggattccagtgatagtagctgatgatcttacagcggcaatcaataaaggcattttggttacagttaaccccatcgcctcaaccaatgatgatgaagtgctgattgaggtgaacccaccttttggagacagctacattatcgttgggagaggagattcacgtctcacttaccagtggcacaaagagggaagctcaataggaaagttgttcactcagaccatgaaaggcgtggaacgcctggccgtcatgggagacaccgcctgggatttcagctccgctggagggttcttcacttcggttgggaaaggaattcatacggtgtttggctctgcctttcaggggctatttggcggcttgaactggataacaaaggtcatcatgggggcggtacttatatgggttggcatcaacacaagaaacatgacaatgtccatgagcatgatcttggtaggagtgatcatgatgtttttgtctctaggaGTGCATGCTgacactggatgtgccattgacatcacaagaaaagagatgagatgtggaagtggcatcttcgtgcacaacgacgtggaagcctgggtggataggtataaatatttgccagaaacgcccagatccctagcgaagatcgtccacaaagcgcacaaggaaggcgtgtgcggagtcagatctgtcactagactggagcaccaaatgtgggaagccgtaagggacgaattgaacgtcctgctcaaagagaatgcagtggacctcagtgtggttgtgaacaagcccgtgggaagatatcgctcagcccctaaacgcctatccatgacgcaagagaagtttgaaatgggctggaaagcatggggaaaaagcatcctctttgccccggaattggctaactccacatttgtcgtagatggacctgagacaaaggaatgccctgatgagcacagagcttggaacagcatgcaaatcgaagacttcggctttggcatcacatcaacccgtgtgtggctgaaaattagagaggagagcactgacgagtgtgatggagcgatcataggcacggctgtcaaaggacatgtggcagtccatagtgacttgtcgtactggattgagagtcgctacaacgacacatggaaacttgagagggcagtctttggagaggtcaaatcttgcacttggccagagacacacaccctttggggagatgatgttgaggaaagtgaactcatcattccgcacaccatagccggaccaaaaagcaagcacaatcggagggaagggtataagacacaaaaccagggaccttgggatgagaatggcatagtcttggactttgattattgcccagggacaaaagtcaccattacagaggattgtagcaagagaggcccttcggtcagaaccactactgacagtggaaagttgatcactgactggtgctgtcgcagttgctcccttccgcccctacgattccggacagaaaatggctgctggtacggaatggaaatcagacctgttatgcatgatgaaacaacactcgtcagatcacaggttcatgctttcaaaggtgaaatggttgacccttttcagctgggccttctggtgatgtttctggccacccaggaagtccttcgcaagaggtggacggccagattgaccattcctgcggttttgggggtcctacttgtgctgatgcttgggggtatcacttacactgatttggcgaggtatgtggtgctagtcgctgctgctttcgcagaggccaacagtggaggagacgtcctgcaccttgctttgattgctgtttttaagatccaaccagcatttttagtgatgaacatgcttagcacgagatggacgaaccaagaaaacgtggttctggtcctaggggctgcctttttccaattggcctcagtagatctgcaaataggagtccacggaatcctgaatgccgccgctatagcatggatgattgtccgagcgatcaccttccccacaacctcctccgtcaccatgccagtcttagcgcttctaactccggggatgagggctctatacctagacacttacagaatcatcctcctcgtcatagggatttgctccctgctgcacgagaggaaaaagaccatggcgaaaaagaaaggagctgtactcttgggcttagcgctcacatccactggatggttctcgcccaccactatagctgccggactaatggtctgcaacccaaacaagaagagagggtggccagctactgagtttttgtcggcagttggattgatgtttgccatcgtaggtggtttggccgagttggatattgaatccatgtcaatacccttcatgctggcaggtctcatggcagtgtcctacgtggtgtcaggaaaagcaacagatatgtggcttgaacgggccgccgacatcagctgggatatgggtgctgcaatcacaggaagcagtcggaggctggatgtgaaactggatgatgacggagattttcacttgattgatgatcccggtgttccatggaaggtctgggtcctgcgcatgtcttgcattggcttagccgccctcacgccttgggccatcgttcccgccgctttcggttattggctcactttaaaaacaacaaaaagagggggcgtgttttgggacacgccatccccaaaaccttgctcaaaaggagacaccactacaggagtctaccgaattatggctagagggattcttggcacttaccaggccggcgtcggagtcatgtacgagaatgttttccacacactatggcacacaactagaggagcagccattgtgagtggagaaggaaaattgacgccatactggggtagtgtgaaagaagaccgcatagcttacggaggcccatggaggtttgaccgaaaatggaatggaacagatgacgtgcaagtgatcgtggtagaaccggggaagggcgcagtaaacatccagacaaaaccaggagtgtttcggactcccttcggggaggttggggctgttagtctggattacccgcgaggaacatccggctcacccattctggat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ctcagcagtgccagtagattgggtgcccacaggcaggacatcctggtcaatacactcgaaaggagagtggatgaccacggaagacatgctgcaggtctggaacagagtttggattgaagaaaatgaatggatgatggacaagactccaatcacaagctggacagacgttccgtatgtgggaaagcgcgaggacatctggtgtggcagcctcatcggaacgcgatccagagcaacctgggctgagaacatctatgcggcgataaaccaggttagagctgtcattgggaaagaaaattatgttgactacatgacctcactcaggagatacgaagacgtcttgatccaggaagacagggtcatctagtgtgatttaaggtagaaaagtagactatgtaaacaatgtaaatgagaaaatgcatgcatatggagtcaggccagcaaaagctgccaccggatactgggtagacggtgctgcctgcgtctcagtcccaggaggactgggttaacaaatctgacaacagaaagtgagaaagccctcagaaccgtctcggaagtaggtccctgctcactggaagttgaaagaccaacgtcaggccacaaatttgtgccactccgctagggagtgcggcctgcgcagccccaggaggactgggttaccaaagccgttgaggcccccacggcccaagcctcgtctaggatgcaatagacgaggtgtaaggactagaggttagaggagaccccgtggaaacaacaacatgcggcccaagccccctcgaagctgtagaggaggtggaaggactagaggttagaggagaccccgcatttgcatcaaacagcatattgacacctgggaatagactgggagatcttctgctctatctcaacatcagctactaggcacagagcgccgaagtatgtagctggtggtgaggaagaacacaggatct
4、病毒RNA的体外转录、转染及嵌合病毒的获得及传代
于37℃用Xhol消化pJYF-FC3h后,加入绿豆核酸酶于30℃作用30min,加入终浓度为1g/L的SDS灭活绿豆核酸酶,PCR产物回收试剂盒回收线性化的酶切片段,以回收片段为模板,用体外转录试剂盒体外转录RNA,并用RNA回收试剂盒回收RNA,电转染原代地鼠肾(PHK)细胞(电转染条件为140伏电压)后,转移至T25培养瓶中,于37℃、5%的CO2培养5d,用反复冻融的方法收集培养液上清,将获得的病毒命名为Chimeri-JYF,即本发明乙脑/黄热嵌合病毒,其核苷酸序列(SEQIDNO.2)为:
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用蚀斑检测法检测上清中的病毒。
结果显示:转染PHK细胞5天,细胞出现明显病变,所收获的病毒滴度约为6.0log10PFU/ml。用上清接种PHK细胞,在30h左右可以使PHK细胞出现细胞病变效应(图10)。
本发明乙脑/黄热嵌合病毒(SEQIDNO.2)及其cDNA克隆(SEQIDNO.1),可以按照上述方法制备,也可以按照现有核苷酸序列合成的常规方法直接合成得到。
5、免疫荧光鉴定恢复病毒Chimeri-JYF
接种3×104个BHK21细胞到96孔板中,次日,待细胞长成单层,按103PFU/孔接种Chimeri-JYF病毒到孔中,于37℃、5%的CO2培养2天,弃培养液,PBS洗涤1次细胞,加入甲醇室温固定20min,弃去甲醇,PBS洗涤3次,加入0.2%Tritonx-100室温透膜10min,PBS洗涤1次,加入抗黄热病毒17D株的E蛋白单克隆抗体(Abcam公司产品,1:100稀释),37℃孵育1h,PBS洗涤3次,加入FITC标记的羊抗小鼠二抗(武汉博士德公司产品,1:50稀释),37℃孵育1h,PBS洗涤3次,倒置荧光显微镜(Olympus公司产品)观察并拍照,结果见图11。结果表明,Chimeri-JYF可以正确表达黄热病毒E蛋白。
6、Chimeri-JYF在BHK21细胞上蚀斑形成及在PHK细胞生长情况
消化并将BHK21细胞分瓶至6孔板中,待细胞融合度达80%-90%左右,接种Chimeri-JYF病毒和疫苗株,37℃吸附1h,覆盖物用终浓度为10g/L的低熔点琼脂糖,于37℃、5%CO2培养5d后用10g/L的结晶紫染色检测病毒滴度、蚀斑形态和大小。用不同m.o.i.接种PHK细胞,每隔12小时收集病毒上清,检测病毒滴度,绘制生长曲线。
结果表明:Chimeri-JYF在BHK21细胞上形成的蚀斑显著小于乙脑减毒疫苗株病毒SA14-14-2和黄热减毒活疫苗株病毒17D形成的蚀斑,具有弱毒株特有的小蚀斑形态,见图12。在PHK细胞的生长曲线表明:采用不同m.o.i.接种PHK细胞,都能收获到滴度大于5.95lgPFU/ml的病毒(图13)。
试验结果说明,本发明制备得到了乙脑/黄热全长cDNA克隆,并进一步转录制备得到了乙脑/黄热嵌合病毒Chimeri-JYF。本发明乙脑/黄热嵌合病毒Chimeri-JYF可以正确表达黄热病毒E蛋白,且能大量复制,生长滴度高。
实施例2本发明疫苗的制备
将实施例1制备的嵌合病毒Chimeri-JYF,按照0.001~0.1M.O.I接种到原代地鼠肾细胞(PHK细胞),于36℃±1℃吸附1h后,加入含终浓度0.1%人血白蛋白的MEM维持液,36℃±1℃培养2-5天,待细胞出现明显CPE(细胞病变)后,收获上清,过滤后即为疫苗原液。
在疫苗原液中加上药学上可接受的辅料或者辅助性成分,即得本发明疫苗。
以下用实验例的方式来说明本发明的有益效果:
试验例1本发明嵌合病毒Chimeri-JYF的神经毒力检测
取实施例1制备的本发明乙脑/黄热嵌合病毒Chimeri-JYF(核苷酸序列如SEQIDNO:2所示),按照如下方法检测其神经毒力:
分别用0.03mlChimeri-JYF和黄热减毒疫苗17D株病毒液(含病毒3.5log10PFU)脑内接种3周龄昆明鼠各6只,饲养14天,观察病毒对小鼠的神经毒力。
结果如下表4:
表4恢复病毒神经毒力检测
由表4可以看出,黄热病毒17D株对3周龄小鼠具有很强的脑内神经毒力,而本发明嵌合病毒Chimeri-JYF对3周龄小鼠的脑内神经毒力很低。
试验结果说明,与母体株黄热病毒17D株相比,本发明嵌合病毒Chimeri-JYF(核苷酸序列如SEQIDNO:2所示)的毒性大大降低,用其制备疫苗,安全性显著提高。
试验例2本发明嵌合病毒Chimeri-JYF的免疫原性和免疫保护作用检测
取实施例1制备的本发明乙脑/黄热嵌合病毒Chimeri-JYF(核苷酸序列如SEQIDNO:2所示),按照如下方法检测其免疫原性和免疫保护作用:
1、免疫原性
用0.5ml病毒液(含有5.0log10PFU)腹腔接种3周龄昆明小鼠4只,两周后用同样地剂量加强免疫一次(同时用MEM做对照),在初免后4周处死小鼠,收集血清,用蚀斑减少中和实验(plaquereductionneutralizationtest,PRNT50)检测抗黄热病毒中和抗体滴度。首先倍比稀释抗血清(从1:5开始),接着每管加入100PFU病毒于37℃中和1h,将病毒与抗血清混合液加到单层BHK21细胞吸附1h,弃去上清,加入含有10g/L低熔点琼脂糖和2%新生牛血清的维持液于37℃、5%的CO2培养5d,蚀斑染色,计数各孔的蚀斑数,计算中和滴度,取50%中和能力的最高稀释倍数作为抗血清的中和效价。
结果表明,免疫的4只小鼠中和滴度都大于1:10,平均几何滴度为28.4,表明构建的乙脑/黄热嵌合病毒具有较好的免疫原性。详见表5:
表5Chimeri-JYF在小鼠体内的免疫原性测定
2、Chimeri-JYF免疫对小鼠免疫保护作用研究
用0.5ml(含有5.0log10PFU)的Chimeri-JYF病毒液腹腔免疫3周龄昆明小鼠,用MEM以及等量的黄热疫苗17D株和乙脑疫苗SA14-14-2作对照,分别于免疫后第4周和第6周用黄热病毒17D株(3.8log10PFU)脑腔注射的方式攻击,攻击后观察14天,统计小鼠的死亡率。
结果表明,对照组MEM无保护作用,攻毒后短时间内全部死亡,本发明嵌合病毒Chimeri-JYF与黄热减毒疫苗17D株具有相同的保护效果,无论是免疫后4周攻击(图14A)还是免疫后6周攻击(图14B),都能100%保护小鼠免受黄热病毒的脑内攻击。
试验结果说明,本发明嵌合病毒Chimeri-JYF(核苷酸序列如SEQIDNO:2所示)的免疫保护作用与母体株黄热病毒17D株相同,用其制备的疫苗可以很好地预防黄热病毒感染。
综上,与母体株黄热病毒17D株相比,本发明嵌合病毒Chimeri-JYF(核苷酸序列如SEQIDNO:2所示)的毒性大大降低,而且免疫保护作用相同,用其制备的疫苗可以有效预防黄热病毒感染,而且安全性好,可用于替代目前的黄热减毒活疫苗(17D株),在保证免疫保护效果的同时,有效提高临床使用的安全性,应用前景良好。

Claims (5)

1.一种乙脑/黄热嵌合病毒的cDNA克隆,其特征在于:其核苷酸序列如SEQIDNO.1所示。
2.一种乙脑/黄热嵌合病毒,其特征在于:其核苷酸序列如SEQIDNO.2所示。
3.权利要求2所述的乙脑/黄热嵌合病毒在制备预防黄热病的疫苗中的用途。
4.一种预防黄热病的疫苗,其特征在于:它是以权利要求2所述的嵌合病毒为活性成分,加上药学领域可接受的辅料或者辅助性成分制备而成。
5.权利要求4所述的疫苗在制备预防黄热病的药物中的用途。
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