CN105385991A - 一种带镀层的钻头的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种带镀层的钻头的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105385991A
CN105385991A CN201510868497.3A CN201510868497A CN105385991A CN 105385991 A CN105385991 A CN 105385991A CN 201510868497 A CN201510868497 A CN 201510868497A CN 105385991 A CN105385991 A CN 105385991A
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姚振红
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种带镀层的钻头的制备方法,该方法的制备步骤如下:先去除钻头表面的杂质和油污,烘干待用;将钻头装入电镀设备中,抽真空并加热;在氩气保护气氛下,真空沉积钨层;在氮气保护气氛下,进一步真空沉积铬氮层;在氮气保护气氛下,再进一步真空沉积钛氮层;在氮气保护气氛下,再进一步真空沉积硅铝氮层;自然冷却至室温,将钻头取出即可。本发明所制备的带镀层的钻头的显微硬度高达3100~3450HV,钢球磨损率为5.59×10-15~6.12×10-15?m3/mN,显示较高的硬度和耐磨性。

Description

一种带镀层的钻头的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于机加工工具领域,尤其涉及一种带镀层的钻头的制备方法。
背景技术
钻头是电钻中必不可少的部件之一。目前的钻头材料主要是硬质合金和高速钢。硬质合金材料具有硬度高、耐磨,但是在加工过程中,钻头易出现折断或者磨损过大等现象而需要不断更换,进而增加了加工成本;此外钻头磨损也是影响加工效率的主要因素。因此,需要一种硬度、耐磨性好和韧性都到一种平衡的钻头来适应更好的应用需求,以适应更加苛刻的环境使用。
发明内容
要解决的技术问题是:为了解决上述问题的至少一种,提供以一种高硬度且耐磨的带镀层的钻头的制备方法。
技术方案:为了解决上述问题,本发明提供了一种带镀层的钻头的制备方法,制备步骤如下:
(1)先去除钻头表面的杂质和油污,烘干待用;
(2)将钻头装入电镀设备中,抽真空并加热至550~750℃;
(3)在氩气保护气氛下,真空沉积钨层;
(4)在氮气保护气氛下,在步骤(3)的基础上,进一步真空沉积铬氮层;
(5)在氮气保护气氛下,在步骤(4)的基础上,再进一步真空沉积钛氮层;
(6)在氮气保护气氛下,在步骤(5)的基础上,再进一步真空沉积硅铝氮层;
(7)自然冷却至室温,将钻头取出即可。
所述步骤(1)中的钻头表面杂质去除的具体步骤为:先将钻头置于温度为60~70℃,5%的硝酸溶液中,处理2~3min;然后置于酒精和氢氧化钠的混合液中,所述酒精与氢氧化钠的质量比为10:1,控制混合液溶液的温度为45~50℃,处理6~10min;用去离子水清洗表面,用红外灯照射干燥后待用。
所述步骤(2)中的真空度为3×10-3Pa,所述加热温度为540℃。
所述步骤(3)中的真空沉积条件为:气压为0.05~0.09Pa,电压为-1300~-1800V。
所述步骤(4)中的真空沉积条件为:气压为0.4~0.9Pa,电压为-180~-300V。
所述步骤(5)中的真空沉积条件为:气压为0.2~0.6Pa,电压为-600~-800V。
所述步骤(6)中的真空沉积条件为:气压为0.2~0.5Pa,电压为-150~-250V。
本发明具有以下有益效果:本发明所制备的带镀层的钻头的显微硬度高达3100~3450HV,钢球磨损率为5.59×10-15~6.12×10-15m3/mN,显示较高的硬度和耐磨性;而对比例1和对比例2的显微硬度分别降低至1860HV和1950HV,此外钢球磨损率均提高了接近一个数量级,分别达到8.16×10-14m3/mN和7.42×10-14m3/mN,这说明在钻头的基层表面分别真空沉积铬氮层、钛氮层和硅铝氮层对最终的钻头硬度和磨损性均有一定影响,缺一不可,三层相互配合,可提供更高的硬度和耐磨性。
具体实施方式
为了进一步理解本发明,下面结合实施例对发明优选实施方案进行描述,但是应当理解,这些描述只是为进一步说明本发明的特征和优点,而不是对本发明权利要求的限制。
实施例1
一种带镀层的钻头的制备方法,制备步骤如下:
(1)先去除钻头表面的杂质和油污,烘干待用;其中,所述钻头表面杂质去除的具体步骤为:先将钻头置于温度为60℃,5%的硝酸溶液中,处理2min;然后置于酒精和氢氧化钠的混合液中,所述酒精与氢氧化钠的质量比为10:1,控制混合液溶液的温度为45℃,处理6min;用去离子水清洗表面,用红外灯照射干燥后待用;
(2)将钻头装入电镀设备中,抽真空并加热至550℃,所述真空度为3×10-3Pa,所述加热温度为540℃;
(3)在氩气保护气氛下,在气压为0.05Pa,电压为-1300V条件下,真空沉积钨层;
(4)在氮气保护气氛下,在步骤(3)的基础上,进一步真空沉积铬氮层,所述真空沉积条件为:气压为0.4Pa,电压为-180V;
(5)在氮气保护气氛下,在步骤(4)的基础上,再进一步真空沉积钛氮层,所述真空沉积条件为:气压为0.2Pa,电压为-600V;
(6)在氮气保护气氛下,在步骤(5)的基础上,再进一步真空沉积硅铝氮层,所述真空沉积条件为:气压为0.2Pa,电压为-150V;
(7)自然冷却至室温,将钻头取出即可。
实施例2
一种带镀层的钻头的制备方法,制备步骤如下:
(1)先去除钻头表面的杂质和油污,烘干待用;其中,所述钻头表面杂质去除的具体步骤为:先将钻头置于温度为65℃,5%的硝酸溶液中,处理2min;然后置于酒精和氢氧化钠的混合液中,所述酒精与氢氧化钠的质量比为10:1,控制混合液溶液的温度为48℃,处理8min;用去离子水清洗表面,用红外灯照射干燥后待用;
(2)将钻头装入电镀设备中,抽真空并加热至650℃,所述真空度为3×10-3Pa,所述加热温度为540℃;
(3)在氩气保护气氛下,在气压为0.07Pa,电压为-1500V条件下,真空沉积钨层;
(4)在氮气保护气氛下,在步骤(3)的基础上,进一步真空沉积铬氮层,所述真空沉积条件为:气压为0.6Pa,电压为-210V;
(5)在氮气保护气氛下,在步骤(4)的基础上,再进一步真空沉积钛氮层,所述真空沉积条件为:气压为0.4Pa,电压为-680V;
(6)在氮气保护气氛下,在步骤(5)的基础上,再进一步真空沉积硅铝氮层,所述真空沉积条件为:气压为0.3Pa,电压为-190V;
(7)自然冷却至室温,将钻头取出即可。
实施例3
一种带镀层的钻头的制备方法,制备步骤如下:
(1)先去除钻头表面的杂质和油污,烘干待用;其中,所述钻头表面杂质去除的具体步骤为:先将钻头置于温度为65℃,5%的硝酸溶液中,处理3min;然后置于酒精和氢氧化钠的混合液中,所述酒精与氢氧化钠的质量比为10:1,控制混合液溶液的温度为48℃,处理8min;用去离子水清洗表面,用红外灯照射干燥后待用;
(2)将钻头装入电镀设备中,抽真空并加热至650℃,所述真空度为3×10-3Pa,所述加热温度为540℃;
(3)在氩气保护气氛下,在气压为0.07Pa,电压为-1650V条件下,真空沉积钨层;
(4)在氮气保护气氛下,在步骤(3)的基础上,进一步真空沉积铬氮层,所述真空沉积条件为:气压为0.7Pa,电压为-240V;
(5)在氮气保护气氛下,在步骤(4)的基础上,再进一步真空沉积钛氮层,所述真空沉积条件为:气压为0.4Pa,电压为-700V;
(6)在氮气保护气氛下,在步骤(5)的基础上,再进一步真空沉积硅铝氮层,所述真空沉积条件为:气压为0.4Pa,电压为-200V;
(7)自然冷却至室温,将钻头取出即可。
实施例4
一种带镀层的钻头的制备方法,制备步骤如下:
(1)先去除钻头表面的杂质和油污,烘干待用;其中,所述钻头表面杂质去除的具体步骤为:先将钻头置于温度为70℃,5%的硝酸溶液中,处理3min;然后置于酒精和氢氧化钠的混合液中,所述酒精与氢氧化钠的质量比为10:1,控制混合液溶液的温度为50℃,处理10min;用去离子水清洗表面,用红外灯照射干燥后待用;
(2)将钻头装入电镀设备中,抽真空并加热至750℃,所述真空度为3×10-3Pa,所述加热温度为540℃;
(3)在氩气保护气氛下,在气压为0.09Pa,电压为-1800V条件下,真空沉积钨层;
(4)在氮气保护气氛下,在步骤(3)的基础上,进一步真空沉积铬氮层,所述真空沉积条件为:气压为0.9Pa,电压为-300V;
(5)在氮气保护气氛下,在步骤(4)的基础上,再进一步真空沉积钛氮层,所述真空沉积条件为:气压为0.6Pa,电压为-800V;
(6)在氮气保护气氛下,在步骤(5)的基础上,再进一步真空沉积硅铝氮层,所述真空沉积条件为:气压为0.5Pa,电压为-250V;
(7)自然冷却至室温,将钻头取出即可。
对比例1
一种带镀层的钻头的制备方法,制备步骤如下:
(1)先去除钻头表面的杂质和油污,烘干待用;其中,所述钻头表面杂质去除的具体步骤为:先将钻头置于温度为60℃,5%的硝酸溶液中,处理2min;然后置于酒精和氢氧化钠的混合液中,所述酒精与氢氧化钠的质量比为10:1,控制混合液溶液的温度为45℃,处理6min;用去离子水清洗表面,用红外灯照射干燥后待用;
(2)将钻头装入电镀设备中,抽真空并加热至550℃,所述真空度为3×10-3Pa,所述加热温度为540℃;
(3)在氩气保护气氛下,在气压为0.05Pa,电压为-1300V条件下,真空沉积钨层;
(4)在氮气保护气氛下,在步骤(3)的基础上,真空沉积硅铝氮层,所述真空沉积条件为:气压为0.2Pa,电压为-150V;
(5)自然冷却至室温,将钻头取出即可。
对比例2
一种带镀层的钻头的制备方法,制备步骤如下:
(1)先去除钻头表面的杂质和油污,烘干待用;其中,所述钻头表面杂质去除的具体步骤为:先将钻头置于温度为60℃,5%的硝酸溶液中,处理2min;然后置于酒精和氢氧化钠的混合液中,所述酒精与氢氧化钠的质量比为10:1,控制混合液溶液的温度为45℃,处理6min;用去离子水清洗表面,用红外灯照射干燥后待用;
(2)将钻头装入电镀设备中,抽真空并加热至550℃,所述真空度为3×10-3Pa,所述加热温度为540℃;
(3)在氩气保护气氛下,在气压为0.05Pa,电压为-1300V条件下,真空沉积钨层;
(4)在氮气保护气氛下,在步骤(3)的基础上,真空沉积钛氮层,所述真空沉积条件为:气压为0.2Pa,电压为-600V;
(5)自然冷却至室温,将钻头取出即可。
性能测试
下面对实施例和对比例所制备的带镀层的钻头进行机械性能测试,具体测试结果如下表所示:
由此可知,实施例1~4所制备的带镀层的钻头的显微硬度高达3100~3450HV,钢球磨损率为5.59×10-15~6.12×10-15m3/mN,显示较高的硬度和耐磨性;而对比例1和对比例2的显微硬度分别降低至1860HV和1950HV,此外钢球磨损率均提高了接近一个数量级,分别达到8.16×10-14m3/mN和7.42×10-14m3/mN,这说明在钻头的基层表面分别真空沉积铬氮层、钛氮层和硅铝氮层对最终的钻头硬度和磨损性均有一定影响,缺一不可,三层相互配合,可提供更高的硬度和耐磨性。

Claims (7)

1.一种带镀层的钻头的制备方法,其特征在于,制备步骤如下:
(1)先去除钻头表面的杂质和油污,烘干待用;
(2)将钻头装入电镀设备中,抽真空并加热至550~750℃;
(3)在氩气保护气氛下,真空沉积钨层;
(4)在氮气保护气氛下,在步骤(3)的基础上,进一步真空沉积铬氮层;
(5)在氮气保护气氛下,在步骤(4)的基础上,再进一步真空沉积钛氮层;
(6)在氮气保护气氛下,在步骤(5)的基础上,再进一步真空沉积硅铝氮层;
(7)自然冷却至室温,将钻头取出即可。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种带镀层的钻头的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中的钻头表面杂质去除的具体步骤为:先将钻头置于温度为60~70℃,5%的硝酸溶液中,处理2~3min;然后置于酒精和氢氧化钠的混合液中,所述酒精与氢氧化钠的质量比为10:1,控制混合液溶液的温度为45~50℃,处理6~10min;用去离子水清洗表面,用红外灯照射干燥后待用。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种带镀层的钻头的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中的真空度为3×10-3Pa,所述加热温度为540℃。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种带镀层的钻头的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中的真空沉积条件为:气压为0.05~0.09Pa,电压为-1300~-1800V。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种带镀层的钻头的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(4)中的真空沉积条件为:气压为0.4~0.9Pa,电压为-180~-300V。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种带镀层的钻头的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(5)中的真空沉积条件为:气压为0.2~0.6Pa,电压为-600~-800V。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种带镀层的钻头的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(6)中的真空沉积条件为:气压为0.2~0.5Pa,电压为-150~-250V。
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