CN105379825B - A kind of preparation method of non-heating power physical fresh-keeping water chestnut - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of non-heating power physical fresh-keeping water chestnut Download PDFInfo
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- CN105379825B CN105379825B CN201510964125.0A CN201510964125A CN105379825B CN 105379825 B CN105379825 B CN 105379825B CN 201510964125 A CN201510964125 A CN 201510964125A CN 105379825 B CN105379825 B CN 105379825B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/015—Preserving by irradiation or electric treatment without heating effect
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of non-heating power physical fresh-keeping water chestnut, solve that freshness date existing for the water chestnut product of existing preparation is short, mouthfeel, color and the poor problem of nutritive value.Technical solution is to pass through supercritical CO2The method of extraction extracts the phenolic substances in decladding water chestnut, then carries out vacuum packaging after irradiating cold sterilization and obtain water chestnut product.It is greatly improved by treated water chestnut preservation term, and excellent in color.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of food preservation, and in particular to a kind of non-heating power physical fresh-keeping water chestnut preservation method.
Background technique
Water chestnut is Trapaceae, the nickname of caltrop and Trapa maxinowiczii Korshinsky in water chestnut category.Also known as waist water chestnut, Shui Li, water chestnut are real, sweet in flavor, cool, nothing
Poison, is the fruit of annual herb water plant water chestnut, and water chestnut skin crisp meat U.S. is peeled off edible, can also cook gruel food after boiling.With benefit
The effect of urine promotes lactation, and quenches the thirst, relieving alcoholism.Its property of water chestnut, it is sweet, puckery, flat, it is nontoxic.Pulp is rich in starch, is furthermore glucose, egg
White matter, vitaminB, vitaminCDeng.Have antipyretic clear heat, QI invigorating stomach invigorating, only quench one's thirst, relieving alcoholism, diuresis promote lactation, anticancer and other effects.
Fresh water chestnut is eaten raw, and the heat that can relieve summer heat, only polydipsia, all hot summer weather hurts saliva, body warmheartedness is tired of, thirsty spontaneous perspiration, loss of appetite person, can make dietotherapy fruit
Product；Water chestnut prepared food is warm-natured, can strengthening the spleen and stomach, gas in benefit, the tired mind of all deficiency of the spleen causing weakness of QI, body is tired, do not feel like eating, the meciless person of four limbs preferably eat.
Prevention and treatment suitable for gastric ulcer, dysentery, the cancer of the esophagus, breast cancer, uterine cancer and other cancers.
Now, according to the nutritional character of water chestnut, existing correlative study person develops a variety of water chestnut antistaling process, such as：In
State number of patent application CN201310622790.2 " a kind of processing method of water chestnut can ", Chinese Patent Application No.
CN201010532221.5 " a kind of processing method of quick-frozen water caltrop kernels " etc..Research contents be with traditional heat sterilization,
Then after carrying out vacuum canned mode or enzyme deactivation, using the mode of chemical substance immersion treatment, lotus rhizome is carried out fresh-keeping.So
And the mode of heat sterilization inevitably impacts the quality of lotus rhizome such as color, mouthfeel and nutritive value, chemicals
There is also food safety hazards problems for matter immersion treatment.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to solve above-mentioned technical problem, provides and a kind of can be fresh-keeping for a long time and keep water chestnut
The preparation method of the non-heating power physical fresh-keeping water chestnut of color, mouthfeel and nutritive value.
Technical solution of the present invention is：Pass through supercritical CO2The method of extraction extracts the phenolic substances in decladding water chestnut
Come, then carries out vacuum packaging after irradiating cold sterilization and obtain water chestnut product.
The supercritical CO2When extraction, using ethyl alcohol as entrainer.
The decladding water chestnut is carrying out supercritical CO2Ultrasonic vibration is carried out while extraction with strengthening extraction effect.
Further, above method preparation method may comprise steps of：
(1), it selects：The water chestnut for selecting fresh nothing rotten, and remove some sundries.
(2), it cleans：Water chestnut is cleaned with clear water, be then placed in ultrasonic cleaning device with ultrapure water carry out cleaning 1~
1.5h。
(3), decladding：Clean water chestnut is subjected to decladding by hand.
(4), it impregnates：It is immersed in ultrapure water, above-mentioned pretreated water chestnut with starvation.
(5), supercritical CO2Superization is shaken while extraction：Water chestnut is packed into barrel, is then put into extraction kettle, is selected
Extraction temperature be 38~46 DEG C, 9~16MPa of extracting pressure, 38~46 DEG C of separation temperature, extraction time 30~60min, CO2Stream
Measure 7~10L/min, entrainer be molar fraction 7~10% ethanol solution, dosage for weighed water chestnut quality 12~
16%；Ultrasonic vibration enhanced supercritical CO is carried out simultaneously2Extraction process.
(6), vacuum packaging is drained：It will be through ultrasound-enhanced supercritical CO2Water chestnut after extraction processing is being protected from light, and low temperature 13~
It is quickly drained under the conditions of 18 DEG C, then uses PE plastic bag vacuum packing.
(7), cold sterilization is irradiated：It utilizes60Co- gamma-rays is secondary true to carrying out after vacuum-packed water chestnut progress radiation treatment
Empty package to obtain the final product.
In the step (5), control the ultrasonic vibration supersonic frequency be 16~21KHz, ultrasonic power be 160~
200W。
In the step (7), irradiating cold sterilization dose is 6~8kGy.
Supercritical CO is utilized in step (5) of the present invention2Extraction process can extract the phenolic substances in water chestnut, from
And water chestnut brown stain can be reduced, protect the color of water chestnut；Selected extraction temperature is 38~46 DEG C, and temperature selection is excessively high not only
It will cause the destruction of thermal sensitivity nutritional ingredient, and select higher temperature that can improve supercritical CO to a certain extent2Extraction
Ability causes the loss of water chestnut product nutrient substances；Selected extracting pressure is 9~16MPa, and it is not only right that extracting pressure improves
The anti-pressure ability of equipment proposes requirements at the higher level, and can improve supercritical CO2Extracting power, cause water chestnut product nutrient substances
It is lost；Selected extraction time is 30~60min, and extraction time is unsuitable too long, but to meet water chestnut and extremely strong penetration
Supercritical CO2It comes into full contact with, makes supercritical CO2Water chestnut deep layer can be penetrated；Selected CO2Flow is 7~10L/min, flow
It selects excessive, both will cause CO2Waste, can also improve supercritical CO to a certain extent2Extracting power, cause water chestnut product
The loss of nutriment, but too low CO2The phenolic substances that flow extracts in water chestnut is ineffective；
Entrainer select ethyl alcohol can further increase the effect of extracting of phenolic substances, it is preferable to use molar fraction 7~
10% ethanol solution, dosage are the 12~16% of weighed water chestnut quality, excessively will cause the stream of water chestnut product nutrient substances
It loses, it is very few ineffective to the phenolic substances in extraction water chestnut.
Further, inventor has been surprisingly found that under study for action, in supercritical CO2Ultrasonic vibration is carried out while extraction to be shown
It writes and improves supercritical CO2The effect of separating phenols substance, preferably supersonic frequency be 16~21KHz, ultrasonic power be 160~
200W.Excessively high supersonic frequency and power can put forward higher requirements ultrasonic device, and will cause water chestnut product nutrient substances
It is lost, too low supersonic frequency and power are then to supercritical CO2The promotion of effect of extracting is not significant.
After draining step is placed in extraction step in the present invention, before irradiating cold sterilization, through supercritical CO2It is extracted
Water chestnut is drained again, can effectively be reduced the generation of water chestnut brown stain, is then irradiated cold sterilization again, and micro- life of the inside is killed
Object, to achieve the purpose that better keeping fresh and protecting color.
Beneficial effect：
(1) using the processing mode of non-heating power, it can be good at protecting the heat-sensitive ingredients in water chestnut, keep the original of food
Taste.(2) chemical substance immersion treatment is not used, chemical substance bring food safety hazards problem is avoided.(3) ultrasound-enhanced
Supercritical CO2Extraction is than using merely supercritical CO2Extraction can more extract phenolic substances in water chestnut, effective to reduce
Water chestnut brown stain protects the color of water chestnut.(4) it is irradiated cold sterilization and vacuum packaging processing, greatly improves the preservation of water chestnut
Property.(5) cold storing and fresh-keeping was up to 38 days or more under the conditions of 1~5 DEG C for the water chestnut product of the method for the present invention preparation, color, mouthfeel
And nutritive value is effectively guaranteed, and has a vast market application prospect.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the technical solution in the present invention is clearly and completely described.
Embodiment 1
(1), it selects：The water chestnut for selecting fresh nothing rotten, and remove some sundries.
(2), it cleans：Water chestnut is cleaned with clear water, is then placed in ultrasonic cleaning device and carries out cleaning 1.5h with ultrapure water.
(3), decladding：Clean water chestnut is subjected to decladding by hand.
(4), it impregnates：It is immersed in ultrapure water, above-mentioned pretreated water chestnut with starvation.
(5), it extracts：50g water chestnut is packed into barrel, is then put into extraction kettle, slective extraction temperature is 46 DEG C, extraction pressure
Power 16MPa, 46 DEG C of separation temperature, extraction time 60min, CO2Flow 10L/min, entrainer are the ethyl alcohol of molar fraction 10%
Solution usage is the 16% of weighed water chestnut quality, while carrying out ultrasonic vibration enhanced supercritical CO2Extraction process, supersonic frequency
For 21KHz, ultrasonic power 200W.
(6), vacuum packaging is drained：Will through treated water chestnut be protected from light, 18 DEG C of low temperature under the conditions of quickly drain, use
Every bag of packing 100g of PE polybag, is then vacuum-packed.
(7), cold sterilization is irradiated：It utilizes60The processing of Co- gamma-ray irradiation, irradiating cold sterilization dose is 8kGy.
(8), outer packing is carried out：It is vacuum-packed, and packed using pre-packaged water chestnut of the aluminium foil bag to above-mentioned processing
Inside a pouch for being packaged with Fe powder deoxidier is put by 1% (w/w).
(9), it refrigerates：Cold storing and fresh-keeping under the conditions of 1 DEG C.
Embodiment 2
(1), it selects：The water chestnut for selecting fresh nothing rotten, and remove some sundries.
(2), it cleans：Water chestnut is cleaned with clear water, is then placed in ultrasonic cleaning device and carries out cleaning 1h with ultrapure water.
(3), decladding：Clean water chestnut is subjected to decladding by hand.
(4), it impregnates：It is immersed in ultrapure water, above-mentioned pretreated water chestnut with starvation.
(5), it extracts：50g water chestnut is packed into barrel, is then put into extraction kettle, slective extraction temperature is 42 DEG C, extraction pressure
Power 13MPa, 42 DEG C of separation temperature, extraction time 45min, CO2Flow 8.5L/min, entrainer are the second of molar fraction 8.5%
Alcoholic solution, dosage is the 14% of weighed water chestnut quality, while carrying out ultrasonic vibration enhanced supercritical CO2Extraction process, ultrasound
Frequency is 18KHz, ultrasonic power 180W.
(6), vacuum packaging is drained：Will through treated water chestnut be protected from light, 16 DEG C of low temperature under the conditions of quickly drain, use
Every bag of packing 100g of PE polybag, is then vacuum-packed.
(7), cold sterilization is irradiated：It utilizes60The processing of Co- gamma-ray irradiation, irradiating cold sterilization dose is 7kGy.
(8), outer packing is carried out：It is vacuum-packed, and packed using pre-packaged water chestnut of the aluminium foil bag to above-mentioned processing
Inside a pouch for being packaged with Fe powder deoxidier is put by 1% (w/w).
(9), it refrigerates：Cold storing and fresh-keeping under the conditions of 1 DEG C.
Embodiment 3
(1), it selects：The water chestnut for selecting fresh nothing rotten, and remove some sundries.
(2), it cleans：Water chestnut is cleaned with clear water, is then placed in ultrasonic cleaning device and carries out cleaning 1h with ultrapure water.
(3), decladding：Clean water chestnut is subjected to decladding by hand.
(4), it impregnates：It is immersed in ultrapure water, above-mentioned pretreated water chestnut with starvation.
(5), it extracts：50g water chestnut is packed into barrel, is then put into extraction kettle, slective extraction temperature is 40 DEG C, extraction pressure
Power 11MPa, 40 DEG C of separation temperature, extraction time 30min, CO2Flow 8.5L/min, entrainer are the second of molar fraction 8.5%
Alcoholic solution, dosage is the 14% of weighed water chestnut quality, while carrying out ultrasonic vibration enhanced supercritical CO2Extraction process, ultrasound
Frequency is 18KHz, ultrasonic power 180W.
(6), vacuum packaging is drained：Will through treated water chestnut be protected from light, 15 DEG C of low temperature under the conditions of quickly drain, use
Every bag of packing 100g of PE polybag, is then vacuum-packed.
(7), cold sterilization is irradiated：It utilizes60The processing of Co- gamma-ray irradiation, irradiating cold sterilization dose is 7kGy.
(8), outer packing is carried out：It is vacuum-packed, and packed using pre-packaged water chestnut of the aluminium foil bag to above-mentioned processing
Inside a pouch for being packaged with Fe powder deoxidier is put by 1% (w/w).
(9), it refrigerates：Cold storing and fresh-keeping under the conditions of 1 DEG C.
Embodiment 4
(1), it selects：The water chestnut for selecting fresh nothing rotten, and remove some sundries.
(2), it cleans：Water chestnut is cleaned with clear water, is then placed in ultrasonic cleaning device and carries out cleaning 1h with ultrapure water.
(3), decladding：Clean water chestnut is subjected to decladding by hand.
(4), it impregnates：It is immersed in ultrapure water, above-mentioned pretreated water chestnut with starvation.
(5), it extracts：50g water chestnut is packed into barrel, is then put into extraction kettle, slective extraction temperature is 38 DEG C, extraction pressure
Power 9MPa, 38 DEG C of separation temperature, extraction time 30min, CO2Flow 7L/min, entrainer are that the ethyl alcohol of molar fraction 7% is molten
Liquid, dosage is the 12% of weighed water chestnut quality, while carrying out ultrasonic vibration enhanced supercritical CO2Extraction process, supersonic frequency
For 16KHz, ultrasonic power 160W.
(6), vacuum packaging is drained：Will through treated water chestnut be protected from light, 13 DEG C of low temperature under the conditions of quickly drain, use
Every bag of packing 100g of PE polybag, is then vacuum-packed.
(7), cold sterilization is irradiated：It utilizes60The processing of Co- gamma-ray irradiation, irradiating cold sterilization dose is 6kGy.
(8), outer packing is carried out：It is vacuum-packed, and packed using pre-packaged water chestnut of the aluminium foil bag to above-mentioned processing
Inside a pouch for being packaged with Fe powder deoxidier is put by 1% (w/w).
(9), it refrigerates：Cold storing and fresh-keeping under the conditions of 1 DEG C.
Comparison example 1：Without using supercritical CO2Extraction processing
(1), it selects：The water chestnut for selecting fresh nothing rotten, and remove some sundries.
(2), it cleans：Water chestnut is cleaned with clear water, is then placed in ultrasonic cleaning device and carries out cleaning 1h with ultrapure water.
(3), decladding：Clean water chestnut is subjected to decladding by hand.
(4), it impregnates：It is immersed in ultrapure water, above-mentioned pretreated water chestnut with starvation.
(5), vacuum packaging is drained：Will through treated water chestnut be protected from light, 18 DEG C of low temperature under the conditions of quickly drain, use
Every bag of packing 100g of PE polybag, is then vacuum-packed.
(6), cold sterilization is irradiated：It utilizes60The processing of Co- gamma-ray irradiation, irradiating cold sterilization dose is 8kGy.
(7), outer packing is carried out：It is vacuum-packed, and packed using pre-packaged water chestnut of the aluminium foil bag to above-mentioned processing
Inside a pouch for being packaged with Fe powder deoxidier is put by 1% (w/w).
(8), it refrigerates：Cold storing and fresh-keeping under the conditions of 1 DEG C.
Comparison example 2：Supercritical CO is used merely2Extraction processing
(1), it selects：The water chestnut for selecting fresh nothing rotten, and remove some sundries.
(2), it cleans：Water chestnut is cleaned with clear water, is then placed in ultrasonic cleaning device and carries out cleaning 1h with ultrapure water.
(3), decladding：Clean water chestnut is subjected to decladding by hand.
(4), it impregnates：It is immersed in ultrapure water, above-mentioned pretreated water chestnut with starvation.
(5), it extracts：50g water chestnut is packed into barrel, is then put into extraction kettle, slective extraction temperature is 46 DEG C, extraction pressure
Power 16MPa, 46 DEG C of separation temperature, extraction time 60min, CO2Flow 10L/min, entrainer are the ethyl alcohol of molar fraction 10%
Solution, dosage are the 16% of weighed water chestnut quality.
(6), vacuum packaging is drained：Will through treated water chestnut be protected from light, 18 DEG C of low temperature under the conditions of quickly drain, use
Every bag of packing 100g of PE polybag, is then vacuum-packed.
(7), cold sterilization is irradiated：It utilizes60The processing of Co- gamma-ray irradiation, irradiating cold sterilization dose is 8kGy.
(8), outer packing is carried out：It is vacuum-packed, and packed using pre-packaged water chestnut of the aluminium foil bag to above-mentioned processing
Inside a pouch for being packaged with Fe powder deoxidier is put by 1% (w/w).
(9), it refrigerates：Cold storing and fresh-keeping under the conditions of 1 DEG C.
Comparison example 3：Without using radiation sterilizing
(1), it selects：The water chestnut for selecting fresh nothing rotten, and remove some sundries.
(2), it cleans：Water chestnut is cleaned with clear water, is then placed in ultrasonic cleaning device and carries out cleaning 1h with ultrapure water.
(3), decladding：Clean water chestnut is subjected to decladding by hand.
(4), it impregnates：It is immersed in ultrapure water, above-mentioned pretreated water chestnut with starvation.
(5), it extracts：50g water chestnut is packed into barrel, is then put into extraction kettle, slective extraction temperature is 46 DEG C, extraction pressure
Power 16MPa, 46 DEG C of separation temperature, extraction time 60min, CO2Flow 10L/min, entrainer are the ethyl alcohol of molar fraction 10%
Solution, dosage are the 16% of weighed water chestnut quality, ultrasonic vibration enhanced supercritical CO2Extraction process, supersonic frequency are
21KHz, ultrasonic power 200W.
(6), vacuum packaging is drained：Will through treated water chestnut be protected from light, 18 DEG C of low temperature under the conditions of quickly drain, use
Every bag of packing 100g of PE polybag, is then vacuum-packed.
(7), outer packing is carried out：It is vacuum-packed, and packed using pre-packaged water chestnut of the aluminium foil bag to above-mentioned processing
Inside a pouch for being packaged with Fe powder deoxidier is put by 1% (w/w).
(8), it refrigerates：Cold storing and fresh-keeping under the conditions of 1 DEG C.
By water chestnut product made from embodiment 1-4 and comparative example 1-3 1 DEG C store 30 days after, each embodiment with
Machine chooses the PE plastic bag packaging of 3 samples removal In Aluminium Foil Packings and the inside, then using 3 samples of color difference meter sampling and measuring
Whiteness value, the other total plate count of 3 samples of sampling and measuring, and be averaged.
The experimental result of each case index of correlation of table 1
Claims (3)
1. a kind of preparation method of non-heating power physical fresh-keeping water chestnut, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
(1), it selects：The water chestnut for selecting fresh nothing rotten, and remove some sundries；
(2), it cleans：Water chestnut is cleaned with clear water, is then placed in ultrasonic cleaning device and carries out 1~1.5h of cleaning with ultrapure water；
(3), decladding：Clean water chestnut is subjected to decladding by hand；
(4), it impregnates：It is immersed in ultrapure water, above-mentioned pretreated water chestnut with starvation；
(5), supercritical CO2Ultrasonic vibration while extraction：Water chestnut is packed into barrel, is then put into extraction kettle, slective extraction temperature
Degree be 38~46 DEG C, 9~16MPa of extracting pressure, 38~46 DEG C of separation temperature, extraction time 30~60min, CO2Flow 7~
10L/min, entrainer are the ethanol solution of molar fraction 7~10%, and dosage is the 12~16% of weighed water chestnut quality；Simultaneously
Carry out ultrasonic vibration enhanced supercritical CO2Extraction process；
(6), vacuum packaging is drained：It will be through ultrasound-enhanced supercritical CO2Water chestnut after extraction processing is being protected from light, and 13~18 DEG C of low temperature
Under the conditions of quickly drain, then use PE plastic bag vacuum packing；
(7), cold sterilization is irradiated：It utilizes60Co- gamma-rays carries out secondary vacuum packet after carrying out radiation treatment to vacuum-packed water chestnut
It fills to obtain the final product.
2. the preparation method of non-heating power physical fresh-keeping water chestnut as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (4),
The supersonic frequency for controlling the ultrasonic vibration is 16~21KHz, and ultrasonic power is 160~200W.
3. the preparation method of non-heating power physical fresh-keeping water chestnut as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (7),
Irradiating cold sterilization dose is 6~10kGy.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101390533A (en) * | 2008-11-05 | 2009-03-25 | 陈兆喜 | Coconut hulling fresh-keeping process |
| CN103704421A (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2014-04-09 | 福州市东苹企业管理服务有限公司 | Ultrasonic supercritical combined extraction technology for tea polyphenol |
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