CN105379825A - Non-thermal physical fresh-keeping trapa bispinosa roxb preparation method - Google Patents

Non-thermal physical fresh-keeping trapa bispinosa roxb preparation method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105379825A
CN105379825A CN201510964125.0A CN201510964125A CN105379825A CN 105379825 A CN105379825 A CN 105379825A CN 201510964125 A CN201510964125 A CN 201510964125A CN 105379825 A CN105379825 A CN 105379825A
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water caltrop
extraction
water
supercritical
keeping
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CN105379825B (en
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汪超
胡开群
李冬生
石勇
徐宁
胡勇
周梦舟
李玮
王金华
何建军
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Hubei University of Technology
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
    • A23B7/015—Preserving by irradiation or electric treatment without heating effect
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Storage Of Fruits Or Vegetables (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Fruits And Vegetables (AREA)
  • Food Preservation Except Freezing, Refrigeration, And Drying (AREA)
  • Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a non-thermal physical fresh-keeping trapa bispinosa roxb preparation method so as to solve the problems of short fresh-keeping period, poor taste, poor color and poor nutrition value of the prepared trapa bispinosa roxb product in the prior art are solved. The technical scheme comprises that phenol substances in shelled trapa bispinosa roxb are extracted by using a supercritical CO2 extraction method, and irradiation cold sterilization and vacuum packaging are sequentially performed to obtain the trapa bispinosa roxb product. According to the present invention, the trapa bispinosa roxb treated through the method has characteristics of substantially improved storage period, excellent color, excellent aroma, and excellent taste.

Description

A kind of preparation method of non-heating power physical fresh-keeping water caltrop
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of food preservation, be specifically related to a kind of non-heating power physical fresh-keeping water caltrop preservation method.
Background technology
Water caltrop is Trapaceae, the caltrop during water chestnut belongs to and the another name of Trapa maxinowiczii Korshinsky.Have another name called waist water chestnut, Shui Li, water chestnut in fact, taste is sweet, cool, nontoxic, is the fruit of annual herb water plant water chestnut, and the crisp meat of water caltrop skin is beautiful, peels off edible after boiling, food of also can cooking gruel.There is the logical breast of diuresis, quench the thirst, deinebriating effect.Its property of water caltrop, sweet, puckery, flat, nontoxic.Pulp is rich in starch, is glucose, protein, vitamin in addition b, vitamin cdeng.Have antipyretic, the beneficial gas stomach invigorating of heat clearly, only quench one's thirst, the logical effect such as newborn, anticancer of relieving alcoholism, diuresis.Fresh water caltrop is eaten raw, heat of relieving summer heat, only polydipsia, all hot summer weather hinders that Tianjin, body warmheartedness are tired, thirsty spontaneous perspiration, poor appetite person, dietotherapy fruit can be made; Water caltrop prepared food is warm in nature, and gas in energy strengthening the spleen and stomach, benefit, the tired god of all deficiency of the spleen causing weakness of QI, body is tired, the meciless person of do not feel like eating, four limbs should eat.Be applicable to the control of gastric ulcer, dysentery, the cancer of the esophagus, breast cancer, the cancer of the uterus and other cancers.
Now, according to the nutritional character of water caltrop, existing correlative study person develops multiple water caltrop antistaling process, such as: Chinese Patent Application No. CN201310622790.2 " a kind of processing method of water caltrop can ", Chinese Patent Application No. CN201010532221.5 " a kind of processing method of quick-frozen water caltrop kernels " etc.Research contents is all with traditional heat sterilization, after then carrying out the canned mode of vacuum or the enzyme that goes out, uses the mode of chemical substance immersion treatment, carries out fresh-keeping to lotus rhizome.But the mode of heat sterilization inevitably impacts quality such as color, mouthfeel and the nutritive value of lotus rhizome, and chemical substance immersion treatment also exists food security potential problem.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve the problems of the technologies described above, provide a kind of can be fresh-keeping for a long time and keep the preparation method of the non-heating power physical fresh-keeping water caltrop of the color and luster of water caltrop, mouthfeel and nutritive value.
Technical solution of the present invention is: pass through supercritical CO 2the aldehydes matter shelled in water caltrop extracts by the method for extraction, then carries out the cold sterilization final vacuum of irradiation and be packaged to be water caltrop goods.
Described supercritical CO 2during extraction, using ethanol as entrainer.
The described water caltrop that shells is carrying out supercritical CO 2ultrasonic vibration is carried out with strengthening extraction effect while extraction.
Further, said method preparation method can comprise the following steps:
(1), select: select the water caltrop that fresh nothing is rotted, and remove some foreign material.
(2), clean: water caltrop clear water is cleaned, then puts into ultrasonic cleaning device ultra-pure water and carry out cleaning 1 ~ 1.5h.
(3), shell: shell manual for clean water caltrop.
(4), soak: by above-mentioned pretreated water caltrop, be immersed in ultra-pure water, with starvation.
(5), supercritical CO 2superization concussion while extraction: water caltrop is loaded barrel, then puts in extraction kettle, slective extraction temperature is 38 ~ 46 DEG C, extracting pressure 9 ~ 16MPa, separation temperature 38 ~ 46 DEG C, extraction time 30 ~ 60min, CO 2flow 7 ~ 10L/min, entrainer is the ethanolic solution of molar fraction 7 ~ 10%, and consumption is 12 ~ 16% of taken water caltrop quality; Carry out ultrasonic vibration enhanced supercritical CO simultaneously 2extraction process.
(6), vacuum packaging is drained: will through ultrasound-enhanced supercritical CO 2water caltrop after extraction process, in lucifuge, drains fast under low temperature 13 ~ 18 DEG C of conditions, then uses PE plastic bag vacuum packing.
(7), the cold sterilization of irradiation: utilize 60co-gamma-rays carries out secondary vacuum after carrying out radiation treatment to vacuum-packed water caltrop and packs and get final product.
In described step (5), the supersonic frequency controlling described ultrasonic vibration is 16 ~ 21KHz, and ultrasonic power is 160 ~ 200W.
In described step (7), the cold sterilization dose of irradiation is 6 ~ 8kGy.
Step of the present invention utilizes supercritical CO in (5) 2aldehydes matter in water caltrop can extract by extraction process, thus can reduce water caltrop brown stain, the color and luster of protection water caltrop; Selected extraction temperature is 38 ~ 46 DEG C, the too high destruction not only causing thermal sensitivity nutritional labeling of thermal creep stress, and selects higher temperature can improve supercritical CO to a certain extent 2extracting power, cause the loss of water caltrop product nutrient substances; Selected extracting pressure is 9 ~ 16MPa, and extracting pressure improves not only to the anti-pressure ability proposition requirements at the higher level of equipment, and can improve supercritical CO 2extracting power, cause water caltrop product nutrient substances to run off; Selected extraction time is 30 ~ 60min, and extraction time is unsuitable long, but will meet the supercritical CO of water caltrop and extremely strong penetration 2abundant contact, makes supercritical CO 2water caltrop deep layer can be penetrated; Selected CO 2flow is 7 ~ 10L/min, and flow is selected excessive, both can cause CO 2waste, also can improve supercritical CO to a certain extent 2extracting power, cause the loss of water caltrop product nutrient substances, but too low CO 2aldehydes matter poor effect in flow extraction water caltrop;
Entrainer selects ethanol can improve the effect of extracting of aldehydes matter further, the ethanolic solution of preferred use molar fraction 7 ~ 10%, consumption is 12 ~ 16% of taken water caltrop quality, too much can cause the loss of water caltrop product nutrient substances, very few to the aldehydes matter poor effect in extraction water caltrop.
Further, inventor surprisingly finds under study for action, at supercritical CO 2carry out ultrasonic vibration while extraction and can significantly improve supercritical CO 2the effect of separating phenols material, preferred supersonic frequency is 16 ~ 21KHz, and ultrasonic power is 160 ~ 200W.Too high supersonic frequency and power can propose higher requirement to ultrasonic device, and water caltrop product nutrient substances can be caused to run off, and too low supersonic frequency and power are then to supercritical CO 2the lifting of effect of extracting is not remarkable.
After draining step being placed in extraction step in the present invention, before the cold sterilization of irradiation, through supercritical CO 2water caltrop after extraction drains again, effectively can reduce the generation of water caltrop brown stain, and then through the cold sterilization of irradiation, kills the microorganism of the inside, thus reach the object of better keeping fresh and protecting color.
Beneficial effect:
(1) use the processing mode of non-heating power, can be good at protecting the heat-sensitive ingredients in water caltrop, keep the original flavor of food.(2) do not use chemical substance immersion treatment, avoid the food security potential problem that chemical substance is brought.(3) ultrasound-enhanced supercritical CO 2extraction is than using supercritical CO merely 2extraction can more extract aldehydes matter in water caltrop, and the brown stain of effective minimizing water caltrop, protects the color and luster of water caltrop.(4) through the cold sterilization of irradiation and vacuum packaging process, the keeping quality of water caltrop is greatly improved.(5) water caltrop goods cold storing and fresh-keeping under 1 ~ 5 DEG C of condition that prepared by the inventive method can reach more than 38 days, and its color and luster, mouthfeel and nutritive value are effectively guaranteed, and have wide market application foreground.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the technical scheme in the present invention is clearly and completely described.
Embodiment 1
(1), select: select the water caltrop that fresh nothing is rotted, and remove some foreign material.
(2), clean: water caltrop clear water is cleaned, then puts into ultrasonic cleaning device ultra-pure water and carry out cleaning 1.5h.
(3), shell: shell manual for clean water caltrop.
(4), soak: by above-mentioned pretreated water caltrop, be immersed in ultra-pure water, with starvation.
(5), extraction: 50g water caltrop is loaded barrel, and then put in extraction kettle, slective extraction temperature is 46 DEG C, extracting pressure 16MPa, separation temperature 46 DEG C, extraction time 60min, CO 2flow 10L/min, the ethanolic solution consumption that entrainer is molar fraction 10% is 16% of taken water caltrop quality, carries out ultrasonic vibration enhanced supercritical CO simultaneously 2extraction process, supersonic frequency is 21KHz, and ultrasonic power is 200W.
(6), vacuum packaging is drained: drained fast under lucifuge, low temperature 18 DEG C of conditions by the water caltrop after above-mentioned process, with PE polybag every bag of packing 100g, then carry out vacuum packaging.
(7), the cold sterilization of irradiation: utilize 60the process of Co-gamma-ray irradiation, the cold sterilization dose of irradiation is 8kGy.
(8), external packing is carried out: use the pre-packaged water caltrop of aluminium foil bag to above-mentioned process to carry out vacuum packaging, and put by 1% (w/w) pouch that a packaging has Fe powder deoxidier in packaging.
(9), refrigerate: cold storing and fresh-keeping under 1 DEG C of condition.
Embodiment 2
(1), select: select the water caltrop that fresh nothing is rotted, and remove some foreign material.
(2), clean: water caltrop clear water is cleaned, then puts into ultrasonic cleaning device ultra-pure water and carry out cleaning 1h.
(3), shell: shell manual for clean water caltrop.
(4), soak: by above-mentioned pretreated water caltrop, be immersed in ultra-pure water, with starvation.
(5), extraction: 50g water caltrop is loaded barrel, and then put in extraction kettle, slective extraction temperature is 42 DEG C, extracting pressure 13MPa, separation temperature 42 DEG C, extraction time 45min, CO 2flow 8.5L/min, entrainer is the ethanolic solution of molar fraction 8.5%, and consumption is 14% of taken water caltrop quality, carries out ultrasonic vibration enhanced supercritical CO simultaneously 2extraction process, supersonic frequency is 18KHz, and ultrasonic power is 180W.
(6), vacuum packaging is drained: drained fast under lucifuge, low temperature 16 DEG C of conditions by the water caltrop after above-mentioned process, with PE polybag every bag of packing 100g, then carry out vacuum packaging.
(7), the cold sterilization of irradiation: utilize 60the process of Co-gamma-ray irradiation, the cold sterilization dose of irradiation is 7kGy.
(8), external packing is carried out: use the pre-packaged water caltrop of aluminium foil bag to above-mentioned process to carry out vacuum packaging, and put by 1% (w/w) pouch that a packaging has Fe powder deoxidier in packaging.
(9), refrigerate: cold storing and fresh-keeping under 1 DEG C of condition.
Embodiment 3
(1), select: select the water caltrop that fresh nothing is rotted, and remove some foreign material.
(2), clean: water caltrop clear water is cleaned, then puts into ultrasonic cleaning device ultra-pure water and carry out cleaning 1h.
(3), shell: shell manual for clean water caltrop.
(4), soak: by above-mentioned pretreated water caltrop, be immersed in ultra-pure water, with starvation.
(5), extraction: 50g water caltrop is loaded barrel, and then put in extraction kettle, slective extraction temperature is 40 DEG C, extracting pressure 11MPa, separation temperature 40 DEG C, extraction time 30min, CO 2flow 8.5L/min, entrainer is the ethanolic solution of molar fraction 8.5%, and consumption is 14% of taken water caltrop quality, carries out ultrasonic vibration enhanced supercritical CO simultaneously 2extraction process, supersonic frequency is 18KHz, and ultrasonic power is 180W.
(6), vacuum packaging is drained: drained fast under lucifuge, low temperature 15 DEG C of conditions by the water caltrop after above-mentioned process, with PE polybag every bag of packing 100g, then carry out vacuum packaging.
(7), the cold sterilization of irradiation: utilize 60the process of Co-gamma-ray irradiation, the cold sterilization dose of irradiation is 7kGy.
(8), external packing is carried out: use the pre-packaged water caltrop of aluminium foil bag to above-mentioned process to carry out vacuum packaging, and put by 1% (w/w) pouch that a packaging has Fe powder deoxidier in packaging.
(9), refrigerate: cold storing and fresh-keeping under 1 DEG C of condition.
Embodiment 4
(1), select: select the water caltrop that fresh nothing is rotted, and remove some foreign material.
(2), clean: water caltrop clear water is cleaned, then puts into ultrasonic cleaning device ultra-pure water and carry out cleaning 1h.
(3), shell: shell manual for clean water caltrop.
(4), soak: by above-mentioned pretreated water caltrop, be immersed in ultra-pure water, with starvation.
(5), extraction: 50g water caltrop is loaded barrel, and then put in extraction kettle, slective extraction temperature is 38 DEG C, extracting pressure 9MPa, separation temperature 38 DEG C, extraction time 30min, CO 2flow 7L/min, entrainer is the ethanolic solution of molar fraction 7%, and consumption is 12% of taken water caltrop quality, carries out ultrasonic vibration enhanced supercritical CO simultaneously 2extraction process, supersonic frequency is 16KHz, and ultrasonic power is 160W.
(6), vacuum packaging is drained: drained fast under lucifuge, low temperature 13 DEG C of conditions by the water caltrop after above-mentioned process, with PE polybag every bag of packing 100g, then carry out vacuum packaging.
(7), the cold sterilization of irradiation: utilize 60the process of Co-gamma-ray irradiation, the cold sterilization dose of irradiation is 6kGy.
(8), external packing is carried out: use the pre-packaged water caltrop of aluminium foil bag to above-mentioned process to carry out vacuum packaging, and put by 1% (w/w) pouch that a packaging has Fe powder deoxidier in packaging.
(9), refrigerate: cold storing and fresh-keeping under 1 DEG C of condition.
Comparison example 1: do not use supercritical CO 2extraction process
(1), select: select the water caltrop that fresh nothing is rotted, and remove some foreign material.
(2), clean: water caltrop clear water is cleaned, then puts into ultrasonic cleaning device ultra-pure water and carry out cleaning 1h.
(3), shell: shell manual for clean water caltrop.
(4), soak: by above-mentioned pretreated water caltrop, be immersed in ultra-pure water, with starvation.
(5), vacuum packaging is drained: drained fast under lucifuge, low temperature 18 DEG C of conditions by the water caltrop after above-mentioned process, with PE polybag every bag of packing 100g, then carry out vacuum packaging.
(6), the cold sterilization of irradiation: utilize 60the process of Co-gamma-ray irradiation, the cold sterilization dose of irradiation is 8kGy.
(7), external packing is carried out: use the pre-packaged water caltrop of aluminium foil bag to above-mentioned process to carry out vacuum packaging, and put by 1% (w/w) pouch that a packaging has Fe powder deoxidier in packaging.
(8), refrigerate: cold storing and fresh-keeping under 1 DEG C of condition.
Comparison example 2: use supercritical CO merely 2extraction process
(1), select: select the water caltrop that fresh nothing is rotted, and remove some foreign material.
(2), clean: water caltrop clear water is cleaned, then puts into ultrasonic cleaning device ultra-pure water and carry out cleaning 1h.
(3), shell: shell manual for clean water caltrop.
(4), soak: by above-mentioned pretreated water caltrop, be immersed in ultra-pure water, with starvation.
(5), extraction: 50g water caltrop is loaded barrel, and then put in extraction kettle, slective extraction temperature is 46 DEG C, extracting pressure 16MPa, separation temperature 46 DEG C, extraction time 60min, CO 2flow 10L/min, entrainer is the ethanolic solution of molar fraction 10%, and consumption is 16% of taken water caltrop quality.
(6), vacuum packaging is drained: drained fast under lucifuge, low temperature 18 DEG C of conditions by the water caltrop after above-mentioned process, with PE polybag every bag of packing 100g, then carry out vacuum packaging.
(7), the cold sterilization of irradiation: utilize 60the process of Co-gamma-ray irradiation, the cold sterilization dose of irradiation is 8kGy.
(8), external packing is carried out: use the pre-packaged water caltrop of aluminium foil bag to above-mentioned process to carry out vacuum packaging, and put by 1% (w/w) pouch that a packaging has Fe powder deoxidier in packaging.
(9), refrigerate: cold storing and fresh-keeping under 1 DEG C of condition.
Comparison example 3: do not use radiation sterilizing
(1), select: select the water caltrop that fresh nothing is rotted, and remove some foreign material.
(2), clean: water caltrop clear water is cleaned, then puts into ultrasonic cleaning device ultra-pure water and carry out cleaning 1h.
(3), shell: shell manual for clean water caltrop.
(4), soak: by above-mentioned pretreated water caltrop, be immersed in ultra-pure water, with starvation.
(5), extraction: 50g water caltrop is loaded barrel, and then put in extraction kettle, slective extraction temperature is 46 DEG C, extracting pressure 16MPa, separation temperature 46 DEG C, extraction time 60min, CO 2flow 10L/min, entrainer is the ethanolic solution of molar fraction 10%, and consumption is 16% of taken water caltrop quality, ultrasonic vibration enhanced supercritical CO 2extraction process, supersonic frequency is 21KHz, and ultrasonic power is 200W.
(6), vacuum packaging is drained: drained fast under lucifuge, low temperature 18 DEG C of conditions by the water caltrop after above-mentioned process, with PE polybag every bag of packing 100g, then carry out vacuum packaging.
(7), external packing is carried out: use the pre-packaged water caltrop of aluminium foil bag to above-mentioned process to carry out vacuum packaging, and put by 1% (w/w) pouch that a packaging has Fe powder deoxidier in packaging.
(8), refrigerate: cold storing and fresh-keeping under 1 DEG C of condition.
After water caltrop goods obtained for embodiment 1-4 and comparative example 1-3 are preserved 30 days at 1 DEG C, the PE plastic bag packaging of In Aluminium Foil Packing and the inside removed by each embodiment random selecting 3 samples, then the whiteness value of color difference meter sampling and measuring 3 samples is used, the total plate count of sampling and measuring 3 samples in addition, and average.
The experimental result of each case index of correlation of table 1

Claims (6)

1. a preparation method for non-heating power physical fresh-keeping water caltrop, is characterized in that, pass through supercritical CO 2the aldehydes matter shelled in water caltrop extracts by the method for extraction, then carries out the cold sterilization final vacuum of irradiation and be packaged to be water caltrop goods.
2. the preparation method of non-heating power physical fresh-keeping water caltrop as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described supercritical CO 2during extraction, using ethanol as entrainer.
3. the preparation method of non-heating power physical fresh-keeping water caltrop as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, described in the water caltrop that shells carrying out supercritical CO 2ultrasonic vibration is carried out with strengthening extraction effect while extraction.
4. the preparation method of non-heating power physical fresh-keeping water caltrop as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1), select: select the water caltrop that fresh nothing is rotted, and remove some foreign material;
(2), clean: water caltrop clear water is cleaned, then puts into ultrasonic cleaning device ultra-pure water and carry out cleaning 1 ~ 1.5h;
(3), shell: shell manual for clean water caltrop;
(4), soak: by above-mentioned pretreated water caltrop, be immersed in ultra-pure water, with starvation;
(5), supercritical CO 2superization concussion while extraction: water caltrop is loaded barrel, then puts in extraction kettle, slective extraction temperature is 38 ~ 46 DEG C, extracting pressure 9 ~ 16MPa, separation temperature 38 ~ 46 DEG C, extraction time 30 ~ 60min, CO 2flow 7 ~ 10L/min, entrainer is the ethanolic solution of molar fraction 7 ~ 10%, and consumption is 12 ~ 16% of taken water caltrop quality; Carry out ultrasonic vibration enhanced supercritical CO simultaneously 2extraction process;
(6), vacuum packaging is drained: will through ultrasound-enhanced supercritical CO 2water caltrop after extraction process, in lucifuge, drains fast under low temperature 13 ~ 18 DEG C of conditions, then uses PE plastic bag vacuum packing;
(7), the cold sterilization of irradiation: utilize 60co-gamma-rays carries out secondary vacuum after carrying out radiation treatment to vacuum-packed water caltrop and packs and get final product.
5. the preparation method of non-heating power physical fresh-keeping water caltrop as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, in described step (4), the supersonic frequency controlling described ultrasonic vibration is 16 ~ 21KHz, and ultrasonic power is 160 ~ 200W.
6. the preparation method of non-heating power physical fresh-keeping water caltrop as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, in described step (7), the cold sterilization dose of irradiation is 6 ~ 10kGy.
CN201510964125.0A 2015-12-18 2015-12-18 A kind of preparation method of non-heating power physical fresh-keeping water chestnut Active CN105379825B (en)

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