CN105594833A - Non-thermal physical method for preparing fresh-keeping lotus root - Google Patents
Non-thermal physical method for preparing fresh-keeping lotus root Download PDFInfo
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- CN105594833A CN105594833A CN201510961118.5A CN201510961118A CN105594833A CN 105594833 A CN105594833 A CN 105594833A CN 201510961118 A CN201510961118 A CN 201510961118A CN 105594833 A CN105594833 A CN 105594833A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/015—Preserving by irradiation or electric treatment without heating effect
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a non-thermal physical method for preparing fresh-keeping lotus root, and to solve the problems that the lotus root prepared by the prior art has short fresh-keeping period, and poor taste, color and nutritional value. A technical scheme is by extracting phenolics in lotus root through a supercritical CO2 extraction method, then draining, sterilizing and vacuumizing to obtain the lotus root product. The lotus root treated by the above-described method has greatly improved preservation period, and has good color, smell and taste.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to food manufacturing field, be specifically related to a kind of non-heating power physical fresh-keeping lotus rhizomePreparation method.
Background technology
Lotus root, claims again lotus rhizome, belongs to Nelumbonaceae plant roots and stems, can canteen also pharmaceutically acceptable. It contains in a large numberStarch, protein, Cobastab, vitamin C, fat, carbohydrate and calcium, phosphorus,The several mineral materials such as iron, meat fertilizer is tender, fair and clear round as a ball, and mouthfeel is sweet crisp, eats raw and may match in excellence or beauty with pears.The traditional Chinese medical science thinks, eating lotus root raw can cool blood scattered silt, and prepared food energy bushing kidney-nourishing has the merit of nourishing yin and nourishing bloodEffect, void that can tonifying five zang organs, strong muscles and bones, blood-supplementing blood-nourishing. Lotus rhizome can be rated as men and women, old and young's autumn in summerThe health food in season. In tubers food, lotus rhizome iron-holder is higher, therefore poor to iron-deficientThe patient of blood is rather suitable. The sugar content of lotus rhizome is not very very high, contains again a large amount of vitamin CsAnd food fiber, for hepatopathy, constipation, diabetes etc. all have weakness disease people all veryUseful.
Now, according to the nutritional character of lotus rhizome, existing correlative study person develops multiple lotus rhizome and protectsFresh method, for example: Chinese Patent Application No. CN200410061259.3 " a kind of antistaling agent andThe method of its fresh-keeping lotus rhizome ", Chinese Patent Application No. CN200910143433.1 " a kind of lotusThe preparation technology of lotus root can " etc. Research contents is all with traditional heat sterilization, then entersThe mode that row vacuum is canned or go out after enzyme, is used the mode of chemical substance immersion treatment, to lotus rhizomeCarry out fresh-keeping. But, the mode of heat sterilization inevitably can to the quality of lotus rhizome as color,Mouthfeel and nutritive value impact, and chemical substance immersion treatment also exists food security hidden danger to askTopic.
Summary of the invention
To the object of the invention is in order solving the problems of the technologies described above, to provide one to protect for a long timeFresh and keep the system of non-heating power physical fresh-keeping lotus rhizome of color and luster, mouthfeel and the nutritive value of lotus rhizomePreparation Method.
Technical solution of the present invention is: lotus rhizome raw material is passed through to supercritical CO2The method of extraction is by phenolClass material extracts, then carries out the cold sterilization of irradiation and aluminium foil bag vacuum packaging processing obtains lotus rhizomeGoods.
Described supercritical CO2When extraction, using ethanol as entrainer.
Described lotus rhizome is carrying out supercritical CO2When extraction, carry out ultrasonic concussion with strengthening extractionEffect.
Further, said method preparation method can comprise the following steps:
(1), section: the lotus rhizome after cleaning is cut to rhizoma nelumbinis, lotus rhizome is cut into the thin of 3～6mmSheet;
(2), soak: by above-mentioned pretreated lotus root sheet, be immersed in ultra-pure water, to completely cut offOxygen;
(3), supercritical CO2Superization concussion when extraction: by feeding cylinder on chip lotus root, thenPut into and in extraction kettle, carry out supercritical CO2Extraction, controlling extraction temperature is 35～40 DEG C, extractionPressure 8～12MPa, 35～40 DEG C of separation temperatures, extraction time 30～60min, CO2Flow5～10L/min, entrainer is the ethanolic solution of molar fraction 3～5%, consumption is by being taken lotus rhizome10～20% of quality; At supercritical CO2In extraction time, is carried out ultrasonic concussion with by force to lotus root sheetChange effect of extracting;
(4), drain vacuum packaging: will be through extracting lotus root sheet after treatment in lucifuge, low temperature 13～18At DEG C, drain fast and then use PE plastic bag vacuum packing;
(5), the cold sterilization of irradiation: utilize60Co-gamma-rays carries out spoke to vacuum-packed lotus root sheetAfter processing, carry out again secondary vacuum packaging and get final product.
In described step (4), the supersonic frequency of controlling described ultrasonic concussion is 16～20KHz,Ultrasonic power is 160～180W.
In described step (5), the cold sterilization dose of irradiation is 6～10kGy.
In step (3), utilize supercritical CO2Extraction process can be by the phenols in lotus rhizome sheetExtracting substances out, to reduce lotus root browning, is protected the color and luster of lotus rhizome; Selected extraction temperatureDegree is 35～40 DEG C, and temperature is selected the too high destruction that not only can cause thermal sensitivity nutritional labeling, andAnd select higher temperature can improve to a certain extent supercritical CO2Extracting power, cause lotusThe loss of lotus root product nutrient substances; Selected extracting pressure is 8～12MPa, and extracting pressure is carriedThe high not only anti-pressure ability proposition requirements at the higher level to equipment, and can improve supercritical CO2ExtractionGet ability, cause lotus rhizome product nutrient substances to run off; Selected extraction time is 30～60min,Extraction time is unsuitable long, but will meet the supercritical CO of lotus rhizome and extremely strong penetration2Fully connectTouch, make supercritical CO2Can penetrate lotus rhizome deep layer; Selected CO2Flow is 5～10L/min,The selection of flow is excessive, both can cause CO2Waste, also can improve to a certain extent overcriticalCO2Extracting power, cause the loss of lotus rhizome product nutrient substances, but too low CO2Flow extractionGet the aldehydes matter poor effect in lotus rhizome.
Entrainer selects ethanol can further improve the effect of extracting of aldehydes matter, preferably usesThe ethanolic solution of molar fraction 3～5%, consumption is 10～20% of taken lotus root tablet quality, too muchCan cause the loss of lotus rhizome product nutrient substances, very few to the aldehydes matter effect in extraction lotus rhizomeNot good.
Further, inventor surprisingly finds under study for action, at supercritical CO2When extractionCarry out ultrasonic concussion and can significantly improve supercritical CO2The effect of separating phenols material, preferably ultrasonicFrequency is 16～20KHz, and ultrasonic power is 160～180W. Too high supersonic frequency and power meetingUltrasonic device is proposed to higher requirement, and can cause lotus rhizome product nutrient substances to run off, too lowSupersonic frequency and power to supercritical CO2The lifting of effect of extracting is not remarkable.
In the present invention, will drain after step is placed in extraction step, before the cold sterilization of irradiation, through superCritical CO2Lotus rhizome after extraction drains again, can effectively reduce the generation of lotus root browning,And then through the cold sterilization of irradiation, kill the microorganism of the inside, thereby reach better keeping fresh and protecting colorObject.
Beneficial effect:
(1) use the processing mode of non-heating power, can be good at protecting the thermal sensitivity in lotus rhizomeComposition, the original flavor of maintenance food. (2) do not use chemical substance immersion treatment, avoided chemistryThe food security potential problem that material brings. (3) ultrasound-enhanced supercritical CO2Extraction is than simpleUse supercritical CO2Extraction can more extract aldehydes matter in lotus rhizome, effectively reducesLotus root browning, has protected the color and luster of lotus rhizome. (4) through the cold sterilization of irradiation and vacuum packaging processing,Can greatly improve the keeping quality of lotus rhizome. (5) the lotus root sheet that prepared by the inventive method is at 1～5 DEG CUnder condition, cold storing and fresh-keeping can reach more than 130 days, and its color and luster, mouthfeel and nutritive value have obtainedEffect ensures, has wide market application foreground.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the technical scheme in the present invention is carried out clear, completeGround is described.
Embodiment 1
(1), clean: lotus rhizome clear water is cleaned, then put into ultrasonic cleaning device with superPure water cleans 1h.
(2), section: cut rhizoma nelumbinis, lotus rhizome is cut into the thin slice of 6mm.
(3), soak: by above-mentioned pretreated lotus root sheet, be immersed in ultra-pure water, to completely cut offOxygen.
(4), extraction: take 45g lotus root feeding cylinder on chip, then put in extraction kettle, selectExtraction temperature is 40 DEG C, extracting pressure 12MPa, and 40 DEG C of separation temperatures, extraction time 60min,CO2Flow 10L/min, the ethanolic solution consumption that entrainer is molar fraction 5% is by being taken lotus20% of lotus root quality is carried out ultrasonic concussion enhanced supercritical CO simultaneously2Extraction process, supersonic frequencyRate is 20KHz, and ultrasonic power is 180W.
(5), drain vacuum packaging: will be through ultrasound-enhanced supercritical CO2Extract lotus root after treatmentSheet, in lucifuge, drains fast and then uses the packing of PE polybag, every packaging under 18 DEG C of conditions of low temperature100g, then carries out vacuum packaging.
(6), the cold sterilization of irradiation: utilize60The processing of Co-gamma-ray irradiation, the cold bactericide of irradiationAmount is 10kGy.
(7), carry out external packing: use aluminium foil bag to carry out the pre-packaged lotus rhizome sheet of above-mentioned processingVacuum packaging, and put a packaging by 1% (w/w) and have the pouch of Fe powder deoxidier in packaging.
(8), refrigeration: cold storing and fresh-keeping under 1 DEG C of condition.
Embodiment 2
(1), clean: lotus rhizome clear water is cleaned, then put into ultrasonic cleaning device with superPure water cleans 1h.
(2), section: cut rhizoma nelumbinis, lotus rhizome is cut into the thin slice of 4.5mm.
(3), soak: by above-mentioned pretreated lotus root sheet, be immersed in ultra-pure water, to completely cut offOxygen.
(4), extraction: take 45g lotus root feeding cylinder on chip, then put in extraction kettle, selectExtraction temperature is 37.5 DEG C, extracting pressure 10MPa, 37.5 DEG C of separation temperatures, extraction time45min，CO2Flow 8L/min, the ethanolic solution consumption that entrainer is molar fraction 4% is instituteTake 15% of lotus rhizome quality, carry out ultrasonic concussion enhanced supercritical CO simultaneously2Extraction process,Supersonic frequency is 17.5KHz, and ultrasonic power is 170W.
(5), drain vacuum packaging: will be through ultrasound-enhanced supercritical CO2Extract lotus root after treatmentSheet, in lucifuge, drains fast and then uses the packing of PE polybag, every packaging under 16 DEG C of conditions of low temperature100g left and right, then carries out vacuum packaging.
(6), the cold sterilization of irradiation: utilize60The processing of Co-gamma-ray irradiation, the cold bactericide of irradiationAmount is 8kGy.
(7), carry out external packing: use aluminium foil bag to carry out the pre-packaged lotus rhizome sheet of above-mentioned processingVacuum packaging, and put a packaging by 1% (w/w) and have the pouch of Fe powder deoxidier in packaging.
(8), refrigeration: cold storing and fresh-keeping under 1 DEG C of condition.
Embodiment 3
(1), clean: lotus rhizome clear water is cleaned, then put into ultrasonic cleaning device with superPure water cleans 1h.
(2), section: cut rhizoma nelumbinis, lotus rhizome is cut into the thin slice of 4.5mm.
(3), soak: by above-mentioned pretreated lotus root sheet, be immersed in ultra-pure water, to completely cut offOxygen.
(4), extraction: take 45g lotus root feeding cylinder on chip, then put in extraction kettle, selectExtraction temperature is 37.5 DEG C, extracting pressure 10MPa, 37.5 DEG C of separation temperatures, extraction time30min，CO2Flow 7L/min, the ethanolic solution consumption that entrainer is molar fraction 4% is instituteTake 15% of lotus rhizome quality, carry out ultrasonic concussion enhanced supercritical CO simultaneously2Extraction process,Supersonic frequency is 17.5KHz, and ultrasonic power is 170W.
(5), drain vacuum packaging: will be through ultrasound-enhanced supercritical CO2Extract lotus root after treatmentSheet, in lucifuge, drains fast and then uses the packing of PE polybag, every packaging under 15 DEG C of conditions of low temperature100g, then carries out vacuum packaging.
(6), the cold sterilization of irradiation: utilize60The processing of Co-gamma-ray irradiation, the cold bactericide of irradiationAmount is 7.5kGy.
(7), carry out external packing: use aluminium foil bag to carry out the pre-packaged lotus rhizome sheet of above-mentioned processingVacuum packaging, and put a packaging by 1% (w/w) and have the pouch of Fe powder deoxidier in packaging.
(8), refrigeration: cold storing and fresh-keeping under 1 DEG C of condition.
Embodiment 4
(1), clean: lotus rhizome clear water is cleaned, then put into ultrasonic cleaning device with superPure water cleans 1h.
(2), section: cut rhizoma nelumbinis, lotus rhizome is cut into the thin slice of 3mm.
(3), soak: by above-mentioned pretreated lotus root sheet, be immersed in ultra-pure water, to completely cut offOxygen.
(4), extraction: take 45g lotus root feeding cylinder on chip, then put in extraction kettle, selectExtraction temperature is 35 DEG C, extracting pressure 8MPa, and 35 DEG C of separation temperatures, extraction time 30min, CO2Flow 5L/min, the ethanolic solution consumption that entrainer is molar fraction 3% is by being taken lotus rhizome10% of quality is carried out ultrasonic concussion enhanced supercritical CO simultaneously2Extraction process, supersonic frequencyFor 16KHz, ultrasonic power is 160W.
(5), drain vacuum packaging: will be through ultrasound-enhanced supercritical CO2Extract lotus root after treatmentSheet, in lucifuge, drains fast and then uses the packing of PE polybag, every packaging under 13 DEG C of conditions of low temperature100g, then carries out vacuum packaging.
(6), the cold sterilization of irradiation: utilize60The processing of Co-gamma-ray irradiation, the cold bactericide of irradiationAmount is 6kGy.
(7), carry out external packing: use aluminium foil bag to carry out the pre-packaged lotus rhizome sheet of above-mentioned processingVacuum packaging, and put a packaging by 1% (w/w) and have the pouch of Fe powder deoxidier in packaging.
(8), refrigeration: cold storing and fresh-keeping under 1 DEG C of condition.
Comparison example 1: do not use ultrasound-enhanced supercritical CO2Extraction is processed
(1), clean: lotus rhizome clear water is cleaned, then put into ultrasonic cleaning device with superPure water cleans 1h.
(2), section: cut rhizoma nelumbinis, lotus rhizome is cut into the thin slice of 6mm.
(3), soak: by above-mentioned pretreated lotus root sheet, be immersed in ultra-pure water, to completely cut offOxygen.
(4), drain vacuum packaging: by lotus root sheet after treatment in lucifuge, 18 DEG C of conditions of low temperatureDrain fast down and then use the packing of PE polybag, every packaging 100g, then carries out vacuum packaging.
(5), the cold sterilization of irradiation: utilize60The processing of Co-gamma-ray irradiation, the cold bactericide of irradiationAmount is 10kGy.
(6), carry out external packing: use aluminium foil bag to carry out very the pre-packaged lotus root sheet of above-mentioned processingEmpty package, and put a packaging by 1% (w/w) and have the pouch of Fe powder deoxidier in packaging.
(7), refrigeration: cold storing and fresh-keeping under 1 DEG C of condition.
Comparison example 2: use merely supercritical CO2Process
(1), clean: lotus rhizome clear water is cleaned, then put into ultrasonic cleaning device with superPure water cleans 1h.
(2), section: cut rhizoma nelumbinis, lotus rhizome is cut into the thin slice of 6mm.
(3), soak: by above-mentioned pretreated lotus root sheet, be immersed in ultra-pure water, to completely cut offOxygen.
(4), extraction: take 45g lotus root feeding cylinder on chip, then put in extraction kettle, selectExtraction temperature is 40 DEG C, extracting pressure 12MPa, and 40 DEG C of separation temperatures, extraction time 60min,CO2Flow 10L/min, the ethanolic solution consumption that entrainer is molar fraction 5% is by being taken lotus20% of lotus root quality.
(5), drain vacuum packaging: will be through supercritical CO2Extract lotus root sheet after treatment in lucifuge,Under 18 DEG C of conditions of low temperature, drain fast and then use the packing of PE polybag, every packaging 100g, thenCarry out vacuum packaging.
(6), the cold sterilization of irradiation: utilize60The processing of Co-gamma-ray irradiation, the cold bactericide of irradiationAmount is 10kGy.
(7), carry out external packing: use aluminium foil bag to carry out the pre-packaged lotus rhizome sheet of above-mentioned processingVacuum packaging, and put a packaging by 1% (w/w) and have the pouch of Fe powder deoxidier in packaging.
(8), refrigeration: cold storing and fresh-keeping under 1 DEG C of condition.
Comparison example 3: do not use radiation sterilizing
(1), clean: lotus rhizome clear water is cleaned, then put into ultrasonic cleaning device with superPure water cleans 1h.
(2), section: cut rhizoma nelumbinis, lotus rhizome is cut into the thin slice of 6mm.
(3), soak: by above-mentioned pretreated lotus root sheet, be immersed in ultra-pure water, to completely cut offOxygen.
(4), extraction: take 45g lotus root feeding cylinder on chip, then put in extraction kettle, selectExtraction temperature is 40 DEG C, extracting pressure 12MPa, and 40 DEG C of separation temperatures, extraction time 60min,CO2Flow 10L/min, the ethanolic solution consumption that entrainer is molar fraction 5% is by being taken lotus20% of lotus root quality, ultrasonic concussion enhanced supercritical CO2Extraction process, supersonic frequency is 20KHz,Ultrasonic power is 180W.
(5), drain vacuum packaging: will be through supercritical CO2Extract lotus root sheet after treatment in lucifuge,Under 18 DEG C of conditions of low temperature, drain fast and then use the packing of PE polybag, every packaging 100g, thenCarry out vacuum packaging.
(6), carry out external packing: use aluminium foil bag to carry out the pre-packaged lotus rhizome sheet of above-mentioned processingVacuum packaging, and put a packaging by 1% (w/w) and have the pouch of Fe powder deoxidier in packaging.
(7), refrigeration: cold storing and fresh-keeping under 1 DEG C of condition.
The lotus rhizome goods that embodiment 1-4 and comparative example 1-3 are made are 1 DEG C of storage 30After it, each embodiment chooses at random 3 samples and removes the PE plastics of In Aluminium Foil Packing and the insideBag is packed, and then uses the whiteness value of 3 samples of color difference meter sampling and measuring, sampling and measuring in addition3 sample total plate counts, and average.
The experimental result of the each case index of correlation of table 1
Claims (6)
1. a preparation method for non-heating power physical fresh-keeping lotus rhizome, is characterized in that, by superCritical CO2The method of extraction extracts the aldehydes matter in lotus rhizome, then drains, killsBacterium final vacuum is packaged to be lotus rhizome goods.
2. the preparation method of non-heating power physical fresh-keeping lotus rhizome as claimed in claim 1, its spyLevy and be, described supercritical CO2When extraction, using ethanol as entrainer.
3. the preparation method of non-heating power physical fresh-keeping lotus rhizome as claimed in claim 1 or 2,It is characterized in that, described lotus rhizome is carrying out supercritical CO2Extraction time carry out ultrasonic concussion withStrengthening extraction effect.
4. the preparation method of non-heating power physical fresh-keeping lotus rhizome as claimed in claim 3, its spyLevy and be, comprise the following steps:
(1), section: the lotus rhizome after cleaning is cut to rhizoma nelumbinis, lotus rhizome is cut into the thin of 3～6mmSheet;
(2), soak: by above-mentioned pretreated lotus root sheet, be immersed in ultra-pure water, to completely cut offOxygen;
(3), supercritical CO2Superization concussion when extraction: by feeding cylinder on chip lotus root, thenPut into and in extraction kettle, carry out supercritical CO2Extraction, controlling extraction temperature is 35～40 DEG C, extractionPressure 8～12MPa, 35～40 DEG C of separation temperatures, extraction time 30～60min, CO2Flow5～10L/min, entrainer is the ethanolic solution of molar fraction 3～5%, consumption is by being taken lotus rhizome10～20% of quality; At supercritical CO2In extraction time, is carried out ultrasonic concussion with by force to lotus root sheetChange effect of extracting;
(4), drain vacuum packaging: will be through extracting lotus root sheet after treatment in lucifuge, low temperature 13～18At DEG C, drain fast and then use PE plastic bag vacuum packing;
(5), the cold sterilization of irradiation: utilize60Co-gamma-rays carries out spoke to vacuum-packed lotus root sheetAfter processing, carry out again secondary vacuum packaging and get final product.
5. the preparation method of non-heating power physical fresh-keeping lotus rhizome as claimed in claim 4, its spyLevy and be, it is characterized in that: in described step (3), control the ultrasonic of described ultrasonic concussionFrequency is 16～20KHz, and ultrasonic power is 160～180W.
6. the preparation method of non-heating power physical fresh-keeping lotus rhizome as claimed in claim 4, its spyLevy and be, in described step (5), the cold sterilization dose of irradiation is 6～10kGy.
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| CN103518836A (en) * | 2013-10-12 | 2014-01-22 | 广西科技大学 | Fresh-keeping method for fresh-cut lotus root slices |
| CN103704421A (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2014-04-09 | 福州市东苹企业管理服务有限公司 | Ultrasonic supercritical combined extraction technology for tea polyphenol |
| CN105010500A (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2015-11-04 | 武汉天慧农产品加工有限公司 | Physical preservation method for tuber type agricultural products |
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| CN101015333A (en) * | 2006-12-18 | 2007-08-15 | 江南大学 | Olive comprehensive utilization method |
| CN103518836A (en) * | 2013-10-12 | 2014-01-22 | 广西科技大学 | Fresh-keeping method for fresh-cut lotus root slices |
| CN103704421A (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2014-04-09 | 福州市东苹企业管理服务有限公司 | Ultrasonic supercritical combined extraction technology for tea polyphenol |
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Application publication date: 20160525 |