CN105378124A - Tin-based sliding bearing alloy - Google Patents
Tin-based sliding bearing alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN105378124A CN105378124A CN201480021227.2A CN201480021227A CN105378124A CN 105378124 A CN105378124 A CN 105378124A CN 201480021227 A CN201480021227 A CN 201480021227A CN 105378124 A CN105378124 A CN 105378124A
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- antifriction metal
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- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 20
- 239000001996 bearing alloy Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 21
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 abstract description 19
- 229910020994 Sn-Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910009069 Sn—Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910018320 SbSn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910001361 White metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010969 white metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 3
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000897 Babbitt (metal) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 208000034189 Sclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- GVFOJDIFWSDNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony tin Chemical compound [Sn].[Sb] GVFOJDIFWSDNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006023 eutectic alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009661 fatigue test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002301 combined effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GZCWPZJOEIAXRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Sn] GZCWPZJOEIAXRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
- F16C33/121—Use of special materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C13/00—Alloys based on tin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C13/00—Alloys based on tin
- C22C13/02—Alloys based on tin with antimony or bismuth as the next major constituent
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
- F16C2204/30—Alloys based on one of tin, lead, antimony, bismuth, indium, e.g. materials for providing sliding surfaces
- F16C2204/34—Alloys based on tin
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
A tin-based sliding bearing alloy contains zinc as its principal alloying element at a content of 2 to 14 % w/w and has the Sn-Zn eutectic as its main structural element. The content of zinc as the principal alloying element can be expanded to 2 to 30 % w/w by the addition of additional alloying elements. Antimony and/or copper can additionally be used as further principal alloying elements.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the Theil indices with at least one main alloying element and 25 to 98 % by weight, the tinbase antifriction metal being suitable for preparing with pouring procedure sliding surface bearing coating.In addition, the invention still further relates to the purposes of antifriction metal.
Background technology
Tinbase antifriction metal is such as known as white metal and have antimony and copper as main alloying element over 10 years, wherein supplements to alloy with other elements.
In this case, often antifriction metal is watered on bearing structure, such as, be formed from steel, such as, with the form of bearing shell.Antifriction metal should have for the good imbedibility of dust granule with to the element mutually slided, the adaptability of such as rotation axis.Tinbase sliding metal alloy has these characteristics, but is restricted about its portative power.Because the requirement of the sustained load ability to antifriction metal improves, therefore using more and more can the antifriction metal of load higher, such as aluminium-tinbase.But these antifriction metals do not have about imbedibility and adaptability the advantageous feature that tinbase antifriction metal provides.Therefore, carry out a lot of experiment, with about portative power, therefore particularly improve tinbase antifriction metal about its hardness and fatigue strength.
By the known a kind of tinbase white metal of DE2818099C2, it comprises alloying element antimony, copper and cadmium and as the chromium of grain refining element and cobalt, is furnished with the boron of 0.02 to 0.08 % by weight and the zinc of 0.1 to 0.2 % by weight in addition.By the combined effect of boron and zinc, with cobalt together with chromium, achieve the basic improvement of strength property.The variation of the connection in steel shim occurred due to zinc is cancelled because the interpolation of boron is heavy.
GB2,146,354A disclose a kind of tinbase antifriction metal with main alloying element antimony and copper, and wherein the raising of intensity should be obtained because interpolation has the titanium of 0.005 to 0.5 % by weight content by grain refining.
SU1560596A1 discloses a kind of tinbase antifriction metal, and it has 7 to 8 % by weight bronze medals, 10 to 12 % by weight antimony and 15 to 20 % by weight zinc as main alloying element, and tin is as all the other.This alloy has weather resistance and the wear resistance of raising, but can be applied in steel matrix by means of only electric arc spraying.If by cast apply this alloy, so it as antifriction metal because often too low rigidity is disabled.
Another requirement of used antifriction metal is, keeps it there is no environmentally harmful alloying constituent, to ensure ecological compatible antifriction metal (white metal alloy).But successfully do not make such antifriction metal so far, it meets higher requirement of strength.When to portative power and the high requirement to wear resistance, therefore often select aluminum-based bearing metal in addition, although have to abandon the outstanding self-lubricating property of tin-base bearing metal alloy when using this bearing metals.
By the known white metal with 4 to 30 % by weight antimony and 1 to 10 % by weight bronze medal of WO2009/108975A1.In this case, alloy should have the element that the element that is made up of the element set cobalt of the total concn had between 0.2 to 2.6 % by weight, manganese, scandium and germanium and at least one are made up of the element set magnesium of the total concn had between 0.05 to 1.7 % by weight, nickel, zirconium and titanium in addition, the wherein total content of antimony and copper, when the antimony content at least corresponding to three times of copper content, for the highest by 35 % by weight.Antifriction metal can comprise 0.6 to 1.8 % by weight, preferably the additive of 0.7 to 0.9 % by weight zinc.Zinc is formed with by extra nucleus the refinement helping copper-Xi phase and tin-antimony phase.Therefore, the growth of this phase is stoped in harmful size.Draw the lower limit of 0.6 % by weight zinc thus, namely less interpolation no longer produces positive effect, draw the upper limit thus simultaneously, namely more than 1 % by weight, zinc to be no longer dissolved in tin mixed crystal and between tin and zinc, to form the low fusing eutectic phase with the Tm of about 200 DEG C, and it reduces hot strength and erosion resistance.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is based on following object, provide tinbase antifriction metal, it has the intensity of improvement, and until certain service temperature, improves the intensity of tinbase antifriction metal, thus can dispense the use of aluminium base antifriction metal.
According to a first aspect of the invention, this object is realized by following main alloying element by the antifriction metal of aforementioned type:
The antimony of 0 to 25 % by weight
The copper of 0 to 20 % by weight, and
The zinc of 2 to 14 % by weight.
According to a second aspect of the invention, this object is realized by following main alloying element,
The antimony of 0 to 25 % by weight
The copper of 0 to 20 % by weight, and
The zinc of 2 to 30 % by weight
The additional alloying elements of one or more following group is selected from at least one
Group I:
Cobalt, manganese, scandium, germanium and aluminium, have the total content of 0.001 to 2.6 % by weight,
Group II:
Magnesium, nickel, zirconium, titanium, have the total content of 0.005 to 1.7 % by weight,
Group III:
Bismuth, indium, cadmium and lead, have the maximum content of 5 % by weight and the maximum total content of 8 % by weight separately,
Group IV:
Lithium, silver, cerium, yttrium, samarium, gold, tellurium and calcium, have the content up to 2.5 % by weight and the total content up to 4 % by weight separately,
Group V:
Arsenic, niobium, vanadium, chromium, tungsten, lanthanum and erbium, have the highest content of 1.0 % by weight and the highest total content of 2.25 % by weight separately,
Group VI:
Phosphorus and boron, have the maximum content of 0.1 % by weight and the maximum total content of 0.2 % by weight separately.
According to a first aspect of the invention, described antifriction metal has the zinc of 2 to 14 % by weight as main alloying element.Secondly, copper and/or antimony can be used as main alloying element.
As such content of the zinc of main alloying element, according to the knowledge of professional up to now, be avoided, because as everyone knows, when the Zn content of 8.8 % by weight, tin and zinc form low fusing eutectic structure.It is harmful that the eutectic structure with the low melting point of about 200 DEG C is considered to about hot strength and erosion resistance.Unlike this, the present invention is based on such understanding, the service temperature can prepared thus up to 198 DEG C has high hardness and fatigue strength and has suitable elasticity or plastic antifriction metal, and main structure composition is tin-zinc eutectic.When professional has taken all so far to stop the formation of eutectic structure, the present invention has but planned to use eutectic structure as main constituent.The eutectic structure of tin and zinc allows, according to different hardening mechanisms, and the formation of the tissue of sufficiently rigid and resistance.When 8.8 % by weight zinc concentration, form eutectic e (β Sn+ α Zn).Therefore eutectic is made up of two phase β Sn-mixed crystals and α Zn-mixed crystal.The alloy atom dissolved in mixed crystal causes so-called mixed crystal to harden.And in the base, the particle α Zn that β Sn fine dispersion ground embeds the dislocation of slippage is obstacle and cause particle harden (
).In addition, it causes and indirectly solidifies (Verfestigung), because it causes when plastic deformation the dislocation of enhancing to be formed.
The alloy with the eutectic composition of 8.8 % by weight zinc in tin has the minimum fusing point of all possible alloy in Sn-Zn-system.Liquidus temperature drops in eutectic point together with solid-state temperature.Therefore pure eutectic alloy has fusing point but does not have fusing interval or solidify interval.Cause the minimizing that cracking, porousness are inclined to and liquate is inclined to thus, thus cause the remarkable improvement of the technology of alloy and mechanical characteristics.
Known eutectic alloy has strongly excessively cold specific tendency.In supercooled state, form icosahedral short range order and its is formed and has the cluster crystal of high tap density (Packungsdichte).Icosahedral short range order one side and solid have visibly different accumulation on the other hand.When strong excessively cold tap density increase hinder for crystallization and the atomic diffusion for other phase in version.When large excessively cold, it is superfluous that fusing has large free energy, and the system for the various solidification path outside balance be in varied metastable phase can utilize it.Therefore, can generating metastable solid, it can be made up of the alloy of oversaturated mixed phase, grain refining, irregular superstructure and/or metastable crystallization phases.When Zn content in the Sn-Zn system alloy being greater than 8.8 % by weight, form the tissue with elementary α Zn phase.Elementary α Zn phase improves the hardness of alloy and intensity and wear resistance, but has and reduce plastic tendency.Draw thus, according to the present invention, in substantially pure Sn-Zn-system, too high and therefore the content of Zn should not be limited in 14%, to keep for the necessary elasticity of pourable antifriction metal or plasticity-.
According to the reinforcement comprising the alloy of zinc according to the present invention not only with mixed crystal sclerosis but also with by the extra matrix hardening (β Sn) of particle (α Zn) that embeds of fine dispersion ground, with elementary α Zn phase with realize with metastable solids.It forms the particle (α Zn) had in eutectic e (β Sn+ α Zn) and the grain refining matrix with primary particle (α Zn).
Zinc does not form the intermetallic phase with tin.Zinc is present in matrix with the form of fine and close inclusion (particle).Therefore zinc do not change the interaction of tin and other elements.Therefore, without any problems, it is possible that add popular other main alloying element copper and antimony with the usual content of 2 to 25 % by weight antimony and 3 to 20 % by weight bronze medals.
According to alloy of the present invention and traditional antifriction metal (TEGOSTAR of such as EvonikGoldschmidtGmbH, it is such as sold by EckaGranulesGermanyGmbH) micrometer structure comparison display, antifriction metal display according to the present invention has the phase of similar round shape and grain refining matrix, and namely changing the plate crystal occurred in TEGOSTAR alloy situation is similar round shape with polygonal mutually.
In in second of the present invention, can prepare also have up to 30 % by weight high Zn content, there is identical advantageous feature and there is the pourable antifriction metal of eutectic structure as main structure composition, if the means being particularly provided for grain refining and being formed for stable cluster crystal.
The additional alloying elements of above-mentioned group of I and group II causes the formation of particularly compact and stable cluster crystal.In this situation, form zinc, cobalt, nickel, manganese and the germanium cluster crystal with ligancy 10, form scandium, magnesium, titanium, zirconium and the aluminium cluster crystal with ligancy 12 simultaneously.This additional alloying elements causes when crystallization strong mistake cold and causes changing from tabular crystal and polygon to the enhancing of similar round shape.Further, the tin matrix of grain refining is also formed.Therefore the additional alloying elements of these groups causes the remarkable lifting of the intensity of tinbase antifriction metal, toughness and fatigue strength.
The element of the 3rd group, namely bismuth, indium, cadmium and lead have large solvability and form mixed crystal in tin matrix.Mixed crystal is caused to harden thus.When low rate of cooling, form eutectic.The single content of alloying element should more than 5 % by weight.Total content must be limited in 8 % by weight.
The additional alloying elements of group IV, namely lithium, silver, cerium, yttrium, samarium, gold, tellurium and calcium and tin form eutectic e (β Sn+Sn
xm1
y), wherein M1 is one of the element from this group.Eutectic is therefore by two phase composites, i.e. β Sn mixed crystal and intermetallic phase Sn
xm1
y.The alloy atom dissolved in mixed crystal causes above-mentioned mixed crystal sclerosis.The particle Sn that fine dispersion ground embeds in matrix (β Sn)
xm1
ydislocation for slippage is obstacle and causes particle to harden.Because the increase of eutectiferous content can contribute for plastic decline, therefore the single content of these alloying elements should not more than 2.5 % by weight.Total content must be limited in less than 4 % by weight.
The element of group V, i.e. arsenic, niobium, vanadium, chromium, tungsten, iron, lanthanum and erbium and tin generation Peritectic Reaction or cause by Sn
xm2
ythe formation of the extra nucleus of phase or M2 phase composite, wherein M2 is above-mentioned metal.Extra nucleus causes the refinement of matrix (β Sn), but also causes the refinement of copper-Xi phase and tin-antimony phase and elementary zinc phase.Owing to being also at this, Sn
xm2
ythe increase of phase or M2 phase can cause plastic decline, and therefore the single content of these alloying elements should not more than 1.0 % by weight.Total content must be limited in less than 2.25 % by weight.
By element P or B of group VI, the extra nucleus of main formation and extra metastable state phase.Extra nucleus can be Sn4P3 phase or B phase.Because the increase of above-mentioned phase can contribute for plastic decline, therefore the single content of these alloying elements is limited in more than 0.1 % by weight.Total content should be no more than 0.2 % by weight.
The sliding surface bearing with the sliding surface bearing coating formed by antifriction metal according to the present invention is also target of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below, above-mentioned explanation is illustrated in greater detail by according to appended picture.
Fig. 1 shows the schematic diagram according to tissue of the present invention of alloy SnSb10Cu4Zn7.It forms tissue particles SbSn, β Sn, the Cu with embedding
6sn
5with the eutectic structure e (β Sn+ α Zn) of α Zn.
Fig. 2 shows has phase β Sn, Cu for having
6sn
5, SbSn, α Zn organize α Zn+SbSn+Cu
6sn
5the similar schematic diagram of the alloy SnSb12Cu5Zn14 of+e (β Sn+ α Zn).
Fig. 3 show using pour into a mould as die and use H
2o+3%HNO
3the Photomicrograph of the different amplification of the tissue T EGOSTAR of etch.
Fig. 4 comparatively shows and uses H
2o+3%HNO
3etch as die cast organize SnSb10Zn7Cu4CoNi.
Show more clearlyly, according to of the present invention organize more grain refining and tabular crystal and polygon be changed to rounded shapes mutually.
Fig. 5 schematically illustrates the weave construction of antifriction metal according to a second aspect of the invention.It is alloy SnSb10Cu4Zn7M1.It illustrates, defines eutectic structure e (β Sn+ β Sn
xm1
y) and create phase β Sn, Cu
6sn
5, SbSn, β Sn
xm1
yor M1.
Fig. 6 shows the corresponding weave construction formed by cluster crystal in the alloy SnSb10Cu4Zn7M2 situation of above-described type.Depict and organize M2
xsn
y+ β Sn+SbSn+Cu
6sn
5the schematic diagram of+e (β Sn+ α Zn).As phase, describe α Zn, β Sn, Cu
6sn
5, SbSn, M2
xsn
yor M2.
Embodiment
Some embodiments according to antifriction metal of the present invention are described below.
Embodiment 1:
In the usual manner, by 7.2 % by weight Zn, 10.1 % by weight Sb, 4.0 % by weight Cu, 0.6 % by weight Ni, 0.6 % by weight Co, 0.05 % by weight Zr and 0.1 % by weight Cr, 0.05 % by weight Fe, all the other are tin, prepare antifriction metal.Antifriction metal display about the good technique characteristic of fatigue strength, 35HB2.5/31.5/30 with casting hardness and 309 relative toughness.
Embodiment 2:
In the usual manner, preparation is by 3.4 % by weight Zn, 9.1 % by weight Sb, 4.5 % by weight Cu, 1 % by weight Ni, 1.0 % by weight Co, 0.05 % by weight In, 0.1 % by weight V, 0.1 % by weight Cr, 0.04 % by weight Pb, and all the other are the antifriction metal of tin composition.Antifriction metal shows the casting hardness of good technical characteristic and 32.0HB2.5/31.5/30 and the relative toughness of 502.
Embodiment 3:
In the usual manner, prepare by 20.8 % by weight Zn, 15.1 % by weight Sb, 5.2 % by weight Cu, 0.5 % by weight Ni, 1.0 % by weight Mn and 0.15 % by weight Fe, all the other are the antifriction metal of tin composition.Antifriction metal shows the casting hardness of good technical characteristic and 42.0HB25/31.5/30 and the relative toughness of 10.
Embodiment 4:
In the usual manner, prepare by 22.3 % by weight Zn, 5.1 % by weight Cu, 0.5 % by weight Ni, 1.2 % by weight Mn, all the other are the antifriction metal of tin composition.Antifriction metal shows the casting hardness of good technical characteristic and 30.0HB2.5/31.5/30 and the relative toughness of 8.This antifriction metal does not have environmentally harmful alloying element completely owing to lacking antimony.However, according to the present invention, achieve the technical characteristic useful to sliding surface bearing.
Embodiment 5:
In the usual manner, prepare by 28.2 % by weight Zn, 9.03 % by weight Sb, 4.0 % by weight Cu, 0.25 % by weight Cr, 0.3 % by weight Ni, 0.3 % by weight Co, 0.03 % by weight Al, all the other are the antifriction metal of tin composition.Antifriction metal shows the casting hardness of good technical characteristic and 45.0HB2.5/31.5/30 and the relative toughness of 5.
For all the other embodiments, the technical characteristic of variation describes, and is no longer significant more than the increase of the boundary of 30 % by weight Zn.
Embodiment 6 (comparing embodiment):
Check in transverse bearing fatigue test according to embodiment 1 according to antifriction metal of the present invention.Test is carried out with the stress amplitude of P transverse direction=39MPa with at about 95 DEG C.At this, according to sliding surface bearing of the present invention experience 122.8 1,000,000 load variations not damageds, do not remain with namely there is no tissue gap.
Compared with antifriction metal TEGOSTAR, occur with the damage of the form of tissue gap in identical fatigue test.
Embodiment 7 (comparing embodiment):
There is with identical measuring method inspection the antifriction metal according to SU1560596A1 of 18 % by weight Zn, 11 % by weight Sb and 7.5 % by weight Cu.Casting hardness is 42HB2.5/31.5/30 and relative toughness is 4.The Photomicrograph of the tissue obtained is depicted in Fig. 7.
Embodiment 8:
In order to compare with embodiment 7, prepare and checking, by adding 0.5 % by weight Ni, 0.3 % by weight Mn and 0.05 % by weight Al, there are 18 % by weight Zn, 11 % by weight Sb, 7.5 % by weight Cu, all the other be tin according to alloy of the present invention.
Draw the casting hardness of 46HB2.5/31.5/30 and the relative toughness of 12.
The Photomicrograph display of the tissue according to this embodiment described in fig. 8, compared with Fig. 7, sedimentary obvious refinement and change circle, show the technical characteristic improved thus.
The report of relative toughness is drawn by notch shock pliability test.In this case, be equipped with the breach of 2mm to the cylindrical sample with 32mm diameter apart from lower front 20mm distance, it is dark that it extends 12mm in radial direction in cylinder.Load below sample and then breach, then from breach from introduce side load, impact with certain impact perpendicular with the major axis of sample.To hang over the sliding weight of steelyard on hinge around 90 ° of movements at this.So abandon, thus sliding weight of steelyard hits the upper end of sample from the side.Determine until specimen broke impact number and report with the numerical value for relative toughness.
Therefore it is the measuring method of trying to achieve only being suitable for relative value.
Claims (11)
1. be suitable for the tinbase antifriction metal preparing sliding surface bearing coating with casting, it has the Theil indices of at least one main alloying element and 25 to 98 % by weight, it is characterized in that main alloying element
The antimony of 0 to 25 % by weight
The copper of 0 to 20 % by weight, and
The zinc of 2 to 14 % by weight.
2. be suitable for the tinbase antifriction metal preparing sliding surface bearing coating with casting, it has the Theil indices of at least one main alloying element and 25 to 98 % by weight, it is characterized in that main alloying element
The antimony of 0 to 25 % by weight
The copper of 0 to 20 % by weight, and
The zinc of 2 to 30 % by weight
The additional alloying elements of one or more following group is selected from at least one
Group I:
Cobalt, manganese, scandium, germanium and aluminium, have the total content of 0.001 to 2.6 % by weight,
Group II:
Magnesium, nickel, zirconium, titanium, have the total content of 0.005 to 1.7 % by weight,
Group III:
Bismuth, indium, cadmium and lead, have the maximum content of 5 % by weight and the maximum total content of 8 % by weight separately
Group IV:
Lithium, silver, cerium, yttrium, samarium, gold, tellurium and calcium, have the maximum content of 2.5 % by weight and the maximum total content of 4 % by weight separately,
Group V:
Arsenic, niobium, vanadium, chromium, tungsten, iron, lanthanum and erbium, have the maximum content of 1.0 % by weight and the maximum total content of 2.25 % by weight separately,
Group VI:
Phosphorus and boron, have the maximum content of 0.1 % by weight and the maximum total content of 0.2 % by weight separately.
3. according to the antifriction metal of claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, described alloy has Sn-Zn-eutectic as main constituent.
4. according to the antifriction metal of one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterized in that, described tissue has the maximum particle size of maximum 50 μm.
5. antifriction metal according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described tissue has the maximum particle size of 30 μm.
6. antifriction metal according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described tissue has the maximum particle size of 10 μm.
7., according to the antifriction metal of one of claim 1 to 6, wherein the content of antimony is between 6 and 25 % by weight.
8., according to the antifriction metal of one of claim 1 to 6 or claim 7, wherein the content of copper is between 3 and 20 % by weight.
9., according to the antifriction metal of one of claim 1 to 6 or claim 8, wherein do not comprise antimony as main alloying element.
10., according to the antifriction metal of one of claim 1 to 6, it is characterized in that zinc is as unique main alloying element.
11. sliding surface bearing, its have bearing structure and apply thereon by the sliding surface bearing coating made according to the antifriction metal of one of claim 1 to 10.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102013006388.4 | 2013-04-15 | ||
| DE102013006388.4A DE102013006388A1 (en) | 2013-04-15 | 2013-04-15 | Slide bearing alloy based on tin |
| PCT/DE2014/000187 WO2014169890A1 (en) | 2013-04-15 | 2014-04-10 | Tin-based sliding bearing alloy |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105378124A true CN105378124A (en) | 2016-03-02 |
| CN105378124B CN105378124B (en) | 2017-09-08 |
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ID=50771364
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201480021227.2A Expired - Fee Related CN105378124B (en) | 2013-04-15 | 2014-04-10 | Tinbase antifriction metal |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10190630B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2986748B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2016520715A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR102276333B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN105378124B (en) |
| BR (1) | BR112015025469B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102013006388A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK2986748T3 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL2986748T3 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2667188C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2014169890A1 (en) |
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| CN106282660A (en) * | 2016-08-15 | 2017-01-04 | 苏州润利电器有限公司 | A kind of electrical accessorie two-layer compound high performance alloys |
| CN108950266A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2018-12-07 | 红河学院 | A kind of preparation method of karmarsch alloy |
| CN110117737A (en) * | 2019-06-10 | 2019-08-13 | 深圳市启晟新材科技有限公司 | A kind of submarine engine pedestal vibration damping liquid metal material and its processing technology |
| CN110819847A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-02-21 | 四川朗峰电子材料有限公司 | High-antimony tin-based babbitt metal material and preparation method thereof |
| CN111020286A (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2020-04-17 | 郑州机械研究所有限公司 | Tin-based babbitt metal and method and application thereof |
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| AT519124B1 (en) * | 2016-10-17 | 2018-04-15 | Miba Gleitlager Austria Gmbh | Multilayer plain bearing element |
| JP6959171B2 (en) | 2018-03-28 | 2021-11-02 | 大同メタル工業株式会社 | Sliding member and its manufacturing method |
| CN109055812A (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2018-12-21 | 浙江申发轴瓦股份有限公司 | A kind of Babbitt alloy material |
| CN114807677B (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2023-08-08 | 苏州优诺电子材料科技有限公司 | Tin alloy and preparation method thereof |
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- 2014-04-10 EP EP14725601.0A patent/EP2986748B1/en active Active
- 2014-04-10 CN CN201480021227.2A patent/CN105378124B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-04-10 US US14/784,452 patent/US10190630B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2014-04-10 DK DK14725601.0T patent/DK2986748T3/en active
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106282660A (en) * | 2016-08-15 | 2017-01-04 | 苏州润利电器有限公司 | A kind of electrical accessorie two-layer compound high performance alloys |
| CN108950266A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2018-12-07 | 红河学院 | A kind of preparation method of karmarsch alloy |
| CN110117737A (en) * | 2019-06-10 | 2019-08-13 | 深圳市启晟新材科技有限公司 | A kind of submarine engine pedestal vibration damping liquid metal material and its processing technology |
| CN110819847A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-02-21 | 四川朗峰电子材料有限公司 | High-antimony tin-based babbitt metal material and preparation method thereof |
| CN110819847B (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2021-04-16 | 四川朗峰电子材料有限公司 | High-antimony tin-based babbitt metal material and preparation method thereof |
| CN111020286A (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2020-04-17 | 郑州机械研究所有限公司 | Tin-based babbitt metal and method and application thereof |
| CN111020286B (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2021-07-02 | 郑州机械研究所有限公司 | Tin-based babbitt metal and method and application thereof |
| CN111440966A (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2020-07-24 | 深圳市兴鸿泰锡业有限公司 | Babbitt metal wire and preparation process thereof |
| CN111440966B (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2021-10-08 | 深圳市兴鸿泰锡业有限公司 | Babbitt metal wire and preparation process thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2016520715A (en) | 2016-07-14 |
| BR112015025469A2 (en) | 2017-07-18 |
| DK2986748T3 (en) | 2019-09-30 |
| RU2015148733A3 (en) | 2018-03-27 |
| DE102013006388A1 (en) | 2014-10-16 |
| WO2014169890A1 (en) | 2014-10-23 |
| PL2986748T3 (en) | 2019-12-31 |
| EP2986748A1 (en) | 2016-02-24 |
| RU2015148733A (en) | 2017-05-22 |
| EP2986748B1 (en) | 2019-06-26 |
| KR102276333B1 (en) | 2021-07-13 |
| US10190630B2 (en) | 2019-01-29 |
| CN105378124B (en) | 2017-09-08 |
| KR20150140840A (en) | 2015-12-16 |
| BR112015025469B1 (en) | 2020-03-03 |
| RU2667188C2 (en) | 2018-09-17 |
| US20160084306A1 (en) | 2016-03-24 |
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