CN110819847B - High-antimony tin-based babbitt metal material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-antimony tin-based babbitt metal material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C13/00—Alloys based on tin
- C22C13/02—Alloys based on tin with antimony or bismuth as the next major constituent
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
Abstract
The invention provides a high-antimony tin-based babbitt alloy material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the high-antimony tin-based babbitt alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 10 to 12 percent of antimony, 5 to 7 percent of copper, 0.003 to 0.01 percent of tellurium, 0.01 to 0.015 percent of germanium and the balance of tin. The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-antimony tin-based babbitt metal material. The invention improves the components and the proportion of the high-antimony tin-based babbit alloy material, improves the strength and the mechanical property of the high-antimony tin-based babbit alloy material, improves the preparation method of the high-antimony tin-based babbit alloy material, ensures the full alloying of alloy elements, removes various impurities, and effectively solves the problems of complex operation, high labor intensity, low alloy quality and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of babbitt metal materials, and particularly relates to a high-antimony tin-based babbitt metal material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The tin-based bearing alloy is one of babbitt metal, and has the advantages of low casting temperature, simple processing technology and excellent surface performance, so the tin-based bearing alloy is widely applied to the production of bearing bushes in compressors, generators, motors, ball mills, gear boxes, the motor industry and the engineering machinery industry. At present, the most applied tin-based babbitt alloys are ZChSnSb8-4 and ZChSnSb11-6, and are mainly used for centrifugal casting of bearing bushes. However, the traditional casting process has the disadvantages of complex equipment, long production line, complex operation, high labor intensity and more loss; meanwhile, casting defects such as sand holes, air holes, cracks and the like are inevitably generated, and the casting defects are repaired by adopting a welding repair process, so that labor is wasted, and the quality of the bearing bush is difficult to ensure fundamentally. The thermal spraying process has the advantages that the bearing bush alloy can be directly sprayed on the substrate, a thicker coating can be sprayed, the substrate does not need to be preheated, and the phenomenon that the substrate deforms due to overhigh temperature rise of the substrate does not exist. Meanwhile, as the national environmental protection policy becomes stricter, the centrifugal casting process of the bearing bush is gradually replaced by the wire spraying process, so that various grades of tin-based bearing alloy wire products gradually replace the current alloy ingot products.
The ZChSnSb11-6 is a typical tin-based babbitt alloy with high antimony (9%) content, the bimetal compound of the ZChSnSb11-6 is characterized by being brittle and difficult to process, the usage amount of the alloy components is the highest of all the alloys, the processing performance of the alloy is improved through component and process optimization, and the great significance is realized in the mass production of alloy wire products.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the high-antimony tin-based babbitt metal material and the preparation method thereof, which improve the components and the proportion of the high-antimony tin-based babbitt metal material, improve the strength and the mechanical property of the high-antimony tin-based babbitt metal material, improve the preparation method of the high-antimony tin-based babbitt metal material, ensure the sufficient alloying of alloy elements, remove various impurities, and effectively solve the problems of complicated operation, high labor intensity, low alloy quality and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the high-antimony tin-based babbitt metal material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 10 to 12 percent of antimony, 5 to 7 percent of copper, 0.003 to 0.01 percent of tellurium, 0.01 to 0.015 percent of germanium and the balance of tin.
Further, the paint comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 11-12% of antimony, 6-7% of copper, 0.005-0.08% of tellurium, 0.011-0.014% of germanium and the balance of tin.
Further, the paint comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 11% of antimony, 6% of copper, 0.005% of tellurium, 0.013% of germanium and the balance of tin.
The preparation method of the high-antimony tin-based babbitt metal material comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing a tin-germanium alloy, an antimony-tellurium alloy, copper, antimony and 1/2-1/3 weight parts of tin, heating to 800-850 ℃, melting, stirring, then preserving heat for 0.8-1.2 hours, and naturally cooling to 680-700 ℃ to obtain a first metal liquid;
(2) adding the rest tin into the first metal liquid obtained in the step (1), then cooling to 450-460 ℃, stirring, and refining to obtain a second metal liquid;
(3) heating the second metal liquid obtained in the step (2) to 490-510 ℃, introducing argon gas, and refining for 5-15 min to obtain a third metal liquid;
(4) pouring the third molten metal obtained in the step (3) at the constant temperature of 490-510 ℃, and extruding and drawing to obtain the high-antimony tin-based Babbitt alloy material.
Further, the tin-germanium alloy is prepared by the following method: heating tin and germanium to 1000 ℃ according to the weight ratio of 90:10, preserving heat for 50-70 min after melting, and then cooling to 700 ℃ for pouring to obtain the tin-germanium alloy.
Further, the antimony tellurium alloy is prepared by the following method: heating antimony and tellurium according to the weight ratio of 86:14 to 700 ℃, preserving heat for 50-60 min after melting, and then cooling to 520 ℃ for pouring to obtain the antimony-tellurium alloy.
Further, in the step (1), the weight ratio of antimony to the tin-germanium alloy to the antimony-tellurium alloy is 11: 0.1-0.15: 0.02-0.07.
Further, in the step (2), refining and deslagging are carried out according to the sequence of 2 times of pine sawdust, 1 time of rosin and 2 times of ammonium chloride.
In summary, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention improves the components and the proportion of the high-antimony tin-based babbit alloy material, and adds elements such as tellurium, germanium and the like on the basis of the components of the traditional tin, antimony and copper alloy to improve the comprehensive performance of the alloy, wherein the tellurium element can improve the mechanical strength of the alloy, and the germanium element can form new crystal nuclei in the alloy, thereby refining crystal grains. The metallographic phase of the alloy material of the composition reaches more than two levels, the Brinell hardness can reach more than 28, and the tensile strength can reach more than 90 MPa; compared with the conventional process that the conventional alloy wire is large in brittleness and can not be subjected to subsequent wire drawing after being broken for 1 time, the flexibility of the alloy wire is improved, the alloy wire is broken for 8 times within the length of 130 mm, and the product can be applied to automatic spraying.
2. The invention optimizes the smelting process and the casting process, firstly, the intermediate alloy tin-germanium alloy and the antimony-tellurium alloy are prepared, and then the intermediate alloy tin-germanium alloy and the antimony-tellurium alloy are smelted and cast with the matrix metal, thereby ensuring the full alloying of alloy elements, removing various impurities, and simultaneously, removing the gas inclusion during alloy smelting by considering the inert gas; the optimization of the casting process mainly aims to formulate reasonable casting process parameters and improve the casting mode according to an alloy phase diagram and the precipitation temperatures of SnSb, Cu6Sn5 and the like, so that various properties of the cast ingot meet the requirements of required metallographic phase, hardness and mechanical strength, and the produced wire material with proper hardness and suitable for spraying is produced.
3. The invention improves the components and the proportion of the high-antimony tin-based babbit alloy material, improves the strength and the mechanical property of the high-antimony tin-based babbit alloy material, improves the preparation method of the high-antimony tin-based babbit alloy material, ensures the full alloying of alloy elements, removes various impurities, solves the problems of complex equipment, complex operation, high labor intensity, low alloy quality and the like in the prior art, has higher quality of the obtained alloy material, has fewer defects such as sand holes, air holes, cracks and the like, does not need to be repaired, and reduces the production cost.
4. Refining and deslagging are carried out according to the sequence of 2 times of pine sawdust, 1 time of rosin and 2 times of ammonium chloride, the pine sawdust is added and combusted, pine oil is decomposed, and the low-melting-point characteristic of the pine sawdust, the rosin and the ammonium chloride form a combination of which the melting point is from low to high, so that the slagging capacity is fully improved, and the deslagging and refining effects are greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic metallographic structure of a high-Sb tin-based Babbitt alloy material obtained in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic metallographic structure of the high-Sb tin-based Babbitt alloy material obtained in example 2;
FIG. 3 is a schematic metallographic structure of the high-Sb tin-based Babbitt alloy material obtained in example 3.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A high-antimony tin-based babbitt metal material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 11% of antimony, 6% of copper, 0.003% of tellurium, 0.011% of germanium and the balance of tin.
The preparation method of the high-antimony tin-based babbitt metal material comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing a tin-germanium alloy, an antimony-tellurium alloy, copper, antimony and 1/2-1/3 weight parts of tin, the antimony-germanium alloy and the antimony-tellurium alloy in a weight ratio of 11: 0.1-0.15: 0.02-0.07, heating to 800-850 ℃, melting, stirring, then preserving heat for 1h, and naturally cooling to 680-700 ℃ to obtain a first metal liquid;
(2) adding the rest tin into the metal liquid I obtained in the step (1), cooling to 450-460 ℃, stirring, refining and deslagging according to the sequence of 2 times of pine sawdust, 1 time of rosin and 2 times of ammonium chloride, and refining to obtain metal liquid II;
(3) heating the second metal liquid obtained in the step (2) to 490-510 ℃, introducing argon gas, and refining for 5-15 min to obtain a third metal liquid;
(4) pouring the third molten metal obtained in the step (3) at the constant temperature of 490-510 ℃, and extruding and drawing to obtain the high-antimony tin-based Babbitt alloy material.
The tin-germanium alloy is prepared by the following method: heating tin and germanium to 1000 ℃ according to the weight ratio of 90:10, preserving heat for 60min after melting, then cooling to 700 ℃, and pouring to obtain the tin-germanium alloy. The antimony tellurium alloy is prepared by the following method: heating antimony and tellurium according to the weight ratio of 86:14 to 700 ℃, preserving heat for 50min after melting, and then cooling to 520 ℃ for pouring to obtain the antimony-tellurium alloy.
The obtained high antimony tin-based babbitt metal material is subjected to component analysis, and the result is shown in table 1; the Brinell hardness and the tensile strength of the high-antimony tin-based babbitt metal material are measured at the same time, and the results are shown in Table 2; and a metallographic structure diagram thereof was prepared as shown in fig. 1.
TABLE 1 analysis results of the composition of high-Sb tin-based Babbitt alloy materials
| Raw materials | Formulation (%) | Composition analysis (%) |
| Cu | 6.00 | 5.01 |
| Sb | 11.00 | 10.88 |
| Te | 0.003 | 0.0031 |
| Ge | 0.011 | 0.010 |
| Sn | Balance of | Balance of |
| Pb | —— | 0.021 |
| Zn | —— | 0.00019 |
| Fe | —— | 0.0018 |
| Al | —— | 0.00034 |
TABLE 2 Brinell hardness and tensile strength statistics table for high-Sb tin-based Babbitt alloy material
As can be seen from Table 1, the raw material composition of the high-Sb tin-based Babbitt alloy obtained in this example has less variation and less impurities. As shown in Table 2, the high-Sb tin-based Babbitt alloy material has high Brinell hardness and tensile strength, the average value of the Brinell hardness is 26.64, and the average value of the tensile strength is 81.51 MPa.
Example 2
A high-antimony tin-based babbitt metal material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 11% of antimony, 6% of copper, 0.005% of tellurium, 0.013% of germanium and the balance of tin.
The preparation method of the high-antimony tin-based babbitt metal material comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing a tin-germanium alloy, an antimony-tellurium alloy, copper, antimony and 1/2-1/3 weight parts of tin, the antimony-germanium alloy and the antimony-tellurium alloy in a weight ratio of 11: 0.1-0.15: 0.02-0.07, heating to 800-850 ℃, melting, stirring, then preserving heat for 1h, and naturally cooling to 680-700 ℃ to obtain a first metal liquid;
(2) adding the rest tin into the metal liquid I obtained in the step (1), cooling to 450-460 ℃, stirring, refining and deslagging according to the sequence of 2 times of pine sawdust, 1 time of rosin and 2 times of ammonium chloride, and refining to obtain metal liquid II;
(3) heating the second metal liquid obtained in the step (2) to 490-510 ℃, introducing argon gas, and refining for 5-15 min to obtain a third metal liquid;
(4) pouring the third molten metal obtained in the step (3) at the constant temperature of 490-510 ℃, and extruding and drawing to obtain the high-antimony tin-based Babbitt alloy material.
The tin-germanium alloy is prepared by the following method: heating tin and germanium to 1000 ℃ according to the weight ratio of 90:10, preserving heat for 60min after melting, then cooling to 700 ℃, and pouring to obtain the tin-germanium alloy. The antimony tellurium alloy is prepared by the following method: heating antimony and tellurium according to the weight ratio of 86:14 to 700 ℃, preserving heat for 50min after melting, and then cooling to 520 ℃ for pouring to obtain the antimony-tellurium alloy.
The obtained high antimony tin-based babbitt metal material was subjected to composition analysis, and the results thereof are shown in table 3; the Brinell hardness and tensile strength of the high-antimony tin-based babbitt metal material are measured at the same time, and the results are shown in Table 4; and a metallographic structure diagram thereof was prepared as shown in fig. 2.
TABLE 3 analysis results of the composition of high-Sb tin-based Babbitt alloy materials
TABLE 4 Brinell hardness and tensile strength statistics table for high-Sb tin-based Babbitt alloy material
As can be seen from Table 3, the raw material composition of the high-Sb tin-based Babbitt alloy obtained in this example has less variation and less impurity components. As shown in Table 4, the high-Sb tin-based Babbitt alloy material has high Brinell hardness and tensile strength, the average value of the Brinell hardness is 28.5, and the average value of the tensile strength is 93.06 MPa.
Example 3
A high-antimony tin-based babbitt metal material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 11% of antimony, 6% of copper, 0.008% of tellurium, 0.015% of germanium and the balance of tin.
The preparation method of the high-antimony tin-based babbitt metal material comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing a tin-germanium alloy, an antimony-tellurium alloy, copper, antimony and 1/2-1/3 weight parts of tin, the antimony-germanium alloy and the antimony-tellurium alloy in a weight ratio of 11: 0.1-0.15: 0.02-0.07, heating to 800-850 ℃, melting, stirring, then preserving heat for 1h, and naturally cooling to 680-700 ℃ to obtain a first metal liquid;
(2) adding the rest tin into the metal liquid I obtained in the step (1), cooling to 450-460 ℃, stirring, refining and deslagging according to the sequence of 2 times of pine sawdust, 1 time of rosin and 2 times of ammonium chloride, and refining to obtain metal liquid II;
(3) heating the second metal liquid obtained in the step (2) to 490-510 ℃, introducing argon gas, and refining for 5-15 min to obtain a third metal liquid;
(4) pouring the third molten metal obtained in the step (3) at the constant temperature of 490-510 ℃, and extruding and drawing to obtain the high-antimony tin-based Babbitt alloy material.
The tin-germanium alloy is prepared by the following method: heating tin and germanium to 1000 ℃ according to the weight ratio of 90:10, preserving heat for 60min after melting, then cooling to 700 ℃, and pouring to obtain the tin-germanium alloy. The antimony tellurium alloy is prepared by the following method: heating antimony and tellurium according to the weight ratio of 86:14 to 700 ℃, preserving heat for 60min after melting, and then cooling to 520 ℃ for pouring to obtain the antimony-tellurium alloy.
The obtained high antimony tin-based babbitt metal material was subjected to composition analysis, and the results thereof are shown in table 5; the Brinell hardness and tensile strength of the high-antimony tin-based babbitt metal material are measured at the same time, and the results are shown in Table 6; and a metallographic structure diagram thereof was prepared as shown in fig. 3.
TABLE 5 analysis results of the composition of high-Sb tin-based Babbitt alloy materials
| Raw materials | Formulation (%) | Composition analysis (%) |
| Cu | 6.00 | 6.03 |
| Sb | 11.00 | 11.05 |
| Te | 0.008 | 0.0081 |
| Ge | 0.015 | 0.0148 |
| Sn | Balance of | Balance of |
| Pb | —— | 0.023 |
| Zn | —— | 0.00029 |
| Fe | —— | 0.0013 |
| Al | —— | 0.00024 |
TABLE 6 Brinell hardness and tensile strength statistics table for high-Sb tin-based Babbitt alloy material
As can be seen from Table 5, the raw material composition of the high-Sb tin-based Babbitt alloy obtained in this example has less variation and less impurity components. As can be seen from Table 6, the high-Sb tin-based Babbitt alloy material has high Brinell hardness and tensile strength, the average value of the Brinell hardness is 27.82, and the average value of the tensile strength is 89.07 MPa.
From the above, the high antimony tin-based babbitt metal material obtained by the method has less impurities and higher Brinell hardness and tensile strength.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the illustrated embodiments, it should not be construed as limited to the scope of the present patent. Various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art without inventive step within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The high-antimony tin-based babbitt metal material is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 10 to 12 percent of antimony, 5 to 7 percent of copper, 0.003 to 0.01 percent of tellurium, 0.01 to 0.015 percent of germanium and the balance of tin.
2. The high antimony tin based babbitt metal material of claim 1, consisting of the following components in weight percent: 11-12% of antimony, 6-7% of copper, 0.005-0.08% of tellurium, 0.011-0.014% of germanium and the balance of tin.
3. The high antimony tin based babbitt metal material of claim 1, consisting of the following components in weight percent: 11% of antimony, 6% of copper, 0.005% of tellurium, 0.013% of germanium and the balance of tin.
4. The method for preparing the high antimony tin based babbitt metal material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
(1) weighing a tin-germanium alloy, an antimony-tellurium alloy, copper, antimony and 1/2-1/3 weight parts of tin, heating to 800-850 ℃, melting, stirring, then preserving heat for 0.8-1.2 hours, and naturally cooling to 680-700 ℃ to obtain a first metal liquid;
(2) adding the rest tin into the first metal liquid obtained in the step (1), then cooling to 450-460 ℃, stirring, and refining to obtain a second metal liquid;
(3) heating the second metal liquid obtained in the step (2) to 490-510 ℃, introducing argon gas, and refining for 5-15 min to obtain a third metal liquid;
(4) and (4) casting the molten metal III obtained in the step (3) at the constant temperature of 490-510 ℃, and extruding and drawing to obtain the high-antimony tin-based Babbitt alloy material.
5. The method for preparing the high antimony tin based babbitt metal material according to claim 4, wherein the tin germanium alloy is prepared by the following method: heating tin and germanium to 1000 ℃ according to the weight ratio of 90:10, preserving heat for 50-70 min after melting, and then cooling to 700 ℃ for casting to obtain the tin-germanium alloy.
6. The method for preparing the high antimony tin-based babbitt metal material as claimed in claim 4, wherein the antimony tellurium alloy is prepared by the following method: heating antimony and tellurium according to the weight ratio of 86:14 to 700 ℃, preserving heat for 50-60 min after melting, and then cooling to 520 ℃ for casting to obtain the antimony-tellurium alloy.
7. The method for preparing the high-antimony tin-based babbitt metal material as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step (1), the weight ratio of antimony to tin-germanium alloy to antimony-tellurium alloy is 11: 0.1-0.15: 0.02-0.07.
8. The method for preparing the babbitt metal material of high antimony tin base according to claim 4, wherein in the step (2), refining and deslagging are performed in the order of pine dust 2 times, rosin 1 time, and ammonium chloride 2 times.
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