CN108842103B - Aluminum-based alloy with high wear resistance, high temperature resistance and low expansion coefficient - Google Patents
Aluminum-based alloy with high wear resistance, high temperature resistance and low expansion coefficient Download PDFInfo
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- CN108842103B CN108842103B CN201810937411.1A CN201810937411A CN108842103B CN 108842103 B CN108842103 B CN 108842103B CN 201810937411 A CN201810937411 A CN 201810937411A CN 108842103 B CN108842103 B CN 108842103B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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Abstract
The invention relates to an aluminum-based alloy with high wear resistance, high temperature resistance and low expansion coefficient. The alloy is an aluminum-based alloy containing aluminum, copper, magnesium, manganese, titanium, boron, nickel, silicon, zinc, rare earth, strontium, lithium and other inevitable impurity elements. The invention has good cutting performance and excellent mechanical performance, low production cost and great competitive advantage at home and abroad, can replace tin bronze and zinc-based alloy in a high temperature range to manufacture worm gears, nuts and sliders, and greatly reduces the production cost of enterprises.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an aluminum-based alloy, in particular to an aluminum-based alloy with high wear resistance, high temperature resistance and low expansion coefficient.
Background
Because of the characteristic of good wear resistance, tin bronze and zinc-based alloy have been widely researched, but the application range is greatly limited because the high-temperature mechanical property is reduced and the expansion coefficient is increased.
At present, in domestic machinery manufacturing enterprises, tin bronze and zinc-based alloys are selected as anti-friction fittings, wherein ZCuSn6Zn6Pb3, ZCuSn10Pb1, ZCuSn10Pb5, ZA27 and ZA30 are widely applied. Under the high-speed and high-temperature state, the mechanical property of the casting is reduced, the expansion coefficient is increased, and the abrasion loss is increased rapidly.
The main reasons for the above problems are: first, the composition ratio of the existing alloy determines the limitation of the performance. Secondly, under the high temperature state, the strength, hardness and wear resistance of the tin bronze and zinc-based alloy are all sharply deteriorated, the expansion coefficient is increased, and the use requirements of parts are difficult to meet. The strength of the worm wheel, the shaft sleeve and the sliding block made of the tin bronze and zinc-based alloy obtained by the traditional method is reduced, the phenomena of aggravation of abrasion, breakage and aggravation of the worm wheel and nut teeth occur, and the shaft sleeve has an increased expansion coefficient and has a shaft holding phenomenon.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an aluminum-based alloy with excellent cutting processing performance, stable mechanical performance, high wear resistance, high temperature resistance and low expansion coefficient
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the high-strength, high-wear-resistance and high-temperature-resistance aluminum-based alloy is characterized by comprising, by weight, 70-80% of A L70, 4-2% of Cu, 0.02-0.06% of Mg0.02-1% of Mn0.5-1% of Ti, 0.1-0.5% of B, 0.03-0.1% of Ni, 0.5-1% of Si 4-6%, 0.1-0.3% of Re0.1%, 0.1-0.5% of Sr0.5%, L i 1-3% of Zn, and the balance of other impurities being less than or equal to 0.2%.
The alloy weight percentage composition of the alloy can be preferably A L75%, Cu3.5%, Mg0.02%, Mn0.84%, Ni0.9%, Si5.5%, Ti0.25%, B0.05%, Re0.27%, Sr0.48%, L i2.8%, and the balance of Zn and impurities.
The alloy composition by weight percentage is preferably A L76%, Cu3.5%, Mg0.027%, Mn0.87%, Ni0.85%, Si5.8%, Ti0.23%, B0.04%, Re0.25%, Sr0.45%, L i2.7%, and the balance of Zn and impurities.
The alloy composition by weight percentage is preferably A L77%, Cu3.8%, Mg0.025%, Mn0.9%, Ni0.93%, Si6%, Ti0.23%, B0.04%, Re0.3%, Sr0.5%, L i3%, and the balance of Zn and impurities.
The preparation method of the aluminum-based alloy casting with high wear resistance, high temperature resistance and low expansion coefficient comprises the following steps: heating aluminum ingot, zinc ingot, copper, silicon, manganese and nickel in a resistance furnace, degassing after the aluminum ingot, the zinc ingot, the copper, the silicon, the manganese and the nickel are melted, pressing a magnesium block, adding rare earth after titanium and boron are modified, degassing for the second time, slagging, adding lithium and aluminum-based alloy, and casting a casting under a high-temperature state.
The method for casting the casting comprises the following steps: the aluminum-based alloy is cast in a metal mold at the high temperature of 720 ℃, and the temperature of the mold is controlled at 180 ℃.
The invention has the positive effects that:
the Ti, B and Re are added into the alloy, so that the alloy has a relatively obvious effect of compounding refined metal grains, and the comprehensive mechanical property of the alloy is improved, wherein the Ti and B can refine the alloy grains and improve the mechanical property, the Re can spheroidize the grains and improve the wear resistance of the alloy, the Sr can avoid segregation, so that the alloy material is more uniform, the metal element Si is refined, the Si grains are inhibited from growing, L i and Re can greatly improve the high-temperature strength of the aluminum-based alloy, and the improvement range is about 46 percent.
In the invention, Si is embedded in the matrix in a micro-particle state, so that the wear-resisting effect can be achieved, and the expansion coefficient of the aluminum-based alloy can be reduced by increasing the content of Si. Cu contributes to the overall processing performance of the alloy, improves the plasticity of the alloy during hot processing, enhances the heat treatment strengthening effect and reduces the anisotropy of the alloy. Mg contributes to the formation of finely dispersed phases and prevents recrystallization during hot working and heat treatment. The addition of Zn can improve the wear resistance and self-lubricating effect of the material. The combined addition of Mn and Ni can improve the high-temperature strength of the alloy.
The aluminum-based alloy has good machinability, excellent mechanical property and excellent wear resistance, can replace the prior zinc-based alloy, and is widely applied to manufacturing worm gears, nuts and shaft sleeves.
Secondly, the aluminum-based alloy is cast in a 180 ℃ steel die at the high temperature of 720 ℃, so that the obtained alloy has smaller crystal grains and more compact and uniform internal structure, can better eliminate casting shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosity caused by natural cooling, and can further improve the strength, hardness and wear resistance of the casting.
Thirdly, the product produced by adopting the aluminum alloy has excellent high-temperature mechanical property and excellent high-temperature wear resistance; the production cost is low, the product has competitive advantages in domestic and foreign markets, and can replace tin bronze and zinc-based alloy in a large range.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Three examples of the invention were prepared corresponding to the castings of sample 1, sample 2 and sample 3, respectively, of table 1, and were cast with the specific alloy compositions of table 1, respectively.
TABLE 1 sample chemical composition (% by mass)
The mixed rare earth meets the condition that Ce is more than or equal to 45 percent, specifically, lanthanide mixed rare earth produced by ZiboVirgie rare earth Co., Ltd is selected, and lithium is selected from aluminum-lithium intermediate alloy produced by Hunan Hengbo new material Co., Ltd.
The process flow is as follows: heating aluminum ingot, zinc ingot, copper, silicon, manganese and nickel in a resistance furnace, degassing after the aluminum ingot, the zinc ingot, the copper, the silicon, the manganese and the nickel are melted, pressing a magnesium block, adding rare earth after titanium and boron are modified, adding lithium after secondary degassing and slagging, and casting a casting by using the aluminum-based alloy at the high temperature of 720 ℃.
The specific process is as follows:
firstly, adding an aluminum ingot, a zinc ingot, an aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, an aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, an aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy and an aluminum-nickel intermediate alloy into a resistance furnace according to a proportion, and heating to 650 ℃ for melting the alloy;
secondly, degassing: the additive for removing gas and slag produced by Zhang Jia harbor solvent factory is pressed into the bottom of the liquid by a bell jar;
thirdly, after the temperature reaches 600 ℃, pressing magnesium blocks in proportion, pressing the magnesium blocks into the bottom of the liquid by using a bell jar, and stirring the magnesium blocks for 1 minute after the magnesium blocks are dissolved;
fourthly, modification of titanium and boron: when the temperature is 600 ℃, adopting a titanium boron additive, forming the titanium boron additive into blocks, pressing the titanium boron additives into the bottom of the liquid by using a bell jar, and stirring the titanium boron additives for 1 minute after the titanium boron additives are dissolved;
fifth, rare earth modification: heating to 650 ℃ to cause the rare earth to deteriorate and become block-shaped, pressing the block-shaped rare earth into the bottom of the liquid by using a bell jar, and stirring for 1 minute after the block-shaped rare earth is dissolved;
sixthly, processing the liquid alloy by using the degassing and deslagging additive produced by Zhang hong Kong solvent factory for the second time, and skimming the upper oxidation scum after standing for 10 minutes;
seventhly, adding the aluminum-lithium intermediate alloy, fully stirring, standing for 5 minutes, and skimming dross.
Eight, the aluminum-based alloy is kept at 720 DEG C
Casting the casting at high temperature, wherein the temperature of the mold is 180 ℃.
The mechanical property parameters of three samples of the embodiment of the invention are shown in Table 2.
Mechanical properties of samples at 2200 ℃ in Table
Description of the drawings:
1. and (3) an abrasion resistance test, which is carried out by an MR-H5 type high-speed ring block abrasion tester under the test conditions of 200 ℃ of temperature, 400N of pressure and 700/min of rotating speed to obtain the friction coefficients of the three samples.
2. As is apparent from the general knowledge in the art, the lower the coefficient of friction, the better the abrasion resistance, as can be seen from Table 2, the samples of the present invention
The 200 ℃ coefficient of friction (between 0.031 and 0.034) is significantly lower than tin bronze ZCuSn10Pb1 (0.146 under the same test conditions).
3. As is known in the art, the higher the tensile strength, compressive strength and Brinell hardness, the better the corresponding properties, and the tensile strength at 200 ℃ (between 264 and 285) and the Brinell hardness (between 127 and 132) of the test specimen of the present invention are significantly higher than that of tin bronze ZCuSn10Pb1 (under the same test conditions, the tensile strength is between 157 and the Brinell hardness is between 63).
4. The expansion coefficient of the tin bronze ZCuSn10Pb1 at 200 ℃ is 19.7 × 10^ (6)/° C.
5. The mechanical property of the zinc-based alloy is sharply reduced after the temperature is higher than 120 ℃, so the zinc-based alloy can not be used at 200 ℃.
6. According to the data, the aluminum-based alloy can maintain the strength required by use under the high-temperature condition, and has stable wear resistance and lower expansion coefficient.
Claims (3)
1. The aluminum-based alloy with high wear resistance, high temperature resistance and low expansion coefficient is characterized by comprising, by weight, Al 70-80%, Cu 2-4%, Mg0.02-0.06%, Mn0.5-1%, Ti0.1-0.5%, B0.03-0.1%, Ni0.5-1%, Si 5.5-6%, RE 0.1-0.3%, Sr0.1-0.48%, L i 1-3%, and the balance of Zn, wherein the sum of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.2%;
the high-wear-resistance high-temperature-resistance low-expansion-coefficient aluminum-based alloy has a friction coefficient of 0.031-0.034 at 200 ℃, a tensile strength of 264-285 MPa at 200 ℃, a Brinell hardness of 127-132 HB at 200 ℃ and an expansion coefficient of 17.4 × 10 at 200 DEG C-6/℃。
2. The aluminum-based alloy with high wear resistance, high temperature resistance and low expansion coefficient as claimed in claim 1, wherein the alloy comprises, by weight, Al75%, Cu3.5%, Mg0.02%, Mn0.84%, Ni0.9%, Si5.5%, Ti0.25%, B0.05%, RE0.27%, Sr0.48%, L i2.8%, and the balance of Zn and impurities.
3. The aluminum-based alloy with high wear resistance, high temperature resistance and low expansion coefficient as claimed in claim 1, wherein the alloy comprises, by weight, Al76%, Cu3.5%, Mg0.027%, Mn0.87%, Ni0.85%, Si5.8%, Ti0.23%, B0.04%, RE0.25%, Sr0.45%, L i2.7%, and the balance of Zn and impurities.
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| CN201810937411.1A CN108842103B (en) | 2018-08-17 | 2018-08-17 | Aluminum-based alloy with high wear resistance, high temperature resistance and low expansion coefficient |
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| CN201810937411.1A CN108842103B (en) | 2018-08-17 | 2018-08-17 | Aluminum-based alloy with high wear resistance, high temperature resistance and low expansion coefficient |
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| CN108842103B true CN108842103B (en) | 2020-07-28 |
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| CN109468511A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-03-15 | 广州立中锦山合金有限公司 | A kind of aluminum alloy materials bored for deep-well |
| CN116065058A (en) * | 2023-04-06 | 2023-05-05 | 烟台市睿丰新材料科技有限公司 | Tin-free aluminum alloy and preparation method and application thereof |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101985709A (en) * | 2010-11-08 | 2011-03-16 | 西安晟金新材料科技有限公司 | Wear-resistant high zinc-aluminum-based bronze substitute material |
| CN101985708A (en) * | 2010-11-08 | 2011-03-16 | 西安晟金新材料科技有限公司 | Light wear-resisting high zinc-aluminum-based bearing solid retainer material |
| CN104762539A (en) * | 2015-04-13 | 2015-07-08 | 程鹏 | High-strength and high-abrasion weldable aluminum base alloy |
| CN105755335A (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2016-07-13 | 程鹏 | High-strength and high-abrasion-resistant low-expansion-coefficient aluminum-based alloy |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101985709A (en) * | 2010-11-08 | 2011-03-16 | 西安晟金新材料科技有限公司 | Wear-resistant high zinc-aluminum-based bronze substitute material |
| CN101985708A (en) * | 2010-11-08 | 2011-03-16 | 西安晟金新材料科技有限公司 | Light wear-resisting high zinc-aluminum-based bearing solid retainer material |
| CN104762539A (en) * | 2015-04-13 | 2015-07-08 | 程鹏 | High-strength and high-abrasion weldable aluminum base alloy |
| CN105755335A (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2016-07-13 | 程鹏 | High-strength and high-abrasion-resistant low-expansion-coefficient aluminum-based alloy |
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