CN112410626B - Preparation method of aluminum material for building template - Google Patents
Preparation method of aluminum material for building template Download PDFInfo
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- CN112410626B CN112410626B CN202011194353.1A CN202011194353A CN112410626B CN 112410626 B CN112410626 B CN 112410626B CN 202011194353 A CN202011194353 A CN 202011194353A CN 112410626 B CN112410626 B CN 112410626B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy materials, and discloses a preparation method of an aluminum material for a building template, which comprises the following steps: (1) the aluminum material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 0.42-0.47%, Fe: 0.1-0.25%, Cu: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Mn: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Mg: 0.55-0.6%, Cr: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Zn: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Ti: less than or equal to 0.05 percent and the balance of Al, and are subjected to batching, smelting, stirring, degassing refining, slag removal and casting to form aluminum alloy ingots; (2) and continuously extruding, quenching and naturally aging the cast aluminum alloy ingot to obtain the aluminum product, wherein water mist cold quenching is adopted for quenching treatment, and the aluminum product quenching temperature is controlled to be 250-300 ℃. The invention solves the problem that the Brinell hardness and the Vickers hardness of the aluminum product are reduced under the condition of higher tensile strength.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aluminum alloy materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an aluminum material for a building template.
Background
The wind ring in the existing market is mostly made of stainless steel or cast iron, the weight is heavier than aluminum alloy, the wind ring is easy to rust and is not attractive, and the heat dissipation performance is poorer than that of aluminum. Meanwhile, the air ring product needs to be subjected to rounding treatment in the later stage, and in order to prevent the defects of cracks and the like after rounding, the air ring product is required to have lower Brinell hardness and Vickers hardness under higher tensile strength. GB/T6892-2015 requires 6063-T5 alloy properties: rm is more than or equal to 160MPa, A50 is more than or equal to 6 percent, and Brinell hardness is more than or equal to 65 HBW. The performance of the air ring product requires: rm is more than or equal to 165MPa, A50 is more than or equal to 8 percent, and the Brinell hardness is 50-61.5 HBW. The Wechsler hardness range of 7-10HW in factory detection is narrow, and the performance of the Wechsler hardness range is not easy to control. According to the existing extrusion experience and performance results, the traditional extrusion process cannot meet the product characteristics. In order to break through the technical barrier, the optimal alloy component proportion and production process need to be found out from the aspects of ingot aluminum alloy component proportion, subsequent extrusion, heat treatment process and the like so as to meet the requirements of the air ring product.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for preparing an aluminum material for a building template, which aims to solve the problem that the brinell hardness and the wecker hardness of an aluminum material product are reduced under the condition of high tensile strength.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a preparation method of an aluminum material for a building template, which comprises the following steps: (1) the aluminum material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 0.42-0.47%, Fe: 0.1-0.25%, Cu: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Mn: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Mg: 0.55-0.6%, Cr: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Zn: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Ti: less than or equal to 0.05 percent and the balance of Al, and are subjected to batching, smelting, stirring, degassing refining, slag removal and casting to form aluminum alloy ingots; (2) and continuously extruding, quenching and naturally aging the cast aluminum alloy ingot to obtain the aluminum product, wherein water mist cold quenching is adopted for quenching treatment, and the aluminum product quenching temperature is controlled to be 250-300 ℃.
Further, the extrusion speed of the aluminum alloy ingot is 6-7 m/min; the heating temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 400-440 ℃, the heating temperature of the die is 450-500 ℃, and the heating temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot is 480-500 ℃.
Further, the time length of natural aging is 96 hours.
Further, artificial aging is added before natural aging, and the temperature of the artificial aging is 200 ℃ and the time duration is 40 min.
Further, the aluminum material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 0.42%, Fe: 0.25%, Cu: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Mn: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Mg: 0.55%, Cr: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Zn: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Ti: less than or equal to 0.05 percent and the balance of Al.
Further, the aluminum material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 0.45%, Fe: 0.2%, Cu: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Mn: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Mg: 0.58%, Cr: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Zn: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Ti: less than or equal to 0.05 percent and the balance of Al.
Further, the aluminum material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 0.47%, Fe: 0.1%, Cu: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Mn: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Mg: 0.6%, Cr: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Zn: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Ti: less than or equal to 0.05 percent and the balance of Al.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adopts high-content Mg and Si components for extrusion, and can obtain the performance meeting the product requirement through a reasonable extrusion process and a heat treatment system, namely Rm of a medium-strength air ring product produced by the aluminum material is more than or equal to 165MPa, A50 is more than or equal to 8 percent, Brinell hardness is 50-61.5HBW, and Vickers hardness is 7-10 HW. And the later-period rounding of the air ring product has no defect and meets the actual application standard.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out hereinafter.
Detailed Description
The following are specific examples of the present invention and further describe the technical solutions of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
The aluminum material for the building template mentioned in this embodiment comprises the following components by mass percent: si: 0.42-0.47%, Fe: 0.1-0.25%, Cu: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Mn: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Mg: 0.55-0.6%, Cr: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Zn: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Ti: less than or equal to 0.05 percent and the balance of Al.
The reasonable proportion of the silicon element and the magnesium element in the aluminum material can ensure that the aluminum alloy has the advantages of small thermal expansion coefficient, small hot cracking tendency, good fluidity and the like, so that the cast aluminum alloy is obviously different from other cast aluminum alloys or deformed aluminum alloys. In addition, the addition of the silicon element can solve the problem that the aluminum magnesium alloy cannot be subjected to solid solution strengthening, but the dosage of the silicon element is not larger than the proportion of the magnesium element, which is not favorable for reducing the Brinell hardness and the Vickers hardness of the aluminum alloy. The magnesium element and the aluminum can be relatively high in mutual solubility, the physical properties of the aluminum alloy are greatly improved, and the magnesium element with the content can enable the finally cast aluminum alloy to have ductility after extrusion and heat treatment without increasing the brittleness of the alloy. The copper element has a face-centered cubic structure as the aluminum element, the melting point of copper is higher, and the copper element is added into the cast aluminum alloy, so that no ternary compound is formed. The lattice constants of copper and aluminum are greatly different, but copper can be dissolved in aluminum, so that the lattice of aluminum is greatly distorted after copper element is added, a remarkable strengthening effect is generated, and the strength is sharply increased and the elongation rate is sharply reduced along with the increase of the copper content. In order to ensure the workability, the strength and elongation are required to be excellent, and therefore the amount of copper is controlled within the range. The iron element and the titanium element are used as transition group elements, are hardly dissolved in aluminum in a solid state under a balanced condition, and exist in the form of intermetallic compounds with high-temperature stability and high elastic modulus dispersion, so that the cast aluminum alloy has excellent high-temperature comprehensive mechanical properties by strengthening a matrix and a grain boundary. The contents of iron and titanium elements need to be reasonably selected, the contents cannot be infinitely enlarged, the casting can crack due to overhigh content of the iron element, so that the casting is brittle, and the titanium element needs to be matched with the iron element to achieve the effect of enhancing the high-temperature performance of the aluminum alloy. The melting point of the manganese element is higher than that of the copper element, the manganese element plays two roles in casting the aluminum alloy, one is the harmful role of neutralizing the iron element, so that the iron element only plays the positive role, namely the role of improving the high-temperature performance, and therefore the proportion of the iron element and the manganese element is also an important reference parameter for selecting the content of the manganese element; and secondly, the corrosion resistance of the cast aluminum alloy is improved, the material structure can be refined by adding the manganese element, the recrystallization temperature is improved, and the heat resistance of the aluminum alloy is enhanced. The improvement of the strength of the aluminum alloy is limited by adding the zinc element alone, and meanwhile, the stress corrosion cracking tendency exists, but the zinc element and the magnesium element can form a strengthening phase Mg/Zn2, so that the tensile strength and the yield strength of the alloy can be obviously improved, and in order to ensure that the zinc element and the magnesium element are combined to generate a beneficial effect suitable for a wind ring, the addition amount of the zinc element is controlled within the content range. Chromium is used as an additive to improve the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy. In the aluminum alloy components, the impurity elements mainly comprise harmful impurity elements such as carbon, sulfur and the like, and are less, the content of single impurity element is less than or equal to 0.03%, and the total content of impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.1%.
Specifically, the compositions and mass percentages of the aluminum materials of examples 1 to 3 are shown in Table 1 below.
Table 1: compositions and mass percentages of aluminum materials of examples 1-3
Implementation 1:
firstly, proportioning the components according to the mass percentage of each component of the aluminum material in the example 1 in the table 1, smelting, stirring, degassing, refining, removing slag, and then casting into an aluminum alloy ingot, wherein the casting adopts a casting machine for molding and casting; then, continuously extruding, quenching and naturally aging the cast aluminum alloy ingot to obtain the aluminum material, wherein the extrusion is carried out by adopting an extruder at the extrusion speed of 6 m/min; the heating temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 400 ℃, the heating temperature of the die is 450 ℃, and the heating temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot is 480 ℃; the quenching treatment adopts water mist cold quenching, the temperature of the aluminum material out of quenching is controlled to be 250 ℃, the artificial aging temperature is 200 ℃, the time duration is 40min, and the time duration of natural aging is 96 h; and finally, machining the aluminum material to obtain the finished product of the aluminum alloy air ring.
The aluminum alloy air ring after extrusion-machining is subjected to relevant tests, and the performance of the aluminum alloy air ring can meet the requirements that Rm is larger than or equal to 165MPa, A50 is larger than or equal to 8%, Brinell hardness is 50-61.5HBW, and Vickers hardness is 7-10 HW. Namely, all detection indexes of the product meet the medium strength required by customers, the product is rounded at the later stage without any defect, and the product performance meets the actual application standard.
Implementation 2:
firstly, proportioning the components according to the mass percentage of each component of the aluminum material in the embodiment 2 in the table 1, and casting the aluminum alloy ingot after smelting, stirring, degassing, refining and slag removal, wherein the casting adopts a casting machine for molding and casting; then, continuously extruding, quenching and naturally aging the cast aluminum alloy ingot to obtain the aluminum material, wherein the extrusion is carried out by adopting an extruder at the extrusion speed of 6.5 m/min; the heating temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 420 ℃, the heating temperature of the die is 470 ℃, and the heating temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot is 490 ℃; the quenching treatment adopts water mist cold quenching, the temperature of the aluminum material out of quenching is controlled to be 280 ℃, the artificial aging temperature is 200 ℃, the time is 40min, and the natural aging time is 96 h; and finally, machining the aluminum material to obtain the finished product of the aluminum alloy air ring.
The mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy air ring obtained by the preparation method are the same as those of the aluminum alloy air ring obtained in the embodiment 1, and the actual installation requirements can be met.
Example 3:
firstly, proportioning the components according to the mass percentage of each component of the aluminum material in the embodiment 3 in the table 1, and casting the aluminum alloy ingot after smelting, stirring, degassing, refining and slag removal, wherein the casting adopts a casting machine for molding and casting; then, continuously extruding, quenching and naturally aging the cast aluminum alloy ingot to obtain the aluminum material, wherein the extrusion is carried out by adopting an extruder at the extrusion speed of 7 m/min; the heating temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 440 ℃, the heating temperature of the die is 490 ℃, and the heating temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot is 500 ℃; the quenching treatment adopts water mist cold quenching, the temperature of the aluminum material out of quenching is controlled to be 300 ℃, the artificial aging temperature is 200 ℃, the time duration is 40min, and the time duration of natural aging is 96 h; and finally, machining the aluminum material to obtain the finished product of the aluminum alloy air ring.
The mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy air ring obtained by the preparation method are the same as those of the aluminum alloy air ring obtained in the embodiment 1, and the actual installation requirements can be met.
Finally, the above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all of them should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A preparation method of an aluminum material for a building template is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) the aluminum material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 0.42-0.47%, Fe: 0.1-0.25%, Cu: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Mn: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Mg: 0.55-0.6%, Cr: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Zn: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Ti: less than or equal to 0.05 percent and the balance of Al, and are subjected to batching, smelting, stirring, degassing refining, slag removal and casting to form aluminum alloy ingots; (2) and carrying out continuous extrusion, quenching treatment and natural aging on the cast aluminum alloy ingot to obtain the aluminum product, wherein the quenching treatment adopts water mist cold quenching and controls: the extrusion speed of the aluminum alloy ingot is 6-7m/min, the heating temperature of an extrusion cylinder is 400-.
2. The method for preparing the aluminum material for the building template according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum material is composed of the following components in percentage by mass: si: 0.42%, Fe: 0.25%, Cu: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Mn: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Mg: 0.55%, Cr: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Zn: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Ti: less than or equal to 0.05 percent and the balance of Al.
3. The method for preparing the aluminum material for the building template according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum material is composed of the following components in percentage by mass: si: 0.45%, Fe: 0.2%, Cu: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Mn: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Mg: 0.58%, Cr: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Zn: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Ti: less than or equal to 0.05 percent and the balance of Al.
4. The method for preparing the aluminum material for the building template according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum material is composed of the following components in percentage by mass: si: 0.47%, Fe: 0.1%, Cu: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Mn: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Mg: 0.6%, Cr: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Zn: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Ti: less than or equal to 0.05 percent and the balance of Al.
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