CN117107119A - Die-casting aluminum alloy with high conductivity and high strength and toughness and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Die-casting aluminum alloy with high conductivity and high strength and toughness and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117107119A CN117107119A CN202310662329.3A CN202310662329A CN117107119A CN 117107119 A CN117107119 A CN 117107119A CN 202310662329 A CN202310662329 A CN 202310662329A CN 117107119 A CN117107119 A CN 117107119A
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910018580 Al—Zr Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910018084 Al-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018192 Al—Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910020785 La—Ce Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- RZJQYRCNDBMIAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Zn].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn] Chemical class [Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Zn].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn] RZJQYRCNDBMIAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 15
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019752 Mg2Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000905 alloy phase Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008094 contradictory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
- B22D17/22—Dies; Die plates; Die supports; Cooling equipment for dies; Accessories for loosening and ejecting castings from dies
- B22D17/2218—Cooling or heating equipment for dies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
- B22D17/32—Controlling equipment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/05—Refining by treating with gases, e.g. gas flushing also refining by means of a material generating gas in situ
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a die-casting aluminum alloy with high conductivity and high strength and toughness, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: fe less than or equal to 0.3wt percent, si:0.1 to 0.4 weight percent, less than or equal to 1.5 weight percent of Ce, less than or equal to 0.5 weight percent of La and Ni: less than or equal to 4.0 weight percent, zr:0.05 to 0.3 weight percent, B:0.05 to 0.15 weight percent of Mg:0.05 to 0.4 weight percent of Cu less than or equal to 0.2 weight percent, mn+Cr+Ti+V less than or equal to 0.1 weight percent, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of the impurities is controlled below 0.1 weight percent. The invention has the beneficial effects that the material has high conductivity and high toughness.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of die-casting aluminum alloy processing, in particular to a die-casting aluminum alloy with high conductivity and high strength and toughness and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The new energy industry develops rapidly, the consumption growth space of aluminum products is greatly expanded by the light-weight requirement brought by new energy, aluminum has excellent electric conductivity and thermal conductivity, and the energy is rich and low in cost, so that the energy-saving aluminum product has obvious advantages in the field of automobile light weight. At present, more and more vehicle enterprises adopt aluminum materials to replace copper materials as motor rotors of new energy automobiles, so that the purposes of saving cost and reducing weight are achieved;
although the aluminum has obvious advantages, the aluminum has poor strength and unsatisfactory die casting performance, other alloying elements are usually required to be added to enhance the die casting and mechanical properties of the aluminum, but the added metal elements are difficult to simultaneously consider the die casting performance, the conductivity and the mechanical properties, and contradictory change rules always exist, so that the application of the aluminum alloy for die casting is limited;
patent CN114318085A discloses an aluminum alloy excellent in mechanical and electrical conductivity and a method for producing the same, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises 0.33 to 0.37wt% of Si element, 0.45 to 0.55wt% of Mg element, and 0.07 to 0.15wt% of Fe element, and further comprises less than or equal to 0.03w t% of Ga element, less than or equal to 0.03% of Zn element, less than or equal to 0.01% of Mn element, less than or equal to 0.01% of Ti element, less than or equal to 0.001wt% of sodium element, less than or equal to 0.0002wt% of lithium element, less than or equal to 0.015wt% of manganese element, the sum of vanadium element and chromium element, less than or equal to 0.01wt% of other elements, wherein the total content of the elements in the aluminum alloy is less than or equal to 0.1wt%, and the balance is aluminum element; the mass ratio of the magnesium element to the difference between the silicon element and one third of the iron element is 1.45-1.75, and the main elements in the patent are Mg, si and Fe, which are mainly Mg 2 The Si strengthening phase is strengthened, a high-temperature stabilizing element is lacking in the patent alloy, the Mg2Si strengthening phase is coarsened when the material is in service for a long time at a higher temperature, so that the performance is attenuated, the alloy component also lacks elements for improving the fluidity, the contents of Si, mg and Fe for reducing the sticking tendency are limited at a lower level, the die casting is difficult to carry out in the actual production process, the porosity is not guaranteed, and the application has a certain limitation;
patent 114318090B discloses a new energy automobile motor rotor casting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the new energy automobile motor rotor casting aluminum alloy comprises 0.05-0.06 wt% of titanium, 0.04-0.06 wt% of boron, 0.15-0.5 wt% of silicon, 0.01-0.08 wt% of iron, 0.5-0.7 wt% of copper, 0.3-0.5 wt% of magnesium, 0.01-0.2 wt% of zinc, 0.02-0.12 wt% of manganese and the balance of aluminum. The patent also ensures the mechanical property and the electrical conductivity of the material at normal temperature through element adjustment, and improves the high-temperature performance through Cu; the addition of Cu alloy elements to improve the strength can sacrifice the conductivity of the material, is not beneficial to improving the conductivity, and meanwhile, the addition of the Cu elements with the excessively high content obviously widens the solid-liquid phase interval, increases the thermal cracking risk of the material in the casting process, and is difficult to apply to die casting;
in view of the above, it is necessary to improve the existing preparation method of the high-conductivity aluminum alloy, so that the existing preparation method can adapt to the current requirement of using the die-casting aluminum alloy, the production efficiency is improved, the performance is simultaneously considered, and the performance requirement of a motor rotor or other high-conductivity application is met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems, and designs a die-casting aluminum alloy with high conductivity and high strength and toughness and a preparation method thereof.
The die-casting aluminum alloy with high conductivity and high strength and toughness comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: fe less than or equal to 0.3wt percent, si:0.1 to 0.4 weight percent, less than or equal to 1.5 weight percent of Ce, less than or equal to 0.5 weight percent of La and Ni: less than or equal to 4.0 weight percent, zr:0.05 to 0.3 weight percent, B:0.05 to 0.15 weight percent of Mg:0.05 to 0.4 weight percent of Cu less than or equal to 0.2 weight percent, mn+Cr+Ti+V less than or equal to 0.1 weight percent, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of the impurities is controlled below 0.1 weight percent.
Further supplementing the technical scheme, zr and La and Ce are added in the form of grain refining alloy.
According to the technical scheme, the fine-grain alloy is treated by a high-speed gas quenching method combined with a planetary high-energy mechanical ball milling method to prepare fine-grain alloy powder.
Further supplementing the technical scheme, the high-speed gas quenching method combined with the planetary high-energy mechanical ball milling method comprises the following working steps:
adding Al-Zr, al-La and Al-Ce intermediate phase alloy respectively, and concretely, proportioning the mass distribution form according to the component requirements to obtain an intermediate alloy with preset components;
step two: heating the intermediate alloy with preset components to 950-1200 ℃ in a molten state by an induction heater;
step three: forming tiny liquid drops by impacting the molten liquid flow through high-speed inert gas flow, and collecting mixed fine-grain alloy powder after quenching;
step four: and placing the mixed fine-grain alloy powder in a planetary high-energy ball mill under the protection of inert gas atmosphere for intermittent ball milling, so as to promote the alloy to be further transformed, and finally obtaining the required fine-grain alloy.
Further supplementing the technical scheme, the gas flow in the high-speed gas quenching method is helium, and the gas flow pressure is 3-8Mpa; the ball milling time is 20-60 h by the high-energy mechanical ball milling method, and the ratio of the running time to the stopping time is 5:1, the ball milling rotating speed is 300-500r/min.
A preparation method of die-casting aluminum alloy with high conductivity and high toughness comprises the following steps:
1) Preparing materials according to the proportion of alloy components, firstly, putting high-purity aluminum element into a heating furnace, heating to 690 ℃, and completely melting and preserving heat for 15min;
2) Heating to 760 ℃, and adding Si and Cu simple substance elements and Al-Fe alloy;
3) Cooling to 730 ℃, and adding the Al-B, al-Ni intermediate alloy and the Al-Zr-La-Ce fine crystal alloy;
4) Cooling to 720 ℃, and adding pure Mg metal material;
5) And after the raw materials are completely melted, refining and degassing the melt, and finally casting to obtain the aluminum alloy cast ingot.
According to the technical scheme, the aluminum alloy casting is subjected to high-pressure die casting.
Further supplementing the technical scheme, the working steps of the high-pressure die casting forming are as follows:
1) Melting the aluminum alloy ingot again at 740 ℃ and preserving heat;
2) Protective gas is introduced to isolate with air during heat preservation, and then the air is injected into a die casting die;
3) Pre-filling the molten alloy obtained in the step 1) in a charging barrel through a punch of a die casting machine, controlling the temperature of the die through an oil temperature machine and a water temperature machine, and enabling cooling water to pass through a cooling pipeline under the water pressure of 0.6-1.0MPa during injection, wherein the high-pressure water of the pipeline rapidly cools the part of the die core; after the injection is finished, maintaining the pressure for 7-9 seconds, opening the die, ejecting the casting by an ejection system, and cooling and forming;
4) And demolding, and taking out the casting through a mechanical arm.
A baking method of die-casting aluminum alloy with high conductivity and high toughness comprises the steps of heating a die-casting aluminum alloy casting to 220-240 ℃ at a heating rate of 150 ℃/h, and cooling air to room temperature after baking for 1-2h to obtain the die-casting aluminum alloy with high conductivity and high toughness.
Further supplementing the technical scheme, the die-casting aluminum alloy has conductivity after baking: 30-32Ms/m, tensile strength is more than or equal to 140MPa, yield strength is more than or equal to 60MPa, and elongation is more than or equal to 12%.
The beneficial effects are thatThe method has the advantages that (1) the die casting property and the conductivity of the alloy are improved through the specific rare earth modification; rare earth La and Ce have large affinity with aluminum element, and generated Al 11 La 3 And Al 11 Ce 3 The alloy has larger crystallization latent heat, and the large crystallization latent heat is beneficial to the improvement of the die casting fluidity of the alloy; meanwhile, compared with Si element used for improving fluidity in die-casting aluminum alloy, the solid solubility of La and Ce in aluminum matrix is extremely low and close to zero, and is extremely difficult to be dissolved in aluminum matrix, compared with Si element capable of being dissolved, the lattice distortion can be reduced to the greatest extent, and the influence on conductivity is smaller than Si; in addition, rare earth and nonmetallic elements such as H, O and the like in the aluminum liquid have strong binding force, can effectively remove hydrogen and oxygen, purify the aluminum liquid, simultaneously combine with B element to react with Ti, V, cr and the like in the aluminum liquid, so that impurity elements are converted from a solid solution state to a precipitation state, and the conductivity of the alloy is improved;
(2) The morphology of Fe phase is modified by substituting Mn with La, ce and Ni of rare earth, and the Fe easily generates needle-shaped Al in the Al 3 Fe and beta-AlFeSi phase, the needle-shaped phase can seriously deteriorate the mechanical property of the material, and increase the scattering of electrons to reduce the conductivity, at present, the Mn can be added to modify the Fe phase to reduce the influence of Fe, but Mn solid solution can seriously deteriorate the conductivity of the material, and the needle-shaped Fe phase is transformed into round CeFe by the joint modification of rare earth and Ni 2 Al 10 And LaFe 2 Al10，FeNiAl 9 The ternary compound replaces the traditional method of removing modification on Fe phase by Mn element, and obviously improves the toughness of the material on the premise of not losing conductivity;
(3) Ni, zr and Cu promote the mechanical property of the material, the solid solubility of Ni and Zr in an aluminum matrix is lower, and the existence form mainly adopts Al 3 Zr and Al 3 The existence of a Ni submicron precipitated phase has stable property, can effectively pin dislocation movement, stabilizes tissue texture, and ensures good reliability of the alloy when the alloy is in service at room temperature and high temperature; meanwhile, a small amount of Cu element is added, and the Cu phase is aged and separated out to form a high-temperature stable phase theta-Al 2 The addition of Cu, si and Mg forms Mg during baking 2 Si aging phase, can obviously improve the materialMechanical properties, and simultaneously with precipitation of a precipitated phase, the solid solubility of Cu, si and Mg in an aluminum matrix is obviously reduced, lattice distortion is reduced, and the influence on conductivity is reduced by maximum degree of service while the mechanical properties are improved; in addition, in the heat treatment process, the heat treatment temperature reaches the recovery temperature point of the alloy, point defects can be migrated and neutralized, adverse effects of the point defects on conductivity are reduced, adverse effects on conductivity caused by supersaturated vacancies due to a die casting process are reduced, the material has high conductivity and high toughness, in addition, the total amount of Mn, cr, V and Ti is strictly controlled, and impurity elements are reduced to reduce the conductivity of the alloy;
(4) The preparation method of the fine-grain alloy by combining a quenching method and a ball milling method can obviously improve the grain refining degree of the alloy, reduce the grain size of an alloy phase, enable submicron-sized fine-grain alloy powder grains to be rapidly and uniformly dissolved in aluminum liquid, avoid inclusion and large grain phase caused by adding intermediate alloy, obviously reduce inclusion and air content in the aluminum liquid, improve the quality of the aluminum liquid and be beneficial to improving the conductivity and mechanical property.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of microstructure of Fe phase change of die-casting aluminum alloy;
FIG. 2 is a microstructure schematic of an aluminum alloy in which Cu, mg and Si in a die-cast state are in a solid solution state;
FIG. 3 is a microstructure schematic of an aluminum alloy in which Cu, mg and Si are precipitated in an aged state;
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution more clear to the person skilled in the art, the following details of the technical solution of the present invention are described:
a die-casting aluminum alloy with high conductivity and high toughness consists of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: fe less than or equal to 0.3wt percent, si:0.1 to 0.4 weight percent, less than or equal to 1.5 weight percent of Ce, less than or equal to 0.5 weight percent of La and Ni: less than or equal to 4.0 weight percent, zr:0.05 to 0.3 weight percent, B:0.05 to 0.15 weight percent of Mg:0.05 to 0.4 weight percent of Cu less than or equal to 0.2 weight percent, mn+Cr+Ti+V less than or equal to 0.1 weight percent, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of the impurities is controlled below 0.1 weight percent.
The Zr, la and Ce are added in the form of a fine-grain alloy, the fine-grain alloy is prepared by treating Al-Zr, al-La and Al-Ce by a high-speed gas quenching method combined with a planetary high-energy mechanical ball milling method, and the high-speed gas quenching method combined with the planetary high-energy mechanical ball milling method comprises the following working steps:
adding Al-Zr, al-La and Al-Ce intermediate phase alloy respectively, and concretely, proportioning the mass distribution form according to the component requirements to obtain an intermediate alloy with preset components;
step two: heating the intermediate alloy with preset components to 950-1200 ℃ in a molten state by an induction heater;
step three: forming tiny liquid drops by impacting the molten liquid flow through high-speed inert gas flow, and collecting mixed fine-grain alloy powder after quenching;
step four: and placing the mixed fine-grain alloy powder in a planetary high-energy ball mill under the protection of inert gas atmosphere for intermittent ball milling, so as to promote the alloy to be further transformed, and finally obtaining the required fine-grain alloy.
Wherein the gas flow in the high-speed gas quenching method is helium, and the gas flow pressure is 3-8Mpa; the ball milling time is 20-60 h by the high-energy mechanical ball milling method, and the ratio of the running time to the stopping time is 5:1, the ball milling rotating speed is 300-500r/min.
A preparation method of die-casting aluminum alloy with high conductivity and high toughness comprises the following steps:
1) Preparing materials according to the proportion of alloy components, firstly, putting high-purity aluminum element into a heating furnace, heating to 690 ℃, and completely melting and preserving heat for 15min;
2) Heating to 760 ℃, and adding Si and Cu simple substance elements and Al-Fe alloy;
3) Cooling to 730 ℃, and adding the Al-B, al-Ni intermediate alloy and the Al-Zr-La-Ce fine crystal alloy;
4) Cooling to 720 ℃, and adding pure Mg metal material;
5) And after the raw materials are completely melted, refining and degassing the melt, and finally casting to obtain the aluminum alloy cast ingot.
According to the technical scheme, the aluminum alloy casting is subjected to high-pressure die casting, and the working steps of the high-pressure die casting are as follows:
1) Melting the aluminum alloy ingot again at 740 ℃ and preserving heat;
2) Protective gas is introduced to isolate with air during heat preservation, and then the air is injected into a die casting die;
3) Pre-filling the molten alloy obtained in the step 1) in a charging barrel through a punch of a die casting machine, controlling the temperature of the die through an oil temperature machine and a water temperature machine, and enabling cooling water to pass through a cooling pipeline under the water pressure of 0.6-1.0MPa during injection, wherein the high-pressure water of the pipeline rapidly cools the part of the die core; after the injection is finished, maintaining the pressure for 7-9 seconds, opening the die, ejecting the casting by an ejection system, and cooling and forming;
4) And demolding, and taking out the casting through a mechanical arm.
The baking method of the die-casting aluminum alloy with high conductivity and high toughness comprises the steps of heating a die-casting aluminum alloy casting to 220-240 ℃ at a heating rate of 150 ℃/h, and cooling air to room temperature after baking for 1-2h to obtain the die-casting aluminum alloy with high conductivity and high toughness, wherein the die-casting aluminum alloy has conductivity after baking: 30-32Ms/m, tensile strength is more than or equal to 140MPa, yield strength is more than or equal to 60MPa, and elongation is more than or equal to 12%.
The die-casting aluminum alloy of examples 1-6 is prepared according to the preparation method, the prepared aluminum alloy is subjected to performance test, a mechanical property analysis sample meets the ASTM E8 mechanical property requirement, and an electrical conductivity analysis sample meets GB/T12966-2008 to prepare and measure.
TABLE 1 list of contents of elements in the aluminum alloys of examples 1 to 6
Table 2 shows the performance of examples 1-6
The above technical solution only represents the preferred technical solution of the present invention, and some changes that may be made by those skilled in the art to some parts of the technical solution represent the principles of the present invention, and the technical solution falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The die-casting aluminum alloy with high conductivity and high toughness is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in percentage by weight: fe less than or equal to 0.3wt percent, si:0.1 to 0.4 weight percent, less than or equal to 1.5 weight percent of Ce, less than or equal to 0.5 weight percent of La and Ni: less than or equal to 4.0 weight percent, zr:0.05 to 0.3 weight percent, B:0.05 to 0.15 weight percent of Mg:0.05 to 0.4 weight percent of Cu less than or equal to 0.2 weight percent, mn+Cr+Ti+V less than or equal to 0.1 weight percent, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of the impurities is controlled below 0.1 weight percent.
2. A die cast aluminium alloy with high electrical conductivity and high toughness according to claim 1, characterized in that Zr and La, ce are added in the form of a grain refining alloy.
3. The die-casting aluminum alloy with high conductivity and high toughness according to claim 2, wherein the fine-grain alloy powder is prepared by treating Al-Zr, al-La and Al-Ce by a high-speed gas quenching method combined with a planetary high-energy mechanical ball milling method.
4. The die-cast aluminum alloy with high conductivity and high toughness according to claim 1, wherein the high-speed gas quenching method combined with the planetary high-energy mechanical ball milling method comprises the following working steps:
adding Al-Zr, al-La and Al-Ce intermediate phase alloy respectively, and concretely, proportioning the mass distribution form according to the component requirements to obtain an intermediate alloy with preset components;
step two: heating the intermediate alloy with preset components to 950-1200 ℃ in a molten state by an induction heater;
step three: forming tiny liquid drops by impacting the molten liquid flow through high-speed inert gas flow, and collecting mixed fine-grain alloy powder after quenching;
step four: and placing the mixed fine-grain alloy powder in a planetary high-energy ball mill under the protection of inert gas atmosphere for intermittent ball milling, so as to promote the alloy to be further transformed, and finally obtaining the required fine-grain alloy.
5. The die-casting aluminum alloy with high conductivity and high toughness according to claim 4, wherein said gas stream in the high-speed gas quenching process is helium gas at a gas stream pressure of 3-8Mpa; the ball milling time is 20-60 h by the high-energy mechanical ball milling method, and the ratio of the running time to the stopping time is 5:1, the ball milling rotating speed is 300-500r/min.
6. A method for producing a die-cast aluminum alloy having high electric conductivity and high toughness according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
1) Preparing materials according to the proportion of alloy components, firstly, putting high-purity aluminum element into a heating furnace, heating to 690 ℃, and completely melting and preserving heat for 15min;
2) Heating to 760 ℃, and adding Si and Cu simple substance elements and Al-Fe alloy;
3) Cooling to 730 ℃, and adding the Al-B, al-Ni intermediate alloy and the Al-Zr-La-Ce fine crystal alloy;
4) Cooling to 720 ℃, and adding pure Mg metal material;
5) And after the raw materials are completely melted, refining and degassing the melt, and finally casting to obtain the aluminum alloy cast ingot.
7. The method for producing a die-cast aluminum alloy having high electrical conductivity and high toughness according to claim 6, wherein said aluminum alloy casting is die-cast at high pressure.
8. The method for preparing a die-cast aluminum alloy with high conductivity and high toughness according to claim 7, wherein the high-pressure die-casting forming working steps are as follows:
1) Melting the aluminum alloy ingot again at 740 ℃ and preserving heat;
2) Protective gas is introduced to isolate with air during heat preservation, and then the air is injected into a die casting die;
3) Pre-filling the molten alloy obtained in the step 1) in a charging barrel through a punch of a die casting machine, controlling the temperature of the die through an oil temperature machine and a water temperature machine, and enabling cooling water to pass through a cooling pipeline under the water pressure of 0.6-1.0MPa during injection, wherein the high-pressure water of the pipeline rapidly cools the part of the die core; after the injection is finished, maintaining the pressure for 7-9 seconds, opening the die, ejecting the casting by an ejection system, and cooling and forming;
4) And demolding, and taking out the casting through a mechanical arm.
9. A method for baking a die-cast aluminum alloy with high conductivity and high toughness according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the die-cast aluminum alloy casting is heated to 220 to 240 ℃ at a heating rate of 150 ℃/h, and air is cooled to room temperature after baking for 1 to 2 hours, so as to obtain the die-cast aluminum alloy with high conductivity and high toughness.
10. The baking method of die-cast aluminum alloy with high conductivity and high toughness according to claim 9, wherein the die-cast aluminum alloy has conductivity after baking: 30-32Ms/m, tensile strength is more than or equal to 140MPa, yield strength is more than or equal to 60MPa, and elongation is more than or equal to 12%.
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| CN117535565B (en) * | 2024-01-09 | 2024-04-26 | 苏州慧金新材料科技有限公司 | High-conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy based on dispersion strengthening and preparation method and application thereof |
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