CN116254442A - High-yield-strength cast Al-Si alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-yield-strength cast Al-Si alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910021364 Al-Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 156
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 156
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 86
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910018125 Al-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910018520 Al—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 abstract description 30
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 58
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 28
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 21
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 15
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910019752 Mg2Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910018566 Al—Si—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101000993059 Homo sapiens Hereditary hemochromatosis protein Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IUVCFHHAEHNCFT-INIZCTEOSA-N 2-[(1s)-1-[4-amino-3-(3-fluoro-4-propan-2-yloxyphenyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-1-yl]ethyl]-6-fluoro-3-(3-fluorophenyl)chromen-4-one Chemical compound C1=C(F)C(OC(C)C)=CC=C1C(C1=C(N)N=CN=C11)=NN1[C@@H](C)C1=C(C=2C=C(F)C=CC=2)C(=O)C2=CC(F)=CC=C2O1 IUVCFHHAEHNCFT-INIZCTEOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018134 Al-Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021365 Al-Mg-Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018467 Al—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018571 Al—Zn—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017818 Cu—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZGUQGPFMMTZGBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Al].[Al].[Zr] Chemical group [Al].[Al].[Zr] ZGUQGPFMMTZGBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WMOHXRDWCVHXGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [La].[Ce] Chemical compound [La].[Ce] WMOHXRDWCVHXGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000905 alloy phase Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;titanium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Ti] UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQHSIRTYSFLSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynechromium Chemical group [Al].[Cr] QQHSIRTYSFLSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HIPVTVNIGFETDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum cerium Chemical compound [Al].[Ce] HIPVTVNIGFETDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPPDFTBPZNZZRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum copper Chemical group [Al].[Cu] WPPDFTBPZNZZRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZWOQODLNWUDJFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum lanthanum Chemical group [Al].[La] ZWOQODLNWUDJFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJMNNXLGOUYVHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum zinc Chemical group [Al].[Zn] FJMNNXLGOUYVHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 aluminum-manganese Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011856 silicon-based particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
- C22C21/04—Modified aluminium-silicon alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D1/00—Treatment of fused masses in the ladle or the supply runners before casting
- B22D1/002—Treatment with gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a cast Al-Si alloy with high yield strength and a preparation method thereof, wherein the cast Al-Si alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 9.0-12.5%, but not equal to 9.0%, mg:0.3-0.8%, cu:0.2-1.6%, zn:0.2-1.6%, mn:0-1.0%, fe is less than or equal to 0.5%, zr:0-0.25%, ti:0.05-0.25%, cr:0-0.25%, re:0-0.3%, sr:0.02-0.2%, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities, wherein the total content of impurities in the alloy is less than or equal to 1.0%, and the content of single impurities is less than or equal to 0.15%. The proportion of each alloy element in the invention ensures that the alloy has high strength and keeps higher plasticity; the invention improves the Si content and the Mg content of the alloy, and simultaneously, the alloy contains higher Cu and Zn, so that the solid solution strengthening effect of the alloy is enhanced in an as-cast state, the ageing strengthening effect of the alloy is enhanced in an ageing state, the plasticity of the alloy is improved, and the negative influence of the alloy on the elongation percentage of the alloy is reduced; meanwhile, other alloy elements are introduced, so that the solid solution strengthening effect in the alloy is further improved, and the strength and the plasticity of the alloy are effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of cast aluminum alloy, and particularly relates to a cast Al-Si alloy with high yield strength and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In an al—si-based casting alloy, si is a main element, and determines fluidity of the alloy. Mg is an important strengthening element, and is solid-dissolved in the matrix to perform a solid-solution strengthening function. As the Mg content increases, eutectic phase Mg will appear in the alloy 2 Si. After T6 treatment, a precipitation strengthening phase and an alloy are strengthened. However, as the Mg content further increases, the plasticity of the alloy decreases. Therefore, the Mg content is generally limited to a lower level. Copper is also an important strengthening element in aluminum alloys and mainly plays a role in aging strengthening. Zn is an important element in the ultra-high strength aluminum alloy, and forms ternary or quaternary aluminum zinc alloy with alloying elements such as Mg, cu, si and the like. Adding proper amount of magnesium to form Mg 2 The Zn strengthening phase can obviously improve the strength of the aluminum alloy. Therefore, it is also the main alloying element of Al-Zn-Mg, al-Zn-Si, al-Zn-Cu-Mg and other alloys.
Al-Si based cast alloys are very mature alloy systems that form a number of commercial alloy systems. There are both heat-treated strengthened alloys and non-heat-treated strengthened alloys. The heat-treated reinforced alloy is subjected to solution aging treatment, and precipitation strengthening is performed on the alloy, so that the alloy is reinforced, and higher tensile strength and yield strength can be obtained. However, the heat treatment process inevitably deforms the castings, and influences the use of the castings. Non-heat-treated strengthened alloys, although free of casting distortion problems, have difficulty in improving alloy strength, particularly low yield strength. And the elongation of the alloy is greatly reduced by the reticular eutectic silicon structure, and high-quality castings with high strength and high elongation are difficult to obtain.
The patent application with the application number of CN202210897362X discloses a multipurpose Al-Si casting alloy which has good strength and plasticity, but the F-state yield strength is less than 150MPa, so that the requirement of high yield strength is difficult to meet. It is of great importance to develop cast alloys with higher yield strength.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cast Al-Si alloy with high yield strength and a preparation method thereof, so that the cast Al-Si alloy has higher strength, particularly higher yield strength and higher plasticity.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: a high yield strength cast Al-Si alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 9.0-12.5%, but not equal to 9.0%, mg:0.3-0.8%, cu:0.2-1.6%, zn:0.2-1.6%, mn:0-1.0%, fe is less than or equal to 0.5%, zr:0-0.25%, ti:0.05-0.25%, cr:0-0.25%, re:0-0.3%, sr:0.02-0.2%, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities, wherein the total content of impurities in the alloy is less than or equal to 1.0%, and the content of single impurities is less than or equal to 0.15%.
Further, the cast Al-Si alloy has the room temperature tensile strength of 289-336MPa, the yield strength of 132-187MPa and the elongation of 7.3-10.8% in the F state (as cast state); the cast Al-Si alloy is a T6-state, T5-state or T4-state Al-Si alloy, wherein when the cast Al-Si alloy is in the T6-state, the room temperature tensile strength is 335-385MPa, the yield strength is 243-278MPa, and the elongation is 5.1-8.9%.
Further, the cast Al-Si alloy is Al-Si gravity casting (including low-pressure casting) aluminum alloy, and the Al-Si gravity casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 9.0-12.5%, but not equal to 9.0%, mg:0.3-0.8%, cu:0.2-1.6%, zn:0.2-1.6%, mn:0-0.3%, fe is less than or equal to 0.3%, zr:0-0.25%, ti:0.05-0.25%, cr:0-0.25%, re:0-0.3%, sr:0.02-0.2%, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities, wherein the total content of impurities in the alloy is less than or equal to 1.0%, and the content of single impurities is less than or equal to 0.15%.
Further, the Al-Si gravity casting aluminum alloy has F-state tensile strength of 281-331MPa, yield strength of 124-180MPa, elongation of 6.1-9.6%, T6-state tensile strength of 324-371MPa, yield strength of 231-266MPa and elongation of 4.1-7.8%.
The preparation method of the high yield strength cast Al-Si alloy comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparing materials, namely preparing raw materials of each component according to the content of each component of the alloy;
step 2: feeding Al raw materials into a preheated smelting furnace for heating and melting;
step 3: alloying, adding other alloying raw materials except Mg and Sr into a furnace after the Al raw materials are completely melted, adding raw materials Mg after the alloying raw materials are melted, and stirring uniformly after the Mg is melted to obtain an aluminum alloy melt; determining the components of the aluminum alloy melt to ensure that the alloy components meet the requirements; in the whole smelting process, controlling the temperature of the alloy melt to 680-750 ℃;
step 4: after smelting, adding a refining agent into the aluminum alloy melt for refining, then taking aluminum slag out of the furnace, and then adding an Sr modifier for modification to obtain modified alloy melt;
step 5: transferring and degassing, namely transferring the molten aluminum into a transfer ladle, spraying argon into the molten aluminum by using a degassing rotor to perform degassing, then skimming slag, adding a grain refiner, and pouring the molten aluminum into a side furnace of a die casting machine or a gravity casting machine;
step 6: and (3) casting, namely casting by using a die casting machine or a gravity casting machine, and obtaining an aluminum-silicon cast alloy casting after casting, namely casting the Al-Si alloy.
Further, the preparation method further comprises the following steps:
step 7: solid solution aging treatment
(1) When the T6-state casting Al-Si alloy is required to be prepared, carrying out solid solution-aging treatment on the aluminum-silicon casting alloy casting;
(2) When the T4-state casting Al-Si alloy is required to be prepared, carrying out solution treatment on an aluminum-silicon casting alloy casting, and then carrying out aging treatment at room temperature;
(3) When the T5-state casting Al-Si alloy is required to be prepared, the aluminum-silicon casting alloy casting is directly subjected to aging treatment.
Further, in the step 7, the solution treatment process adopted by the treatment of T4 and T6 is as follows: preserving heat for 2-12h at 500-550 ℃; the aging treatment process of T4 is that the T4 is placed for more than 7 days at room temperature; the aging treatment process of T5 and T6 comprises the following steps: preserving heat for 2-12h at 130-180 ℃.
Further, in the step 1, the raw material Al is one or more of electrolytic aluminum ingot, remelted aluminum ingot or cast aluminum alloy ingot, or a mixture of returned material or recycled waste material and Al ingot in a factory; the raw material Si is metal silicon and/or aluminum silicon intermediate alloy; the raw material Cu is aluminum copper intermediate alloy and/or copper additive; raw material Mg is industrial pure magnesium ingot; the Mn raw material is aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy and/or manganese additive; the raw material Zr is aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy and/or zirconium additive; the raw material Ti is aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy and/or titanium additive; the raw material Cr is an aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy and/or a chromium additive; raw material Zn is industrial pure zinc ingot; re is La or/and Ce, and the raw material Re is aluminum lanthanum intermediate alloy or aluminum cerium intermediate alloy or aluminum- (lanthanum cerium mixed rare earth) intermediate alloy.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The alloy of the present invention can be used in either the as-cast or T4, T5 or T6 state.
(2) The invention has higher iron content, can use more waste materials and realizes environmental protection and low carbon.
(3) The proportion of each alloy element in the invention ensures that the alloy has high strength and keeps higher plasticity; the invention improves the Si content and the Mg content of the alloy, and simultaneously, the alloy contains higher Cu and Zn, so that the solid solution strengthening effect of the alloy is enhanced in an as-cast state, the ageing strengthening effect of the alloy is enhanced in an ageing state, the plasticity of the alloy is improved, and the negative influence of the alloy on the elongation percentage of the alloy is reduced; meanwhile, other alloy elements are introduced, so that the solid solution strengthening effect in the alloy is further improved, and the strength and the plasticity of the alloy are effectively improved.
Detailed Description
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, in the examples, specific conditions are not noted, and the description is performed according to conventional conditions or conditions suggested by the manufacturer; the reagents or apparatus used were conventional products commercially available without the manufacturer's attention. In addition, the technical features of the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
In order to make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below; the embodiment of the invention provides an aluminum-silicon cast alloy, and the high-strength high-plasticity aluminum-silicon cast alloy and a preparation method thereof are described in detail by the following specific examples.
The aluminum ingot for remelting selected in the embodiment of the invention is Al99.70 in national standard GB/T1196-2008 'aluminum ingot for remelting', and the aluminum content is not less than 99.70wt%; or remelting aluminum ingots by waste materials; when Mn element is added, al-10Mn intermediate alloy or 75Mn agent (aluminum alloy additive with Mn mass percent of 75%) is selected; when Si element is added, al-30Si intermediate alloy is selected; when Mg element is added, metal magnesium is selected; when Cu element is added, al-50Cu intermediate alloy is selected; when Ti element is added, al-10Ti intermediate alloy or 75Ti agent (aluminum alloy additive with 75% Ti content) is selected; when Zr element is added, al-10Zr intermediate alloy is selected; when Cr element is added, al-10Cr intermediate alloy is selected. The prealloyed cast aluminum alloy ingot commonly used in the casting industry can also be used, such as the aluminum ingot in the national standard GB/T8733-2016 casting aluminum alloy ingot, and alloy components can be adjusted on the basis of the prealloyed cast aluminum alloy ingot so as to achieve the component target. All raw materials such as Al-10Sr alterative are commercially available.
The invention provides a high yield strength cast Al-Si alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 9.0-12.5%, but not equal to 9.0%, mg:0.3-0.8%, cu:0.2-1.6%, zn:0.2-1.6%, mn:0-1.0%, fe is less than or equal to 0.5%, zr:0-0.25%, ti:0.05-0.25%, cr:0-0.25%, re:0-0.3%, sr:0.02-0.2%, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities, wherein the total content of impurities in the alloy is less than or equal to 1.0%, and the content of single impurities is less than or equal to 0.15%.
The preparation method of the high yield strength cast Al-Si alloy comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparing materials, namely preparing raw materials of each component according to the content of each component of the alloy;
step 2: feeding Al raw materials into a preheated smelting furnace for heating and melting;
step 3: alloying, adding other alloying raw materials except Mg and Sr into a furnace after the Al raw materials are completely melted, adding raw materials Mg after the alloying raw materials are melted, and stirring uniformly after the Mg is melted to obtain an aluminum alloy melt; determining the components of the aluminum alloy melt to ensure that the alloy components meet the requirements; in the whole smelting process, controlling the temperature of the alloy melt to 680-750 ℃;
step 4: after smelting, adding a refining agent into the aluminum alloy melt for refining, then taking aluminum slag out of the furnace, and then adding an Sr modifier for modification to obtain modified alloy melt; the refining agent is a refining agent capable of having a refining effect on the alloy melt, such as RJ-1 refining agent; the adding mass of the refining agent is 0.2-0.8% of the total mass of the alloy melt, the refining temperature is 680-750 ℃, and the refining time is 20-60 minutes; the Sr modifier is specifically selected from Al-10Sr alloy modifier, the addition of the modifier is measured by the residual amount of Sr in the modified alloy melt, and the mass percent of the residual amount of Sr is ensured to be 0.02% -0.2%;
step 5: transferring and degassing, namely transferring the molten aluminum into a transfer ladle, spraying argon into the molten aluminum by using a degassing rotor to perform degassing, then skimming slag, adding a grain refiner, and pouring the molten aluminum into a side furnace of a die casting machine or a gravity casting machine; the degassing is to introduce argon into the modified alloy melt by a degassing machine, wherein the flow rate of the argon is 0.2-0.3M 3 /h; the grain refiner is commercial AlTiB or AlTiC alloy, and the addition amount is 0.05-0.25% of the total mass of the alloy melt;
step 6: and (3) casting, namely casting by using a die casting machine or a gravity casting machine, and obtaining an aluminum-silicon cast alloy casting after casting, namely casting the Al-Si alloy.
When preparing the T4, T5 and T6 state casting Al-Si alloy, the method further comprises the following steps:
step 7: solid solution aging treatment
(1) When the T6-state casting Al-Si alloy is required to be prepared, carrying out solid solution-aging treatment on the aluminum-silicon casting alloy casting;
(2) When the T4-state casting Al-Si alloy is required to be prepared, carrying out solution treatment on an aluminum-silicon casting alloy casting, and then carrying out aging treatment at room temperature;
(3) When the T5-state casting Al-Si alloy is required to be prepared, directly carrying out aging treatment on the aluminum-silicon casting alloy casting;
the solution treatment process adopted by the T4 and T6 treatments is as follows: preserving heat for 2-12h at 500-550 ℃; the aging treatment process of T4 is that the T4 is placed for more than 7 days at room temperature; the aging treatment process of T5 and T6 comprises the following steps: preserving heat for 2-12h at 130-180 ℃.
Wherein, when the Sr modifier in the step 4 is not added in the step 4, the Sr modifier can be added into the aluminum melt together with Mg or into the aluminum melt together with other raw materials except Mg in the step 3.
In the step 6, a die casting process, preferably high-pressure die casting, is adopted for casting; and casting parts requiring T4 and T6 treatment are subjected to vacuum high-pressure die casting.
In the step 6, gravity casting or low pressure casting technology is adopted, the casting mold adopts a metal mold, the cooling speed of the metal liquid is improved, the metal liquid is subjected to sub-rapid cooling according to different casting sizes, and the cooling speed is 10 0 -10 2 Solidifying the metal liquid in a sub-rapid cooling state at a temperature/s.
Example A1
The chemical compositions of the high yield strength cast Al-Si alloy are shown in table 1, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparing materials, namely preparing raw materials of each component according to the content of each component of the alloy;
step 2: feeding Al raw materials into a preheated smelting furnace for heating and melting;
step 3: alloying, namely adding other alloying raw materials except Mg and Sr into a furnace after the aluminum raw materials are completely melted, adding raw materials Mg after the alloying raw materials are melted, and stirring uniformly after the Mg is melted to obtain an aluminum alloy melt; and (5) determining the components of the aluminum alloy melt to ensure that the alloy components meet the requirements. In the whole smelting process, controlling the temperature of the alloy melt to be 710 ℃;
step 4: after smelting, adding RJ-1 refining agent into the aluminum alloy melt for refining, wherein the addition amount is 0.4% of the total mass of the alloy melt, then taking out aluminum slag from the furnace, and then adding Al-10Sr modifier for modification to obtain modified alloy melt;
step 5: transferring and degassing, namely transferring the aluminum water into a transfer ladle, spraying argon into the aluminum water by using a degassing rotor to perform degassing, then slagging off, and adding an Al-5Ti-1B grain refiner, wherein the addition amount is 0.1% of the total mass of the alloy melt; pouring molten aluminum into a side furnace of a die casting machine.
Step 6: and (3) casting, namely casting the aluminum into a casting by using a die casting machine to obtain the cast Al-Si alloy.
Step 7: the prepared Al-Si alloy product is subjected to room temperature tensile property test, and the room temperature tensile property is shown in Table 1.
Examples A2 to A9 and examples a12 and a13 are the same as example 1, except that: the alloy compositions are different, and the room temperature tensile properties of the prepared castings are shown in Table 1.
Examples a10 and a11 and examples a14 to a19 are the same as example 1 except that: the alloy components are different, the casting process adopts vacuum high-pressure die casting, and solid solution aging heat treatment is required to be carried out on the casting. The alloy compositions and the solution aging treatment process of the prepared castings and the room temperature tensile properties are shown in Table 2.
Examples B1 to B19 are the same as examples A1 to A19 except that:
(1) Alloy composition aspects: examples A1-A19 are die casting alloys with high Fe and Mn contents. Examples B1-B19 are gravity cast or low pressure cast alloys, without sticking problems, and without increasing Fe and Mn content to solve the sticking problems. So in these examples Fe and Mn are impurity elements, the lower the better. However, in order to maximize the use of the aluminum alloy scrap having a high Fe content, the content limit of Fe and Mn is intentionally increased.
(2) The casting technology aspect: examples B1 to B19 were obtained by casting an aluminum-silicon cast alloy using a gravity casting machine or a low pressure casting machine, in which the mold was a metal mold;
(3) The alloy compositions and solution treatment process of the prepared castings and room temperature tensile properties are shown in tables 3 and 4.
The element Si is the main constituent element of Al-Si alloys. Si is precipitated in the form of eutectic Si during solidification to form a network structure. The higher the Si content, the coarser the eutectic Si phase, and the tighter the network structure. For alloys used in the die-cast state (F state), the eutectic structure of this network structure cannot be broken by heat treatment, and silicon particles cannot be spheroidized, and it is generally considered that the eutectic Si structure of this network structure seriously impairs the mechanical properties of the alloy. However, in order to improve fluidity, the die casting alloy needs to be designed with a high Si content. With the development of high pressure die casting, the requirement for fluidity of the alloy is reduced, so that the content of Si in the aluminum alloy subjected to high pressure die casting tends to be reduced, for example, the content of Si in the invention with the application number of CN202210897362X is only 6-9%, and the elongation of up to 14.3% is obtained, but the strength is slightly low, and the yield strength is not more than 150MPa. The application, despite the use of high pressure die casting, also uses a high silicon content, achieving the unexpected effect: greatly improves the strength, especially the yield strength, and maintains the elongation of 8.9% at most 191MPa in the die-casting state (F state). Obviously has wider application prospect.
The invention uses high-pressure die casting, which is not only a production process, but also a means for improving mechanical properties. High pressure die casting has high injection speed and injection specific pressure, and die castings tend to be thin-walled pieces. During die casting, molten aluminum is quickly pressed into a die cavity and is quickly solidified under high pressure, and die casting grains are very fine under the multiple actions of Sr modification, grain refiner and rare earth elements. This makes the eutectic Si phases formed at the grain boundaries and their network structure very fine, so that their damage to mechanical properties is greatly reduced. In this case, the increase in solid solution strengthening effect due to the increase in Si content becomes dominant, and thus the alloy strength is improved, and a high elongation is maintained.
Mg is an important strengthening element in aluminum alloys, and can play a role in both solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. In non-heat-treated strengthened alloys, such as 5000 series aluminum alloys, i.e., al-Mg series alloys, that is, mg as the primary solid solution strengthening element, the Mg content can be up to 6.0% (in 5059 alloys); in heat-treated strengthened alloys, e.g. 6000-series alloys, i.e. Al-Mg-Si alloys, i.e. Mg as the primary age strengthening element, mg is formed 2 Si strengthening is relative to alloy strengthening. Although Mg has a solid solution limit in Al of up to 17.4%, the eutectic composition of Al-Mg alloy is 34% Mg, M easily occurs in Al-Si-Mg alloyg 2 Si eutectic phase. According to the Al-Si-Mg alloy phase diagram, in high-Si low-Mg alloy (such as cast Al-Si alloy), during solidification, an Al matrix is first precipitated, and when the liquid component of the front edge of the interface reaches an Al+Si eutectic line, an L-Al+Si eutectic reaction occurs. The liquid composition of the interface front then changes along the eutectic line. When the liquid component of the front of the interface reaches the ternary eutectic point, L-Al+Si+Mg occurs 2 And (3) Si ternary eutectic reaction. Mg of 2 The Si phase is in the shape of Chinese characters and has damage to the alloy mechanical property. Because of the greater tendency of Mg segregation, mg will appear even if the Mg content is low 2 Si eutectic phase. The higher the Mg content, the Mg in the as-cast structure 2 The more and coarser the Si eutectic phase, the greater the damage to mechanical properties. For the alloy used in the as-cast state, the heat treatment is not carried out, so that the Mg in Chinese character shape 2 The Si eutectic phase cannot be eliminated. Therefore, it is necessary to limit the Mg content to a very low level and even completely remove the Mg element to prevent the formation of coarse Mg during casting 2 And Si phase. At present, for alloys used in the as-cast state, mg content is often severely limited. The Mg content is generally controlled to 0.2 or less. The element Mg has a strong solid solution strengthening effect. If it can inhibit Mg 2 The adverse effect of the Si phase can then increase the strength of the alloy by increasing the Mg content.
Cu is another important alloying element. However, the Cu content is generally 3.5% or more in the cast Al-Si alloy, and the Cu-rich phase is used for ageing strengthening. At present, a solid solution strengthening alloy mainly containing Cu is not available. Cu and Mg are combined to form Al 2 The CuMg phase, combined with Mg and Si, can form a Q-AlCuMgSi phase. Research shows that the formation of Q-AlCuMgSi phase can inhibit Mg 2 The formation of Si phase and Q-AlCuMgSi are spherical, so that the damage to mechanical property is greatly reduced. This result lays the foundation for the development of high Jiang Fei heat treated Al-Si alloys.
Zn is another important alloying element. Zn has high solid solubility in aluminum, and Mg can be promoted by adding Zn 2 Si phase changes towards Q-AlCuMgSi phase.
The invention combines Si, mg, cu and Zn for useUnexpected results were obtained. After Cu and Zn are added simultaneously, on one hand, the formation of coarse Mg2Si phase is inhibited, thereby avoiding Mg 2 Damage to the relative mechanical properties of Si. This can properly relax the limitation on the Mg content, and thus the strength of the alloy can be further improved. On the other hand, small amounts of Cu and Zn have solid solution strengthening effect. Therefore, the alloy of the present invention has high strength.
The respective contents of Si, mg, cu and Zn determine the kind, morphology, size and number of phases in the solidification structure. In order to minimize the formation of Mg2Si phases, a proper ratio must be maintained between them. In particular, the ratio between Cu and Mg determines whether a Mg2Si phase or a Q-AlCuMgSi phase is formed. In the high Si content alloy, it is appropriate to design the relationship of Cu and Mg to cu=2.5 Mg to 0.2 for the alloy used in the die-cast state (F state), allowing a deviation of up to and down to 0.1.
For Al-Si-Mg cast alloy used in T6 state, mg is precipitated when aging is required 2 Si strengthening is relatively alloy strengthening, on the other hand, coarse Mg formed during solidification 2 The Si phase can be eliminated by solution treatment, so that a relatively certain Mg2Si phase is allowed to exist in the solidification structure. Therefore, the amounts of Cu and Zn are reduced accordingly. For alloys used in the T4, T5 and T6 states, mg is required 2 In the case of Si phase as the strengthening phase, it is preferable to design the relationship between Cu and Mg to be cu=2.5 (Mg-0.2) -0.3, and a deviation of 0.1 is allowed.
The rare earth element is added into the invention to obtain good effect, so that the mechanical property of the alloy is improved. A large number of comparison experiments show that Ce, la and mixed rare earth thereof have the best effect, refine grains and reduce gas and impurities. Casting experiments show that the addition of rare earth can increase the fluidity of aluminum liquid, the technological performance is obviously improved, and the aging precipitation is promoted by rare earth elements. More importantly, the Q-AlCuMgSi phase is thinned, so that the damage to the mechanical property is further reduced, and the mechanical property is improved. Example A3 shows that the mechanical properties of the alloy are improved by adding rare earth.
The elements Fe and Mn can effectively prevent the casting from sticking to the die, which is to be die-castProduction is important, so Fe and Mn are essential elements of die casting alloy. However, fe, mn and Si form Al 15 (FeMn) 3 Si 2 The phase is in a thick needle shape, a thick strip shape or a thick Chinese character shape, and the mechanical property of the alloy is seriously damaged. Ratio of Fe to Mn to Al 15 (FeMn) 3 Si 2 The morphology of the phases has a significant impact. When the ratio of Fe and Mn is close, al 15 (FeMn) 3 Si 2 The appearance of the phase is fishbone-shaped, and the damage to mechanical properties can be reduced.
There is no sticking problem in ordinary casting alloys, so the contents of Fe and Mn should be strictly limited in these alloys. On the other hand, however, fe and Mn are common elements in aluminum alloy scraps and have a relatively high content. In order to effectively utilize the waste material and reduce the production cost, the waste material is used as much as possible, which must relax the limitation of the contents of Fe and Mn, and balance the mechanical properties and the use of the waste material.
Sr is an alterant of hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy, and can be used for modifying eutectic Si phase and obviously refining eutectic Si. The Sr content is generally controlled to be 0.02-0.04%. High Sr content can effectively refine Al 15 (FeMn) 3 Si 2 And (3) phase (C). In particular when the ratio of Fe and Mn is close, al 15 (FeMn) 3 Si 2 The phase is in the shape of fishbone, and under the deterioration of Sr, the fishbone breaks to form fine blocks, thereby further reducing Al 15 (FeMn) 3 Si 2 Damage to the relative mechanical properties.
The chemical compositions of example A3 and example A4 are substantially the same, except that example A3 contains 0.16% rare earth element, and it is found that example A3 has better mechanical properties. The same applies to examples B3 and B4. The rare earth elements play a role in improving mechanical properties.
The Fe content in examples A6, A9, A12-A19 and examples B5-B9, B12-B9 is very high, but the Fe-rich phase is modified and refined by adding higher Sr, and the alloy still maintains higher strength and elongation.
Examples A12 and A13 are alloys used in the F state, the alloy compositions of both being divided byThe Cu content is identical except for the Cu content, the Cu content of the embodiment A12 is determined according to the Cu content rule of the F state, the Cu content of the embodiment A13 is determined according to the Cu content rule of the T6 state, the reduction is 0.5 percent, and a large amount of Mg is generated in the solidification structure of the alloy 2 Si eutectic phase, which impairs mechanical properties. The mechanical properties of example A13 are therefore reduced compared with example A12. The same applies to examples B12 and B13.
Examples A16 and A17 are alloys used in the T6 state, the alloy compositions of which are identical except for the Cu content, the Cu content of example A16 is determined according to the Cu content rule in the T6 state, the Cu content of example A17 is determined according to the Cu content rule in the F state, an increase of 0.5% results in Mg in the solidification structure of the alloy 2 The eutectic phase of Si is greatly reduced, thereby causing the precipitation of Mg in the alloy during aging treatment 2 The Si strengthening phase is greatly reduced, so that the aging strengthening effect of the alloy is greatly weaker. The mechanical properties of example A17 are therefore reduced compared with example A16. The same applies to examples B16 and B17.
From the comparison of examples A12 and A13 and B12 and B13 and A16 and A17 and B16 and B17, it can be seen that the ratio between Cu and Mg is very important. Only a proper proportion between the two can obtain good mechanical properties,
TABLE 1 chemical composition (wt%) and Properties of die casting alloy
Table 2 chemical composition (wt%) and Properties (Table II) of die casting alloy
TABLE 3 chemical composition (wt%) and Properties of gravity cast alloys
TABLE 4 chemical composition (wt%) and Properties of gravity cast alloys (Table II)
The technical scheme of the invention is explained in the technical scheme, the protection scope of the invention cannot be limited by the technical scheme, and any changes and modifications to the technical scheme according to the technical substance of the invention belong to the protection scope of the technical scheme of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A high yield strength cast Al-Si alloy characterized by: comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 9.0-12.5%, but not equal to 9.0%, mg:0.3-0.8%, cu:0.2-1.6%, zn:0.2-1.6%, mn:0-1.0%, fe is less than or equal to 0.5%, zr:0-0.25%, ti:0.05-0.25%, cr:0-0.25%, re:0-0.3%, sr:0.02-0.2%, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities, wherein the total content of impurities in the alloy is less than or equal to 1.0%, and the content of single impurities is less than or equal to 0.15%.
2. A high yield strength cast Al-Si alloy according to claim 1 wherein: the cast Al-Si alloy has room temperature tensile strength of 289-336MPa, yield strength of 132-187MPa and elongation of 7.3-10.8% in F state; the cast Al-Si alloy is a T6-state, T5-state or T4-state Al-Si alloy, wherein when the cast Al-Si alloy is in the T6-state, the room temperature tensile strength is 335-385MPa, the yield strength is 243-278MPa, and the elongation is 5.1-8.9%.
3. A high yield strength cast Al-Si alloy according to claim 1 wherein: the cast Al-Si alloy is an Al-Si gravity casting aluminum alloy, and the Al-Si gravity casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 9.0-12.5%, but not equal to 9.0%, mg:0.3-0.8%, cu:0.2-1.6%, zn:0.2-1.6%, mn:0-0.3%, fe is less than or equal to 0.3%, zr:0-0.25%, ti:0.05-0.25%, cr:0-0.25%, re:0-0.3%, sr:0.02-0.2%, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities, wherein the total content of impurities in the alloy is less than or equal to 1.0%, and the content of single impurities is less than or equal to 0.15%.
4. A high yield strength cast Al-Si alloy according to claim 3 wherein: the Al-Si gravity casting aluminum alloy has F-state tensile strength of 281-331MPa, yield strength of 124-180MPa, elongation of 6.1-9.6%, T6-state tensile strength of 324-371MPa, yield strength of 231-266MPa and elongation of 4.1-7.8%.
5. A method of producing a high yield strength cast Al-Si alloy according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein:
the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparing materials, namely preparing raw materials of each component according to the content of each component of the alloy;
step 2: feeding Al raw materials into a preheated smelting furnace for heating and melting;
step 3: alloying, adding other alloying raw materials except Mg and Sr into a furnace after the Al raw materials are completely melted, adding raw materials Mg after the alloying raw materials are melted, and stirring uniformly after the Mg is melted to obtain an aluminum alloy melt; determining the components of the aluminum alloy melt to ensure that the alloy components meet the requirements; in the whole smelting process, controlling the temperature of the alloy melt to 680-750 ℃;
step 4: after smelting, adding a refining agent into the aluminum alloy melt for refining, then taking aluminum slag out of the furnace, and then adding an Sr modifier for modification to obtain modified alloy melt;
step 5: transferring and degassing, namely transferring the molten aluminum into a transfer ladle, spraying argon into the molten aluminum by using a degassing rotor to perform degassing, then skimming slag, adding a grain refiner, and pouring the molten aluminum into a side furnace of a die casting machine or a gravity casting machine;
step 6: and (3) casting, namely casting by using a die casting machine or a gravity casting machine, and obtaining an aluminum-silicon cast alloy casting after casting, namely casting the Al-Si alloy.
6. The method for producing a high yield strength cast Al-Si alloy according to claim 5, wherein: the preparation method further comprises the following steps:
step 7: solid solution aging treatment
(1) When the T6-state casting Al-Si alloy is required to be prepared, carrying out solid solution-aging treatment on the aluminum-silicon casting alloy casting;
(2) When the T4-state casting Al-Si alloy is required to be prepared, carrying out solution treatment on an aluminum-silicon casting alloy casting, and then carrying out aging treatment at room temperature;
(3) When the T5-state casting Al-Si alloy is required to be prepared, the aluminum-silicon casting alloy casting is directly subjected to aging treatment.
7. The method for producing a high yield strength cast Al-Si alloy according to claim 6, wherein: the solution treatment process adopted by the T4 and T6 treatments is as follows: preserving heat for 2-12h at 500-550 ℃; the aging treatment process of T4 is that the T4 is placed for more than 7 days at room temperature; the aging treatment process of T5 and T6 comprises the following steps: preserving heat for 2-12h at 130-180 ℃.
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