CN117512411A - High-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy with chromium element, and preparation method and product thereof - Google Patents
High-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy with chromium element, and preparation method and product thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 170
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 121
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 81
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 80
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 53
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910018131 Al-Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910018461 Al—Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910018575 Al—Ti Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- QQHSIRTYSFLSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynechromium Chemical compound [Al].[Cr] QQHSIRTYSFLSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 23
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 23
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000789 Aluminium-silicon alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910018580 Al—Zr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018594 Si-Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008465 Si—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy with chromium element, a preparation method and a product thereof, belonging to the technical field of aluminum alloy, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 7.0 to 10.0wt.% silicon, 0.05 to 0.4wt.% magnesium, 0.3 to 0.7wt.% manganese, 0.01 to 0.2wt.% titanium, 0.015 to 0.03wt.% strontium, 0.01 to 0.08wt.% vanadium, not more than 0.07wt.% chromium, and the balance aluminum and unavoidable impurity elements. Methods of making the aluminum alloys and articles are also disclosed. The invention provides a high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy with chromium element, a preparation method and a product thereof, which not only have the characteristics of high strength and high toughness mechanical properties in an as-cast state, but also have better fluidity and better solidification interval in the die-casting process, so that a die cavity is smoothly filled under the pushing of pressure, the forming time of molten aluminum in the die can be shortened, the preparation quality of an aluminum alloy die-casting part can be ensured, and the service life of the die can be ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy, and particularly relates to a high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy with chromium element, a preparation method thereof and a product thereof.
Background
The aluminum and aluminum alloy has the characteristics of small density, high specific strength, good plasticity, excellent mechanical property, low thermal expansion coefficient, excellent corrosion resistance, excellent electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, easy processing, recoverability and the like, is widely applied to the fields of aviation, aerospace, automobiles, mechanical manufacturing, ships, chemical industry, packaging and the like, becomes a nonferrous metal material with the most wide application in the modern industry (especially the automobile industry), and is also a green environment-friendly and sustainable nonferrous metal material. With the development of the automobile manufacturing industry, higher requirements are put forward on the performance of aluminum alloy materials, and the development of novel aluminum alloy with high strength, high plasticity, high toughness and good processing and manufacturing performances has important research significance.
In the prior art, the aluminum alloy has been increasingly used in automobile parts by virtue of its light weight. And has the integrated die casting concept of combining numerous parts into one large part. The integrated die casting can combine more than 70 parts into 1-2 large parts, so that the stamping process is reduced, and the manufacturing cost is reduced. However, large castings have problems of difficult heat treatment, such as low efficiency, high energy consumption, easy deformation, etc., so that the integrated die casting needs to be provided with a high-strength heat treatment-free material in an as-cast state to save a heat treatment process.
The current heat treatment-free material is mainly aluminum C611, the element of C611 is simple, the stability is good, but the problem of lower strength exists, and further, the aluminum alloy product prepared by the material cannot adapt to parts with higher requirements on the strength of the parts. Meanwhile, because the silicon content of the aluminum C611 is low, the aluminum C611 is far away from the eutectic point and the solidification interval is wider, so that the fluidity of the molten aluminum is not high. In the actual die casting process, in order to ensure the quality of the finished product of the die casting, the temperature of the molten aluminum needs to be increased to increase the solidification time of the molten aluminum in the die cavity, and the high-temperature molten aluminum stays in the die cavity for a long time, so that the service life of the die casting die is influenced.
The C611 aluminum alloy in the American aluminum industry has the important characteristic that the alloy has no special strengthening element. In the aspect of high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy with special reinforcing elements of materials, 2-3 elements are commonly selected for each research unit and enterprise to perform the compounding action. The special strengthening element of the Castasil37 aluminum alloy in the Rhine aluminum industry in Germany is Mo and Zr; JDA1b aluminum alloy of Peng Liming team of Shanghai university is V and RE (rare earth); THAS-2 aluminum alloy from the university of bloom, xiong Shou mei team was V, zr (both greater than 0.1 wt.%).
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at one or more of the defects or improvement demands of the prior art, the invention provides a high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy with chromium element, a preparation method thereof and a product thereof, and the high-strength and high-toughness mechanical property characteristics are obtained in an as-cast state through the strengthening effect of trace V, cr (the content is less than 0.1 wt.%). The die casting device has good fluidity and a good solidification zone in the die casting process, so that a die cavity is smoothly filled under pressure pushing, the forming time of molten aluminum in the die can be shortened, the preparation quality of aluminum alloy die castings can be guaranteed, and the service life of the die can be guaranteed.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy with chromium element, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 7.0 to 10.0wt.% silicon, 0.05 to 0.4wt.% magnesium, 0.3 to 0.7wt.% manganese, 0.01 to 0.2wt.% titanium, 0.015 to 0.03wt.% strontium, 0.01 to 0.08wt.% vanadium, not more than 0.07wt.% chromium, and the balance aluminum and unavoidable impurity elements.
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the unavoidable impurity elements include copper, iron, zinc, zirconium, the content of the iron being not more than 0.2wt.%, the remaining elements being individually not more than 0.05wt.%, and the sum being not more than 0.3wt.%.
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 7.0 to 10.0wt.% silicon, 0.05 to 0.4wt.% magnesium, 0.3 to 0.7wt.% manganese, 0.01 to 0.2wt.% titanium, 0.015 to 0.03wt.% strontium, 0.01 to 0.08wt.% vanadium, 0.07wt.% chromium, the remainder being aluminum and unavoidable impurity elements.
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 7.6 to 9.5wt.% silicon, 0.05 to 0.4wt.% magnesium, 0.3 to 0.7wt.% manganese, 0.01 to 0.2wt.% titanium, 0.015 to 0.03wt.% strontium, 0.01 to 0.08wt.% vanadium, 0.02wt.% chromium, other aluminum and unavoidable impurity elements.
In addition, the invention also provides a preparation method of the high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy with chromium element, which is used for preparing the high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy with chromium element and comprises the following steps: s1, weighing an aluminum raw material, a silicon raw material, a magnesium raw material, an Al-Mn intermediate alloy, an Al-Ti intermediate alloy, an Al-V intermediate alloy, an Al-Cr intermediate alloy and an Al-Sr intermediate alloy according to the weight ratio;
s2, adding the weighed metal raw materials into a smelting furnace for smelting in batches to obtain molten aluminum liquid;
s3, after all the metal in the molten aluminum liquid is melted, standing the molten aluminum liquid, and analyzing whether the chemical components of the molten aluminum liquid meet the requirements; if yes, entering a step S5; if not, entering step S4;
s4, determining a component adjustment scheme and materials according to the analysis of the chemical components, and then entering a step S2;
s5, carrying out primary refining on the molten aluminum liquid, and injecting the primary refined molten aluminum liquid into a transfer ladle;
s6, carrying out secondary refining on the molten aluminum liquid subjected to primary refining in the transfer ladle, and adding a powdery Al-Ti-B intermediate alloy to obtain refined aluminum liquid;
s7, detecting the quality of the refined aluminum liquid, and judging whether the refined aluminum liquid meets the quality requirement or not; if yes, entering a step S9; if not, entering step S8;
s8, determining a quality adjustment scheme and materials according to the quality detection, and then entering a step S2;
s9, injecting the refined aluminum liquid into a die casting machine for die casting, and obtaining the high-toughness die casting aluminum alloy product with chromium element.
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the step S2 includes the steps of:
s21, adding the aluminum raw material into the smelting furnace, and then heating the temperature in the smelting furnace to 680 ℃, and keeping the temperature in the smelting furnace until the aluminum raw material is completely melted;
s22, raising the temperature in the smelting furnace to 720-750 ℃, then adding a silicon raw material, an Al-Mn intermediate alloy, an Al-V intermediate alloy, an Al-Zr intermediate alloy and an Al-Sr intermediate alloy, and keeping the temperature in the smelting furnace until the intermediate alloy and the silicon raw material are completely melted;
s23, reducing the temperature of the smelting furnace to 690-720 ℃, then pressing the magnesium raw material into the smelting body, and maintaining the temperature in the smelting furnace until the magnesium raw material is completely melted.
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the aluminum raw material is one or more of pure aluminum or aluminum ingots for remelting having a quality of no less than al99.80 grade, and/or the silicon raw material is one or more of pure silicon or industrial silicon having a quality of no less than Si4410 grade.
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the quality detection in S2 includes one or more of chemical component detection, density detection, and slag content detection.
In a further preferred aspect of the present invention, in S9, the refined aluminum liquid in the transfer ladle is transferred to a holding furnace provided on one side of the die casting machine for holding heat.
In addition, the invention also discloses a high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy product with chromium element, which is provided with the high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy with chromium element;
or the aluminum alloy product is provided with the high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy with the chromium element prepared by the preparation method of the high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy with the chromium element;
or at least a part of the aluminum alloy product is reprocessed from the high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy with chromium element;
or at least one part of the aluminum alloy product is reprocessed by adopting the high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy with chromium element prepared by the preparation method of the high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy with chromium element.
The above technical features can be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
In general, the above technical solutions conceived by the present invention have the beneficial effects compared with the prior art including:
(1) According to the high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy with chromium, 7.0-10.0 wt.% of silicon is adopted, so that the aluminum alloy material has excellent fluidity, and meanwhile, the aluminum alloy material can have better elongation, so that the aluminum alloy melt can be rapidly, smoothly and accurately filled into a cavity of a die-casting machine, and the molding quality of a die casting is further ensured. The requirements of demoulding and high toughness of the aluminum alloy castings are balanced by reducing the iron element ratio and correspondingly increasing the manganese element content. In order to improve the yield strength of the aluminum alloy material, magnesium element with the mass percentage of 0.05-0.4 wt.% is added; meanwhile, vanadium elements with the mass percentage of 0.01-0.08 wt.% are added to promote element nucleation and refine grains. At the same time, by adding not more than 0.07wt.% of chromium, a trace amount of Al is formed 13 Cr 4 Si 4 PromotingAnd (5) crystallizing. In addition, a proper amount of strontium is added correspondingly for improving the morphology of the eutectic silicon. The mechanical property of the aluminum alloy product prepared by adopting the aluminum alloy can reach 250-280 MPa of tensile strength, 115-135 MPa of yield strength and 14-19% of elongation in the as-cast state, and the aluminum alloy product has the advantage of leading toughness performance in AlSi series cast aluminum.
(2) According to the high-toughness die-cast aluminum alloy with the chromium element, the slag formation factor of the aluminum alloy material is always kept within the range of slightly more than 0.2wt.% by adjusting the content of the iron, manganese and chromium in the aluminum alloy material, and the aluminum liquid is ensured to be timely used within 8 hours, so that deposited slag caused by overlarge slag formation factor can be avoided, intermediate promotion nucleation can be formed, and when the chromium element is kept in a trace amount, the toughness of the material can be optimized, and the application range of the aluminum alloy die-cast can be remarkably improved while the cost of the die-cast is reduced.
(3) The high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy with the chromium element has simple aluminum alloy components, and the special strengthening elements are only vanadium element and chromium element, so that the tensile strength reaches 250MPa, the yield strength reaches 115MPa, and the elongation reaches 12 percent on the mechanical property, and the performance test results of sampling at different positions are stable while the performance of the die-casting aluminum alloy meets the requirements of structural members, thereby being applicable to traditional high-toughness structural members such as die-casting shock absorption towers, longitudinal beams and the like. And compared with other domestic high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloys, the aluminum alloy has the advantages of less use content of strengthening elements and lower production cost. The deformation in the heat treatment process and the heat treatment process can be reduced, and the method can be rapidly realized on the existing die casting production line without large investment.
(4) The high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy with the chromium element, the preparation method and the product thereof have the advantages of excellent material performance, convenient preparation process and wide application range, and by adding the vanadium element and the chromium element with proper content into the aluminum alloy material, the aluminum alloy material can not generate obvious scum in the die-casting due to slag forming factors in the solidification process, but can promote the formation of fine Al 13 Cr 4 Si 4 Further reach the promotionAnd (5) nucleation in the die casting molding process. When a trace amount of chromium element is added, fe and Mn elements can be compounded to form an Al (FeMnCr) Si compound, so that adverse effects of needle-shaped iron phase structure fracture specific structures are reduced, and the material toughness of the aluminum alloy die casting is enhanced. Furthermore, the preparation cost of the aluminum alloy material can be remarkably reduced, the aluminum alloy die casting can be ensured to have relatively good casting performance and high toughness, the mechanical property requirement of an automobile chassis structure can be met, one-step die casting molding of a rear floor can be realized, a large number of original parts are combined into one part, the stamping process is reduced, the preparation efficiency can be improved, the weight reduction of the rear floor can be realized, the light-weight requirement of the automobile industry for aluminum-substituted steel can be met, and the aluminum alloy die casting die has excellent economic benefit and popularization value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for preparing the high-toughness die-cast aluminum alloy with chromium element.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, the technical features of the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
According to the high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy with chromium elements, the preparation method and the product thereof, which are disclosed by the application, not only have the mechanical property characteristics of high strength and high toughness in an as-cast state, but also have better fluidity and better solidification interval in a die-casting process, so that a die cavity of a die is smoothly filled under pressure pushing, the forming time of molten aluminum in the die can be shortened, the preparation quality of an aluminum alloy die-casting part can be ensured, and the service life of the die can be ensured.
Specifically, in the preferred embodiment of the application, the high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy with chromium comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 7.0 to 10.0wt.% silicon, 0.05 to 0.4wt.% magnesium, 0.3 to 0.7wt.% manganese, 0.01 to 0.2wt.% titanium, 0.015 to 0.03wt.% strontium, 0.01 to 0.08wt.% vanadium, not more than 0.07wt.% chromium, and the balance aluminum and unavoidable impurity elements. The mechanical property of the aluminum alloy product prepared by adopting the aluminum alloy can reach 250-280 MPa of tensile strength, 115-135 MPa of yield strength and 14-19% of elongation in the as-cast state, and the aluminum alloy product has the advantage of leading toughness performance in AlSi series cast aluminum.
More specifically, among the above-described components of the high-toughness die-cast aluminum alloy having chromium element, the weight ratio of silicon element is controlled in the range of 7.0 to 10.0wt.%, ensuring excellent fluidity of the aluminum liquid while enabling the aluminum alloy material to have a more excellent elongation. In the actual use process, the aluminum alloy melt can be ensured to rapidly, smoothly and accurately fill the die cavity of the die casting machine, and further, the molding quality of the die casting is ensured. In order to realize convenient demoulding of the die casting in the mould, 0.3 to 0.7wt.% of manganese element is correspondingly added in the aluminum alloy material for forming a mould release agent of the die casting after die casting, so as to facilitate demoulding of the die casting.
Meanwhile, in order to ensure the yield strength of the aluminum alloy, 0.05-0.4 wt.% of magnesium element is correspondingly added into the aluminum alloy material, so that the yield strength of the aluminum alloy material can be stably maintained above 115MPa on any die casting product, further the aluminum alloy material is ensured to have wider application range, and the economic value of the aluminum alloy is obviously improved. The elongation is one of the key indexes of the aluminum alloy material, and the aluminum alloy material is added with Al-Ti-B intermediate alloy, 0.01-0.08 wt.% of vanadium element and not more than 0.07wt.% of chromium element. Wherein the Al-Ti-B intermediate alloy can realize the refinement of alloy crystals, and 0.01 to 0.08wt.% of vanadium element is Al 3 The V particles promote the formation of nuclei of the aluminum alloy melt during solidification, and combine with not more than 0.07wt.% of chromium added to the aluminum alloy material, so that the aluminum alloy melt can form a pre-precipitate during solidification, and the crystallization of the aluminum alloy melt is promoted by the pre-precipitate. Further, in order to improve the morphology of the eutectic silicon of the aluminum alloy, 0.01 is correspondingly added to the aluminum alloy5 to 0.03wt.% of strontium element, thereby improving the performance of the die-casting finished product of the aluminum alloy material.
Further, in the preferred embodiment of the present application, the unavoidable impurity elements include copper, iron, zinc, zirconium, the content of which is not more than 0.2wt.%, the remaining elements are individually not more than 0.05wt.%, and the sum is not more than 0.3wt.%. Since the atomic mass of iron, manganese and chromium is much larger than that of aluminum, deposition slag is formed in a smelting furnace in the process of smelting aluminum alloy, and in die-casting aluminum alloy molten liquid, the elemental mass fraction SF (slag forming factor) is generally controlled to satisfy the following conditions: sf=fe+2mn+3cr, 0.3wt.% > SF > 0.2wt.%.
Further preferably, in a preferred embodiment of the present application, the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in mass percent: 7.0 to 10.0wt.% silicon, 0.05 to 0.4wt.% magnesium, 0.3 to 0.7wt.% manganese, 0.01 to 0.2wt.% titanium, 0.015 to 0.03wt.% strontium, 0.01 to 0.08wt.% vanadium, 0.07wt.% chromium, the remainder being aluminum and unavoidable impurity elements. Preferably, the aluminum alloy has an iron content of 0.1wt.%, a manganese content of 0.05wt.%, and a chromium content of 0.07wt.%, such that the aluminum alloy has a slag formation factor of slightly greater than 0.2wt.%.
Preferably, the aluminum liquid in the preferred embodiment is used within 8 hours, thereby not only avoiding the formation of significant deposition slag, but also by forming fine Al 13 Cr 4 Si 4 The mesophase promotes nucleation and does not reduce the toughness of the material.
Further, in another preferred embodiment of the present application, the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 7.6 to 9.5wt.% silicon, 0.05 to 0.4wt.% magnesium, 0.3 to 0.7wt.% manganese, 0.01 to 0.2wt.% titanium, 0.015 to 0.03wt.% strontium, 0.01 to 0.08wt.% vanadium, 0.02wt.% chromium, other aluminum and unavoidable impurity elements. Preferably, the content of Fe element in the aluminum alloy is 0.1wt.%, the content of manganese element is 0.05wt.%, and the content of chromium element is a trace amount of 0.02wt.%, which is not only capable of forming fine Al 13 Cr 4 Si 4 The intermediate phase promotes nucleation, and can also compound Fe element to form Al (FeMnCr) Si compoundThe composition reduces the acicular compound of the iron phase, and further optimizes the toughness of the aluminum alloy material.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, the present application also discloses a method for preparing a high-toughness die-cast aluminum alloy with chromium element, for preparing the above high-toughness die-cast aluminum alloy with chromium element, comprising the steps of:
s1, weighing an aluminum raw material, a silicon raw material, a magnesium raw material, an Al-Mn intermediate alloy, an Al-Ti intermediate alloy, an Al-V intermediate alloy, an Al-Cr intermediate alloy and an Al-Sr intermediate alloy according to the weight ratio;
preferably, the aluminum raw material is one or more of pure aluminum (pure aluminum ingot or pure aluminum powder) or aluminum ingots for remelting with quality no less than Al99.80 grade, and/or the silicon raw material is one or more of pure silicon or industrial silicon with quality no less than Si4410 grade. Further preferably, the magnesium feedstock is a pure magnesium ingot.
S2, adding the weighed metal raw materials into a smelting furnace for smelting in batches to obtain molten aluminum liquid;
preferably, the step S2 comprises the steps of:
s21, adding an aluminum raw material into a smelting furnace, then heating the temperature in the smelting furnace to 680 ℃, and keeping the temperature in the smelting furnace until the aluminum raw material is completely melted;
s22, heating the temperature in the smelting furnace to 720-750 ℃, then adding a silicon raw material, an Al-Mn intermediate alloy, an Al-Ti intermediate alloy, an Al-V intermediate alloy, an Al-Cr intermediate alloy and an Al-Sr intermediate alloy, and keeping the temperature in the smelting furnace until the intermediate alloy and the silicon raw material are completely melted;
s23, reducing the temperature of the smelting furnace to 690-720 ℃, then pressing the magnesium raw material into the smelting body, and maintaining the temperature in the smelting furnace until the pure magnesium ingot is completely melted.
S3, after all the metal in the molten aluminum is melted, standing the molten aluminum, and analyzing whether the chemical components of the molten aluminum meet the requirements; if yes, entering a step S5; if not, entering step S4;
s4, determining a component adjustment scheme and materials according to analysis of chemical components, and then entering a step S2;
s5, carrying out primary refining on the molten aluminum liquid, and injecting the primary refined molten aluminum liquid into a transfer ladle;
s6, carrying out secondary refining on the molten aluminum liquid subjected to primary refining in the transfer ladle, and adding an Al-Ti-B intermediate alloy to obtain refined aluminum liquid;
s7, detecting the quality of the refined aluminum liquid, and judging whether the refined aluminum liquid meets the quality requirement; if yes, entering a step S9; if not, entering step S8;
preferably, the quality detection comprises chemical composition detection, density detection and slag content detection, wherein the K modulus value is not more than 0/20, namely the slag containing surface is zero.
S8, determining a quality adjustment scheme and materials according to quality detection, and then entering a step S2;
s9, injecting refined aluminum liquid into a die casting machine for die casting, and obtaining the high-toughness die casting aluminum alloy product with chromium element.
Preferably, the refined aluminum liquid in the transfer ladle is transferred into a holding furnace arranged at one side of the die casting machine for holding, and the temperature in the holding furnace is maintained between 690 ℃ and 720 ℃.
Further preferably, the in-gate velocity is 3m/s, the casting pressure is 80MPa, and the mold release ratio is 1:80, the temperature of the die is 180-230 ℃, and the vacuum degree is more than 30 mbar.
Further, in the preferred embodiment of the present application, the primary refining and/or secondary refining is performed by introducing a gas and adding a solid refining agent. Preferably, the gas is argon or nitrogen.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present application, the preliminary refining specifically includes the steps of: introducing gas and a solid refining agent accounting for 0.1 to 0.3 percent of the weight of the added melt at a flow rate of 16 to 22L/min, wherein the gas pressure is 0.2 to 0.4Mpa, the deslagging and degassing time is 5 to 30min, and then removing surface scum.
Accordingly, in a preferred embodiment of the present application, the secondary refining specifically comprises the steps of: 5 kg/ton of Al-Ti-B refiner is added after skimming the scum on the surface of the aluminum liquid, and the aluminum liquid is pressed into the melt to be stirred for melting. Then introducing nitrogen and 150-200 g/ton of solid refining agent at the flow rate of 25-30L/min, performing rotary refining for 5min, removing slag and degassing at the rotating speed of 450-550 r/min, and then fishing slag.
Further, in the preferred embodiment of the present application, there is also disclosed a high-toughness die-cast aluminum alloy article having a chromium element, specifically, the high-toughness die-cast aluminum alloy article having a chromium element having the above-mentioned high-toughness die-cast aluminum alloy having a chromium element;
or the high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy product with the chromium element has the high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy with the chromium element prepared by the preparation method of the high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy with the chromium element;
or, at least a part of the high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy product with chromium element is reprocessed from the high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy with chromium element;
or at least one part of the high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy product with the chromium element is obtained by reprocessing the high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy with the chromium element prepared by the preparation method of the high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy with the chromium element.
More specifically, in the preferred embodiment of the application, the aluminum alloy is manufactured through small-batch integrated front cabins, and in a well-filled area, the aluminum alloy can meet the performance requirements of structural components of an automobile chassis, and can be applied to the production of structural components such as integrated rear floors, front cabins, battery trays and the like. And through the performance verification of the integral die-casting front cabin part, in a region with good filling, the body samples the yield strength of 115-135 MPa, the tensile strength of 255-270 MPa and the elongation of 14-19%, and the performance meets the structural requirement, and meanwhile, the performance test results of sampling at different positions are stable, so that the die-casting front cabin part is suitable for structural members with higher requirements on collision energy absorption performance.
The invention will now be described with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative only and not limiting in any way.
Example 1
The high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy with chromium comprises the following components in percentage by weight: silicon: 8.5wt.% magnesium: 0.25wt.% manganese: 0.5wt.% titanium: 0.03wt.% strontium: 0.02wt.% vanadium: 0.02wt.% chromium: 0.07wt.%; iron is not more than 0.2wt.%, individual elements of other unavoidable impurities other than iron are not more than 0.05wt.%, the sum is not more than 0.25wt.%, and the balance is aluminum.
The preparation method of the high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy with the chromium element comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing 15kg of Al99.80 aluminum ingot, si4410 industrial silicon, pure magnesium ingot, al-Mn intermediate alloy, al-Ti intermediate alloy, al-V intermediate alloy, al-Cr intermediate alloy, al-Sr intermediate alloy and A-Ti-B refiner according to the weight ratio, and adding up to 3000kg.
S2, adding the weighed metal raw materials into a smelting furnace for smelting in batches to obtain molten aluminum liquid;
the S2 comprises the following steps:
s21, adding the pure aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace, then heating the temperature in the smelting furnace to 680 ℃, and keeping the temperature in the smelting furnace until the pure aluminum ingot is completely melted;
s22, raising the temperature in the smelting furnace to 720-750 ℃, and then adding Si4410 industrial silicon, al-Mn intermediate alloy, al-Ti intermediate alloy, al-V intermediate alloy, al-Cr intermediate alloy and Al-Sr intermediate alloy, and keeping the temperature in the smelting furnace until the intermediate alloy and the Si4410 industrial silicon are completely melted;
s23, reducing the temperature of the smelting furnace to 720 ℃, then pressing the pure magnesium ingot into the smelting body, and maintaining the temperature in the smelting furnace until the pure magnesium ingot is completely melted.
S3, after all the metal in the molten aluminum is melted, keeping the temperature between 700 ℃ and 730 ℃ for standing the molten aluminum for 10min, and analyzing whether the chemical components of the molten aluminum meet the requirements; if yes, entering a step S5; if not, entering step S4;
s4, determining a component adjustment scheme and materials according to analysis of chemical components, and then entering a step S2;
s5, introducing nitrogen into the molten aluminum liquid at the air pressure of 0.4MPa, adding 9kg of solid refining agent, refining for 10min, deslagging and degassing the molten aluminum liquid, then removing surface scum, finishing primary refining, and injecting the primary refined molten aluminum liquid into a 1.5 ton capacity transfer ladle;
s6, after skimming the surface scum of the aluminum liquid, adding 15kg of Al-Ti-B refiner, pressing into the melt, stirring for 1min to melt, introducing nitrogen and 150g of solid refiner at the pressure of 0.4MPa, performing rotary refining, deslagging and degassing for 5min, and then skimming the slag to obtain refined aluminum liquid;
s7, detecting the quality of the refined aluminum liquid, and judging whether the refined aluminum liquid meets the quality requirement; if yes, entering a step S9; if not, entering step S8;
s8, determining a quality adjustment scheme and materials according to quality detection, and then entering a step S2;
s9, setting the temperature of the aluminum liquid to 680-700 ℃, casting the pressure to 75MPa, and the proportion of the release agent to 1: and (3) carrying out die casting at the die temperature of 200 ℃ and the vacuum degree of 30mbar and the internal gate speed of 87m/s, and obtaining a die casting flat plate of the high-toughness die casting aluminum alloy with the chromium element and the size of 200 x 210mm by one die and two cavities of the die casting die.
Example 2
The high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: silicon: 8.0wt.% magnesium: 0.25wt.% manganese: 0.5wt.% titanium: 0.03%, strontium: 0.02wt.% vanadium: 0.02wt.% chromium: 0.02wt%; iron is not more than 0.2wt.%, individual elements of other unavoidable impurities other than iron are not more than 0.05wt.%, the sum is not more than 0.25wt.%, and the balance is aluminum.
The preparation method of this example was identical to that of example 1 except that the ingredients were different.
Example 3
The high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: silicon: 7.0wt.% magnesium: 0.05wt.% manganese: 0.3wt.% titanium: 0.01%, strontium: 0.015wt.% vanadium: 0.01wt.%; iron is not more than 0.2wt.%, individual elements of other unavoidable impurities other than iron are not more than 0.05wt.%, the sum is not more than 0.25wt.%, and the balance is aluminum.
The preparation method of this example was identical to that of example 1 except that the ingredients were different.
Example 4
The high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: silicon: 10.0wt.% magnesium: 0.4wt.% manganese: 0.7wt.% titanium: 0.2%, strontium: 0.03wt.% vanadium: 0.08wt.% chromium: 0.07wt.%; iron is not more than 0.2wt.%, individual elements of other unavoidable impurities other than iron are not more than 0.05wt.%, the sum is not more than 0.25wt.%, and the balance is aluminum.
The preparation method of this example was identical to that of example 1 except that the ingredients were different.
Example 5
The high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: silicon: 9.0wt.% magnesium: 0.25wt.% manganese: 0.5wt.% titanium: 0.10%, strontium: 0.025wt.% vanadium: 0.04wt.% chromium: 0.05wt.%; iron: 0.08wt.% of other unavoidable impurities single elements other than iron are not more than 0.05wt.%, the sum being not more than 0.25wt.%, the remainder being aluminum.
The preparation method of this example was identical to that of example 1 except that the ingredients were different.
Example 6
The high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: silicon: 9.0wt.% magnesium: 0.30wt.% manganese: 0.6wt.% titanium: 0.05%, strontium: 0.025wt.% vanadium: 0.06wt.% chromium: 0.03wt.%; iron: 0.20wt.%, the individual elements of other unavoidable impurities except iron are not more than 0.05wt.%, the sum is not more than 0.25wt.%, the remainder being aluminum.
The preparation method of this example was identical to that of example 1 except that the ingredients were different.
Example 7
The high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: silicon: 9.0wt.% magnesium: 0.20wt.% manganese: 0.4wt.% titanium: 0.05%, strontium: 0.025wt.% vanadium: 0.04wt.% chromium: 0.03wt.%; iron: 0.12wt.%, copper: 0.05wt.% of individual elements of unavoidable impurities other than iron and copper, not more than 0.05wt.%, together not more than 0.20wt.%, the remainder being aluminum.
The preparation method of this example was identical to that of example 1 except that the ingredients were different.
Example 8
The high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: silicon: 9.0wt.% magnesium: 0.20wt.% manganese: 0.3wt.% titanium: 0.05%, strontium: 0.025wt.% vanadium: 0.03wt.% chromium: 0.03wt.%; iron: 0.10wt.%, copper: 0.05wt.%, zinc: 0.05wt.%, individual elements of unavoidable impurities other than iron, copper, zinc are not more than 0.05wt.%, the sum is not more than 0.15wt.%, the remainder being aluminum.
The preparation method of this example was identical to that of example 1 except that the ingredients were different.
Example 9
The high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: silicon: 9.0wt.% magnesium: 0.25wt.% manganese: 0.3wt.% titanium: 0.05%, strontium: 0.025wt.% vanadium: 0.02wt.% chromium: 0.02wt.%; iron: 0.10wt.%, copper: 0.05wt.%, zinc: 0.05wt.%, zirconium: 0.05wt.%, individual elements of unavoidable impurities other than iron, copper, zinc, zirconium are not more than 0.05wt.%, the sum is not more than 0.10wt.%, the remainder being aluminum.
The preparation method of this example was identical to that of example 1 except that the ingredients were different.
Example 10
The high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: silicon: 8.0wt.% magnesium: 0.25wt.% manganese: 0.3wt.% titanium: 0.05%, strontium: 0.025wt.% vanadium: 0.02wt.% chromium: 0.02wt.%; iron: 0.10wt.%, copper: 0.03wt.%, zinc: 0.02wt.%, zirconium: 0.02wt.% of individual elements of unavoidable impurities other than iron, copper, zinc, zirconium, not more than 0.05wt.%, the sum not more than 0.10wt.%, the remainder being aluminum.
The preparation method of this example was identical to that of example 1 except that the ingredients were different.
Example 11
The high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: silicon: 8.0wt.% magnesium: 0.25wt.% manganese: 0.3wt.% titanium: 0.05%, strontium: 0.025wt.% vanadium: 0.02wt.% chromium: 0.02wt.%; iron: 0.10wt.%, copper: 0.03wt.%, zinc: 0.02wt.%, zirconium: 0.02wt.% of individual elements of unavoidable impurities other than iron, copper, zinc, zirconium, not more than 0.05wt.%, the sum not more than 0.10wt.%, the remainder being aluminum.
The preparation method of this example was identical to that of example 1 except that the ingredients were different.
Setting the obtained flat plate in a heat treatment experimental furnace at 170 ℃, preserving heat for 20min, taking out and then air-cooling; setting 150 ℃, preserving heat for 20min, taking out and then cooling in air; setting 140 ℃, preserving heat for 20min, taking out and then cooling in air.
Example 12
The high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: silicon: 8.0wt.% magnesium: 0.25wt.% manganese: 0.3wt.% titanium: 0.05%, strontium: 0.025wt.% vanadium: 0.02wt.% chromium: 0.02wt.%; iron: 0.10wt.%, copper: 0.03wt.%, zinc: 0.02wt.%, zirconium: 0.02wt.% of individual elements of unavoidable impurities other than iron, copper, zinc, zirconium, not more than 0.05wt.%, the sum not more than 0.10wt.%, the remainder being aluminum.
Transferring the smelted aluminum material into a machine side heat preservation furnace, injecting into a 7000T die casting machine for die casting, removing pouring channels and slag bags, and enabling the mass of the casting body to be 57kg.
Example 13
The plate of example 2 was baked in a muffle furnace at 170deg.C for 20min, cooled at 150deg.C for 20min, cooled at 140deg.C for 20min.
Comparative example 1
The AlSi10MnMg aluminum alloy of the comparative example comprises the following components in percentage by weight: silicon: 10.0wt.% magnesium: 0.3wt.% manganese: 0.5wt.% titanium: 0.07%, strontium: 0.02wt.% iron: 0.12wt.%, other unavoidable impurities of not more than 0.05wt.% individual elements, the sum not more than 0.15wt.%, the remainder being aluminum.
The preparation method of this comparative example was identical to that of example 1 except that the ingredients were different.
AlSi10MnMg in comparative example 1 is a brand of european union aluminum alloy, which is a heat treatable strengthened die casting alloy disclosed in patent US6364970B 1.
Comparative example 2
The AlSi10MnMg aluminum alloy of the comparative example comprises the following components in percentage by weight: silicon: 10.0wt.% magnesium: 0.4wt.% manganese: 0.6wt.% titanium: 0.07%, strontium: 0.02wt.% iron: 0.10wt.% copper: 0.03wt.%, other unavoidable impurities of not more than 0.05wt.%, the sum not more than 0.15wt.%, the remainder being aluminum.
The preparation method of this comparative example was identical to that of example 1 except that the ingredients were different.
Comparative example 3
The ADC12 aluminum alloy of the comparative example comprises the following components in percentage by weight: silicon: 10.5wt.% copper: 2.5wt.% magnesium: 0.2wt.% iron: 1.0wt.% manganese: 0.4wt.% titanium: 0.05%, zinc: 0.5wt.% nickel: 0.05wt.% tin: 0.05wt.% lead: 0.05wt.%. Other unavoidable impurities are not more than 0.05wt.%, the sum is not more than 0.15wt.%, the remainder being aluminum.
The preparation method of this comparative example was identical to that of example 1 except that the ingredients were different.
ADC12 in comparative example 3 is Japanese grade, also called No. 12 aluminum alloy, al-Si-Cu alloy, a die-cast aluminum alloy.
Table 1 example die cast aluminum alloy chemical composition wt.%
Table 2 comparative example die cast aluminum alloy chemical composition wt.%
TABLE 3 die cast aluminum alloy Properties
| Group of | Example characteristics | Tensile strength/MPa | Yield strength/MPa | Elongation/% |
| Example 1 | Upper limit of Cr content in the invention | 258.14 | 117.84 | 19.25 |
| Example 2 | Typical content of core element of the present invention | 261.97 | 118.60 | 17.51 |
| Example 3 | Lower limit of core element of the invention | 257.74 | 118.29 | 17.30 |
| Example 4 | Upper limit of core element of the invention | 268.32 | 132.26 | 12.41 |
| Example 5 | The invention limits the lower limit of Fe content | 266.40 | 121.95 | 17.67 |
| Example 6 | The invention limits the upper limit of Fe content | 268.64 | 123.65 | 13.44 |
| Example 7 | Upper limit of Cu impurity content in the invention | 267.88 | 119.33 | 14.76 |
| Example 8 | The upper limit of the impurity content of Cu and Zn in the invention | 267.03 | 122.58 | 14.97 |
| Example 9 | The upper limit of the impurity content of Cu, zn and Zr | 266.24 | 125.60 | 15.47 |
| Example 10 | Typical composition of the invention as-cast | 258.71 | 115.92 | 18.47 |
| Example 11 | The present invention is typically in the baked state | 264.76 | 140.78 | 15.08 |
| Example 12 | The invention relates to an aluminum alloy die-casting large structural part | 264.50 | 136.38 | 9.95 |
| Example 13 | The baking test piece of the invention | 268.15 | 145.71 | 16.11 |
| Comparative example 1 | Silafont 36/AlSi10MnMg | 279.61 | 144.94 | 9.64. |
| Comparative example 2 | Silafont 36/AlSi10MnMg | 283.49 | 152.13 | 8.29 |
| Comparative example 3 | ADC12 | 343.60 | 185.58 | 3.22 |
According to the table, the as-cast flat plates prepared by the aluminum alloy materials in the examples 1 to 10 can reach the performances of 115 to 135MPa of yield strength, 250 to 280MPa of tensile strength and 14 to 19% of elongation. In particular, the elongation of the flat plate made of the aluminum alloy material in example 1 of the present application can reach 19.25%. Meanwhile, in the embodiment 4 and the embodiment 6 of the present application, when a part of core elements except for aluminum element are in a higher content, the plate body prepared from the aluminum alloy material can still be ensured to have a higher elongation of 12%; compared with the elongation of 5-10% of a flat plate prepared from the Silafont 36 alloy by the same process, the plate prepared from any embodiment of the method has remarkable advantages in elongation, so that the die casting prepared from the die casting aluminum alloy material in the embodiment of the method has excellent collision energy absorption performance, and structural members with high requirements on collision energy absorption performance, such as an integrated die casting front cabin, can be prepared.
Meanwhile, most of automobile parts can be used after baking treatment before use, so in the embodiment 13 of the application, the baking test piece prepared by adopting the aluminum alloy proportion disclosed in the embodiment 13 has the yield strength reaching 130-150 Mpa after tensile mechanical property test, the tensile strength reaching 260-275 Mpa, the elongation kept at 13-17%, the yield strength of the baked test piece after baking is obviously increased relative to that of an as-cast flat plate, and the elongation of the baked test piece is still kept at a higher level.
The high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy with the chromium element, the preparation method and the product thereof have the advantages of excellent material performance, convenient preparation process and wide application range, and by adding the vanadium element and the chromium element with proper content into the aluminum alloy material, the aluminum alloy material can not generate obvious scum in the die-casting due to slag forming factors in the solidification process, but can promote the formation of fine Al 13 Cr 4 Si 4 And further reaches the purpose of promoting nucleation in the die casting molding process. When a trace amount of chromium element is added, an Al (FeMnCr) Si compound can be formed by compounding Fe element, so that the needle-like structure of an iron phase is reduced, and the toughness of the aluminum alloy material is optimized. The invention can obviously reduce the preparation cost of the aluminum alloy material, can ensure that the aluminum alloy die casting has better casting performance and high strength and toughness, can meet the mechanical property requirement of an automobile chassis structure, can realize one-step die casting molding of the front cabin and the rear floor, combines a large number of original parts into one part, reduces the stamping process, can improve the preparation efficiency, can realize the weight reduction of the front cabin and the rear floor, and can meet the light weight requirement of aluminum substituted steel in the automobile industry, thereby having excellent economic benefit and popularization value.
It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy with the chromium element is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 7.0 to 10.0wt.% silicon, 0.05 to 0.4wt.% magnesium, 0.3 to 0.7wt.% manganese, 0.01 to 0.2wt.% titanium, 0.015 to 0.03wt.% strontium, 0.01 to 0.08wt.% vanadium, not more than 0.07wt.% chromium, and the balance aluminum and unavoidable impurity elements.
2. The high-toughness die-cast aluminum alloy with chromium element according to claim 1, wherein the unavoidable impurity elements include copper, iron, zinc, zirconium, the content of iron is not more than 0.2wt.%, the remaining elements are individually not more than 0.05wt.%, and the total is not more than 0.3wt.%.
3. The high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy with chromium element according to claim 2, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 7.0 to 10.0wt.% silicon, 0.05 to 0.4wt.% magnesium, 0.3 to 0.7wt.% manganese, 0.01 to 0.2wt.% titanium, 0.015 to 0.03wt.% strontium, 0.01 to 0.08wt.% vanadium, 0.07wt.% chromium, the remainder being aluminum and unavoidable impurity elements.
4. The high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy with chromium element according to claim 2, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 7.6 to 9.5wt.% silicon, 0.05 to 0.4wt.% magnesium, 0.3 to 0.7wt.% manganese, 0.01 to 0.2wt.% titanium, 0.015 to 0.03wt.% strontium, 0.01 to 0.08wt.% vanadium, 0.02wt.% chromium, other aluminum and unavoidable impurity elements.
5. A method for producing a high-toughness die-cast aluminum alloy having chromium element, characterized by being used for producing the high-toughness die-cast aluminum alloy having chromium element according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
s1, weighing an aluminum raw material, a silicon raw material, a magnesium raw material, an Al-Mn intermediate alloy, an Al-Ti intermediate alloy, an Al-V intermediate alloy, an Al-Cr intermediate alloy and an Al-Sr intermediate alloy according to the weight ratio;
s2, adding the weighed metal raw materials into a smelting furnace for smelting in batches to obtain molten aluminum liquid;
s3, after all the metal in the molten aluminum liquid is melted, standing the molten aluminum liquid, and analyzing whether the chemical components of the molten aluminum liquid meet the requirements; if yes, entering a step S5; if not, entering step S4;
s4, determining a component adjustment scheme and materials according to the analysis of the chemical components, and then entering a step S2;
s5, carrying out primary refining on the molten aluminum liquid, and injecting the primary refined molten aluminum liquid into a transfer ladle;
s6, carrying out secondary refining on the molten aluminum liquid subjected to primary refining in the transfer ladle, and adding a powdery Al-Ti-B intermediate alloy to obtain refined aluminum liquid;
s7, detecting the quality of the refined aluminum liquid, and judging whether the refined aluminum liquid meets the quality requirement or not; if yes, entering a step S9; if not, entering step S8;
s8, determining a quality adjustment scheme and materials according to the quality detection, and then entering a step S2;
s9, injecting the refined aluminum liquid into a die casting machine for die casting, and obtaining the high-toughness die casting aluminum alloy product with chromium element.
6. The method for producing a high-toughness die-cast aluminum alloy with chromium element according to claim 5, wherein the S2 comprises the steps of:
s21, adding the aluminum raw material into the smelting furnace, and then heating the temperature in the smelting furnace to 680 ℃, and keeping the temperature in the smelting furnace until the aluminum raw material is completely melted;
s22, raising the temperature in the smelting furnace to 720-750 ℃, and then adding a silicon raw material, an Al-Mn intermediate alloy, an Al-Ti intermediate alloy, an Al-V intermediate alloy, an Al-Cr intermediate alloy and an Al-Sr intermediate alloy, and keeping the temperature in the smelting furnace until the intermediate alloy and the silicon raw material are completely melted;
s23, reducing the temperature of the smelting furnace to 690-720 ℃, then pressing the magnesium raw material into the smelting body, and maintaining the temperature in the smelting furnace until the magnesium raw material is completely melted.
7. The method for producing a high-toughness die-cast aluminum alloy with chromium element according to claim 5, wherein the aluminum raw material is one or more of pure aluminum or aluminum ingots for remelting having a grade quality of not less than al99.80, and/or the silicon raw material is one or more of pure silicon or industrial silicon having a grade quality of not less than Si 4410.
8. The production method of a high-toughness die-cast aluminum alloy with chromium element according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the quality detection in S2 includes one or more of chemical composition detection, density detection, slag content detection.
9. The production method of a high-toughness die-cast aluminum alloy with chromium element according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein in S9, the refined aluminum liquid in the transfer ladle is transferred to a holding furnace provided at one side of the die casting machine for holding heat.
10. A high-toughness die-cast aluminum alloy article having a chromium element, characterized in that the aluminum alloy article has the high-toughness die-cast aluminum alloy having a chromium element according to any one of claims 1 to 4;
or the aluminum alloy article has the high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy with chromium element prepared by the preparation method of the high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy with chromium element according to any one of claims 5 to 9;
or at least a part of the aluminum alloy product is reprocessed from the high-toughness die-cast aluminum alloy with chromium element according to any one of claims 1 to 4;
or at least one part of the aluminum alloy product is obtained by reprocessing the high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy with chromium element prepared by the preparation method of the high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy with chromium element according to any one of claims 5 to 9.
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| CN118241085A (en) * | 2024-05-24 | 2024-06-25 | 成都新格有色金属有限公司 | Heat treatment-free aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN118241085B (en) * | 2024-05-24 | 2024-08-02 | 成都新格有色金属有限公司 | Heat treatment-free aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
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