CN102899525B - High strength and toughness wear-resisting complex brass and production method thereof - Google Patents
High strength and toughness wear-resisting complex brass and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high strength and toughness wear-resisting complex brass and a production method thereof. The complex brass disclosed herein comprises 54-62wt% of Cu, 0.5-3.5wt% of Mn, 0.2-3.0wt% of Si, 0.2-3.5wt% of Ni, 0.1-1.0wt% of Pb, 0.1-0.5wt% of Sn, 0.1-1.0wt% of Fe, 0.03-0.15wt% of As, 0.02-0.2wt% of Ti, and the balance consisting of Zn and inevitable impurities, wherein the total amount of the inevitable impurities is not larger than 0.1wt%. The preparation method disclosed herein comprises the following steps: successively adding electrolytic copper, Cu-Mn master alloy, Fe-Si alloy, titanium sponge, electrolytic nickel, electrolytic zinc, lead ingot, tin ingot and metallic arsentic to an electric induction furnace for smelting, then conducting copper alloy ingot casting, hot extrusion and high temperature annealing, finally stretching, conducting stress relief annealing, straightening, and polishing to obtain a finished product. According to the invention, the component proportion design is scientific and reasonable, Mn, Si and Ni are used for raising the wear resistance of the alloy, Pb and Sn are used for raising the cutting performance of the alloy, Ti and Fe are used for grain refinement, and As is used for raising the corrosion resistance of the alloy, thus the complex brass disclosed herein has good machinability, high strength and toughness, stable wear resistance, and simple preparation method, and is easy for industrial production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of complex brass alloy and manufacture method thereof, particularly the complex brass of a kind of high strength, high tenacity, high-wearing feature and manufacture method thereof.
Background technology
Brass is most important alloy kind in copper alloy, is world-famous for low-cost and high-performance, is widely used in the every field of national economy.Complex brass refers to and in brass, adds alloy part element, the alloy of making to improve brass partial properties.In brass, add the alloying elements such as manganese, silicon, aluminium, iron, lead, tin, nickel, can make brass there is the performances such as high strength, high-wearing feature, highly anti-fatigue toughness.
Along with the fast development of national economy, Application Areas and the market requirement of complex brass expand rapidly, become indispensable important spare part material at industry complex brass such as automobile, hydraulic pressure, self-oiling bearing, machineries.In recent years, the more severe occasion of some environments for use proposes more and more higher requirement to engineering materials, simple brass, simple aluminum brass, manganese brass can not meet the industry such as actual service requirements, especially aviation, automobile, hydraulic pressure that wear-resisting, erosion resistance, high-intensity complex brass are had to active demand more.
Abroad from the 60 to 70's of the 20th century wear-resisting complex brass that just begins one's study.Early eighties, Japan Office has successively announced 2 patents about wear resistant brass: 1) wear-resisting toughness copper alloy, the patent No.: JP 56-127741, alloying constituent is Cu:54-66%, Al:1-5%, Mn:1-5%, Si:0.2-1.5%, Ni:0.5-4%, Fe:0.1-2%, Sn:0.2-2%, surplus is Zn.2) wear-resisting toughness copper alloy, the patent No.: JP 56-133443, alloying constituent is Cu:54-60%, Al:1-5%, Mn:1-5%, Si:0.2-1.5%, Ni:0.5-4%, Fe:0.1-2%, Sn:0.2-2%, surplus is Zn.China has also launched research to wear-resisting complex brass, as the patent No.: 89105212.7, the chemical composition of announcing in " wear-resisting multicomponent Cu alloy " is Cu:50-70%, Zn:15-35%, Al:2-8%, Si:1-4%, Mn:4-15%, Sn:2-6%, Co:0.3-0.5%, Be:0.2-1%, Re:0.05-0.2%.These Aluminum in Alloy content are higher, and the temperature-room type plasticity of material and toughness are all very low, cause under severe working condition, and material easily produces fatigue cracking, and work-ing life is shorter.In domestic patent, also contain highly toxic substance beryllium (Be), the person and environment are caused to huge pollution.And these alloy processing difficulties, particularly when machining, whet a knife, damage cutter severity.
In order to improve complex brass toughness, wear resistance and work-ing life, meet the requirement of different working conditions to material, therefore, develop the wear-resisting complex brass of a kind of high-strength and high ductility and manufacture method thereof imperative.
Summary of the invention
First technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide the wear-resisting complex brass of a kind of high-strength and high ductility, has high strength, high tenacity, high-wearing feature, good processability, the feature that thermoforming performance is good.
First technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide the preparation method of the wear-resisting complex brass of a kind of high-strength and high ductility, and the complex brass making has high strength, high tenacity, high-wearing feature, good processability, the feature that thermoforming performance is good.
The present invention solves the technical scheme that above-mentioned first technical problem adopts: the wear-resisting complex brass of a kind of high-strength and high ductility, it is characterized in that its component proportion is: 54-62wt% copper, 0.5-3.5wt% manganese, 0.2-3.0wt% silicon, 0.2-3.5wt% nickel, 0.1-1.0wt% lead, 0.1-0.5wt% tin, 0.1-1.0wt% iron, 0.03-0.15wt% arsenic, 0.02-0.2wt% titanium, surplus is zinc and inevitable impurity, and wherein the total amount of inevitable impurity is not more than 0.1wt%.
As preferably, its component proportion is: 56-60wt% copper, 0.5-3.5wt% manganese, 0.2-2.0wt% silicon, 0.2-3.5wt% nickel, 0.2-1.0 lead, 0.1-0.5wt% tin, 0.1-0.5wt% iron, 0.03-0.10wt% arsenic, 0.02-0.2wt% titanium, surplus is zinc and inevitable impurity, and wherein the total amount of inevitable impurity is not more than 0.1wt%.
The present invention solves the technical scheme that above-mentioned second technical problem adopt: the preparation method of the wear-resisting complex brass of a kind of high-strength and high ductility, it is characterized in that the copper by 54-62wt%, 0.5-3.5wt% manganese, 0.2-3.0wt% silicon, 0.2-3.5wt% nickel, 0.1-1.0wt% lead, 0.1-0.5wt% tin, 0.1-1.0wt% iron, 0.03-0.15wt% arsenic, 0.02-0.2wt% titanium, surplus is zinc and inevitable impurity, the component proportion that wherein total amount of inevitable impurity is not more than 0.1wt% is by electrolytic copper, copper manganese master alloy, iron silicon alloy, titanium sponge, electrolytic nickel, electrolytic zinc, lead pig, tin slab and metallic arsenic add melting in induction furnace successively, smelting temperature is 1030～1080 DEG C, after whole melting of metal, and insulation 5-30 minute, carry out the casting of copper alloy ingot, 1030～1050 DEG C of pouring temperatures, then copper alloy casting ingot is heated to 550～700 DEG C and carries out hot extrusion, extrusion billet after hot extrusion carries out high temperature annealing at 450～600 DEG C, after work in-process drawn after high temperature annealing, stress relief annealing, aligning, polishing, become finished product.
As preferably, described component proportion is: 56-60wt% copper, 0.5-3.5wt% manganese, 0.2-2.0wt% silicon, 0.2-3.5wt% nickel, 0.2-1.0 lead, 0.1-0.5wt% tin, 0.1-0.5wt% iron, 0.03-0.10wt% arsenic, 0.02-0.2wt% titanium, surplus is zinc and inevitable impurity, and wherein the total amount of inevitable impurity is not more than 0.1wt%.
Preferred again, in described copper manganese master alloy, manganese content is 15-30wt%.
Preferred again, in described iron silicon alloy, iron level is 20～40wt%.
Finally, described high temperature anneal temperature is preferably 500～580 DEG C.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: component proportion design science is reasonable, by carrying heavy alloyed wear resisting property with manganese, silicon, nickel, by plumbous, the heavy alloyed cutting ability of Xi Laiti, carry out crystal grain thinning with titanium, iron, improve Alloy Anti corrosive nature with arsenic.Complex brass processing characteristics of the present invention is better, and intensity and toughness are higher, and wear resisting property is more stable, and preparation method is simple, is easy to suitability for industrialized production.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
First really have made to order and illustrate for each elementary composition content range of the wear-resisting complex brass of high-strength and high ductility of the present invention:
Copper:
The copper content of the wear-resisting complex brass of high-strength and high ductility of the present invention is 54-62wt%.Copper content is during lower than 54wt%, and cold-forming property is poor, easily fracture in drawing process, and the unit elongation of finished product is low, and practical value is low.Copper content is during higher than 62wt%, and β phase content is low, and hot workability and wear resisting property are not good, and manufacturing cost increases.
Manganese, silicon and nickel:
Manganese, silicon and nickel can form Mn5Si3Ni2 intermetallic compound, and microhardness is higher, can significantly improve the wear resisting property of material in the time that even dispersion is distributed in matrix.When this intermetallic compound is during lower than 0.5wt%, do not reach the object that improves wear resistance, and intensity is lower; When this intermetallic compound is higher than 10% time, toughness of material significantly reduces.In addition all right stable alpha phase of manganese and nickel, strengthening matrix.Therefore, manganese content is controlled to 0.5-3.5wt% scope, silicone content is controlled to 0.2-2.0wt% scope, nickel content is controlled to 0.2-3.5wt% scope.
Lead and tin:
Effect plumbous and tin is to improve alloy cutting ability.Plumbous, tin can make smear metal tiny, and processed surface smoothness is high.In the time that plumbous and tin are all less than 0.1wt%, can not reach satisfied cutting effect, when lead is greater than 1.0wt%, when tin is greater than 0.5wt%, low-alloyed cold-forming property falls, and toughness also reduces.Meanwhile, tin can also be carried heavy alloyed Seawater durability.
Titanium and iron:
The Main Function of titanium and iron is crystal grain thinning.Titanium and iron as grain nucleation core, greatly increase nucleation rate in process of setting, impel grain refining.When titanium is lower than 0.02wt%, iron is lower than 0.1wt%, and very little, grain refining is not obvious for forming core core; When titanium is greater than 0.2wt%, iron is greater than 1.0wt%, can form rich iron sclerosis phase segregation at crystal boundary, worsens material property, reduces toughness.
Arsenic:
Arsenic can be solid-solubilized in copper, and its Main Function is the Dezincification corrosion resistant performance of improving alloy.In corrosive medium, the vacancy defect in arsenic and the alloy of solid solution has strong interaction, hinders the optimum solvation of zinc.When arsenic content is during lower than 0.03wt%, can not play and hinder the effect that zinc dissolves, in the time that arsenic content is greater than 0.15wt%, can increase the susceptibility of alloy stress corrosion failure.
Therefore determine that component proportion is: 54-62wt% copper, 0.5-3.5wt% manganese, 0.2-3.0wt% silicon, 0.2-3.5wt% nickel, 0.1-1.0wt% lead, 0.1-0.5wt% tin, 0.1-1.0wt% iron, 0.03-0.15wt% arsenic, 0.02-0.2wt% titanium, surplus is zinc and inevitable impurity, wherein the total amount of inevitable impurity is not more than 0.1wt%;
Be preferably 56-60wt% copper, 0.5-3.5wt% manganese, 0.2-2.0wt% silicon, 0.2-3.5wt% nickel, 0.2-1.0 lead, 0.1-0.5wt% tin, 0.1-0.5wt% iron, 0.03-0.10wt% arsenic, 0.02-0.2wt% titanium, surplus is zinc and inevitable impurity, wherein the total amount of inevitable impurity is not more than 0.1wt%.
Next illustrate the preparation method of the wear-resisting complex brass of high-strength and high ductility of the present invention:
1, prepare copper manganese and iron silicon master alloy.The preparation method of copper manganese master alloy is: be all the other proportionings that are copper of 25wt% by manganese, melt, and be cast into the ingot casting of copper manganese master alloy within the scope of 1200～1300 DEG C, this ingot casting fragmentation is to block for subsequent use.The preparation method of iron silicon master alloy is: in iron: silicon=1: 3 ratio, and within the scope of 1300～1400 DEG C, melt, and water the ingot casting of cast iron silicon master alloy, this ingot casting fragmentation is to block for subsequent use.
2, brass alloys preparation method is: by 54-62wt% copper, 0.5-3.5wt% manganese, 0.2-3.0wt% silicon, 0.2-3.5wt% nickel, 0.1-1.0 lead, 0.1-0.5wt% tin, 0.1-1.0wt% iron, 0.03-0.15 arsenic, 0.02-0.2 titanium, surplus is zinc and inevitable impurity, inevitably total impurities is not more than the composition proportion of 0.1wt%, and electrolytic copper, copper manganese master alloy, iron silicon alloy, titanium sponge, electrolytic nickel, electrolytic zinc, lead pig, tin slab and metallic arsenic are added to melting in induction furnace successively; Smelting temperature is 1030～1080 DEG C, after metal all melts, temperature is increased to more than 1100 DEG C, and flame decon, flame is complete, is incubated 5～30 minutes; Adopt vertical direct chill casting, pouring temperature is 1030～1050 DEG C, prepares Φ 145mm brass alloys ingot casting.Then copper alloy casting ingot is heated to 550～700 DEG C and carries out hot extrusion; Extrusion billet after hot extrusion carries out high temperature annealing at 450～600 DEG C.After work in-process drawn after high temperature annealing, stress relief annealing, aligning, polishing, become finished product.
Below specific embodiments of the invention and comparative example are compared, its chemical composition is as shown in table 1.
Comparative example alloy is chosen the alloy that the trade mark is CuZn37Mn3Al2PbSi and CuZn38Mn2NiSi.Wherein comparative example 1 is CuZn37Mn3Al2PbSi alloy, the alloy that comparative example 2 is CuZn38Mn2NiSi.
The chemical composition (wt%) of table 1 embodiment of the present invention alloy and comparative example alloy
Subsequent machining technology is: hot extrusion → high temperature annealing → stretching → stress relief annealing → aligning polishing → test package warehouse-in.
Finally by as follows to embodiment of the present invention alloy and comparative example alloy test performance:
1, mechanical property
Table 2 is tensile strength, unit elongation and the vickers hardness number of embodiment of the present invention alloy and comparative example alloy.
Tensile strength, unit elongation and the vickers hardness number of table 2 embodiment and comparative example alloy
| Material number | Tensile strength/MPa | Unit elongation/% |
| Embodiment 1 | 630～650 | 12～15 |
| Embodiment 2 | 670～700 | 15～18 |
| Embodiment 3 | 630～650 | 17～20 |
| Comparative example 1 | 590～610 | 8～10 |
| Comparative example 2 | 520～550 | 10～13 |
Can see that embodiment tensile strength and unit elongation are higher than comparative example alloy.
2, wear resisting property
Wear resisting property test is carried out on friction wear testing machine, and test parameter is:
Rotating speed: 800r/min; Load: 50MPa; Lubricating oil: 68# hydraulic efficiency oil; Friction pair: GCr15 bearing steel; Number of total coils: 20000 turn.
The wear resisting property of table 3 inventive embodiments and comparative example alloy
| Material number | Frictional coefficient | Abrasion loss/um |
| Embodiment 1 | 0.105 | 343 |
| Embodiment 2 | 0.085 | 265 |
| Embodiment 3 | 0.090 | 310 |
| Comparative example 1 | 0.116 | 487 |
| Comparative example 2 | 0.109 | 362 |
Can show that embodiment of the present invention alloy wear-resisting performance is obviously better than comparative example alloy.
Claims (7)
1. the wear-resisting complex brass of high-strength and high ductility, it is characterized in that its component proportion is: 54-62wt% copper, 0.5-3.5wt% manganese, 0.2-3.0wt% silicon, 0.2-3.5wt% nickel, 0.1-1.0wt% lead, 0.1-0.5wt% tin, 0.1-1.0wt% iron, 0.03-0.15wt% arsenic, 0.02-0.2wt% titanium, surplus is zinc and inevitable impurity, and wherein the total amount of inevitable impurity is not more than 0.1wt%.
2. the wear-resisting complex brass of high-strength and high ductility according to claim 1, it is characterized in that its component proportion is: 56-60wt% copper, 0.5-3.5wt% manganese, 0.2-2.0wt% silicon, 0.2-3.5wt% nickel, 0.2-1.0 lead, 0.1-0.5wt% tin, 0.1-0.5wt% iron, 0.03-0.10wt% arsenic, 0.02-0.2wt% titanium, surplus is zinc and inevitable impurity, and wherein the total amount of inevitable impurity is not more than 0.1wt%.
3. the preparation method of the wear-resisting complex brass of high-strength and high ductility, it is characterized in that the copper by 54-62wt%, 0.5-3.5wt% manganese, 0.2-3.0wt% silicon, 0.2-3.5wt% nickel, 0.1-1.0wt% lead, 0.1-0.5wt% tin, 0.1-1.0wt% iron, 0.03-0.15wt% arsenic, 0.02-0.2wt% titanium, surplus is zinc and inevitable impurity, the component proportion that wherein total amount of inevitable impurity is not more than 0.1wt% is by electrolytic copper, copper manganese master alloy, iron silicon alloy, titanium sponge, electrolytic nickel, electrolytic zinc, lead pig, tin slab and metallic arsenic add melting in induction furnace successively, smelting temperature is 1030～1080 DEG C, after whole melting of metal, and insulation 5-30 minute, carry out the casting of copper alloy ingot, 1030～1050 DEG C of pouring temperatures, then copper alloy casting ingot is heated to 550～700 DEG C and carries out hot extrusion, extrusion billet after hot extrusion carries out high temperature annealing at 450～600 DEG C, after work in-process drawn after high temperature annealing, stress relief annealing, aligning, polishing, become finished product.
4. preparation method according to claim 3, it is characterized in that described component proportion is: 56-60wt% copper, 0.5-3.5wt% manganese, 0.2-2.0wt% silicon, 0.2-3.5wt% nickel, 0.2-1.0 lead, 0.1-0.5wt% tin, 0.1-0.5wt% iron, 0.03-0.10wt% arsenic, 0.02-0.2wt% titanium, surplus is zinc and inevitable impurity, and wherein the total amount of inevitable impurity is not more than 0.1wt%.
5. preparation method according to claim 3, is characterized in that in described copper manganese master alloy, manganese content is 15-30wt%.
6. preparation method according to claim 3, is characterized in that iron level 20～40wt% in described iron silicon alloy.
7. preparation method according to claim 3, is characterized in that described high temperature anneal temperature is 500～580 DEG C.
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