CN115198139B - Wear-resistant brass alloy bar and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Wear-resistant brass alloy bar and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/04—Alloys based on copper with zinc as the next major constituent
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wear-resistant brass alloy bar, which is characterized in that: the brass alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 65 to 69 weight percent, si:1.7 to 2.7 weight percent, mn:6.2 to 8.2 weight percent, pb:0.4 to 0.7 weight percent, fe:1.0 to 1.4 weight percent of Al:4.5 to 5.0 weight percent, and the balance of Zn and unavoidable impurities. The phase composition of 'soft matrix + hard particle wear-resistant phase' is formed by adding Si, mn, pb, fe, al into brass and controlling the respective addition amount, and finally, the fine average grain size and fine wear-resistant phase distribution on the soft matrix are realized. The hardness of the wear-resistant brass alloy bar is above 220HV5, the tensile strength is above 650MPa, the elongation is above 10%, and the cutting performance reaches above 80% of HPb 63-3; under the action of 400N, the friction coefficient is below 0.14, and the abrasion loss is 280 multiplied by 10 ‑3 mm 3 In the following, excellent overall properties were obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of copper alloy, and particularly relates to a wear-resistant brass alloy bar and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The wear-resistant brass is mainly characterized in that Sn, al, mn, pb, si and other elements are added into a brass matrix, so that a wear-resistant phase is formed under the condition that the mechanical property or the technological property of the material is basically unchanged, and the wear-resistant brass is mainly formed through solid solution strengthening of alloy elements and dispersion distribution of wear-resistant hard phases, so that the bearing property and the high wear-resistant property of the material are improved, and meanwhile, the alloy has the advantage of being very good in forging and pressing various precise parts, and is widely applied to wear-resistant parts such as bearings, precise gears, gears (worm gears), bearing bushes and shaft sleeves.
At present, the aluminum bronze material can effectively resist the impact and the severe abrasion of the load under the severe working conditions of high speed and heavy load of the automobile shaft sleeve, but the performance still needs to be optimized. The friction coefficient of the currently used aluminum bronze QAl9-4 material is higher, the abrasion loss is larger under the action of 400N and is 340 multiplied by 10 under the action of 400N, and the abrasion loss is 0.18 -3 mm 3 The wear-resistant complex brass has higher requirements on the strength and toughness of an alloy matrix, and the wear-resistant phase with extremely high hardness must be uniformly and stably distributed on the matrix, so that good high-strength and wear-resistant characteristics are obtained, and meanwhile, a stable lubricating layer is also facilitated to be established during friction, so that the wear-resistant complex brass has good application effect under severe working conditions of high speed and heavy load.
Disclosure of Invention
The first technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a wear-resistant brass alloy bar with excellent strength, toughness, cutting performance and wear resistance.
The invention solves the first technical problem by adopting the technical scheme that: the utility model provides a wear-resisting brass alloy rod which characterized in that: the brass alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 65 to 69 weight percent, si:1.7 to 2.7 weight percent, mn:6.2 to 8.2 weight percent, pb:0.4 to 0.7 weight percent, fe:1.0 to 1.4 weight percent of Al:4.5 to 5.0 weight percent, and the balance of Zn and unavoidable impurities.
Preferably, the brass alloy has a phase structure containing an α phase, a β phase, and an abrasion resistant phase, wherein the β phase has an area ratio of 80% or more and the abrasion resistant phase has an area ratio of 2 to 10%. The base phase which takes beta phase as main body has the area ratio of more than 80 percent under the action of silicon, manganese, iron and aluminum, the base phase takes beta phase as main body, and the wear-resistant phase comprises Mn 5 Si 3 Phase, feAl 3 Phases, fe 3 The total mass percentage of the Si phase is within 2-10%, and a small amount of the alpha phase can achieve both hardness and plasticity.
Preferably, the brass alloy has an average grain size of 60 μm or less and an average size of the wear-resistant phase of 2 to 10 μm.
The second technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a preparation method of a wear-resistant brass alloy bar.
The invention solves the second technical problem by adopting the technical proposal that: a preparation method of a wear-resistant brass alloy bar is characterized by comprising the following steps: the preparation method comprises the following preparation steps:
1) Smelting: the smelting temperature is 1050-1100 ℃;
2) Casting: the casting temperature is 1050-1070 ℃, the ingot casting speed is 60-120 mm/min, the primary cooling water inlet temperature is 20-25 ℃, and the primary cooling water pressure is 0.2-0.4 MPa; the secondary cooling water is 310-350 mm away from the outlet of the crystallizer, the water inlet temperature of the secondary cooling water is 20-25 ℃, and the water pressure of the secondary cooling water is 0.2-0.4 MPa;
3) Extruding: performing hot extrusion on the rod blank to obtain an extrusion blank, wherein the extrusion temperature is 650-720 ℃;
4) Stretching: stretching the extruded blank to obtain a bar, wherein the processing rate is 10% -15%;
5) Annealing: annealing the bar, degradation temperature: 400-500 ℃ and annealing time: and 1-5 h.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the phase composition of 'soft matrix + hard particle wear-resistant phase' is formed by adding Si, mn, pb, fe, al into brass and controlling the respective addition amount, the soft matrix takes beta phase as main body, and the wear-resistant phase comprises Mn 5 Si 3 Phase, feAl 3 Phases, fe 3 The Si phase finally realizes that the average grain size is tiny and the wear-resistant phase is tiny and evenly distributed on the soft matrix. The hardness of the wear-resistant brass alloy bar is above 220HV5, the tensile strength is above 650MPa, the elongation is above 10%, and the cutting performance reaches above 70% of HPb 63-3; under the action of 400N, the friction coefficient is below 0.14, and the abrasion loss is 280 multiplied by 10 -3 mm 3 In the following, excellent overall properties were obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph showing a metallographic structure of example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows chips according to example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a photograph showing a metallographic structure of example 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 shows chips according to example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the embodiments of the drawings.
The invention provides 5 examples and 1 comparative example, the specific composition is shown in table 1.
The preparation steps of the wear-resistant brass alloy bar of the example 1 with the specification phi 17mm are as follows:
1) Smelting: the smelting temperature is 1050-1100 ℃;
2) Casting: the casting temperature is 1050-1070 ℃, the ingot casting speed is 100mm/min, the water inlet temperature of primary cooling water is 20-25 ℃, and the water pressure of primary cooling water is 0.2-0.4 MPa; the secondary cooling water is 320mm away from the outlet of the crystallizer, the water inlet temperature of the secondary cooling water is 20-25 ℃, and the water pressure of the secondary cooling water is 0.2-0.4 MPa; setting electromagnetic stirring at a frequency of 20HZ at a distance of 100mm from molten copper; the specification phi of the cast ingot is 145mm,
3) Extruding: and (3) performing hot extrusion on the rod blank to obtain an extrusion blank, wherein the extrusion temperature is 700 ℃, and the extrusion specification phi is 18.5+/-0.2 mm.
4) Stretching: stretching the extruded blank to obtain a bar with the diameter of 18.7mm to 18.3mm;
5) Peeling: the bar is peeled, phi 18.3mm to phi 18mm.
6) Stretching: stretching the bar, wherein phi is 18.0mm, phi is 18.5mm and phi is 17.0mm
7) Annealing: annealing the bar, degradation temperature: 480 ℃, annealing time: 3h.
As can be seen from fig. 1, the wear-resistant brass has a beta phase as a matrix, in which a small amount of alpha phase, wear-resistant phase (Mn 5 Si 3 The phase) is a relatively regular hexagon, and a cavity is formed in the middle of the wear-resistant phase, which is mainly caused by the falling of hard reinforced phase particles.
The preparation steps of the wear-resistant brass alloy bar of the example 2 with the specification phi of 25mm are as follows:
1) Smelting: the smelting temperature is 1050-1100 ℃;
2) Casting: the casting temperature is 1050-1070 ℃, the ingot casting speed is 80mm/min, the water inlet temperature of primary cooling water is 20-25 ℃, and the water pressure of primary cooling water is 0.2-0.4 MPa; the secondary cooling water is 320mm away from the outlet of the crystallizer, the water inlet temperature of the secondary cooling water is 20-25 ℃, and the water pressure of the secondary cooling water is 0.2-0.4 MPa; setting electromagnetic stirring at a frequency of 30HZ at a distance of 200mm from molten copper; the specification phi of the cast ingot is 145mm,
3) Extruding: and (3) performing hot extrusion on the rod blank to obtain an extrusion blank, wherein the extrusion temperature is 700 ℃, and the extrusion specification phi is 26.5+/-0.2 mm.
4) Stretching: stretching the extruded blank to obtain a bar with the diameter of 26.6mm to 26.3mm;
5) Peeling: the bar is peeled, phi 26.3mm to phi 26mm.
6) Stretching: the bar was stretched, phi 26.0mm → phi 25.5mm → 25.0mm.
7) Annealing: annealing the bar, degradation temperature: 480 ℃, annealing time: 3h.
The preparation steps of the wear-resistant brass alloy bar of the example 3 with the specification phi of 30mm are as follows:
1) Smelting: the smelting temperature is 1050-1100 ℃;
2) Casting: the casting temperature is 1050-1070 ℃, the ingot casting speed is 80mm/min, the water inlet temperature of primary cooling water is 20-25 ℃, and the water pressure of primary cooling water is 0.2-0.4 MPa; the secondary cooling water is 330mm away from the outlet of the crystallizer, the water inlet temperature of the secondary cooling water is 20-25 ℃, and the water pressure of the secondary cooling water is 0.2-0.4 MPa; setting electromagnetic stirring at a frequency of 30HZ at a distance of 200mm from molten copper; the specification phi of the cast ingot is 145mm,
3) Extruding: and carrying out hot extrusion on the rod blank to obtain an extrusion blank, wherein the extrusion temperature is 680 ℃, and the extrusion specification phi is 32+/-0.2 mm.
4) Stretching: stretching the extruded blank to obtain a bar with phi of 32.2mm to phi of 31.3mm;
5) Peeling: the bar is peeled, phi 31.3mm to phi 31mm.
6) Stretching: the bar was stretched, phi 31.0mm → phi 30.5mm → 30.0mm.
7) Annealing: annealing the bar, degradation temperature: 500 ℃, annealing time: 3h.
The preparation steps of the wear-resistant brass alloy bar of the example 4 with the specification phi of 40mm are as follows:
1) Smelting: the smelting temperature is 1050-1100 ℃;
2) Casting: the casting temperature is 1050-1070 ℃, the ingot casting speed is 80mm/min, the water inlet temperature of primary cooling water is 20-25 ℃, and the water pressure of primary cooling water is 0.2-0.4 MPa; the secondary cooling water is 310mm away from the outlet of the crystallizer, the water inlet temperature of the secondary cooling water is 20-25 ℃, and the water pressure of the secondary cooling water is 0.2-0.4 MPa; setting electromagnetic stirring at a frequency of 30HZ at a distance of 200mm from molten copper; the specification phi of the cast ingot is 145mm,
3) Extruding: and (3) performing hot extrusion on the rod blank to obtain an extrusion blank, wherein the extrusion temperature is 680 ℃, and the extrusion specification phi is 43+/-0.2 mm.
4) Stretching: stretching the extruded blank to obtain a bar with phi of 43.2 mm-phi of 42.3mm;
5) Peeling: the bar was peeled, phi 42.3mm to phi 42mm.
6) Stretching: the bar was stretched, phi 42.0 mm-phi 41 mm-40 mm.
7) Annealing: annealing the bar, degradation temperature: 480 ℃, annealing time: 3h.
The preparation steps of the wear-resistant brass alloy bar of the example 5 with the specification phi of 50mm are as follows:
1) Smelting: the smelting temperature is 1050-1100 ℃;
2) Casting: the casting temperature is 1050-1070 ℃, the ingot casting speed is 80mm/min, the water inlet temperature of primary cooling water is 20-25 ℃, and the water pressure of primary cooling water is 0.2-0.4 MPa; the secondary cooling water is 320mm away from the outlet of the crystallizer, the water inlet temperature of the secondary cooling water is 20-25 ℃, and the water pressure of the secondary cooling water is 0.2-0.4 MPa; setting electromagnetic stirring at a frequency of 30HZ at a distance of 200mm from molten copper; the specification phi of the cast ingot is 145mm,
3) Extruding: and (3) performing hot extrusion on the rod blank to obtain an extrusion blank, wherein the extrusion temperature is 680 ℃, and the extrusion specification phi is 54+/-0.2 mm.
4) Stretching: stretching the extruded blank to obtain a bar with the diameter of 54.1mm to 53.3mm;
5) Peeling: the bar was peeled, phi 53.3mm to phi 53mm.
6) Stretching: the bar was stretched, phi 53.0 mm-phi 51 mm-50 mm.
7) Annealing: annealing the bar, degradation temperature: 500 ℃, annealing time: 3h.
The comparative example was aluminum bronze QAl9-4, gauge phi 17mm.
The following tests were carried out on the examples and comparative examples obtained:
metallographic structure: reference standard YS/T347-2020 copper and copper alloy average grain size determination method.
Tensile strength: reference standard GB/T228.1-2010 section 1 of metallic material tensile test: room temperature test methods.
Hardness: reference standard GB/T4340.1-1999 "test method for Vickers hardness test of metals section 1".
Surface roughness: a surface roughness measuring instrument is used.
The friction coefficient detection method comprises the following steps: determination of static and dynamic coefficients of friction of paper and cardboard according to GB/T22895-2008, principle of planar method: the test surfaces were put together in planar contact and the contact pressure was applied uniformly. The force (acting force) N required for initial sliding and the force F (dynamic friction force) of relative sliding between the two surfaces, namely, F dynamic friction force=μ friction coefficient N acting force, are recorded, and the friction coefficient can be obtained through the formula.
Abrasion loss: according to the shape of the abrasive spots in the abrasion loss SRV point contact friction abrasion test, considering the abrasion of the even ball piece (GCr 15 steel ball), and comprehensively obtaining an abrasion volume calculation formula:
V＝Πh(3d q d s +4h 2 )/24；
wherein: ds-plaque width in the jog direction, dq-plaque width in the perpendicular jog direction, h-depth of wear.
TABLE 1 Components of examples and comparative examples of the present invention
TABLE 2 microstructure of examples of the invention
TABLE 3 Properties of examples and comparative examples of the invention
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a wear-resisting brass alloy rod which characterized in that: the brass alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 65 to 69 weight percent, si:1.7 to 2.7 weight percent, mn:6.2 to 8.2 weight percent, pb:0.4 to 0.7 weight percent, fe:1.0 to 1.4 weight percent of Al:4.5 to 5.0 weight percent, and the balance of Zn and unavoidable impurities; the phase structure of the brass alloy contains an alpha phase, a beta phase and a wear-resistant phase, wherein the wear-resistant phase comprises Mn 5 Si 3 Phase, feAl 3 Phases, fe 3 Si phase, wherein the area ratio of beta phase is more than 80%, and the area ratio of wear-resistant phase is 2-10%; the average grain size of the brass alloy is below 60 mu m, and the average size of the wear-resistant phase is 2-10 mu m.
2. The wear resistant brass alloy bar of claim 1, wherein: the hardness of the brass is above 220HV5, the tensile strength is above 650MPa, and the elongation is above 10%.
3. A method of producing a wear resistant brass alloy bar as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the preparation method comprises the following preparation steps:
1) Smelting: the smelting temperature is 1050-1100 ℃;
2) Casting: the casting temperature is 1050-1070 ℃, the ingot casting speed is 60-120 mm/min, the primary cooling water inlet temperature is 20-25 ℃, and the primary cooling water pressure is 0.2-0.4 MPa; the secondary cooling water is 310-350 mm away from the outlet of the crystallizer, the water inlet temperature of the secondary cooling water is 20-25 ℃, and the water pressure of the secondary cooling water is 0.2-0.4 MPa;
3) Extruding: performing hot extrusion on the rod blank to obtain an extrusion blank, wherein the extrusion temperature is 650-720 ℃;
4) Stretching: stretching the extruded blank to obtain a bar, wherein the processing rate is 10% -15%;
5) Annealing: annealing the bar at the temperature: 400-500 ℃ and annealing time: and 1-5 h.
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