CN102676887B - Aluminum alloy for compression casting and casting of aluminum alloy - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy for compression casting and casting of aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides aluminum alloy for compression casting and a high-toughness aluminum alloy casting formed of the alloy through compression casting. The aluminum alloy has the advantages of superior yield strength and extensibility, low probability of sintering and superior thermal conductivity. The aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 5.5-11.0 percent of Si, 0.3-0.7 percent of Mg, 0.05-0.3 percent of Cu, 0.2-0.8 percent of Fe, 0.2-0.5 percent of Mn, 0.05-0.3 percent of Ti, 0.05-0.1 percent of Cr, 0.05-0.3 percent of V and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities. The aluminum alloy for compression casting and the casting of the aluminum alloy provided by the invention have the advantages of high yield strength and extensibility, superior thermal conductivity and low probability of sintering.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the foundry goods of a kind of compression casting aluminium alloy and this aluminium alloy, relate in particular to a kind of yield strength and unit elongation are high, heat conductivity is excellent compression casting aluminium alloy and the foundry goods of this aluminium alloy.
Background technology
Aluminium alloy is the alloy general name take aluminium as base.Main alloy element has copper, silicon, magnesium, zinc, manganese, and less important alloying element has nickel, iron, titanium, chromium, lithium etc.Aluminium alloy is a most widely used class non-ferrous metal structured material in industry, lightweight, and has many characteristics such as excellent thermal conductivity and high erosion resistance, in Aeronautics and Astronautics, automobile, machinofacture, boats and ships and chemical industry, widely applies.
Aluminium alloy can be divided into Behaviors of Deformed Aluminum Alloys and the large class of cast aluminium alloy two by working method.Wherein cast aluminium alloy according to chemical composition can be divided into aluminum silicon alloy, aluminum-copper alloy, aluminum magnesium alloy, aluminium-zinc alloy and Al rare earth alloy, wherein aluminum silicon alloy has again the simple aluminum silicon alloy (can not heat treatment reinforcement, mechanical property is lower, good casting property), (heat-treatable strengthened, mechanical property is higher for special aluminum silicon alloy, castability is good), cast aluminium alloy: use under as cast condition.
Pressure die casting is called for short die casting, is that one is poured molten alloy liquid in pressure chamber into, with the die cavity of high speed filling steel die, and makes aluminium alloy at Under Pressure Solidification, form the castmethod of foundry goods.The principal feature that die casting is different from other castmethod is high pressure and high speed.
Aluminium diecasting alloy field, as its representative, having the A1-Si-Cu that the ADC10 that stipulates in the JIS H5302 of Japanese Industrial Standards or ADC 12 are representative is alloy for die casting.This Al-Si-Cu is in the cast component beyond the purposes such as the lid classes such as the alloy for die casting carburettor that is used for automobile, cylinder body, cylinder head and shell class or automobile, die-cast part particularly.Due to the extensive use of aluminium diecasting alloy, to the research of aluminium diecasting alloy, be also an important problem.
CN 102301021A discloses a kind of yield strength and unit elongation excellence, and easy-sintering not, replaces compression casting aluminium alloy that ADC 10 and ADC 12 obtain and the high toughness Al-alloy foundry goods with this alloy compression casting.It is characterized in that, this aluminium alloy contains: Si:4.0～9.0 % by weight, Mg:0.5～1.0 % by weight, Fe:0.55 % by weight are following, Mn:0.30～0.6 % by weight and Cr:0.10～0.25 % by weight, and surplus comprises Al and inevitable impurity.
CN 101248200A discloses a kind of cast aluminium alloy that comprises at least following 5 kinds of alloying constituents: Si:2.5 % by weight to 3.3 % by weight, preferably 2.7 % by weight to 3.1 % by weight; Mg:0.2 % by weight to 0.7 % by weight, preferably 0.3 % by weight to 0.6 % by weight; Fe:< 0.18 % by weight, preferably 0.05 % by weight to 0.16 % by weight; Mn:< 0.5 % by weight, preferably 0.05 % by weight to 0.4 % by weight; Ti:< 0.1 % by weight, preferably 0.01 % by weight to 0.08 % by weight; Sr:< 0.03 % by weight, preferably 0.01 % by weight to 0.03 % by weight; Other: < 0.1 % by weight; Under above-mentioned condition, surplus is Al, and making summation is 100 % by weight.
Casting aluminum alloy yield strength and unit elongation that CN 102301021A and CN 101248200A provide are better, but electroconductibility is poor, are difficult to meet the user demand that requires high material for yield strength, unit elongation and electroconductibility.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of yield strength and unit elongation excellence, not easy-sintering, and the high aluminum alloy casting of toughness that forms with aluminium alloy with by this alloy compression casting of the compression casting of heat conductivity excellence.
Compression casting aluminium alloy provided by the present invention, contain: Si:5.5～11.0 % by weight, Mg:0.3～0.7 % by weight, Cu:0.05 ~ 0.3 % by weight, Fe:0.2 % by weight are following, Mn:0.2～0.5 % by weight, Ti:0.05 ~ 0.3 % by weight, Cr:0.05～0.1 % by weight, V:0.05 ~ 0.3 % by weight, surplus comprises Al and inevitable impurity.
As optimal technical scheme, compression casting aluminium alloy provided by the present invention, contain: Si:7.0～9.0 % by weight, Mg:0.4～0.6 % by weight, Cu:0.1 ~ 0.2 % by weight, Fe:0.1 % by weight are following, Mn:0.3～0.4 % by weight, Ti:0.1 ~ 0.2 % by weight, Cr:0.05～0.1 % by weight, V:0.05 ~ 0.2 % by weight, surplus comprises Al and inevitable impurity.
Si is for will improve its mobility during compression casting after aluminium alloy melting.Si is 5.5～11.0 % by weight with respect to the mixing ratio of the weight of aluminium alloy entirety.In the case of mixing ratio less than 5.5 % by weight of Si, melt temperature and the casting temp of aluminium alloy uprise, simultaneously, mobility during aluminium alloy melting declines, and therefore, can not guarantee sufficient liquation mobility when compression casting, otherwise, the mixing ratio of Si is greater than in the situation of 11.0 % by weight, although mobility during aluminium alloy melting is abundant, unit elongation reduces.Be preferably the scope of 7.0～9.0 % by weight.
Main using the state of solid solution or as Mg in the Al mother metal of Mg (magnesium) in aluminium alloy
2si and existing, for giving aluminium alloy yield strength and tensile strength.Mg is 0.3～0.7 % by weight with respect to the mixing ratio of the weight of aluminium alloy entirety.In the situation of mixing ratio less than 0.30 % by weight of Mg, can not fully guarantee the raising of the such mechanical characteristics of yield strength and tensile strength, otherwise the mixing ratio of Mg is greater than in the situation of 0.7 % by weight, unit elongation and the specific conductivity of aluminium alloy decline rapidly.Be preferably the scope of 0.4～0.6 % by weight
The existence of Cu (copper) can make the specific conductivity of alloy remain on a higher level, and Cu is 0.05 ~ 0.3 % by weight with respect to the mixing ratio of the weight of aluminium alloy entirety.Cu when quantity not sufficient 0.05 % by weight, the electroconductibility of alloy can not have clear improvement, when the content of Cu is greater than 0.3 % by weight, makes the lattice of aluminum substrate occur compared with large distortion, to affect the motion of the unbound electron in matrix, thereby cause the specific conductivity of alloy also can decline.Adding of Cu makes aluminum alloy casting guarantee that under the prerequisite of higher force performance, specific conductivity also reaches higher standard.Cu content is preferably the scope of 0.1 ~ 0.2 % by weight.
Fe (iron) has the effect of the sintering while preventing compression casting, and Fe is below 0.2 % by weight with respect to the mixing ratio of the weight of aluminium alloy entirety.For the toughness drop of the aluminium alloy that prevents from being caused by Fe, the content of Fe is suppressed at below 0.2 % by weight, preferably below 0.1 % by weight, on the other hand, Mn and the Cr that coordinates specified amount as anti-agglomerated material as described below, the generation of sintering while preventing compression casting, makes alloy have higher room temperature and high-temperature mechanical property.
The sintering of aluminium alloy and model when Mn (manganese) is also mainly used in preventing from casting.Mn is 0.2～0.5 % by weight with respect to the mixing ratio of the weight of aluminium alloy entirety.In the situation of mixing ratio less than 0.2 % by weight of Mn, when cast aluminium alloy, between aluminium alloy and model, can there is sintering, otherwise, the mixing ratio of Mn is greater than in the situation of 0.5 % by weight, although there will not be the problem of sintering during casting, the unit elongation of alloy reduces.Be preferably 0.3～0.4 % by weight.
Ti (titanium) can make the crystal grain miniaturization of aluminium alloy, improves the unit elongation of this alloy.In addition, particularly at Si, measure few in the situation that and use the slow castmethod of speed of cooling this effect remarkable.Ti is 0.05 ~ 0.3 % by weight with respect to the adding proportion of the weight of aluminium alloy entirety.Adding proportion less than 0.05 % by weight of Ti, is difficult to the crystal grain miniaturization in aluminium alloy, otherwise, the adding proportion of Ti is greater than 0.30 % by weight, the abundant miniaturization of crystal grain in aluminium alloy, even if more than level increase addition at this, additive effect also can not improve again.The adding proportion of Ti is preferably 0.1 ~ 0.2 % by weight.
Cr (chromium) mainly exists with molten state when aluminium alloy melting, in addition, when solid using Al mutually in solid solution state or as Cr based compound and the state of crystallization exists, the sintering of aluminium alloy and model when preventing aluminium alloy casting.Cr is 0.05～0.1 % by weight with respect to the mixing ratio of the weight of aluminium alloy entirety.In the situation of mixing ratio less than 0.05 % by weight of Cr, when compression casting aluminium alloy, between aluminium alloy and model, can there is sintering, otherwise, the mixing ratio of Cr is greater than in the situation of 0.1 % by weight, although there will not be the problem of sintering during compression casting, the unit elongation of aluminium alloy sharply declines.Be preferably 0.05～0.1 % by weight.
V(vanadium) interpolation can further improve melting or the sintering character of alloy, can inhibiting grain growth, obtain evenly tiny grain structure, to reduce alloy fragility, improve the comprehensive mechanical property of alloy.V is 0.05 ~ 0.3 % by weight with respect to the mixing ratio of the weight of aluminium alloy entirety.Adding proportion less than 0.05 % by weight of V, is difficult to the crystal grain miniaturization in aluminium alloy, otherwise the adding proportion of V is greater than 0.3 % by weight, the abundant miniaturization of crystal grain in aluminium alloy, even if more than level increase addition at this, additive effect also can not improve again.The adding proportion of V is preferably 0.05 ~ 0.2 % by weight.
According to above mixing ratio, adjust the mixing ratio of Si, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ti, V and Cr, the sintering that can prevent aluminium alloy and model when compression casting, meanwhile, can obtain having the compression casting aluminum alloy casting of excellent yield strength, unit elongation and electroconductibility.
In the present invention, owing to being combined with the Si of 5.5～11.0 % by weight, therefore can be when suppressing unit elongation decline, improve the mobility of molten aluminium alloy, in addition, owing to being combined with the Mg of 0.3～0.7 % by weight, therefore can be when suppressing unit elongation decline, the yield strength that improves aluminium alloy, owing to being combined with the Cu of 0.05 ~ 0.3 % by weight, has improved the electroconductibility of alloy.In addition, owing to Fe being controlled at below 0.2 % by weight, the toughness of the aluminium alloy that the crystallization of the needle-like crystal that therefore can suppress to consist of Al-Si-Fe causes declines, in addition, owing to having coordinated the Mn of 0.2～0.5 % by weight, therefore the sintering in the time of can preventing from casting between aluminium alloy and model, thus castibility can be improved.And, owing to having coordinated the Cr of 0.05～0.1 % by weight, therefore can be when suppressing unit elongation decline, the sintering of aluminium alloy and model while preventing from casting.And owing to having coordinated the Ti of 0.05 ~ 0.3 % by weight and the V of 0.05 ~ 0.3 % by weight, inhibiting grain growth, obtains evenly tiny grain structure, has improved sintering character and the unit elongation of alloy.
The present invention, by 9 kinds of elemental compositions ratio is in accordance with regulations coordinated, just can produce yield strength, unit elongation and specific conductivity excellence, is difficult for sintering occurs, and has the ingot casting of aluminium alloy for the compression casting of good Mechanical Processability.
As optimal technical scheme, compression casting aluminium alloy provided by the present invention, adds the Sr of 0.01 ~ 0.1 % by weight, preferably 0.01 ~ 0.05 % by weight.Sr (strontium) is as improved treatment Material Addition.By adding such improved treatment material, can, by the particle refinement of eutectic Si, can further improve toughness and the intensity of aluminium alloy.
As optimal technical scheme, compression casting aluminium alloy provided by the present invention, adds the Sb of 0.05～0.20 % by weight, preferably 0.1～0.2 % by weight.Being added with to be beneficial to of Sb put forward heavy alloyed tensile strength.
As optimal technical scheme, compression casting aluminium alloy provided by the present invention, adds the Ni of 0.001 ~ 0.02 % by weight.Being added with of Ni is beneficial to the mobility that improves aluminium alloy, improves the high-temperature behavior of alloy.
The present invention also aims to provide a kind of cast member, by aluminium alloy compression casting of the present invention, formed.The foundry goods (for example die-cast part) being formed by aluminium alloy compression casting of the present invention, castibility is good, can produce in a large number, simultaneously yield strength, unit elongation and specific conductivity excellence.
While manufacturing aluminium alloy of the present invention, first, prepare the raw material that each elemental composition of Al, Si, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ti, V and Cr is coordinated in the ratio of afore mentioned rules.Then, this raw material is dropped in the smelting furnace such as smelting furnace with forehearth or airtight smelting furnace, make their fusings.For the raw material after fusing, be molten aluminium alloy, implement as required dehydrogenation processing and take off the refinement treatment such as Control of inclusions.Then, refining liquation is poured in the casting mold of regulation, it is solidified, thus, the liquation of aluminium alloy is configured as to alloy cast ingot etc.
The aluminum alloy casting of the high tenacity that compression casting provided by the present invention forms with aluminium alloy with by this alloy compression casting not only has higher yield strength and unit elongation, and has excellent specific conductivity, not easy-sintering.
While in addition, using aluminium alloy casting aluminum alloy casting of the present invention (casting piece), can use the pressure casting methods such as casting die.By using such pressure casting method, a large amount of production casting pieces efficiently.
In addition, the aluminum alloy casting making by these castings, implements solution treatment and ageing treatment etc. as required.Like this, by aluminum alloy casting is implemented to solution treatment and ageing treatment, mechanical characteristics that can improved aluminum alloy foundry goods.
Embodiment
For ease of understanding the present invention, it is as follows that the present invention enumerates embodiment.Those skilled in the art should understand, described embodiment only, for helping to understand the present invention, should not be considered as concrete restriction of the present invention.
Below, enumerate embodiment and illustrate the present invention, but the invention is not restricted to embodiment.In addition, each mechanical characteristics (tensile strength, unit elongation, 0.2% yield strength) in embodiment and comparative example is measured by the universal testing machine (AG IS 100kN) of society of (strain) Shimadzu Seisakusho Ltd. system, electroconductibility is undertaken by GB/T 8754 methods involvings, measures the electroconductibility of ingot casting on different measurement point M1, M2.
Embodiment 1
Si:5.5 % by weight, Mg:0.3 % by weight, Cu:0.05 % by weight, Fe:0.2 % by weight, Mn:0.2 % by weight, Ti:0.3 % by weight, Cr:0.1 % by weight, V:0.3 % by weight, surplus comprises Al and inevitable impurity.According to preparation method provided by the present invention, make aluminium alloy cast ingot.
Embodiment 2
Si:11.0 % by weight, Mg:0.7 % by weight, Cu:0.3 % by weight, Fe:0.1 % by weight, Mn:0.5 % by weight, Ti:0.05 % by weight, Cr:0.05 % by weight, V:0.05 % by weight, Sr:0.01 % by weight, surplus comprises Al and inevitable impurity.According to preparation method provided by the present invention, make aluminium alloy cast ingot.
Embodiment 3
Si:9.0 % by weight, Mg:0.6 % by weight, Cu:0.2 % by weight, Fe:0.1 % by weight, Mn:0.4 % by weight, Ti:0.1 % by weight, Cr:0.05 % by weight, V:0.05 % by weight, Sr:0.1 % by weight, Sb:0.050 % by weight, surplus comprises Al and inevitable impurity.According to preparation method provided by the present invention, make aluminium alloy cast ingot.
Embodiment 4
Si:8.0 % by weight, Mg:0.5 % by weight, Cu:0.15 % by weight, Fe:0.05 % by weight, Mn:0.35 % by weight, Ti:0.12 % by weight, Cr:0.07 % by weight, V:0.15 % by weight, Sb:0.10 % by weight, Ni:0.005 % by weight, surplus comprises Al and inevitable impurity.According to preparation method provided by the present invention, make aluminium alloy cast ingot.
Embodiment 5
Si:7.0 % by weight, Mg:0.4 % by weight, Cu:0.1 % by weight, Fe:0.02 % by weight are following, Mn:0.3 % by weight, Ti:0.2 % by weight, Cr:0.1 % by weight, V:0.2 % by weight, Sr:0.05 % by weight, Sb:0.20 % by weight, Ni:0.001 % by weight, and surplus comprises Al and inevitable impurity.According to preparation method provided by the present invention, make aluminium alloy cast ingot.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1,2,3 is respectively embodiment in CN 102301021A 1,3,8.
The mechanical characteristics of the aluminium alloy cast ingot that the aluminium alloy cast ingot that embodiments of the invention 1 ~ 5 obtain and comparative example 1 ~ 3 obtain is as shown in table 1.
Table 1
As can be seen from Table 1, aluminium alloy provided by the present invention not only there is higher yield strength and unit elongation, and there is excellent specific conductivity.
Applicant's statement, the present invention illustrates detailed process equipment and process flow process of the present invention by above-described embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned detailed process equipment and process flow process, do not mean that the present invention must rely on above-mentioned detailed process equipment and process flow process and could implement.Person of ordinary skill in the field should understand, any improvement in the present invention, and the selections of the equivalence replacement to the each raw material of product of the present invention and the interpolation of ancillary component, concrete mode etc., within all dropping on protection scope of the present invention and open scope.
Claims (8)
1. a compression casting aluminium alloy, it is characterized in that, contain: Si:5.5～11.0 % by weight, Mg:0.3～0.7 % by weight, Cu:0.05～0.3 % by weight, Fe:0.2 % by weight are following, Mn:0.2～0.5 % by weight, Ti:0.05～0.3 % by weight, Cr:0.05～0.07 % by weight, V:0.05～0.3 % by weight, surplus comprises Al and inevitable impurity.
2. aluminium alloy according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, contain: Si:7.0～9.0 % by weight, Mg:0.4～0.6 % by weight, Cu:0.1～0.2 % by weight, Fe:0.1 % by weight are following, Mn:0.3～0.4 % by weight, Ti:0.1～0.2 % by weight, Cr:0.05～0.07 % by weight, V:0.05～0.2 % by weight, surplus comprises Al and inevitable impurity.
3. aluminium alloy according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, adds the Sr of 0.01～0.1 % by weight.
4. aluminium alloy according to claim 3, is characterized in that, adds the Sr of 0.01～0.05 % by weight.
5. aluminium alloy according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, adds the Sb of 0.05～0.20 % by weight.
6. aluminium alloy according to claim 5, is characterized in that, adds the Sb of 0.1～0.2 % by weight.
7. aluminium alloy according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, adds the Ni of 0.001～0.02 % by weight.
8. an aluminum alloy casting, is characterized in that, it is formed by the aluminium alloy compression casting described in any one in claim 1～7.
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