CN102676887A - Aluminum alloy for compression casting and casting of aluminum alloy - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy for compression casting and casting of aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides aluminum alloy for compression casting and a high-toughness aluminum alloy casting formed of the alloy through compression casting. The aluminum alloy has the advantages of superior yield strength and extensibility, low probability of sintering and superior thermal conductivity. The aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 5.5-11.0 percent of Si, 0.3-0.7 percent of Mg, 0.05-0.3 percent of Cu, 0.2-0.8 percent of Fe, 0.2-0.5 percent of Mn, 0.05-0.3 percent of Ti, 0.05-0.1 percent of Cr, 0.05-0.3 percent of V and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities. The aluminum alloy for compression casting and the casting of the aluminum alloy provided by the invention have the advantages of high yield strength and extensibility, superior thermal conductivity and low probability of sintering.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the foundry goods of a kind of compression casting, relate in particular to a kind of ys and unit elongation are high, heat conductivity is excellent compression casting foundry goods with duraluminum and this duraluminum with duraluminum and this duraluminum.
Background technology
Duraluminum is to be the alloy general name of base with aluminium.Main alloy element has copper, silicon, magnesium, zinc, manganese, and less important alloying element has nickel, iron, titanium, chromium, lithium etc.Duraluminum is most widely used one type of non-ferrous metal structured material in the industry, and is in light weight, and has excellent thermal conductivity and high many characteristics such as erosion resistance, in Aeronautics and Astronautics, automobile, machinofacture, boats and ships and chemical industry, widely applies.
Duraluminum can be divided into Deformed Aluminum alloy and y alloy y two big classes by working method.Wherein y alloy y according to chemical composition can be divided into aluminum silicon alloy, aluminum-copper alloy, aluminum magnesium alloy; Aluminium-zinc alloy and Al rare earth alloy, wherein aluminum silicon alloy have again simple aluminum silicon alloy (can not heat treatment reinforcement, mechanical property is lower; Good casting property), (heat-treatable strengthened, mechanical property is higher for special aluminum silicon alloy; Castability is good), y alloy y: under as cast condition, use.
Pressure die casting is called for short die casting, is that a kind of molten alloy liquid is poured into pressed indoorly, with the die cavity of high speed filling steel die, and alloy liquid is solidified under pressure and forms the castmethod of foundry goods.The principal feature that die casting is different from other castmethod is high pressure and high speed.
The aluminium diecasting alloy field, as its representative, it is alloy for die casting for the A1-Si-Cu of representative that the ADC10 or the ADC 12 that stipulate among the JIS H5302 of JIS are arranged.This Al-Si-Cu is in purposes such as lids such as the alloy for die casting carburettor that is used for automobile, cylinder body, cylinder head type and shell class or the cast component beyond the automobile more, die-cast part particularly.Because the extensive use of aluminium diecasting alloy, also be an important problem to the research of aluminium diecasting alloy.
It is excellent that CN 102301021A discloses a kind of ys and unit elongation, and easy-sintering not, replaces compression casting that ADC 10 and ADC 12 obtain with duraluminum with the high toughness Al-alloy foundry goods of this alloy compression casting.It is characterized in that this duraluminum contains: below the Si:4.0～9.0 weight %, Mg:0.5～1.0 weight %, Fe:0.55 weight %, Mn:0.30～0.6 weight % and Cr:0.10～0.25 weight %, surplus comprises Al and unavoidable impurities.
CN 101248200A discloses a kind of y alloy y that comprises following at least 5 kinds of alloying constituents: Si:2.5 weight % to 3.3 weight %, preferred 2.7 weight % to 3.1 weight %; Mg:0.2 weight % to 0.7 weight %, preferred 0.3 weight % to 0.6 weight %; Fe:＜0.18 weight %, preferred 0.05 weight % to 0.16 weight %; Mn:＜0.5 weight %, preferred 0.05 weight % to 0.4 weight %; Ti:＜0.1 weight %, preferred 0.01 weight % to 0.08 weight %; Sr:＜0.03 weight %, preferred 0.01 weight % to 0.03 weight %; Other:＜0.1 weight %; Under the above-mentioned condition, surplus is Al, and making summation is 100 weight %.
Casting aluminum alloy ys and unit elongation that CN 102301021A and CN 101248200A are provided are better, but electroconductibility is relatively poor, are difficult to satisfy the user demand for ys, unit elongation and the demanding material of electroconductibility.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of ys and unit elongation excellent, the excellent compression casting of not easy-sintering, and heat conductivity is with duraluminum and the high aluminum alloy casting of toughness that formed by this alloy compression casting.
Compression casting provided by the present invention is used duraluminum; Contain: below the Si:5.5～11.0 weight %, Mg:0.3～0.7 weight %, Cu:0.05 ~ 0.3 weight %, Fe:0.2 weight %, Mn:0.2～0.5 weight %, Ti:0.05 ~ 0.3 weight %, Cr:0.05～0.1 weight %, V:0.05 ~ 0.3 weight %, surplus comprises Al and unavoidable impurities.
As optimal technical scheme; Compression casting provided by the present invention is used duraluminum; Contain: below the Si:7.0～9.0 weight %, Mg:0.4～0.6 weight %, Cu:0.1 ~ 0.2 weight %, Fe:0.1 weight %, Mn:0.3～0.4 weight %, Ti:0.1 ~ 0.2 weight %, Cr:0.05～0.1 weight %, V:0.05 ~ 0.2 weight %, surplus comprises Al and unavoidable impurities.
Si improves its flowability when being used for after with the duraluminum fusion compression casting.The cooperation ratio of the weight that Si is whole with respect to duraluminum is 5.5～11.0 weight %.Under the situation of the cooperation ratio less than 5.5 weight % of Si, the melt temperature and the casting temp of duraluminum uprise, simultaneously; Flowability during the duraluminum fusion descends, and therefore, can not guarantee that when compression casting sufficient liquation is mobile; Otherwise; Under the situation of cooperation ratio greater than 11.0 weight % of Si, though fully mobile during the duraluminum fusion, unit elongation reduces.Be preferably the scope of 7.0～9.0 weight %.
Main in the Al mother metal of Mg (magnesium) in duraluminum with the state of solid solution or as Mg
2Si and existing is used to give duraluminum ys and tensile strength.The cooperation ratio of the weight that Mg is whole with respect to duraluminum is 0.3～0.7 weight %.Under the situation of the cooperation ratio less than 0.30 weight % of Mg, can not fully guarantee the raising of the mechanical characteristics that ys and tensile strength are such, otherwise under the situation of cooperation ratio greater than 0.7 weight % of Mg, the unit elongation and the specific conductivity of duraluminum descend rapidly.Be preferably the scope of 0.4～0.6 weight %
The existence of Cu (copper) can make the specific conductivity of alloy remain on one than higher level, and the cooperation ratio of the weight that Cu is whole with respect to duraluminum is 0.05 ~ 0.3 weight %.Cu contain quantity not sufficient 0.05 weight % the time; The electroconductibility of alloy can not have clear improvement; When the content of Cu during, make the lattice of aluminum substrate that bigger distortion take place and influence the motion of the unbound electron in the matrix, thereby cause the specific conductivity of alloy also can descend greater than 0.3 weight %.The adding of Cu makes aluminum alloy casting guarantee that under the prerequisite of higher mechanical property, specific conductivity also reaches higher standard.Cu content is preferably the scope of 0.1 ~ 0.2 weight %.
Fe (iron) has the agglomerating effect when preventing compression casting, and the cooperation ratio of the weight that Fe is whole with respect to duraluminum is below the 0.2 weight %.For the toughness of the duraluminum that prevents to be caused by Fe reduces; The content of Fe is suppressed at below the 0.2 weight %; Below the preferred 0.1 weight %, on the other hand, being described below cooperates the Mn and the Cr of specified amount as anti-agglomerated material; Agglomerating takes place when preventing compression casting, makes alloy have higher room temperature and high-temperature mechanical property.
Mn (manganese) also is mainly used in the sintering of duraluminum and model when preventing to cast.The cooperation ratio of the weight that Mn is whole with respect to duraluminum is 0.2～0.5 weight %.Under the situation of the cooperation ratio less than 0.2 weight % of Mn, when y alloy y, between duraluminum and the model sintering can take place; Otherwise; Under the situation of cooperation ratio greater than 0.5 weight % of Mn, though the agglomerating problem can not occur during casting, the unit elongation of alloy reduces.Be preferably 0.3～0.4 weight %.
Ti (titanium) can make grain refinement of Aluminum alloys, improves the unit elongation of this alloy.In addition, particularly under the few situation of Si amount and use under the situation of the slow castmethod of speed of cooling this effect remarkable.The adding proportion of the weight that Ti is whole with respect to duraluminum is 0.05 ~ 0.3 weight %.The adding proportion less than 0.05 weight % of Ti is difficult to the crystal grain miniaturization in the duraluminum, otherwise; The adding proportion of Ti is greater than 0.30 weight %; The abundant miniaturization of crystal grain in the duraluminum, even increase addition more than the level again at this, additive effect can not improve yet.The adding proportion of Ti is preferably 0.1 ~ 0.2 weight %.
Cr (chromium) mainly exists with molten state when the duraluminum fusion, in addition, when solid with Al mutually in solid solution state or as the Cr based compound and the crystalline state exists, the sintering of duraluminum and model when being used to prevent aluminium alloy casting.The cooperation ratio of the weight that Cr is whole with respect to duraluminum is 0.05～0.1 weight %.Under the situation of the cooperation ratio less than 0.05 weight % of Cr; When the compression casting duraluminum; Sintering can take place between duraluminum and the model, otherwise, under the situation of cooperation ratio of Cr greater than 0.1 weight %; Though the agglomerating problem can not occur during compression casting, the unit elongation of duraluminum sharply descends.Be preferably 0.05～0.1 weight %.
The interpolation of V (vanadium) can further improve the melting or the sintering character of alloy, can suppress grain growth, obtains evenly tiny grain structure, to reduce alloy fragility, improves the comprehensive mechanical property of alloy.The cooperation ratio of the weight that V is whole with respect to duraluminum is 0.05 ~ 0.3 weight %.The adding proportion less than 0.05 weight % of V is difficult to the crystal grain miniaturization in the duraluminum, otherwise the adding proportion of V is greater than 0.3 weight %, the abundant miniaturization of the crystal grain in the duraluminum, even increase addition more than the level again at this, additive effect can not improve yet.The adding proportion of V is preferably 0.05 ~ 0.2 weight %.
According to above cooperation ratio; The cooperation ratio of adjustment Si, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ti, V and Cr; Then can prevent the sintering of duraluminum and model when compression casting, simultaneously, the compression casting that can obtain having excellent ys, unit elongation and electroconductibility is used aluminum alloy casting.
In the present invention, owing to be combined with the Si of 5.5～11.0 weight %, therefore can be when suppressing unit elongation decline; Improve the flowability of molten aluminium alloy, in addition, owing to be combined with the Mg of 0.3～0.7 weight %; Therefore can be when suppressing unit elongation decline; Improve the ys of duraluminum,, improved the electroconductibility of alloy owing to be combined with the Cu of 0.05 ~ 0.3 weight %.In addition; Because Fe is controlled at below the 0.2 weight %; The toughness of the duraluminum that the crystallization of the needle-like crystal that therefore can suppress to be made up of Al-Si-Fe causes descends, in addition, owing to cooperated the Mn of 0.2～0.5 weight %; Therefore the sintering in the time of can preventing to cast between duraluminum and the model, thus castibility can be improved.And, owing to cooperated the Cr of 0.05～0.1 weight %, and therefore can be when suppressing unit elongation decline, the sintering of duraluminum and model when preventing to cast.And, suppress grain growth owing to cooperated the Ti of 0.05 ~ 0.3 weight % and the V of 0.05 ~ 0.3 weight %, and obtain evenly tiny grain structure, improved the sintering character and the unit elongation of alloy.
The present invention is through cooperating the ratio of 9 kinds of elemental compositions in regulation, and it is excellent just can to produce ys, unit elongation and specific conductivity, is difficult for the generation sintering, has the ingot casting of the compression casting of mechanics processing characteristics preferably with duraluminum.
As optimal technical scheme, compression casting provided by the present invention is used duraluminum, adds the Sr of 0.01 ~ 0.1 weight %, preferred 0.01 ~ 0.05 weight %.Sr (strontium) adds as the improved treatment material.Through adding such improved treatment material, can the particle refinement of eutectic Si can further be improved the toughness and the intensity of duraluminum.
As optimal technical scheme, compression casting provided by the present invention is used duraluminum, adds the Sb of 0.05～0.20 weight %, preferred 0.1～0.2 weight %.Being added with of Sb is beneficial to the raising tensile strength of alloys.
As optimal technical scheme, compression casting provided by the present invention is used duraluminum, adds the Ni of 0.001 ~ 0.02 weight %.Being added with of Ni is beneficial to the flowability that improves duraluminum, improves the high-temperature behavior of alloy.
The present invention also aims to provide a kind of cast member, form by duraluminum compression casting of the present invention.By the foundry goods (for example die-cast part) that duraluminum compression casting of the present invention forms, castibility is good, can mass production, ys, unit elongation and specific conductivity excellence simultaneously.
When making duraluminum of the present invention, at first, prepare the raw material that each elemental composition with Al, Si, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ti, V and Cr cooperates in the ratio of afore mentioned rules.Then, in smelting furnace such as the smelting furnace of this raw material input band forehearth or airtight smelting furnace, make their fusings.Raw material for after the fusing is a molten aluminium alloy, implements dehydrogenation as required and handles and take off refinement treatment such as inclusion processing.Then, the purified liquation is poured in the casting mold of regulation, makes its curing, thus, the liquation of duraluminum is configured as alloy cast ingot etc.
The aluminum alloy casting of the H.T. that compression casting provided by the present invention forms with duraluminum with by this alloy compression casting not only has higher yield strength and unit elongation, and has excellent specific conductivity, not easy-sintering.
Can use pressure casting methods such as casting die when in addition, using aluminium alloy casting aluminum alloy casting of the present invention (casting article).Through using such pressure casting method, the article of mass production casting efficiently.
In addition, through the aluminum alloy casting that these castings make, implement solution treatment and timeliness processing etc. as required.Like this, handle mechanical characteristics that can the improved aluminum alloy foundry goods through aluminum alloy casting being implemented solution treatment and timeliness.
Embodiment
For ease of understanding the present invention, it is following that the present invention enumerates embodiment.Those skilled in the art should understand, and said embodiment only is used for helping to understand the present invention, should not be regarded as concrete restriction of the present invention.
Below, enumerate embodiment and specify the present invention, but the invention is not restricted to embodiment.In addition; Each mechanical characteristics in embodiment and the comparative example (tensile strength, unit elongation, 0.2% ys) is measured through the universal testing machine (AG IS 100kN) of society of (strain) Shimadzu Seisakusho Ltd. system; Electroconductibility is undertaken by GB/T 8754 method involvings, in the electroconductibility of the last measurement of different MP M1, M2 ingot casting.
Embodiment 1
Si:5.5 weight %, Mg:0.3 weight %, Cu:0.05 weight %, Fe:0.2 weight %, Mn:0.2 weight %, Ti:0.3 weight %, Cr:0.1 weight %, V:0.3 weight %, surplus comprises Al and unavoidable impurities.Make aluminium alloy cast ingot according to preparation method provided by the present invention.
Embodiment 2
Si:11.0 weight %, Mg:0.7 weight %, Cu:0.3 weight %, Fe:0.1 weight %, Mn:0.5 weight %, Ti:0.05 weight %, Cr:0.05 weight %, V:0.05 weight %, Sr:0.01 weight %, surplus comprises Al and unavoidable impurities.Make aluminium alloy cast ingot according to preparation method provided by the present invention.
Embodiment 3
Si:9.0 weight %, Mg:0.6 weight %, Cu:0.2 weight %, Fe:0.1 weight %, Mn:0.4 weight %, Ti:0.1 weight %, Cr:0.05 weight %, V:0.05 weight %, Sr:0.1 weight %, Sb:0.050 weight %, surplus comprises Al and unavoidable impurities.Make aluminium alloy cast ingot according to preparation method provided by the present invention.
Embodiment 4
Si:8.0 weight %, Mg:0.5 weight %, Cu:0.15 weight %, Fe:0.05 weight %, Mn:0.35 weight %, Ti:0.12 weight %, Cr:0.07 weight %, V:0.15 weight %, Sb:0.10 weight %, Ni:0.005 weight %, surplus comprises Al and unavoidable impurities.Make aluminium alloy cast ingot according to preparation method provided by the present invention.
Embodiment 5
Below the Si:7.0 weight %, Mg:0.4 weight %, Cu:0.1 weight %, Fe:0.02 weight %, Mn:0.3 weight %, Ti:0.2 weight %, Cr:0.1 weight %, V:0.2 weight %, Sr:0.05 weight %, Sb:0.20 weight %, Ni:0.001 weight %, surplus comprises Al and unavoidable impurities.Make aluminium alloy cast ingot according to preparation method provided by the present invention.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1,2,3 is respectively embodiment 1,3 among the CN 102301021A, 8.
The mechanical characteristics of the aluminium alloy cast ingot that aluminium alloy cast ingot that embodiments of the invention 1 ~ 5 obtain and comparative example 1 ~ 3 obtain is as shown in table 1.
Table 1
Can find out from table 1, duraluminum provided by the present invention not only have higher yield strength and a unit elongation, and have excellent specific conductivity.
Applicant's statement; The present invention explains detailed process equipment of the present invention and technical process through the foregoing description; But the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned detailed process equipment and technical process, does not mean that promptly the present invention must rely on above-mentioned detailed process equipment and technical process could be implemented.The person of ordinary skill in the field should understand, and to any improvement of the present invention, to the interpolation of the equivalence replacement of each raw material of product of the present invention and ancillary component, the selection of concrete mode etc., all drops within protection scope of the present invention and the open scope.
Claims (6)
1. a compression casting is used duraluminum; It is characterized in that; Contain: below the Si:5.5～11.0 weight %, Mg:0.3～0.7 weight %, Cu:0.05 ~ 0.3 weight %, Fe:0.2 weight %, Mn:0.2～0.5 weight %, Ti:0.05 ~ 0.3 weight %, Cr:0.05～0.1 weight %, V:0.05 ~ 0.3 weight %, surplus comprises Al and unavoidable impurities.
2. duraluminum according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Contain: below the Si:7.0～9.0 weight %, Mg:0.4～0.6 weight %, Cu:0.1 ~ 0.2 weight %, Fe:0.1 weight %, Mn:0.3～0.4 weight %, Ti:0.1 ~ 0.2 weight %, Cr:0.05～0.1 weight %, V:0.05 ~ 0.2 weight %, surplus comprises Al and unavoidable impurities.
3. duraluminum according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, adds the Sr of 0.01 ~ 0.1 weight %, preferred 0.01 ~ 0.05 weight %.
4. according to each described duraluminum of claim 1 ~ 3, it is characterized in that, add the Sb of 0.05～0.20 weight %, preferred 0.1～0.2 weight %.
5. according to each described duraluminum of claim 1 ~ 4, it is characterized in that, add the Ni of 0.001 ~ 0.02 weight %.
6. an aluminum alloy casting is characterized in that, it is formed by each described duraluminum compression casting in the claim 1～5.
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