CN112126828A - High-mechanical-property and high-fluidity die-casting aluminum alloy for automobile structural part and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
High-mechanical-property and high-fluidity die-casting aluminum alloy for automobile structural part and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-mechanical-property and high-fluidity die-casting aluminum alloy for an automobile structural part, and a preparation method and application thereof. A high-mechanical-property and high-fluidity die-casting aluminum alloy for an automobile structural part comprises the following components: 8.0 to 12.0 percent of Si, 0.4 to 1.2 percent of Mn, 0.1 to 0.6 percent of Mg0.01 to 0.2 percent of Sr0.005 to 0.25 percent of Fe0.1 to 1.5 percent of Ni0.1 to 1.5 percent of Ni, and the balance of Al and inevitable trace impurities, wherein the content of single element in the trace impurities is less than or equal to 0.1 percent, and the total content of the trace impurities is less than or equal to 0.3 percent. The automobile stress structure is applied to an automobile stress structural member and comprises an auxiliary frame and a shock absorber support. The tensile strength, the yield strength and the elongation rate can be improved in a balanced manner, the overall performance is comprehensive, the casting performance is good, the fluidity of the casting is equivalent to that of ADC12, the casting is facilitated, the casting can be put into production quickly on the existing die-casting production line, a large amount of investment is not needed, and the development of the automobile industry is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of automobile aluminum alloy, and particularly relates to a high-mechanical-property and high-fluidity die-casting aluminum alloy for an automobile structural part, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Structural members in the automobile, such as an auxiliary frame, a shock absorber support, a rear cover frame, an A/B column and the like, are load bearing parts and are closely related to the safety of the automobile. Such structural members are often characterized by complex thin walls, large dimensions, etc. Since reliable safety of the vehicle is ensured during driving, these stressed structural members require high strength, in particular yield strength, and excellent elongation. Most of the traditional automobile structural parts are made of steel materials and are produced by processes of stamping, forging, welding, riveting and the like. In the automobile market, the competition is more and more intense, at present, all automobile companies develop towards high quality, high reliability, light weight, energy conservation and low cost, particularly, along with the rapid development of new energy automobiles, the automobile companies show light weight in terms of materials, aluminum alloy is used for replacing part of steel parts, and a die-casting forming process is used for replacing the traditional process, so that the aim of the automobile companies is achieved.
The die-casting forming process has the advantages of high production efficiency, high dimensional precision, excellent mechanical property, high material utilization rate, excellent economic index and the like, and becomes an important component in the casting industry of China. The aluminum-silicon alloy has good forming performance, can be used for manufacturing complex thin-walled parts through a die-casting process, is widely applied to the automobile industry, and becomes an important support for automobile light weight.
However, the aluminum and magnesium alloy castings produced by the traditional die casting have many internal pores, cannot be subjected to solid solution aging treatment or welding forming, and cannot be subjected to excessive machining. The existing common Al-Si-Cu series die-casting aluminum alloys do not belong to die-casting aluminum alloy materials with high strength and high toughness, and the common Al-Si-Mg series and Al-Mg series high-toughness casting aluminum alloys have poor flow properties and are difficult to be suitable for automobile body structural members with large-size and complex thin-wall characteristics, so that the development of novel high-mechanical-property and high-flow-property die-casting aluminum alloys for automobile structural members meeting the requirements of high strength and high toughness is urgently needed to ensure the smooth development of automobile lightweight.
Most of the existing common die-casting aluminum alloys are A380 and ADC12, and the automobile structural parts are commonly imported Sialfont-36 aluminum alloy die-casting parts. The aluminum alloy ADC12 is known to have better fluidity, but the tensile strength, yield strength and elongation rate of the aluminum alloy ADC12 cannot be improved integrally. In fact, at present, no product with low cost and simple process can realize the balanced improvement of tensile strength, yield strength and elongation.
The invention patent with application number 202010352748.3 discloses a high-strength aluminum alloy and a manufacturing method thereof, which comprises the steps of firstly smelting aluminum alloy melt, wherein Zn8.63-8.80%, Mg2.14-2.28%, Cu2.23-2.29%, Cr0.17-0.28%, 0.68-0.77% of Mn, 0.14-0.25% of V, 0.25-0.34% of Zr, 0.19-0.26% of Sc, 0.14-0.20% of Ti, 0.028-0.047% of B, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements; sending the aluminum alloy melt into a casting ladle, sending a multi-element alloy wire with the diameter of 3.0-3.5mm into the aluminum alloy melt in the casting ladle by using a wire feeding machine, casting into a metal casting mold at 714-722 ℃, then cooling, heating, performing hot forging processing, heating and insulating, cooling and reheating, and insulating to obtain the high-strength aluminum alloy. Although the tensile strength of the product obtained by the technical scheme is more than 1060MPa, the elongation is more than 10%, the process of the technical scheme is complicated and is not easy to operate, a multi-element alloy wire needs to be additionally added into the aluminum alloy melt, the cost is still high, in addition, the elongation range is 10% -11% according to the embodiment, and the elongation is still not ideal after complex treatment.
The invention patent with the application number of 201510489552.8 discloses a high-strength high-stability cast aluminum magnesium alloy material and a preparation method thereof. The aluminum alloy material disclosed by the invention comprises the following components: 9.3 to 9.8 percent of Mg, 1.3 to 1.5 percent of Zn, 0.2 to 0.4 percent of Ca, 0.2 to 0.4 percent of Ti, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of Ce, 0.1 to 0.15 percent of Sr, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.06 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of Mn, and the balance of Al, the tensile strength at room temperature is not lower than 400MPa, the elongation is not lower than 15 percent, but more magnesium is contained in the alloy, so that cracks are easy to generate during casting, and the casting is difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the background art, the invention provides a high-mechanical-property high-fluidity die-casting aluminum alloy and a preparation method of the high-mechanical-property high-fluidity die-casting aluminum alloy.
A high mechanical property and high fluidity die-casting aluminum alloy for automobile structural parts comprises the following components: 8.0 to 12.0 percent of Si, 0.4 to 1.2 percent of Mn, 0.1 to 0.6 percent of Mg, 0.01 to 0.2 percent of Sr, 0.005 to 0.25 percent of Fe, 0.1 to 1.5 percent of Ni, and the balance of Al and inevitable trace impurities, wherein the content of single element in the trace impurities is less than or equal to 0.1 percent, and the total content of the trace impurities is less than or equal to 0.3 percent.
Furthermore, the raw materials used are pure aluminum or electrolytic aluminum, aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy or industrial silicon or fast melting silicon, aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy or manganese agent, aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy, pure magnesium, pure nickel or aluminum-nickel intermediate alloy.
Further, the inevitable trace impurities include one or more of Cu, Cr, V, P, Ti, Ca and Zn.
Among the component elements, the latent heat of crystallization of silicon element is far greater than that of aluminum, so that the die-casting fluidity of the aluminum alloy can be obviously improved in the aluminum alloy, and the strength and the machining performance of the aluminum alloy can also be improved. However, generally, after the content of silicon element is high, it is difficult to enhance the performance of the aluminum alloy by post heat treatment, and even the performance is reduced.
Magnesium element is in solid solution in aluminum-silicon die-casting aluminum alloy to form solid solution strengthening on one hand, and forms Mg2Si strengthening phase with silicon on the other hand, so that the strength of the die-casting aluminum alloy is enhanced, and the higher the magnesium content is, the higher the strength of the die-casting aluminum alloy is.
The iron element obviously improves the anti-die-sticking performance of the die-casting aluminum alloy. However, excessive iron forms coarse acicular beta-Al 5FeSi phase in the die-casting aluminum alloy, and the coarse acicular iron-rich phase can seriously crack the aluminum alloy matrix, so that the traditional die-casting aluminum alloy has lower strength and toughness, and the content of Fe is controlled within 0.25 percent.
The manganese element has little influence on the strength of the die-casting aluminum alloy, but the manganese changes the needle-shaped beta-Al 5FeSi phase into a blocky or Chinese character-shaped Al15 (Mn, Fe) 3Si2 phase, so that the toughness of the alloy is improved, and in addition, the manganese element can also improve the die bonding property of the die-casting aluminum alloy.
The nickel element can improve the fluidity of the aluminum-silicon alloy, and when a proper amount of nickel is added into the aluminum alloy, a fine and stable Al3Ni phase can be formed, so that the strength of the alloy is improved, and the toughness of the alloy is also improved. However, excessive nickel addition results in coarse phase size and adversely reduces the toughness of the alloy. In order to ensure the toughness of the alloy, the content of nickel is limited below 1.0 percent.
The strontium element mainly plays a role in the die-casting aluminum alloy in changing a coarse and thin eutectic silicon phase into a short fiber shape, a short rod shape or a worm shape, and the strength and the toughness of the die-casting aluminum alloy are obviously improved. However, the strontium content is limited to the range of 0.01 to 0.2% because an increase in the strontium content leads to an increase in the gettering property of the alloy and an increase in the gas content of the alloy.
A preparation method of a high-mechanical-property and high-fluidity die-casting aluminum alloy for an automobile structural part comprises the following steps: the preparation steps are as follows:
a. taking pure aluminum or electrolytic aluminum, aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy or industrial silicon or fast melting silicon, aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy or manganese agent, aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy, pure magnesium, pure nickel or aluminum-nickel intermediate alloy according to element content, and preheating;
b. putting the preheated pure aluminum or electrolytic aluminum into a smelting furnace for smelting, then adding an aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy or industrial silicon or fast-melting silicon, an aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy or manganese agent and pure nickel or aluminum-nickel intermediate alloy, and finally adding pure magnesium and aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy into a smelting furnace and stirring until the pure magnesium and aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy are completely melted to form a melt;
c. b, adding a deslagging agent into the melt obtained in the step b;
d. c, detecting components of the melt obtained in the step c to ensure that the components are qualified, and then adding a covering agent for refining and degassing;
e. and (3) carrying out component detection, density detection and slag content detection on the refined melt, and then standing and cooling to obtain the high-mechanical-property and high-fluidity die-casting aluminum alloy for the automobile structural part.
Further, in the step a, various raw materials need to be preheated to 150-; in step b, pure aluminum or electrolytic aluminum is melted in a melting furnace and heated to 750-Silicon intermediate alloy or industrial silicon or fast melting silicon, aluminum manganese intermediate alloy or manganese agent, pure nickel or aluminum nickel intermediate alloy, and controlling the alloy melt at 730-800 ℃; in step c, the added slag removing agent accounts for 0.1-0.3% of the total weight of the melt; in the step d, the degassing process is carried out for 5-15 minutes, and the temperature is controlled at 720-730 ℃; in step e, the density detection standard is more than or equal to 2.65g/cm3And the detection of the slag content requires that the K-mode value is less than or equal to 1/20, and then the mixture is kept stand and cooled to 680-700 ℃. The K-mode value is used for expressing the slag content in the molten aluminum, and the specific process comprises the steps of injecting the molten aluminum alloy into a K-mode die, casting into an ingot, then crushing into 20 sample small blocks, and searching for the slag content on the cross sections of the 20 sample small blocks, wherein the slag content is/20, namely the K-mode value.
An application of high-mechanical-property and high-fluidity die-casting aluminum alloy for an automobile structural part in an automobile stressed structural part.
Furthermore, the automobile stressed structural member is an auxiliary frame or a shock absorber support.
The die-casting aluminum alloy obtained by the technical scheme has the as-cast tensile strength of 230MPa, the as-cast yield strength of 141.5-152MPa and the as-cast elongation of 5.05-5.44%. When cast, the fluidity is equivalent to that of ADC12 aluminum alloy. The die casting is carried out at the conditions of 680-700 ℃ and 21-33mbar, the obtained die casting piece of the automobile shock absorber support with the wall thickness of about 3mm is well formed, and all parts have obvious casting defects such as insufficient pouring, air entrainment and the like. In addition, when the obtained automobile shock absorber support die casting is not subjected to heat treatment, the tensile strength is over 320MPa, the yield strength is over 170MPa, the elongation is over 9.9 percent, the performance is further improved by the heat treatment of T6, the tensile strength is 295-344MPa, the yield strength is 210.3-292.2MPa, the elongation is 10.06-12.8 percent, and the tensile strength is 180.2-251.2MPa, the yield strength is 107.3-182.0MPa and the elongation is 10.93-20.52 percent by the heat treatment of T7. Under the same conditions, the performance of the currently accepted Silafant 36 aluminum alloy with better quality is inferior to that of the technical scheme of the application.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme disclosed by the invention has the following beneficial effects: the tensile strength, the yield strength and the elongation rate can be improved in a balanced manner, the overall performance is comprehensive, and the requirement of lightweight automobile structural parts under most conditions can be met; the casting performance is good, the fluidity of the casting is equivalent to that of ADC12, the casting is facilitated, the casting can be rapidly put into production on the existing die-casting production line, a large amount of investment is not needed, and the development of the automobile industry is facilitated; in addition, it has been unexpectedly found that, upon heat treatment at T6, in some cases the tensile strength has decreased somewhat, and in some cases it has increased somewhat, while the yield strength has increased to a greater extent, unlike conventional beliefs regarding the role of silicon in aluminum alloys.
Detailed Description
The following description is of specific embodiments of the present invention, and the disclosed embodiments are intended to be illustrative rather than restrictive, and all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are intended to be embraced therein.
Example one
A high mechanical property and high fluidity die-casting aluminum alloy for automobile structural parts comprises the following components: 8.0 percent of Si, 1.2 percent of Mn, 0.1 percent of Mg, 0.2 percent of Sr, 0.005 percent of Fe, 1.5 percent of Ni, and the balance of Al and inevitable trace impurities, wherein the content of single element in the trace impurities is less than or equal to 0.1 percent, and the total content of the trace impurities is less than or equal to 0.3 percent.
The raw materials used are pure aluminum, aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy, pure magnesium and pure nickel.
The inevitable trace impurities comprise one or more of Cu, Cr, V, P, Ti, Ca and Zn.
A preparation method of a high-mechanical-property and high-fluidity die-casting aluminum alloy for an automobile structural part comprises the following steps: the preparation steps are as follows:
a. taking pure aluminum, aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy, pure magnesium and pure nickel according to element content, and preheating;
b. putting the preheated pure aluminum into a smelting furnace for smelting, then adding an aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, an aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy and pure nickel, and finally adding pure magnesium and an aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy into the smelting furnace and stirring until the pure magnesium and the aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy are completely molten to form a melt;
c. b, adding a deslagging agent into the melt obtained in the step b;
d. c, detecting components of the melt obtained in the step c to ensure that the components are qualified, and then adding a covering agent for refining and degassing;
e. and (3) carrying out component detection, density detection and slag content detection on the refined melt, and then standing and cooling to obtain the high-mechanical-property and high-fluidity die-casting aluminum alloy for the automobile structural part.
In step a, various raw materials need to be preheated to 150 ℃; in the step b, pure aluminum is required to be smelted in a smelting furnace and heated to 800 ℃, then aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy and pure nickel are added, and the alloy melt is controlled at 730 ℃; in step c, the added slag removing agent accounts for 0.3 percent of the total weight of the melt; in step d, the degassing process is carried out for 5 minutes, and the temperature is controlled at 730 ℃; in step e, the density detection standard is more than or equal to 2.65g/cm3And the detection of the slag content requires a K modulus value of 0/20, and then the mixture is kept stand and cooled to 680 ℃.
Controlling the temperature of the alloy melt at 680 ℃, and carrying out die casting under the vacuum degree of 33mbar to obtain the automobile shock absorber support die casting piece with the average wall thickness of 3 mm. The tensile strength of the shock absorber support is 324MPa, the yield strength is 170.8MPa, and the elongation is 9.98%. During the manufacturing process, the flowability was comparable to that of ADC 12.
Carrying out T6 heat treatment on the automobile shock absorber support die casting, wherein the solid solution temperature range is 480 ℃, the time is 3h, the aging temperature is 175 ℃, the time is 3h, the tensile strength is 295MPa, the yield strength is 292.2MPa, and the elongation is 10.06%.
Carrying out T7 heat treatment on the automobile shock absorber die casting, wherein the solid solution temperature range is 510 ℃, the time is 3h, the aging temperature is 200 ℃, the time is 3h, the tensile strength is 180.2MPa, the yield strength is 182MPa, and the elongation is 10.93%.
Example two
A high mechanical property and high fluidity die-casting aluminum alloy for automobile structural parts comprises the following components: 12.0% of Si, 0.4% of Mn, 0.6% of Mg, 0.01% of Sr, 0.25% of Fe, 0.1% of Ni and the balance of Al and inevitable trace impurities, wherein the content of single element in the trace impurities is less than or equal to 0.1%, and the total content of the trace impurities is less than or equal to 0.3%.
The raw materials used are electrolytic aluminum, industrial silicon, manganese agent, aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy, pure magnesium and aluminum-nickel intermediate alloy.
The inevitable trace impurities comprise one or more of Cu, Cr, V, P, Ti, Ca and Zn.
A preparation method of a high-mechanical-property and high-fluidity die-casting aluminum alloy for an automobile structural part comprises the following steps: the preparation steps are as follows:
a. taking electrolytic aluminum, industrial silicon, manganese agent, aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy, pure magnesium and aluminum-nickel intermediate alloy according to element content, and preheating;
b. putting the preheated electrolytic aluminum into a smelting furnace for smelting, then adding industrial silicon, manganese agent and aluminum-nickel intermediate alloy, and finally adding pure magnesium and aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy into the smelting furnace and stirring until the pure magnesium and the aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy are completely molten to form a melt;
c. b, adding a deslagging agent into the melt obtained in the step b;
d. c, detecting components of the melt obtained in the step c to ensure that the components are qualified, and then adding a covering agent for refining and degassing;
e. and (3) carrying out component detection, density detection and slag content detection on the refined melt, and then standing and cooling to obtain the high-mechanical-property and high-fluidity die-casting aluminum alloy for the automobile structural part.
In step a, various raw materials need to be preheated to 200 ℃; in the step b, the electrolytic aluminum is required to be smelted in a smelting furnace and heated to 750 ℃, then industrial silicon, manganese agent and aluminum-nickel intermediate alloy are added, and the alloy melt is controlled at 800 ℃; in step c, the added slag removing agent accounts for 0.1 percent of the total weight of the melt; in step d, the degassing process is carried out for 15 minutes, and the temperature is controlled to be 720 ℃; in step e, the density detection standard is more than or equal to 2.65g/cm3And the detection of the slag content requires a K modulus value of 0/20, and then the mixture is kept stand and cooled to 700 ℃.
Controlling the temperature of the alloy melt at 700 ℃, and carrying out die casting under the vacuum degree of 21mbar to obtain the automobile shock absorber support die casting piece with the average wall thickness of 3 mm. The tensile strength of the shock absorber support is 321MPa, the yield strength is 171MPa, and the elongation is 9.95%. During the manufacturing process, the flowability was comparable to that of ADC 12.
Carrying out T6 heat treatment on the automobile shock absorber support die casting, wherein the solid solution temperature range is 510 ℃, the time is 3h, the aging temperature is 160 ℃, the time is 3h, the tensile strength is 324.1MPa, the yield strength is 263.3MPa, and the elongation is 10.5%.
Carrying out T7 heat treatment on the automobile shock absorber die casting, wherein the solid solution temperature range is 480 ℃, the time is 3h, the aging temperature is 240 ℃, the time is 1h, the tensile strength is 251.2MPa, the yield strength is 178.3MPa, and the elongation is 17.6%.
EXAMPLE III
A high mechanical property and high fluidity die-casting aluminum alloy for automobile structural parts comprises the following components: 10.0% of Si, 0.8% of Mn, 0.35% of Mg, 0.1% of Sr, 0.13% of Fe, 0.8% of Ni and the balance of Al and inevitable trace impurities, wherein the content of single element in the trace impurities is less than or equal to 0.1%, and the total content of the trace impurities is less than or equal to 0.3%.
The raw materials used are pure aluminum, fast melting silicon, aluminum manganese intermediate alloy, aluminum strontium intermediate alloy, pure magnesium and pure nickel.
The inevitable trace impurities comprise one or more of Cu, Cr, V, P, Ti, Ca and Zn.
A preparation method of a high-mechanical-property and high-fluidity die-casting aluminum alloy for an automobile structural part comprises the following steps: the preparation steps are as follows:
a. taking pure aluminum, fast melting silicon, aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy, pure magnesium and pure nickel according to element content, and preheating;
b. putting the preheated pure aluminum into a smelting furnace for smelting, then adding fast-melting silicon, aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy and pure nickel, and finally adding pure magnesium and aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy into the smelting furnace and stirring until the pure magnesium and the aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy are completely molten to form a melt;
c. b, adding a deslagging agent into the melt obtained in the step b;
d. c, detecting components of the melt obtained in the step c to ensure that the components are qualified, and then adding a covering agent for refining and degassing;
e. and (3) carrying out component detection, density detection and slag content detection on the refined melt, and then standing and cooling to obtain the high-mechanical-property and high-fluidity die-casting aluminum alloy for the automobile structural part.
In step a, various raw materials need to be preheated to 175 ℃; in the step b, pure aluminum is required to be smelted in a smelting furnace and heated to 775 ℃, then fast-melting silicon, aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy and pure nickel are added, and the alloy melt is controlled at 765 ℃; in step c, the added slag removing agent accounts for 0.2 percent of the total weight of the melt; in step d, the degassing process is carried out for 10 minutes, and the temperature is controlled to be 725 ℃; in step e, the density detection standard is more than or equal to 2.65g/cm3And the detection of the slag content requires a K modulus value of 0/20, and then the mixture is kept stand and cooled to 690 ℃.
Controlling the temperature of the alloy melt at 690 ℃, and carrying out die casting under the vacuum degree of 27mbar to obtain the automobile shock absorber support die casting piece with the average wall thickness of 3 mm. The tensile strength of the shock absorber support is 326MPa, the yield strength is 175MPa, and the elongation is 10.08%. During the manufacturing process, the flowability was comparable to that of ADC 12.
Carrying out T6 heat treatment on the automobile shock absorber support die casting, wherein the solid solution temperature range is 495 ℃, the time is 3h, the aging temperature is 168 ℃, the time is 3h, the tensile strength is 344MPa, the yield strength is 210.3MPa, and the elongation is 12.8%.
Carrying out T7 heat treatment on the automobile shock absorber die casting, wherein the solid solution temperature range is 495 ℃, the time is 3h, the aging temperature is 220 ℃, the time is 2h, the tensile strength is 235.5MPa, the yield strength is 107.3MPa, and the elongation is 20.52%.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example is used as a comparison with example one. In this comparative example, an A380 aluminum alloy was die-cast into an automobile shock absorber mount having a wall thickness of 3mm at the same temperature and vacuum degree, and the tensile strength was 316.1MPa, the yield strength was 146.5MPa, and the elongation was 3.1%. It can be seen that, compared with the product made of the a380 aluminum alloy, the product made in the first embodiment has a small downward sliding of tensile strength, and the yield strength and elongation are both greatly improved.
Comparative example No. two
This comparative example was used as a form of comparison with the example. In this comparative example, a 3mm thick automobile shock absorber mount was die cast using Silafount 36 aluminum alloy at the same temperature and vacuum, and the tensile strength was 275.3MPa, the yield strength was 146MPa, and the elongation was 6.1%.
After the same heat treatment of T6, the tensile strength was 305.6MPa, the yield strength was 246.5MPa, and the elongation was 7.8%.
After the same heat treatment of T7, the tensile strength was 213.9MPa, the yield strength was 145.6MPa, and the elongation was 11%.
In all cases, the mechanical properties of the shock absorber support obtained in the second embodiment are better than those of the currently-good-quality Silafot 36 aluminum alloy.
Comparative example No. three
This comparative example was used as a comparison with example three. In this comparative example, an ADC12 aluminum alloy having a good fluidity was used to form an automobile shock absorber support having a wall thickness of 3mm by die casting at the same temperature and vacuum, and the tensile strength was 329.3MPa, the yield strength was 166.7MPa, and the elongation was 2.6%. Therefore, under the condition of similar mechanical properties, the elongation of the shock absorber support obtained in the third embodiment is greatly improved.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a high mechanical properties, high mobility die-casting aluminum alloy for automobile structure spare which characterized in that: the aluminum alloy comprises the following components: 8.0 to 12.0 percent of Si, 0.4 to 1.2 percent of Mn, 0.1 to 0.6 percent of Mg, 0.01 to 0.2 percent of Sr, 0.005 to 0.25 percent of Fe, 0.1 to 1.5 percent of Ni, and the balance of Al and inevitable trace impurities, wherein the content of single element in the trace impurities is less than or equal to 0.1 percent, and the total content of the trace impurities is less than or equal to 0.3 percent.
2. The high mechanical property, high fluidity die-cast aluminum alloy for automotive structural parts according to claim 1, wherein: the raw materials used are pure aluminum or electrolytic aluminum, aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy or industrial silicon or fast melting silicon, aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy or manganese agent, aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy, pure magnesium, pure nickel or aluminum-nickel intermediate alloy.
3. The high mechanical property, high fluidity die-cast aluminum alloy for automotive structural parts according to claim 1, wherein: the inevitable trace impurities comprise one or more of Cu, Cr, V, P, Ti, Ca and Zn.
4. A method for preparing a high mechanical property, high fluidity die-cast aluminum alloy for automotive structural parts as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the preparation steps are as follows:
a. taking pure aluminum or electrolytic aluminum, aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy or industrial silicon or fast melting silicon, aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy or manganese agent, aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy, pure magnesium, pure nickel or aluminum-nickel intermediate alloy according to element content, and preheating;
b. putting the preheated pure aluminum or electrolytic aluminum into a smelting furnace for smelting, then adding an aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy or industrial silicon or fast-melting silicon, an aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy or manganese agent and pure nickel or aluminum-nickel intermediate alloy, and finally adding pure magnesium and aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy into a smelting furnace and stirring until the pure magnesium and aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy are completely melted to form a melt;
c. b, adding a deslagging agent into the melt obtained in the step b;
d. c, detecting components of the melt obtained in the step c to ensure that the components are qualified, and then adding a covering agent for refining and degassing;
e. and (3) carrying out component detection, density detection and slag content detection on the refined melt, and then standing and cooling to obtain the high-mechanical-property and high-fluidity die-casting aluminum alloy for the automobile structural part.
5. The preparation method of the high-mechanical-property high-fluidity die-casting aluminum alloy for the automobile structural part according to claim 4, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps of: in step a, various raw materials need to be preheated to 150-200 ℃; in the step b, pure aluminum or electrolytic aluminum is required to be smelted in a smelting furnace and heated to the temperature of 750-; in step c, the slag-removing agent is added to the melt0.1-0.3% of the total weight; in the step d, the degassing process is carried out for 5-15 minutes, and the temperature is controlled at 720-730 ℃; in step e, the density detection standard is more than or equal to 2.65g/cm3And the detection of the slag content requires that the K-mode value is less than or equal to 1/20, and then the mixture is kept stand and cooled to 680-700 ℃.
6. Use of a high mechanical, high flow die cast aluminum alloy as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 for automotive structural members in stressed automotive structural members.
7. The application of claim 6, wherein the stressed structural member of the automobile is a subframe or a shock absorber support.
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