CN114717455B - Heat-treatment-free high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Heat-treatment-free high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 183
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 182
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- -1 aluminum-titanium-carbon-boron Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Raney nickel Chemical compound [Al].[Ni] NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;titanium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Ti] UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- QQHSIRTYSFLSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynechromium Chemical compound [Al].[Cr] QQHSIRTYSFLSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- ZGUQGPFMMTZGBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Al].[Al].[Zr] Chemical compound [Al].[Al].[Zr] ZGUQGPFMMTZGBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 54
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910005347 FeSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910018125 Al-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018520 Al—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018643 Mn—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
- C22C21/04—Modified aluminium-silicon alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
A heat treatment-free high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof are disclosed, and the alloy comprises: 7.5 to 9.5wt.% of Si, 0 to 1.5wt.% of Ni, 0.4 to 0.8wt.% of Mn, 0 to 0.4wt.% of Mg, 0.08 to 0.3wt.% of Cr, 0.01 to 0.15wt.% of Zr, 0.03 to 0.1wt.% of Ti0.005 to 0.025wt.% of Sr, and the balance of aluminum and unavoidable impurity elements. The die-casting aluminum alloy has good thermal stability, the mechanical property change is not more than 10% after the die-casting aluminum alloy is kept at the temperature of not more than 150 ℃ for 1000 hours, the die-casting aluminum alloy has excellent mechanical properties of die-casting yield strength of more than 120MPa and elongation of more than 14%, the performance requirements of a die-casting structural part of a vehicle body can be met without subsequent heat treatment, the qualification rate of a thin-wall die-casting structural part product can be greatly improved, and the use cost of automobile parts is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal materials, in particular to a heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy with excellent thermal stability and high toughness and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, with implementation of a light weight development strategy and rapid development of die casting equipment and process technology, an automobile stressed structural member prepared by high vacuum die casting becomes an important way for realizing light weight of a new energy automobile. At present, the aluminum alloy die-casting structural part generally adopts AlSiMnMg alloy to match with heat treatment to realize the strengthening and toughening of parts. Heat treatment typically results in deformation of the thin-walled structural member and increased cost. In order to improve the yield of the thin-wall structural member and reduce the cost, the preparation of the thin-wall structural member by adopting the heat-treatment-free high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy is an important development direction. This requires that the non-heat-treated aluminum alloy not only have high yield strength, high toughness, high fatigue strength and other comprehensive mechanical properties, but also have excellent casting fluidity, dimensional stability and specific stiffness. According to the material characteristics, the heat treatment-free aluminum alloy die-casting structural part is easily connected with other parts through cementation and self-piercing, compared with a steel part, the weight of the part is greatly reduced, and the mileage and the control performance of a new energy automobile are improved. With the higher integration degree of new energy automobile structural parts, the die-casting aluminum alloy material without heat treatment becomes the only choice.
The die-casting aluminum alloy for the automobile body structural member has excellent comprehensive performance, and needs to have excellent die-casting performance, high yield strength, high toughness and excellent thermal stability. The die casting performance is generally satisfied by adding Si, solid solution strengthening elements are added for high strength in an as-cast state, and the volume fraction of the second phase is required to be reduced as much as possible for high toughness, so that lattice distortion is reduced, and the three are difficult to be considered together. In addition, the body structural member needs to be connected with other parts, and the new alloy is required to have excellent thermal stability when the size and the performance are required to be stable in the baking finish and the service process.
At present, a plurality of production enterprises and research units disclose some non-heat treatment die casting aluminum alloys, such as CN 104471090B, CN 105316542A, CN10548365B, CN 106636787B, and CN 110079712A, etc., which ensure high fluidity, high strength and high toughness of the alloy by adding alloying elements such as Si, mg, cu, V, zr, rare earth and Sr, etc., but do not mention the thermal stability of the alloy. The thermal stability is a main performance index of a vehicle body part, the requirements of a host factory on a structural member are that the mechanical property fluctuation is not more than 10% after the temperature is 150 ℃ multiplied by 1000 hours, particularly, the elongation and the yield strength still need to be in the performance index range, and the influencing factors mainly comprise the grain uniformity, the content of reinforcing phase elements such as Mg, cu, zn and the like, the type and the morphological characteristics of a second phase and the like. Therefore, in order to ensure the smooth development of the light weight of the automobile, the development of a novel heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy meeting the requirements of excellent thermal stability and high toughness and a preparation process thereof are urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the die-casting Al-Si-Mn-Mg-X aluminum alloy which has good heat treatment-free fluidity, high strength, high toughness and excellent thermal stability and the preparation method thereof.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The heat-treatment-free high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 7.5 to 9.5wt.% of Si, 0 to 1.5wt.% of Ni, 0.4 to 0.8wt.% of Mn, 0 to 0.4wt.% of Mg, 0.08 to 0.3wt.% of Cr, 0.01 to 0.15wt.% of Zr, 0.03 to 0.1wt.% of Ti, 0.005 to 0.025wt.% of Sr, and the balance of aluminum and unavoidable impurity elements, wherein the content of Fe in the unavoidable impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.18wt.%, the content of other single impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.05wt.%, and the total amount of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.3wt.%.
Further, the content ratio of Si/Ni is controlled to be not lower than 7, the content ratio of Mn/Cr is controlled to be 3.
Further, a second phase (elemental phase of another element other than the primary aluminum phase or a phase rich in another alloying element, e.g. eutectic silicon phase, al-Fe-Mn-Si phase, mg 2 Si equivalent) size < 20 μm.
Further, the unavoidable impurity elements include Cu, V, P, ca, and Zn.
Further, 0.4 to 0.6wt.% of Mn, 0.05 to 0.25wt.% of Mg, 0.08 to 0.25wt.% of Cr, 0.03 to 0.12wt.% of Zr, and 0.01 to 0.025wt.% of Sr.
Further, the content ratio of Ni is controlled to be not less than 7, the content ratio of Mn/Cr is controlled to be 3.5.
Further, the content ratio of Si 7.5 to 9.0wt.%, ni0 to 1.2wt.%, mn 0.44 to 0.53wt.%, mg 0.05 to 0.20wt.%, cr 0.1 to 0.2wt.%, zr 0.05 to 0.12wt.%, ti 0.05 to 0.1wt.%, sr 0.01 to 0.02wt.%, and Fe ≦ 0.12wt.%, wherein the content ratio of Mn/Cr is controlled to 3.5.
The preparation method of the aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Preheating raw materials of aluminum, silicon, nickel, manganese, sr, chromium, zirconium, titanium and magnesium to 150-200 ℃;
(2) According to the component ratio, firstly putting the aluminum raw material obtained by the treatment in the step (1) into an industrial smelting furnace, heating to 760-800 ℃, then adding the manganese, chromium, zirconium, nickel, titanium and silicon raw materials into the smelting furnace for melting, controlling the temperature to 740-780 ℃, and finally adding the magnesium raw material and stirring until the magnesium raw material is completely melted to obtain an alloy melt;
(3) Adding a slag removing agent into the alloy melt obtained in the step (2), wherein the weight of the slag removing agent accounts for 0.1-0.3 wt% of the total weight of the alloy melt, and the temperature of the alloy melt is controlled at 730-750 ℃;
(4) Detecting the alloy melt obtained in the step (3), adding a Sr raw material after the components are qualified, controlling the temperature of the alloy melt to be 720-740 ℃, stirring, standing for 5-10min to ensure that the added raw material is fully melted, and then adding an aluminum-titanium-carbon-boron refiner, wherein the weight of the refiner accounts for 0.3-0.8 wt% of the total weight of the alloy melt, and the temperature of the alloy melt is controlled to be 720-740 ℃;
(5) Adding a covering agent into the alloy melt obtained in the step (4) within 0-2min, then directly refining and degassing, wherein the addition amount is 0.05-0.1wt.%, argon or high-purity nitrogen is introduced into the refining and degassing, the introduction pressure is 0.18-0.25 MPa, the guarantee time is 5-20 minutes, and the temperature is controlled at 720-730 ℃;
(6) And (3) carrying out component detection, density detection and slag content detection on the alloy melt obtained by refining, standing and cooling to 690-720 ℃ after the alloy melt is qualified, and thus obtaining the heat-treatment-free high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy.
Further, the aluminum raw material adopts pure aluminum or electrolytic aluminum, the silicon raw material adopts aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy or industrial silicon or instant silicon, the nickel raw material adopts aluminum-nickel intermediate alloy or pure nickel, the manganese raw material adopts aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy or manganese agent, the Sr raw material adopts Al-10Sr intermediate alloy, the chromium raw material adopts pure chromium or aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy, the zirconium raw material adopts pure zirconium or aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy, the titanium raw material adopts pure titanium or titanium agent or aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy, the aluminum-titanium-carbon-boron refiner adopts aluminum-titanium-carbon-boron intermediate alloy wire rods, and the magnesium raw material adopts pure magnesium.
Further, the weight of the Sr raw material added in the step (4) accounts for 0.1-0.3 wt% of the total weight of the alloy melt, and the weight of the aluminum-titanium-carbon-boron refiner added accounts for 0.4-0.7 wt% of the total weight of the alloy melt.
Furthermore, in the aluminum-titanium-carbon-boron refiner, the mass percent of titanium element is 4-6 wt.%, the mass percent of carbon element is 0.09-0.1 wt.%, and the mass percent of boron element is 0.08-0.12 wt.%.
Further, the deslagging agent added in the step (3) is a sodium-free refining agent, and the covering agent in the step (5) is a sodium-free covering agent.
Further, the alloy melt qualification standard of the step (6) is as follows: the components are qualified, and the density value of the sample obtained by adopting a reduced pressure solidification method is not lower than 2.61g/cm 3 The K modulus is not higher than 1/20.
Further, the obtained aluminum alloy can be made into automobile stressed structural members or chassis members including sub-frames, shock absorber mounts, and the like, by a vacuum die-casting forming method.
The high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy with excellent thermal stability has the following effects of various elements:
the latent heat of crystallization of the silicon element is far greater than that of aluminum, so that the die-casting fluidity of the aluminum alloy can be obviously improved in the aluminum alloy, and the strength and the machining performance of the aluminum alloy can be improved. The higher the silicon content is, the more the eutectic structure is, the better the die casting fluidity of the aluminum alloy is, but the larger the size of the silicon phase is, the toughness of the die casting aluminum alloy will be reduced, and in order to ensure the fluidity and the high toughness of the die casting aluminum alloy, the silicon element content needs to be within 7-10 wt.%.
The nickel element can not only obviously improve the flowing property of the aluminum alloy, but also form a Ni-rich phase with stronger thermal stability, thereby improving the thermal stability of the aluminum alloy. However, too high Ni content forms a coarse Al3Ni phase, which results in a significant decrease in toughness of the aluminum alloy, and the Ni content is limited to 1.5wt.% or less in order to ensure high toughness of the die-cast aluminum alloy.
Magnesium element is solid-dissolved in aluminum-silicon die-cast aluminum alloy to form solid-solution strengthening on one hand, and forms Mg with silicon on the other hand 2 The Si strengthening phase enhances the strength of the die-cast aluminum alloy, the higher the magnesium content is, the higher the strength of the die-cast aluminum alloy is, but the toughness is gradually reduced, and the weight percentage content of Mg may be limited to be within 0.6wt.% in order to ensure the strength and toughness of the die-cast aluminum alloy.
The iron element obviously improves the anti-die-bonding performance of the die-casting aluminum alloy, but a small amount of iron can form coarse acicular beta-Al in the die-casting aluminum alloy 5 The FeSi phase seriously cracks the aluminum alloy matrix, so that the strength and toughness of the traditional die-casting aluminum alloy are low, and the content of Fe is controlled within 0.18 wt.%.
The manganese and chromium elements have little influence on the strength of the die-casting aluminum alloy, but the manganese and the chromium elements form needle-shaped beta-Al 5 Al with FeSi phase converted into block or Chinese character 15 (Mn,Cr,Fe) 3 Si 2 Thereby improving the toughness of the alloy. In addition, manganese and chromium improve the pressAnd (3) die bonding performance of the cast aluminum alloy. However, too high manganese and chromium elements can form large-size manganese-rich and chromium-rich phases, which affect the toughness of the alloy. Meanwhile, the addition of Cr and Mn can reduce the Mn content, thereby ensuring the demolding performance and reducing the size of the AlFeMnCrSi phase, and further effectively improving the as-cast elongation. Typically, the manganese content is within 0.8wt.% and the Cr content is within 0.3wt.%.
The solid solubility of the zirconium element in the aluminum matrix is extremely low, and fine and stable Al can be preferentially precipitated during solidification 3 While Zr significantly improves the thermal stability of the alloy by pinning grain boundary movement at high temperatures, excessive addition of Zr results in coarse phase size and loss of the function as nucleation cores and pinning grain boundaries. The Zr content is limited to 0.15wt.% or less in order to ensure the heat stabilizing effect.
The strontium element mainly plays a role in the die-casting aluminum alloy in changing a coarse and thin eutectic silicon phase into a short fiber shape, a short rod shape or a worm shape, and the strength and the toughness of the die-casting aluminum alloy are obviously improved. However, since an increase in the strontium content leads to an increase in the gettering property of the alloy and an increase in the gas content of the alloy, the strontium content may be limited to a range of 0.005 to 0.03wt.%, but the presence of boron causes strontium poisoning.
The solid solubility of titanium and boron elements in an aluminum matrix is extremely low, and fine and stable TiB can be preferentially precipitated during solidification 2 As a nucleation core of alpha-Al, the crystal grain size is refined, the uniformity of the structure is improved, but when the crystal grain size is added, boron and strontium elements are poisoned, so that the refining and modification effects disappear. When the titanium element is completely added in the form of pure titanium or titanium agent or aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy, the refining effect cannot be ensured, so that when a certain amount of titanium is added, a part of titanium and boron elements are added in the form of aluminum-titanium-carbon-boron intermediate alloy, the refining and modification effects can be ensured, and the addition amount of the aluminum-titanium-carbon-boron intermediate alloy is 0.3-0.8 wt% of the total weight of the melt.
The invention has the beneficial technical effects that: the invention provides a heat-treatment-free high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, which ensure that eutectic silicon has good modification effect while the size of crystal grains in the alloy is fine and uniform through a composite modification/refinement process, and avoid the strontium poisoning phenomenon. The die-casting aluminum alloy has good thermal stability, the mechanical property change is not more than 10% after the die-casting aluminum alloy is kept at the temperature of not more than 150 ℃ for 1000 hours, the die-casting aluminum alloy has excellent mechanical properties of die-casting yield strength of more than 120MPa and elongation of more than 14%, the performance requirements of a car body die-casting structural part can be met without subsequent heat treatment, the die-casting aluminum alloy is suitable for producing large thin-wall die-casting structural parts, the qualification rate of thin-wall die-casting structural part products can be greatly improved, and the use cost of automobile parts is reduced.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments, illustrative embodiments and descriptions herein are provided to explain the invention, but the description is not intended to limit the invention, and any equivalent changes made according to the inventive concept, which are merely formal and insubstantial, should be considered within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
A heat treatment-free high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy belongs to Al-Si-Mn-Mg-X alloy and comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 7.56wt.% of Si, 1.5wt.% of Ni, 0.59wt.% of Mn, 0.05wt.% of Mg, 0.1wt.% of Cr, 0.05wt.% of Zr, 0.1wt.% of Ti, 0.011wt.% of Sr, and the balance of aluminum and unavoidable impurities, wherein the content of Fe in the unavoidable impurities is 0.13wt.%, the content of other individual impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.003wt.%, and the total amount of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.01wt.%. The second phase size is less than 20 μm.
(1) Firstly, preheating pure aluminum, aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, aluminum-nickel intermediate alloy, manganese agent, aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy, aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy, aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy, al-10Sr intermediate alloy and pure magnesium to 200 ℃.
(2) Calculating the weight of each required raw material according to the expected alloy components, putting the pure aluminum processed in the step (1) into an industrial smelting furnace, heating to 760-780 ℃, adding a manganese agent, an aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy, an aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy, an aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy, an aluminum-nickel intermediate alloy and an aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, melting in the industrial smelting furnace, controlling the temperature to 740-750 ℃, and finally adding pure magnesium and stirring until the pure magnesium is completely melted to obtain an alloy melt;
(3) Adding a deslagging agent, specifically a sodium-free refining agent, into the alloy melt obtained by the treatment in the step (2), wherein the weight of the deslagging agent accounts for 0.3 wt% of the total amount of the melt, and the temperature of the alloy melt is controlled at 730 ℃.
(4) And (4) detecting components of the alloy melt obtained in the step (3), transferring the alloy melt into a slag ladle after the components are qualified, adding Al-10Sr intermediate alloy into the melt, wherein the weight of the intermediate alloy accounts for 0.13 wt% of the total weight of the melt, controlling the temperature of the alloy solution at 730-740 ℃, standing for 6min after stirring to ensure that the intermediate alloy is fully melted, and then adding an Al-Ti-C-B intermediate alloy wire rod, the weight of which accounts for 0.4 wt% of the total weight of the melt, and controlling the temperature of the alloy solution at 720-740 ℃.
(5) And (3) adding a sodium-free covering agent accounting for 0.07wt.% of the melt into the melt obtained in the step (4) within 1min, and then directly introducing argon for refining and degassing, wherein the refining and degassing are carried out twice, the first time is 10 minutes, the second time is 5 minutes, the aeration pressure is 0.19MPa, and the temperature is controlled to be 720-730 ℃.
(6) And (3) carrying out component detection, density detection and slag content detection on the melt obtained by refining, wherein the qualified standard of the melt is as follows: the density value of the components is within the design range and is 2.632g/cm 3 The K modulus is not higher than 0/20. Standing and cooling to 690 ℃, and then preparing a standard tensile test bar by a vacuum die casting process, wherein the vacuum degree is controlled to be 30-50mbar, the die casting temperature is 680-700 ℃, the injection speed is 2m/s, and the casting pressure is 104MPa.
Example 2
A heat treatment-free high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy belongs to an Al-Si-Mn-Mg-X alloy and comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 8.01wt.% of Si, 1.25wt.% of Ni, 0.63wt.% of Mn, 0.1wt.% of Mg, 0.12wt.% of Cr, 0.15wt.% of Zr, 0.07wt.% of Ti, 0.015wt.% of Sr, and the balance of aluminum and inevitable trace impurities, wherein the inevitable trace impurities comprise 0.11wt.% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.003wt.% of other single impurity elements, and less than or equal to 0.01wt.% of other impurities. Ensuring that the second phase size is less than 20 μm.
(1) Firstly, electrolytic aluminum, instant silicon, pure nickel, aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, pure magnesium, pure chromium, pure zirconium, pure titanium and Al-10Sr intermediate alloy are preheated to 185 ℃.
(2) Calculating the weight of each required raw material according to the expected alloy components, putting the electrolytic aluminum treated in the step (1) into an industrial smelting furnace, heating to 770-790 ℃, adding an aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, pure chromium, pure zirconium, pure nickel, pure titanium and instant silicon, melting in the industrial smelting furnace, controlling the temperature at 750-770 ℃, and then adding pure magnesium and stirring until the pure magnesium is completely melted to obtain an alloy melt.
(3) And (3) adding a deslagging agent, specifically a sodium-free refining agent, into the melt obtained in the step (2), wherein the weight of the deslagging agent accounts for 0.2 wt% of the total weight of the melt, and the temperature of the alloy melt is controlled at 740 ℃.
(4) And (3) carrying out component detection on the melt obtained in the step (3), transferring the melt into a slag ladle after the components are qualified, adding an Al-10Sr intermediate alloy into the treated melt, wherein the weight of the intermediate alloy accounts for 0.15 wt% of the total amount of the melt, the temperature of the alloy solution is controlled to be 720-730 ℃, standing for 8min after stirring, ensuring that the intermediate alloy is fully melted, and then adding an Al-Ti-C-B intermediate alloy wire rod, the weight of the Al-Ti-C-B intermediate alloy wire rod accounts for 0.5 wt% of the total amount of the melt, and the temperature of the alloy solution is controlled to be 720-730 ℃.
(5) And (3) adding a covering agent accounting for 0.09wt.% of the melt into the melt treated in the step (4) within 1.5min, and then directly introducing argon for refining and degassing, wherein the refining and degassing are carried out twice, the first time is 10 minutes, the second time is 5 minutes, the aeration pressure is 0.2MPa, and the temperature is controlled to be 720-730 ℃.
(6) And (3) carrying out component detection, gas content detection and slag content detection on the refined melt, wherein the qualified standard of the melt is as follows: the density value is 2.643g/cm within the design range 3 The K modulus is not higher than 0/20. Standing and cooling to 700 ℃, and then casting into an alloy ingot to obtain the alloy expected by the embodiment. And then preparing a standard tensile test bar by a vacuum die casting process, wherein the vacuum degree is controlled to be 30-50mbar, the die casting temperature is 680-700 ℃, the injection speed is 2m/s, and the casting pressure is 104MPa.
Example 3
A heat treatment-free high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy belongs to an Al-Si-Mn-Mg-X alloy and comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 8.94wt.% of Si, 0.78wt.% of Ni, 0.47wt.% of Mn, 0.15wt.% of Mg, 0.17wt.% of Cr, 0.08wt.% of Zr, 0.09wt.% of Ti, 0.025wt.% of Sr, and the balance of aluminum and inevitable trace impurities, wherein the inevitable trace impurities comprise 0.10wt.% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.01wt.% of other single impurity elements, and less than or equal to 0.1wt.% of other impurities. Ensuring that the second phase size is less than 20 μm.
(1) Firstly, preheating pure aluminum, aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, aluminum-nickel intermediate alloy, manganese agent, aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy, aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy, aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy, pure magnesium and Al-10Sr intermediate alloy to 175 ℃.
(2) Calculating the weight of each required raw material according to the expected alloy components, putting the pure aluminum processed in the step (1) into an industrial smelting furnace, heating to 790-800 ℃, adding a manganese agent, an aluminum-nickel intermediate alloy, an aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy, an aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy, an aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy and an aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, melting in the industrial smelting furnace, controlling the temperature to 770-780 ℃, and then adding pure magnesium and stirring until the pure magnesium is completely melted to obtain an alloy melt.
(3) Adding a slag removing agent, specifically a sodium-free refining agent, into the melt obtained in the step (2), wherein the weight of the slag removing agent accounts for 0.1 wt% of the total weight of the melt, and the temperature of the alloy melt is controlled at 750 ℃.
(4) And (3) carrying out component detection on the melt obtained in the step (3), transferring the melt into a slag ladle after the components are qualified, adding an Al-10Sr intermediate alloy into the treated melt, wherein the weight of the intermediate alloy accounts for 0.18 wt% of the total amount of the melt, the temperature of the alloy melt is controlled to be 730-740 ℃, stirring and standing for 7min to ensure that the intermediate alloy is fully melted, then adding an Al-Ti-C-B intermediate alloy wire rod, the weight of the Al-Ti-C-B intermediate alloy wire rod accounts for 0.6 wt% of the total amount of the melt, and the temperature of the alloy solution is controlled to be 720-740 ℃.
(5) And (5) adding a sodium-free covering agent accounting for 0.06wt.% of the melt into the melt treated in the step (4) within 2min, directly introducing high-purity nitrogen for refining and degassing, wherein the refining and degassing are carried out twice, the first time is 10 minutes, the second time is 8 minutes, the ventilation pressure is 0.18MPa, and the temperature is controlled at 720-730 ℃.
(6) And (3) carrying out component detection, gas content detection and slag content detection on the refined melt, wherein the qualified standard of the melt is as follows: the density value of the components is 2.611g/cm within the design range 3 The K modulus isNot higher than 0/20. Standing and cooling to 710 ℃, and then preparing a standard tensile test bar by a vacuum die casting process, wherein the vacuum degree is controlled to be 30-50mbar, the die casting temperature is 680-700 ℃, the injection speed is 2m/s, and the casting pressure is 104MPa.
Example 4
A heat treatment-free high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy belongs to an Al-Si-Mn-Mg-X alloy and comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 8.48wt.% of Si, 0.05wt.% of Ni, 0.45wt.% of Mn, 0.19wt.% of Mg, 0.12wt.% of Cr, 0.07wt.% of Zr, 0.06wt.% of Ti, 0.011wt.% of Sr, and the balance of aluminum and inevitable trace impurities, wherein the inevitable trace impurities comprise 0.11wt.% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.01wt.% of other single impurity elements, and less than or equal to 0.1wt.% of other trace impurities. Ensuring that the second phase size is less than 20 μm.
(1) Firstly, preheating pure aluminum, aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, manganese agent, pure chromium, pure zirconium, pure titanium, pure magnesium, aluminum-nickel intermediate alloy and Al-10Sr intermediate alloy to 190 ℃.
(2) Calculating the weight of each required raw material according to the expected alloy components, putting the pure aluminum processed in the step (1) into an industrial smelting furnace, heating to 790-800 ℃, adding a manganese agent, pure chromium, pure zirconium, pure titanium, an aluminum-nickel intermediate alloy and an aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, melting in the industrial smelting furnace, controlling the temperature to 770-780 ℃, adding pure magnesium, and stirring until the pure magnesium is completely melted to obtain an alloy melt.
(3) Adding a deslagging agent, specifically a sodium-free refining agent, into the melt processed in the step (2), wherein the weight of the deslagging agent accounts for 0.1 wt% of the total weight of the melt, and the temperature of the alloy melt is controlled at 730 ℃.
(4) And (3) detecting the components of the melt processed in the step (3), transferring the melt into a slag ladle after the components are qualified, adding an Al-10Sr intermediate alloy into the processed melt, wherein the weight of the intermediate alloy accounts for 0.2 wt% of the total amount of the melt, the temperature of the alloy solution is controlled to be 730-740 ℃, stirring and standing for 10min to ensure that the intermediate alloy is fully melted, then adding an Al-Ti-C-B intermediate alloy wire rod, the weight of the Al-Ti-C-B intermediate alloy wire rod accounts for 0.6 wt% of the total amount of the melt, and the temperature of the alloy melt is controlled to be 720-740 ℃.
(5) Adding a sodium-free covering agent which accounts for 0.1wt.% of the melt into the melt treated in the step (4) within 0.5min, and then directly introducing argon for refining and degassing, wherein the refining and degassing are carried out twice, the first time is 8 minutes, the second time is 3 minutes, the aeration pressure is 0.25MPa, and the temperature is controlled to be 720-730 ℃.
(6) And (3) carrying out component detection, gas content detection and slag content detection on the refined melt, wherein the qualified standard of the melt is as follows: the density value of the components is within the design range and is 2.619g/cm 3 The K modulus is not higher than 0/20. Standing and cooling to 700 ℃, and then preparing a standard tensile test bar by a vacuum die casting process, wherein the vacuum degree is controlled to be 30-50mbar, the die casting temperature is 680-700 ℃, the injection speed is 2m/s, and the casting pressure is 104MPa.
Example 5
A heat treatment-free high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy belongs to Al-Si-Mn-Mg-X alloy and comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 9.47wt.% of Si, 0.81wt.% of Ni, 0.53wt.% of Mn, 0.1wt.% of Mg, 0.11wt.% of Cr, 0.05wt.% of Zr, 0.07wt.% of Ti, 0.015wt.% of Sr, and the balance of aluminum and inevitable trace impurities, wherein the inevitable trace impurities comprise Fe0.11wt.%, the content of other single impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.003wt.%, and the total amount of other trace impurities is less than or equal to 0.01wt.%. Ensuring that the second phase size is less than 20 μm.
(1) Firstly, preheating pure aluminum, industrial silicon, aluminum-nickel intermediate alloy, manganese agent, aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy, aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy, aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy, pure magnesium and Al-10Sr intermediate alloy to 150 ℃.
(2) Calculating the weight of each raw material according to the expected alloy components, putting the pure aluminum processed in the step (1) into an industrial smelting furnace, heating to 770-790 ℃, adding a manganese agent, an aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy, an aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy, an aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy, an aluminum-nickel intermediate alloy and industrial silicon, melting in the industrial smelting furnace, controlling the temperature to 750-760 ℃, and then adding pure magnesium and stirring until the pure magnesium is completely melted to obtain an alloy melt.
(3) Adding a deslagging agent, specifically a sodium-free refining agent, into the melt obtained in the step (2), wherein the weight of the deslagging agent accounts for 0.3 wt% of the total weight of the melt, and the temperature of the alloy melt is controlled at 740 ℃.
(4) And (4) detecting components of the melt processed in the step (3), transferring the melt into a slag ladle after the components are qualified, adding Al-10Sr intermediate alloy into the processed melt, wherein the weight of the Al-10Sr intermediate alloy accounts for 0.25 wt% of the total weight of the melt, the temperature of the alloy melt is controlled to be 730-740 ℃, stirring and standing for 8min to ensure that the intermediate alloy is fully melted, then adding an Al-Ti-C-B intermediate alloy wire rod, the weight of the Al-Ti-C-B intermediate alloy wire rod accounts for 0.7 wt% of the total weight of the melt, and the temperature of the alloy melt is controlled to be 720-740 ℃.
(5) And (5) adding a sodium-free covering agent accounting for 0.08wt.% of the melt into the melt treated in the step (4) within 2min, directly introducing high-purity nitrogen for refining degassing, wherein the refining degassing is performed twice, the first time is 12 min, the second time is 5min, the ventilation pressure is 0.23MPa, and the temperature is controlled at 720-730 ℃.
(6) And (3) carrying out component detection, gas content detection and slag content detection on the refined melt, wherein the qualified standard of the melt is as follows: the density value of the components is within the design range and is 2.625g/cm 3 The K modulus is not higher than 0/20. Standing and cooling to 700 ℃, and then casting into an alloy ingot to obtain the alloy expected by the embodiment. And then preparing a standard tensile test bar by a vacuum die casting process, wherein the vacuum degree is controlled to be 30-50mbar, the die casting temperature is 680-700 ℃, the injection speed is 2m/s, and the casting pressure is 104MPa.
Example 6
A heat treatment-free high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy belongs to Al-Si-Mn-Mg-X alloy and comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 8.17wt.% of Si, 0.51wt.% of Ni, 0.43wt.% of Mn, 0.09wt.% of Mg, 0.13wt.% of Cr, 0.06wt.% of Zr, 0.07wt.% of Ti, 0.014wt.% of Sr, and the balance of aluminum and inevitable trace impurities, wherein the inevitable trace impurities comprise Fe0.12wt.%, the content of other individual impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.003wt.%, and the total amount of other trace impurities is less than or equal to 0.01wt.%. Ensuring that the second phase size is less than 20 μm.
(1) Firstly, preheating pure aluminum, aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, aluminum-nickel intermediate alloy, manganese agent, aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy, aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy, pure zirconium, pure magnesium and Al-10Sr intermediate alloy to 190 ℃.
(2) Calculating the weight of each required raw material according to the expected alloy components, putting the pure aluminum processed in the step (1) into an industrial smelting furnace, heating to 770-780 ℃, adding a manganese agent, an aluminum-nickel intermediate alloy, an aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy, an aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy, pure zirconium and an aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, melting in the industrial smelting furnace, controlling the temperature to 740-750 ℃, and then adding pure magnesium and stirring until the pure magnesium is completely melted to obtain an alloy melt.
(3) Adding a deslagging agent, specifically a sodium-free refining agent, into the melt processed in the step (2), wherein the weight of the deslagging agent accounts for 0.2 wt% of the total weight of the melt, and the temperature of the alloy melt is controlled at 740 ℃.
(4) And (3) detecting the components of the melt processed in the step (3), transferring the melt into a slag ladle after the components are qualified, adding an Al-10Sr intermediate alloy into the processed melt, wherein the weight of the intermediate alloy accounts for 0.3 wt% of the total amount of the melt, the temperature of the alloy melt is controlled to be 730-740 ℃, stirring and standing for 6min to ensure that the intermediate alloy is fully melted, then adding an Al-Ti-C-B intermediate alloy wire rod, the weight of the Al-Ti-C-B intermediate alloy wire rod accounts for 0.7 wt% of the total amount of the melt, and the temperature of the alloy melt is controlled to be 720-740 ℃.
(5) And (5) adding a sodium-free covering agent accounting for 0.05wt.% of the melt into the melt treated in the step (4) within 2min, directly introducing high-purity nitrogen for refining degassing, wherein the refining degassing is performed twice, the first time is 8min, the second time is 2min, the ventilation pressure is 0.24MPa, and the temperature is controlled at 720-730 ℃.
(6) And (3) carrying out component detection, gas content detection and slag content detection on the refined melt, wherein the qualified standard of the melt is as follows: the density value of the components is within the design range and is 2.623g/cm 3 The K modulus is not higher than 0/20. Standing and cooling to 705 ℃, and then casting into an alloy ingot to obtain the alloy expected by the embodiment. And preparing a standard tensile test bar by a vacuum die casting process, wherein the vacuum degree is controlled to be 30-50mbar, the die casting temperature is 680-700 ℃, the injection speed is 2m/s, and the casting pressure is 104MPa.
The performance of the novel aluminum alloy die casting prepared by the invention is shown in the table 1 in comparison with the mechanical properties of a common die casting aluminum alloy A380 and ADC12 die casting and an imported Silafant-36 aluminum alloy die casting for the current automobile structural part.
TABLE 1 mechanical properties of different brands of alloy die castings
Therefore, in the embodiment provided by the invention, the mechanical property change value of the die casting in a die casting state and after high-temperature treatment is 5-9wt.%, the mechanical property change value can meet the requirements of a common high-strength and high-toughness structure die casting, and the thermal stability and the comprehensive mechanical property, particularly the elongation rate of the die casting are obviously higher than those of typical high-strength and high-toughness Silafant-36 aluminum alloy, castasil-37 aluminum alloy and common die casting aluminum alloy.
In conclusion, aiming at the problems of poor strength and toughness, heat treatment requirement, poor thermal stability and the like of the existing Al-Si series alloy die casting, the invention researches a novel aluminum alloy with excellent thermal stability and high toughness, improves the mechanical property, particularly the elongation rate of the casting in a die casting state on the premise of not increasing the cost, has equivalent flow property to the traditional die casting alloy, meets the requirements of the existing industrial production, can be quickly realized on the existing die casting production line, and does not need a large amount of investment.
While the present invention has been described by way of examples, and not by way of limitation, other variations of the disclosed embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing description of the invention, and such variations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (12)
1. The heat-treatment-free high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 7.5 to 9.5wt.% of Si, 0 to 1.5wt.% of Ni, 0.4 to 0.8wt.% of Mn, 0.15 to 0.4wt.% of Mg, 0.08 to 0.3wt.% of Cr, 0.01 to 0.15wt.% of Zr, 0.03 to 0.1wt.% of Ti, 0.005 to 0.025wt.% of Sr, and the balance of aluminum and unavoidable impurity elements, wherein Fe in the unavoidable impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.18wt.%, the content of other single impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.05wt.%, and the total amount of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.3wt.%; controlling the content ratio of Si/Ni not lower than 7, the content ratio of Mn/Cr is 3;
the preparation method of the aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) Preheating raw materials of aluminum, silicon, nickel, manganese, sr, chromium, zirconium, titanium and magnesium to 150 to 200 ℃;
(2) According to the component ratio, putting the aluminum raw material obtained by the step (1) into an industrial smelting furnace, heating to 760 to 800 ℃, adding the manganese, chromium, zirconium, nickel, titanium and silicon raw materials into the smelting furnace to be melted, controlling the temperature at 740 to 780 ℃, and finally adding the magnesium raw material and stirring until the magnesium raw material is completely melted to obtain an alloy melt;
(3) Adding a slag removing agent into the alloy melt obtained in the step (2), and controlling the temperature of the alloy melt at 730-750 ℃;
(4) Detecting the alloy melt obtained in the step (3), adding Sr raw material after the components are qualified, controlling the temperature of the alloy melt at 720-740 ℃, stirring, standing for 5-10min, and then adding an aluminum-titanium-carbon-boron refiner, wherein the weight of the refiner accounts for 0.3-0.8 wt% of the total weight of the alloy melt, and the temperature of the alloy melt is controlled at 720-740 ℃;
(5) Adding a covering agent into the alloy melt obtained in the step (4) within 0-2min, directly refining and degassing, and controlling the temperature at 720-730 ℃ for 5-20 min;
(6) And (3) carrying out component detection, density detection and slag content detection on the alloy melt obtained by refining, standing and cooling to 690-720 ℃ after the detection is qualified, and thus obtaining the heat-treatment-free high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy.
2. The heat-treatment-free high-strength die-casting aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the size of the second phase is less than 20 μm.
3. The heat-treatment-free high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the unavoidable impurity elements comprise Cu, V, P, ca and Zn.
4. The heat-treatment-free high-toughness die-cast aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Mn is 0.4 to 0.6wt.%, the Mg is 0.05 to 0.25wt.%, the Cr is 0.08 to 0.25wt.%, the Zr is 0.03 to 0.12wt.%, and the Sr is 0.01 to 0.025wt.%.
5. The heat-treatment-free high-toughness die-cast aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the Ni content is 0-1.2 wt.%, the Mn content is 0.4-0.55wt.%, the Mg content is 0.05-0.20wt.%, the Cr content is 0.08-0.18wt.%, the Zr content is 0.03-0.12wt.%, the Ti content is 0.03-0.08wt.%, the Sr content is 0.01-0.02wt.%, the Fe content is less than or equal to 0.15wt.%, the content ratio of Si/Ni is not lower than 7, the content ratio of Mn/Cr is 1-4, the content ratio of Cr/Zr is 2.5-1, the content ratio of Cr/Zr is not less than 1, and the total content of other impurities is not less than 0.03wt.%, and the total content of other impurities is not less than 0.2wt.%.
6. The heat-treatment-free high-toughness die-cast aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Si is 7.5 to 9.0wt.%, the Ni is 0 to 1.2wt.%, the Mn is 0.44 to 0.53wt.%, the Mg is 0.05 to 0.2wt.%, the Cr is 0.1 to 0.2wt.%, the Zr is 0.05 to 0.12wt.%, the Ti is 0.05 to 0.1wt.%, the Sr is 0.01 to 0.02wt.%, the Fe is less than or equal to 0.12wt.%, the content ratio of Mn/Cr is controlled to be 3.5 to 1 to 4, the content ratio of Cr/Zr is 2.5 to 1 to 3, the content of other single impurity elements in unavoidable impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.03wt.%, and the total content of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.2wt.%.
7. The heat-treatment-free high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aluminum raw material is pure aluminum or electrolytic aluminum, the silicon raw material is aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy or industrial silicon or instant silicon, the nickel raw material is aluminum-nickel intermediate alloy or pure nickel, the manganese raw material is aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy or manganese agent, the Sr raw material is Al-10Sr intermediate alloy, the chromium raw material is pure chromium or aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy, the zirconium raw material is pure zirconium or aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy, the titanium raw material is pure titanium or titanium agent or aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy, the aluminum-titanium-carbon-boron refiner is aluminum-titanium-carbon-boron intermediate alloy wire rod, and the magnesium raw material is pure magnesium.
8. The heat-treatment-free high-strength and high-toughness die-cast aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weight of the Sr raw material added in the step (4) accounts for 0.1 to 0.3 wt% of the total amount of the alloy melt, and the weight of the aluminum-titanium-carbon-boron refiner added accounts for 0.4 to 0.7 wt% of the total amount of the alloy melt.
9. The heat-treatment-free high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the aluminum-titanium-carbon-boron refiner, the mass percent of titanium element is 4-6 wt.%, the mass percent of carbon element is 0.09-0.1wt.%, and the mass percent of boron element is 0.08-0.12wt.%.
10. The heat-treatment-free high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weight of the slag remover added in the step (3) accounts for 0.1 to 0.3wt.% of the total weight of the alloy melt, and the added slag remover is a sodium-free refining agent; and (5) adding 0.05-0.1 wt% of a sodium-free covering agent as a covering agent, refining, degassing, introducing argon or high-purity nitrogen, and introducing pressure of 0.18-0.25MPa.
11. The heat-treatment-free high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the alloy melt detection qualification standard of the step (6) is as follows: qualified components, density value not less than 2.61g/cm 3 The K modulus is not higher than 1/20.
12. The heat-treatment-free high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the obtained aluminum alloy can be made into stressed structural members or chassis members of automobiles by a vacuum die-casting forming method.
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