CN104630577A - Heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy and pressure casting method thereof - Google Patents
Heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy and pressure casting method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104630577A CN104630577A CN201510039593.7A CN201510039593A CN104630577A CN 104630577 A CN104630577 A CN 104630577A CN 201510039593 A CN201510039593 A CN 201510039593A CN 104630577 A CN104630577 A CN 104630577A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy and a pressure casting method thereof. The aluminum alloy consists of the following elements according to certain weight percentage: Si, Cu, Ni, Mg, Ti, RE, Mn, Fe and the balance of Al. After pressure casting of the heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy provided by the invention, the tensile strength (sigma)b of the alloy at room temperature is greater than or equal to 400MPa, the tensile strength (sigma)b at 300 DEG C is greater than or equal to 210MPa, and the tensile strength (sigma)b at 350 DEG C is greater than or equal to 130MPa; and the elongation delta at room temperature is greater than or equal to 2.0%, the elongation delta at 300 DEG C is greater than or equal to 6.0%, and the elongation delta at 350 DEG C is greater than or equal to 14.0%. By comparing the alloy and pressure casting preparation method thereof provided by the invention with the existing Al-Si cast aluminum alloy and the pressure casting preparation method thereof, the casting performance is improved, the room-temperature and high-temperature mechanical properties of the alloy are remarkably improved, and the application range of the Al-Si cast aluminum alloy is widened.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of cast aluminium alloy and preparation method thereof, and specifically birmastic and pressure die casting preparation method thereof, belong to class of metal materials and field of metallurgy.
Background technology
Along with the shortage of Global Oil resource, various countries have put into effect the automobile exhaust emission standard of increasingly stringent, produce lightweight, oil consumption is few, the new automobile of environment-friendly type is topic increasingly serious in automotive industry.In order to the efficiency reducing energy consumption, reduce topsoil, improve engine, improve the important development trend that temperature of combustion has become engine, accordingly the hot strength of engine fittings is had higher requirement.Piston is called as the heart of engine, and it is one of most important part in engine, and its function bears gaseous tension, and passes to connecting rod by wrist pin and order about crankshaft rotation.When engine operation, piston directly contacts with the high-temperature gas of transient temperature 2200 DEG C, and its head temperature reaches 300 ~ 400 DEG C, and also subjects very large gaseous tension, and petrol motor reaches 4 ~ 5MPa, and diesel engine is up to 8 ~ 9MPa, even higher.Therefore piston subjects high temperature, the thermal load of high pressure and mechanical load.Along with improving constantly of engine power, the mechanical property of piston aluminium alloy, the performance such as thermotolerance and wear resistance are had higher requirement.
Because piston mainly at high temperature uses, and mainly improve the Mg of Alloy At Room Temperature intensity
2si, Al
2the at high temperature alligatoring of the Age-prrcipitation Phases such as Cu, is difficult to play effective anchoring effect to crystal boundary again.And the chemically reactive of rare earth is between alkali and alkaline earth metal ions, more active than other metals.Rare earth plays the effect such as refinement primary silicon and Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys, microalloying and purification melt in aluminium alloy castingprocesses.In aluminium alloy, the crystal structure of most of Copper component is all very thick, directly affects the mechanical property of alloy, falls low-alloyed mobility, increases inhomogeneity of structure, adds rare earth, can change the existing forms of iron phase, improves the castability of aluminium alloy.Multiple element in rare earth and aluminium alloy forms many intermetallic compounds containing rare earth, these are that the high melting compound of Dispersed precipitate has good thermotolerance and thermostability, in net distribution in crystal boundary or interdendritic, refinement tissue, effectively hinder matrix distortion and crystal boundary moves and plays good pinning effect to dislocation moving, thus significantly improve the high-temperature behavior of alloy.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide that a kind of high-temperature behavior is excellent, castability is good, technology stability is good and the birmastic that Financial cost is low and pressure die casting preparation method thereof, be particularly useful in the piston of vehicular engine.
The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
On the one hand, the invention provides a kind of birmastic, its elementary composition as follows by percentage: Si9.0 ~ 14.5%, Cu2.0 ~ 5.5%, Ni1.0 ~ 3.5%, Mg0.6 ~ 1.5%, Ti0.05 ~ 0.2%, RE0.01 ~ 1.5%, Mn0.05 ~ 0.25%, Fe0.6 ~ 1.3%, surplus is Al and inevitable impurity.
Preferably, described RE is at least one in Gd, Y, Nd, Sm, Er, Yb, La.
On the other hand, present invention also offers a kind of castmethod of described birmastic, it comprises the steps:
A, molten alloy, obtain aluminium alloy melt;
B, pressure die casting is carried out to described aluminium alloy melt, obtain aluminum alloy casting.
Preferably, step a specifically comprises following operation:
Commercial-purity aluminium, pure magnesium, Al-Si master alloy, Al-Cu master alloy, Al-Ni master alloy, Al-Mn master alloy, rare earth intermediate alloy and Al-Ti-B master alloy are carried out preheating respectively at 200 ~ 250 DEG C;
Described commercial-purity aluminium is melted, treat that commercial-purity aluminium melts a half and adds Al-Si master alloy, stir evenly after commercial-purity aluminium and Al-Si master alloy all melt, Al-Cu master alloy is added at 720 ~ 740 DEG C, Al-Ni master alloy, Al-Mn master alloy and rare earth intermediate alloy, stir evenly after insulation, Al-Ti-B master alloy is added after 710 ~ 730 DEG C, stir after leaving standstill, pure magnesium is added at 700 ~ 720 DEG C, after described pure magnesium melts completely, 710 ~ 730 DEG C time, add refining agent carry out refining, 20 ~ 40 minutes are left standstill after refining, surface scum is skimmed at 680 ~ 700 DEG C, obtain aluminium alloy melt.
Preferably, the dosage of described refining agent is lower than 5% of all raw material gross weights.
Preferably, described refining agent is the conventional aluminum refining agent containing inorganic salt such as sodium salt, sylvite, villiaumites or hexachloroethane.
Preferably, step b specifically comprises following operation:
By described aluminium alloy melt at 660 ~ 700 DEG C, with the speed injection of 0.2 ~ 3.0m/s in the mould being preheated to 200 ~ 250 DEG C.
In Al-Si alloy, Si amount is general between 4% ~ 20%, and aluminum silicon alloy castability such as mobility, hot crackability of (9% ~ 14%) near eutectic composition is best.The elements such as Cu, Mg are added in Al-Si alloy, can the medium-temperature reinforced phase Al of forming chamber
2cu, Mg
2si and High-Temperature Strengthening phase Al
5cu
2mg
8si
6, in usual Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy, the add-on of Cu is when below 5.0wt.%, Mg add-on is 1wt.%, and the mechanical property of alloy is best.Ni joins in Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy can form Al
3ni, Al
3cuNi and Al
7cu
4the heat-resisting strengthening phase such as Ni, these complicated strengthening phases not only can improve alloy mechanical property, can also reduce the alloy wire coefficient of expansion.For pressure die casting Al-Si system alloy, Fe content must be greater than 0.6wt.% to prevent sticking to mould and to put forward heavy alloyed high-temperature behavior, but then can form thick sheet and needlelike phase in the base during Fe too high levels, the intensity of alloy and plasticity are reduced, therefore add the harmful effect that Mn reduces Fe alloy in the alloy, and appropriate Mn also can put forward heavy alloyed thermotolerance and compactness.Pressure die casting is compared with Castingother method, and having the advantages such as the high and economical effectiveness of good product quality, production efficiency is excellent, is the casting technique that current production efficiency is the highest.
Alloy of the present invention mainly utilizes the alloying action of rare earth, and because RE is the more active element of chemical property, the elements such as itself and copper, nickel, manganese form the intermetallic compound of high-temperature heat-resistance, can stable existence 350 DEG C time.The heat-resisting grain boundaries at piston alloy formed plays good pinning effect, hinders the movement of dislocation during distortion, enhances alloy high-temp performance, make foundry goods can bear higher thermal load.In addition, in cast aluminium alloy, add RE, can significantly fall low-alloyed stacking fault energy, suppress climbing and commutative Banach aglebra of dislocation under high temperature, make alloy have better hot strength, the room temperature tensile intensity σ of alloy
b>=400MPa, 300 DEG C of tensile strength sigma
b>=210MPa, 350 DEG C of tensile strength sigma
b>=130MPa; Room temperature unit elongation δ>=2.0%, 300 DEG C of unit elongation δ>=6.0%, 350 DEG C of unit elongation δ>=14.0%.
The present invention has the following advantages compared with existing piston material:
1) it is excellent that the alloy material that prepared by present method has high-temperature behavior, and the features such as hardness is high, and thermal expansivity is little, meet the requirement of high-performance piston of automotive engine, for the breakthrough of aluminium alloy industry in novel material performance have accumulated experience.
2) appropriate RE can increase substantially the hot strength of existing high-performance piston alloy.The element such as rare earth and Al, Si, Cu, Ni, Mg forms rare earth compound, substantially increases room temperature and the hot strength of alloy.Use RE-treated, refinement primary silicon and Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys, unit elongation is also improved.
3) rare earth plays again cleansing soln, degasification slagging-off effect in metallic solution, decreases defect, puies forward heavy alloyed performance further.
4) technique does not need complicated operation and equipment, foundry goods has excellent castability, strong operability, is convenient to promote produce.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.Following examples will contribute to those skilled in the art and understand the present invention further, but not limit the present invention in any form.It should be pointed out that to those skilled in the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, some distortion and improvement can also be made.These all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Various master alloys used in the present invention are commercially available prod.
embodiment 1:
The alloying constituent (weight percent) of the birmastic described in the present embodiment: 11.69%Si, 3.96%Cu, 2.0%Ni, 0.76%Mg, 0.18%Mn, 0.1%Ti, 1.5%Gd, 1.3%Fe, other inevitable impurity are less than 0.2%, and all the other are Al.The melting technology concrete steps of this alloy are: melting raw material is preheated to 200 DEG C by (1) in an oven, be incubated more than 2 hours, the surface cleaning such as Slag Tool, bell jar rust cleaning painting is coated, this coating adopts 25% talcum powder and 5% water glass to add appropriate water mediation and forms, be placed in the baking of stove surface again, storing temperature is 200 DEG C, toasts after 1 hour and clears up, to prevent the increasing iron of alloy in fusion process; (2) preheated crucible to 400 DEG C, adds commercial-purity aluminium in crucible bottom, and namely fine aluminium starts fusing at 680 ~ 700 DEG C, adds Al-35Si master alloy when fine aluminium melts 1/2, all stirs with graphite rod after fusing and makes it mix; (3) be cooled to 730 DEG C and add Al-50Cu master alloy, Al-10Ni master alloy, Al-10Mn master alloy, Mg-90Gd master alloy, stir and make it melt completely; (4) be cooled to 710 DEG C and add Al-Ti-B master alloy, stir, leave standstill 3 ~ 5 minutes; (6) be pressed in aluminum alloy melt with the pure magnesium that aluminium foil wraps up by bell jar 700 DEG C time, stir and make it fully melt; (7) carry out refining when being warming up to 720 DEG C, be pressed into horizontal turning movement in aluminium liquid with the three-in-one refining agent that aluminium foil wraps up by bell jar during refining, survey the content of hydrogen after about 10min refining, and carry out stokehold inspection; (8) under the teeming temperature of 680 DEG C, leave standstill 20min, skim surface scum, obtain aluminium alloy melt, cast prepares; (9) die casting: keep aluminium alloy melt temperature to be 660 DEG C, die temperature is 200 DEG C, injection speed 0.2m/s.
The heat-resisting aluminium alloy room temperature tensile intensity of casting in this example is 410Mpa, unit elongation 3.0%; 300 DEG C of tensile strength are 220MPa, unit elongation 6.5%; 350 DEG C of tensile strength are 140MPa, unit elongation 14.8%.
embodiment 2:
The alloying constituent (weight percent) of the birmastic described in the present embodiment: 9.0%Si, 2.0%Cu, 1.0%Ni, 0.6%Mg, 0.05%Mn, 0.05%Ti, 0.01%Gd, 0.05%Y, 1.2%Fe, other inevitable impurity are less than 0.2%, and all the other are Al.The melting technology concrete steps of this alloy are: melting raw material is preheated to 250 DEG C by (1) in an oven, be incubated more than 2 hours, the surface cleaning such as Slag Tool, bell jar rust cleaning painting is coated, this coating adopts 25% talcum powder and 5% water glass to add appropriate water mediation and forms, be placed in the baking of stove surface again, storing temperature is 220 DEG C, toasts after 1 hour and clears up, to prevent the increasing iron of alloy in fusion process; (2) preheated crucible to 400 DEG C, adds commercial-purity aluminium in crucible bottom, and namely fine aluminium starts fusing at 680 ~ 700 DEG C, adds Al-35Si master alloy when fine aluminium melts 1/2, all stirs with graphite rod after fusing and makes it mix; (3) be cooled to 720 DEG C and add Al-50Cu master alloy, Al-10Ni master alloy, Al-10Mn master alloy, Mg-90Gd master alloy, Mg-25Y master alloy, stir and make it melt completely; (4) be cooled to 720 DEG C and add Al-Ti-B master alloy, stir, leave standstill 3 ~ 5 minutes; (6) be pressed in aluminum alloy melt with the pure magnesium that aluminium foil wraps up by bell jar 710 DEG C time, stir and make it fully melt; (7) carry out refining when being warming up to 730 DEG C, be pressed into horizontal turning movement in aluminium liquid with the hexachloroethane refining agent that aluminium foil wraps up by bell jar during refining, survey the content of hydrogen after about 10min refining, and carry out stokehold inspection; (8) under the teeming temperature of 690 DEG C, leave standstill 30min, skim surface scum, obtain aluminium alloy melt, cast prepares; (9) pressure die casting: keep aluminium alloy melt temperature to be 680 DEG C, die temperature is 225 DEG C, injection speed 0.5m/s.
The heat-resisting aluminium alloy room temperature tensile intensity of casting in this example is 300Mpa, unit elongation 2.7%; 300 DEG C of tensile strength are 212MPa, unit elongation 6.5%; 350 DEG C of tensile strength are 134MPa, unit elongation 15.8%.
embodiment 3:
The alloying constituent (weight percent) of the birmastic described in the present embodiment: 9.5%Si, 5.5%Cu, 3.5%Ni, 1.5%Mg, 0.25%Mn, 0.2%Ti, 0.05%Gd, 0.1%Y, 0.02%Nd, 1.0%Fe, other inevitable impurity are less than 0.2%, and all the other are Al.The melting technology concrete steps of this alloy are: melting raw material is preheated to 220 DEG C by (1) in an oven, be incubated more than 2 hours, the surface cleaning such as Slag Tool, bell jar rust cleaning painting is coated, this coating adopts 25% talcum powder and 5% water glass to add appropriate water mediation and forms, be placed in the baking of stove surface again, storing temperature is 200 DEG C, toasts after 1 hour and clears up, to prevent the increasing iron of alloy in fusion process; (2) preheated crucible to 500 DEG C, adds commercial-purity aluminium in crucible bottom, and namely fine aluminium starts fusing at 680 ~ 700 DEG C, adds Al-35Si master alloy when fine aluminium melts 1/2, all stirs with graphite rod after fusing and makes it mix; (3) be cooled to 740 DEG C and add Al-50Cu master alloy, Al-10Ni master alloy, Al-10Mn master alloy, Mg-90Gd master alloy, Mg-25Y master alloy, Mg-90Nd master alloy, stir and make it melt completely; (4) be cooled to 720 DEG C and add Al-Ti-B master alloy, stir, leave standstill 3 ~ 5 minutes; (6) be pressed in aluminum alloy melt with the pure magnesium that aluminium foil wraps up by bell jar 720 DEG C time, stir and make it fully melt; (7) carry out refining when being warming up to 740 DEG C, be pressed into horizontal turning movement in aluminium liquid with the three-in-one refining agent that aluminium foil wraps up by bell jar during refining, survey the content of hydrogen after about 10min refining, and carry out stokehold inspection; (8) under the teeming temperature of 700 DEG C, leave standstill 40min, skim surface scum, obtain aluminium alloy melt, cast prepares; (9) pressure die casting: keep aluminium alloy melt temperature to be 700 DEG C, die temperature is 250 DEG C, injection speed 1.0m/s.。
The heat-resisting aluminium alloy room temperature tensile intensity of casting in this example is 405Mpa, unit elongation 2.6%; 300 DEG C of tensile strength are 224MPa, unit elongation 6.5%; 350 DEG C of tensile strength are 140MPa, unit elongation 15.0%.
embodiment 4:
The alloying constituent (weight percent) of the birmastic described in the present embodiment: 10.5%Si, 4.5%Cu, 2.5%Ni, 0.9%Mg, 0.2%Mn, 0.1%Ti, 0.2%Gd, 0.3%Y, 0.15%Nd, 0.02%Sm, 0.9%Fe, other inevitable impurity are less than 0.2%, and all the other are Al.The melting technology concrete steps of this alloy are: melting raw material is preheated to 220 DEG C by (1) in an oven, be incubated more than 2 hours, the surface cleaning such as Slag Tool, bell jar rust cleaning painting is coated, this coating adopts 25% talcum powder and 5% water glass to add appropriate water mediation and forms, be placed in the baking of stove surface again, storing temperature is 220 DEG C, toasts after 1 hour and clears up, to prevent the increasing iron of alloy in fusion process; (2) preheated crucible to 450 DEG C, adds commercial-purity aluminium in crucible bottom, and namely fine aluminium starts fusing at 680 ~ 700 DEG C, adds Al-35Si master alloy when fine aluminium melts 1/2, all stirs with graphite rod after fusing and makes it mix; (3) be cooled to 720 DEG C and add Al-50Cu master alloy, Al-10Ni master alloy, Al-10Mn master alloy, Mg-90Gd master alloy, Mg-25Y master alloy, Mg-90Nd master alloy, Mg-20Sm master alloy, stir and make it melt completely; (4) be cooled to 710 DEG C and add Al-Ti-B master alloy, stir, leave standstill 3 ~ 5 minutes; (6) be pressed in aluminum alloy melt with the pure magnesium that aluminium foil wraps up by bell jar 700 DEG C time, stir and make it fully melt; (7) carry out refining when being warming up to 710 DEG C, be pressed into horizontal turning movement in aluminium liquid with the three-in-one refining agent that aluminium foil wraps up by bell jar during refining, survey the content of hydrogen after about 10min refining, and carry out stokehold inspection; (8) under the teeming temperature of 680 DEG C, leave standstill 40min, skim surface scum, obtain aluminium alloy melt, cast prepares; (9) pressure die casting: keep aluminium alloy melt temperature to be 680 DEG C, die temperature is 200 DEG C, injection speed 2.0m/s.
The heat-resisting aluminium alloy room temperature tensile intensity of casting in this example is 407Mpa, unit elongation 2.8%; 300 DEG C of tensile strength are 216MPa, unit elongation 6.3%; 350 DEG C of tensile strength are 135MPa, unit elongation 14.8%.
embodiment 5:
The alloying constituent (weight percent) of the birmastic described in the present embodiment: 12.5%Si, 3.5%Cu, 1.5%Ni, 1.2%Mg, 0.16%Mn, 0.15%Ti, 0.1%Gd, 0.1%Y, 0.05%Nd, 0.2%Sm, 0.1%Er, 0.8%Fe, other inevitable impurity are less than 0.2%, and all the other are Al.The melting technology concrete steps of this alloy are: melting raw material is preheated to 230 DEG C by (1) in an oven, be incubated more than 2 hours, the surface cleaning such as Slag Tool, bell jar rust cleaning painting is coated, this coating adopts 25% talcum powder and 5% water glass to add appropriate water mediation and forms, be placed in the baking of stove surface again, storing temperature is 200 DEG C, toasts after 1 hour and clears up, to prevent the increasing iron of alloy in fusion process; (2) preheated crucible to 420 DEG C, adds commercial-purity aluminium in crucible bottom, and namely fine aluminium starts fusing at 680 ~ 700 DEG C, adds Al-35Si master alloy when fine aluminium melts 1/2, all stirs with graphite rod after fusing and makes it mix; (3) be cooled to 720 DEG C and add Al-50Cu master alloy, Al-10Ni master alloy, Al-10Mn master alloy, Mg-90Gd master alloy, Al-5Y master alloy, Mg-90Nd master alloy, Mg-20Sm master alloy, Al-20Er master alloy, stir and make it melt completely; (4) be cooled to 710 DEG C and add Al-Ti-B master alloy, stir, leave standstill 3 ~ 5 minutes; (5) be pressed in aluminum alloy melt with the pure magnesium that aluminium foil wraps up by bell jar 700 DEG C time, stir and make it fully melt; (6) carry out refining when being warming up to 710 DEG C, be pressed into horizontal turning movement in aluminium liquid with the hexachloroethane refining agent that aluminium foil wraps up by bell jar during refining, survey the content of hydrogen after about 10min refining, and carry out stokehold inspection; (7) under the teeming temperature of 690 DEG C, leave standstill 20min, skim surface scum, obtain aluminium alloy melt, cast prepares; (8) pressure die casting: keep aluminium alloy melt temperature to be 690 DEG C, die temperature is 200 DEG C, injection speed 3.0m/s.
The heat-resisting aluminium alloy room temperature tensile intensity of casting in this example is 402Mpa, unit elongation 2.3%; 300 DEG C of tensile strength are 213MPa, unit elongation 6.8%; 350 DEG C of tensile strength are 131MPa, unit elongation 15.1%.
embodiment 6:
The alloying constituent (weight percent) of the birmastic described in the present embodiment: 13.0%Si, 3.0%Cu, 1.75%Ni, 1.3%Mg, 0.2%Mn, 0.15%Ti, 0.05%Gd, 0.1%Y, 0.05%Nd, 0.02%Sm, 0.7%Er, 0.02%La, 0.7%Fe, other inevitable impurity are less than 0.2%, and all the other are Al.(
The melting technology concrete steps of this alloy are: melting raw material is preheated to 240 DEG C by (1) in an oven, be incubated more than 2 hours, the surface cleaning such as Slag Tool, bell jar rust cleaning painting is coated, this coating adopts 25% talcum powder and 5% water glass to add appropriate water mediation and forms, be placed in the baking of stove surface again, storing temperature is 200 DEG C, toasts after 1 hour and clears up, to prevent the increasing iron of alloy in fusion process; (2) preheated crucible to 420 DEG C, adds commercial-purity aluminium in crucible bottom, and namely fine aluminium starts fusing at 680 ~ 700 DEG C, adds Al-35Si master alloy when fine aluminium melts 1/2, all stirs with graphite rod after fusing and makes it mix; (3) be cooled to 720 DEG C and add Al-50Cu master alloy, Al-10Ni master alloy, Al-10Mn master alloy, Mg-90Gd master alloy, Al-5Y master alloy, Mg-90Nd master alloy, Mg-20Sm master alloy, Al-20Er master alloy, Al-20La master alloy, stir and make it melt completely; (4) be cooled to 720 DEG C and add Al-Ti-B master alloy, stir, leave standstill 3 ~ 5 minutes; (5) be pressed in aluminum alloy melt with the pure magnesium that aluminium foil wraps up by bell jar 710 DEG C time, stir and make it fully melt; (6) carry out refining when being warming up to 720 DEG C, be pressed into horizontal turning movement in aluminium liquid with the three-in-one refining agent that aluminium foil wraps up by bell jar during refining, survey the content of hydrogen after about 10min refining, and carry out stokehold inspection; (7) under the teeming temperature of 690 DEG C, leave standstill 30min, skim surface scum, obtain aluminium alloy melt, cast prepares; (8) pressure die casting: keep aluminium alloy melt temperature to be 670 DEG C, die temperature is 200 DEG C, injection speed 1.0m/s.
The heat-resisting aluminium alloy room temperature tensile intensity of casting in this example is 405Mpa, unit elongation 2.0%; 300 DEG C of tensile strength are 211MPa, unit elongation 6.3%; 350 DEG C of tensile strength are 135MPa, unit elongation 14.0%.
embodiment 7:
The alloying constituent (weight percent) of the birmastic described in the present embodiment: 9.0%Si, 4.0%Cu, 2.5%Ni, 1.4%Mg, 0.22%Mn, 0.18%Ti, 0.05%Gd, 0.05%Y, 0.02%Nd, 0.02%Sm, 0.1%Er, 0.6%La, 0.1%Yb, 0.6%Fe, other inevitable impurity are less than 0.2%, and all the other are Al.
The melting technology concrete steps of this alloy are: melting raw material is preheated to 200 DEG C by (1) in an oven, be incubated more than 2 hours, the surface cleaning such as Slag Tool, bell jar rust cleaning painting is coated, this coating adopts 25% talcum powder and 5% water glass to add appropriate water mediation and forms, be placed in the baking of stove surface again, storing temperature is 200 DEG C, toasts after 1 hour and clears up, to prevent the increasing iron of alloy in fusion process; (2) preheated crucible to 400 DEG C, adds commercial-purity aluminium in crucible bottom, and namely fine aluminium starts fusing at 680 ~ 700 DEG C, adds Al-35Si master alloy when fine aluminium melts 1/2, all stirs with graphite rod after fusing and makes it mix; (3) be cooled to 720 DEG C and add Al-50Cu master alloy, Al-10Ni master alloy, Al-10Mn master alloy, Mg-90Gd master alloy, Al-5Y master alloy, Mg-90Nd master alloy, Mg-20Sm master alloy, Al-20Er master alloy, Al-20La master alloy, Al-10Yb master alloy, stir and make it melt completely; (4) be cooled to 720 DEG C and add Al-Ti-B master alloy, stir, leave standstill 3 ~ 5 minutes; (5) be pressed in aluminum alloy melt with the pure magnesium that aluminium foil wraps up by bell jar 710 DEG C time, stir and make it fully melt; (6) carry out refining when being warming up to 720 DEG C, be pressed into horizontal turning movement in aluminium liquid with the hexachloroethane refining agent that aluminium foil wraps up by bell jar during refining, survey the content of hydrogen after about 10min refining, and carry out stokehold inspection; (7) under the teeming temperature of 690 DEG C, leave standstill 30min, skim surface scum, obtain aluminium alloy melt, cast prepares; (8) pressure die casting: keep aluminium alloy melt temperature to be 690 DEG C, die temperature is 200 DEG C, injection speed 1.5m/s.
The heat-resisting aluminium alloy room temperature tensile intensity of casting in this example is 412Mpa, unit elongation 2.2%; 300 DEG C of tensile strength are 211MPa, unit elongation 6.4%; 350 DEG C of tensile strength are 134MPa, unit elongation 14.4%.
embodiment 8:
The alloying constituent (weight percent) of the birmastic described in the present embodiment: 14.5%Si, 4.0%Cu, 2.5%Ni, 1.4%Mg, 0.22%Mn, 0.18%Ti, 0.05%Gd, 0.05%Y, 0.02%Nd, 0.02%Sm, 0.1%Er, 0.02%La, 0.7%Yb, 1.1%Fe, other inevitable impurity are less than 0.2%, and all the other are Al.
The melting technology concrete steps of this alloy are: melting raw material is preheated to 200 DEG C by (1) in an oven, be incubated more than 2 hours, the surface cleaning such as Slag Tool, bell jar rust cleaning painting is coated, this coating adopts 25% talcum powder and 5% water glass to add appropriate water mediation and forms, be placed in the baking of stove surface again, storing temperature is 200 DEG C, toasts after 1 hour and clears up, to prevent the increasing iron of alloy in fusion process; (2) preheated crucible to 400 DEG C, adds commercial-purity aluminium in crucible bottom, and namely fine aluminium starts fusing at 680 ~ 700 DEG C, adds Al-35Si master alloy when fine aluminium melts 1/2, all stirs with graphite rod after fusing and makes it mix; (3) be cooled to 720 DEG C and add Al-50Cu master alloy, Al-10Ni master alloy, Al-10Mn master alloy, Mg-90Gd master alloy, Al-5Y master alloy, Mg-90Nd master alloy, Mg-20Sm master alloy, Al-20Er master alloy, Al-20La master alloy, Al-10Yb master alloy, stir and make it melt completely; (4) be cooled to 720 DEG C and add Al-Ti-B master alloy, stir, leave standstill 3 ~ 5 minutes; (5) be pressed in aluminum alloy melt with the pure magnesium that aluminium foil wraps up by bell jar 710 DEG C time, stir and make it fully melt; (6) carry out refining when being warming up to 720 DEG C, be pressed into horizontal turning movement in aluminium liquid with the three-in-one refining agent that aluminium foil wraps up by bell jar during refining, survey the content of hydrogen after about 10min refining, and carry out stokehold inspection; (7) under the teeming temperature of 690 DEG C, leave standstill 35min, skim surface scum, obtain aluminium alloy melt, cast prepares; (8) pressure die casting: keep aluminium alloy melt temperature to be 690 DEG C, die temperature is 200 DEG C, injection speed 2.5m/s.
The heat-resisting aluminium alloy room temperature tensile intensity of casting in this example is 405Mpa, unit elongation 2.1%; 300 DEG C of tensile strength are 216MPa, unit elongation 6.2%; 350 DEG C of tensile strength are 131MPa, unit elongation 14.5%.
Above specific embodiments of the invention are described.It is to be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned particular implementation, those skilled in the art can make various distortion or amendment within the scope of the claims, and this does not affect flesh and blood of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a birmastic, is characterized in that, elementary composition as follows by percentage:
Si9.0 ~ 14.5%, Cu2.0 ~ 5.5%, Ni1.0 ~ 3.5%, Mg0.6 ~ 1.5%, Ti0.05 ~ 0.2%, RE0.01 ~ 1.5%, Mn0.05 ~ 0.25%, Fe0.6 ~ 1.3%, surplus is Al and inevitable impurity.
2. birmastic as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described RE is at least one in Gd, Y, Nd, Sm, Er, Yb, La.
3. a castmethod for birmastic as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
A, molten alloy, obtain aluminium alloy melt;
B, pressure die casting is carried out to described aluminium alloy melt, obtain aluminum alloy casting.
4. castmethod as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, step a specifically comprises following operation:
Commercial-purity aluminium, pure magnesium, Al-Si master alloy, Al-Cu master alloy, Al-Ni master alloy, Al-Mn master alloy, rare earth intermediate alloy and Al-Ti-B master alloy are carried out preheating respectively at 200 ~ 250 DEG C;
Described commercial-purity aluminium is melted, treat that commercial-purity aluminium melts a half and adds Al-Si master alloy, stir evenly after commercial-purity aluminium and Al-Si master alloy all melt, Al-Cu master alloy is added at 720 ~ 740 DEG C, Al-Ni master alloy, Al-Mn master alloy and rare earth intermediate alloy, stir evenly after insulation, Al-Ti-B master alloy is added after 710 ~ 730 DEG C, stir after leaving standstill, pure magnesium is added at 700 ~ 720 DEG C, after described pure magnesium melts completely, 710 ~ 730 DEG C time, add refining agent carry out refining, 20 ~ 40 minutes are left standstill after refining, surface scum is skimmed at 680 ~ 700 DEG C, obtain aluminium alloy melt.
5. castmethod as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, the dosage of described refining agent is lower than 5% of all raw material gross weights.
6. the castmethod as described in claim 4 or 5, is characterized in that, described refining agent is the conventional aluminum refining agent containing inorganic salt or hexachloroethane.
7. castmethod as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, step b specifically comprises following operation:
By described aluminium alloy melt at 660 ~ 700 DEG C, with the speed injection of 0.2 ~ 3.0m/s in the mould being preheated to 200 ~ 250 DEG C.
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