CN110000360A - The tough high-modulus aluminum alloy materials of height and its preparation based on Extrution casting technique - Google Patents
The tough high-modulus aluminum alloy materials of height and its preparation based on Extrution casting technique Download PDFInfo
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- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/02—Pressure casting making use of mechanical pressure devices, e.g. cast-forging
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Abstract
The invention discloses based on Extrution casting technique the tough high-modulus aluminum alloy materials of height and its preparation, institute's aluminum alloy materials are made of the following element of mass percentage, Mg:2.5%~6.0%, Zn:3.0%~6.0%, Cu:0.5%~2.0%, the one or two of rare earth element ce, La: 0.01%~1.2%, Ti:0.00005%~0.5%, B:0.00001%~0.1%, one or more of Mn, Cr, V: 2.0%~10.0%, surplus is Al, impurity≤0.45%；One of Mn, Cr, V or a variety of and rare earth element ce, La is added simultaneously into matrix alloy by composite alloying, reach and improves alloy elastic modulus, and the mechanical property for keeping matrix alloy excellent, and preparation method is simple, technology stability is good, technique degree of controllability is high.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of metal material, and in particular to the tough high-modulus aluminium of height based on Extrution casting technique closes
Golden material further relates to the preparation method of above-mentioned aluminum alloy materials.
Background technique
Aluminium alloy is the alloy general name using aluminium as base.Main alloy element has copper, silicon, magnesium, zinc, manganese, secondary alloying element
There are nickel, iron, titanium, chromium, lithium etc..Aluminium alloy is most widely used one kind non-ferrous metal structural material in industry, in aviation, boat
It, automobile, machine-building, widely applied in ship and chemical industry.
Aluminium alloy density is low, but intensity is relatively high, and near or above high-quality steel, plasticity is good, can be processed into various profiles, tool
There are excellent electric conductivity, thermal conductivity and corrosion stability, be industrially widely used, usage amount is only second to steel.Aluminium alloy is in vapour in recent years
Vehicle industrial application is more and more, and to aluminium alloy capability, more stringent requirements are proposed for the application of automobile industry, some important components, such as
Automobile clamp not only require aluminium alloy intensity with higher, while also needing high elasticity modulus, beyond used at present normal
Elasticity modulus with aluminium alloy elasticity modulus range, usual aluminium alloy is 72GPa, is unable to satisfy it and is used to prepare auto parts and components
Requirement.
In the prior art, the method for improving aluminium alloy elasticity modulus mainly has alloying and Composite；Wherein, alloying
Method, which mainly passes through, to be added lithium (Li) and prepares aluminium lithium alloy, as Chinese patent literature CN105648283A disclose a kind of low-density,
High rigidity Casting Al-Li Alloy and preparation method thereof, elasticity modulus is not less than 78GPa, but Li element property is active, at high cost, main
It is used for aerospace field；SiC, Ti is mainly added in Composite method2The particle preparations aluminum matrix composite such as B, such as China are specially
Sharp document CN106834833A discloses a kind of high-modulus, the strong TiB of superelevation2Particle REINFORCED Al-Zn-Mg-Cu composite material and its system
Preparation Method can obtain the aluminium alloy of high-modulus, but its complex process, at high cost, be mainly used for aerospace field, compel to be essential
It wants that development technology is simple, the low-cost tough high-modulus aluminium alloy of height is for automotive field, pushes automotive light weight technology development.
Summary of the invention
The main purpose of the present invention is to provide the tough high-modulus aluminum alloy materials of height based on Extrution casting technique, materials
Good mechanical performance, elasticity modulus are high, solve in automotive light weight technology technique in the prior art aluminium alloy elasticity modulus used and strong
The problem of degree is unable to satisfy requirement.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the Extrution casting techniques of the tough high-modulus aluminum alloy materials of above-mentioned height, stablize
Property is good and easy to operate, easily controllable.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
In a first aspect, the tough high-modulus aluminum alloy materials of height based on Extrution casting technique, by mass percentage as
Lower element composition, Mg:2.5%~6.0%, Zn:3.0%~6.0%, Cu:0.5%~2.0%, the one of rare earth element ce, La
Kind or two kinds: 0.01%~1.2%, Ti:0.00005%~0.5%, B:0.00001%~0.1%, one of Mn, Cr, V
It is or two or more: 2.0%~10.0%, surplus Al, impurity≤0.45%.
The Zn element is that 3.0%~6.0%, the Zn content of aluminium alloy gross mass is unsuitable too high or too low, excessively high, is increased
The tearing tendency of adduction gold, it is too low, precipitating reinforcing effect can be reduced, intensity is reduced.
The Cu element is unsuitable too high or too low, the excessively high then shape of 0.5%~2.0%, Cu content of aluminium alloy gross mass
At Al2CuMg phase reduces alloy plasticity, too low, reduces precipitating reinforcing effect, reduces intensity.
Further, the B element is the 0.002%~0.0085% of aluminium alloy gross mass.The addition of B element, with Ti
Refining alloy tissue is cooperateed with, thinning effect can be more more excellent than being individually added into Ti effect, and main cause is that B and Ti form TiB2
Particle, due to TiB2Fusing point is high, can be stable in the presence of in melt, and Ti atom is to TiB2Migration, is finally formed on its surface TiAl3,
Greatly increase forming core particle TiAl3Quantity, significant refining alloy improves the mechanical property of aluminum alloy materials.
Described Al, Zn and Mg are respectively selected from commercial-purity aluminium, industrial-purity zinc and pure magnesium；The Cu, rare earth element ce, La
It is added respectively with aluminum bronze intermediate alloy, Al-RE intermediate alloys；Described Ti, B are added with Al-Ti-B intermediate alloy；The Mn,
Cr, V are added respectively with aluminium manganese, aluminium chromium, aluminium vanadium intermediate alloy；Wherein, the Al-RE intermediate alloys be aluminium-cerium intermediate alloy,
At least one of aluminium-cerium-rich mischmetal or aluminium-lanthanum intermediate alloy.
Second aspect, the Extrution casting technique of the above-mentioned tough high-modulus aluminum alloy materials of height, includes the following steps:
S1: molten alloy prepares aluminium alloy melt；
S2: aluminium alloy melt is subjected to extrusion casint, aluminium alloy castings are prepared；Wherein, the aluminium alloy melt exists
Carrying out extrusion casint at 680~700 DEG C, squeeze pressure is 50~200MPa, and the dwell time is 1~100 second, mould temperature is 200~
400 DEG C, 100~500K/s of cooling rate；
S3: aluminium alloy castings are subjected to heat treatment successively including solution treatment and ageing treatment, the solution treatment is
4~48 hours are kept the temperature under conditions of 450~500 DEG C, water cooling, 0~80 DEG C of water temperature；The ageing treatment is at 100~225 DEG C
Under conditions of keep the temperature 4~32 hours, aluminum alloy materials are prepared；Wherein,
Step S1 include it is following step by step:
(1) baking material: by commercial-purity aluminium, industrial-purity zinc, pure magnesium, aluminum bronze intermediate alloy, Al-RE intermediate alloys, aluminium
Titanium boron intermediate alloy, aluminium manganese, aluminium chromium, aluminium vanadium intermediate alloy raw material are preheated to 200~300 DEG C respectively, keep the temperature 0.5~2 hour；
(2) melting: when temperature is to 200~300 DEG C, being added commercial-purity aluminium, aluminum bronze intermediate alloy, and stirring is to melting down；Melt
740~800 DEG C are warming up to, industrial-purity zinc, Al-RE intermediate alloys, aluminium-manganese, aluminium-chromium, aluminium-vanadium intermediate alloy is added, until molten
Clearly；When melt temperature is down to 730~740 DEG C, pure magnesium fusing is added, indentation melt is stirred to melting down；
(3) refine: melt is warming up to 735~745 DEG C, and refining agent is added and carries out refining 10~20 minutes；Skimming operation, it is quiet
Set melt；
(4) degasification: coverture is added in resulting melt to preparing in step (3), 5~10 points are stirred in protective atmosphere
Clock；
(5) it refines: Al-Ti-B intermediate alloy is added to preparing in resulting melt in step (4), is refined, is skimmed floating
Slag obtains aluminium alloy melt.
Further, raw material described in the step (1) keeps the temperature 1 hour at 200~300 DEG C；Reasonable soaking time,
Under conditions of guaranteeing drying, shorten the baking material time, it is energy saving.
Further, in the step (2), industrial-purity zinc, Al-RE intermediate alloys are added when melt temperature is 780 DEG C,
Aluminium-manganese, aluminium-chromium, aluminium-vanadium intermediate alloy are stirred to melting down.It can make alloying element rapid melting and spread uniformly, reduce alloy
The aggregate and precipitate of element.
Further, in the step (3), the refining agent is the aluminum refining agent of sodium-free salt, and refining agent adds
Dosage is the 0.2%~1.5% of melt gross mass；Refining agent is added when melt is warming up to 740 DEG C to be refined, refining process is made
Ample time guarantees refining effect.
Further, the protective atmosphere that the step (4) uses is N2Protection；The coverture is MgCl2With KCl mass
Than the mixture for 3:2, and the additive amount of coverture is the 0.2%~1.5% of melt gross mass.
Further, in step S3, the solution treatment is to keep the temperature 8~36 hours under conditions of 450~500 DEG C, water
It is cold, 0~80 DEG C of water temperature；The ageing treatment is to keep the temperature 4~30 hours under conditions of 100~225 DEG C.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1) base alloy Al-Mg-Zn-Cu has Precipitation reinforcing property, and obdurability is good.The present invention passes through compound conjunction
Aurification is added one of Mn, Cr, V or a variety of and rare earth element ce, La simultaneously into matrix alloy, reaches raising alloy
Elasticity modulus, and the mechanical property for keeping matrix alloy excellent.
(2) present invention is added one of Mn, Cr, V or a variety of, main purpose be formed in aluminum substrate it is a certain number of
High-modulus intermetallic compound such as Al6Mn、Al7Cr、Al10V etc. reaches the elasticity modulus for improving alloy；And rare earth element ce, La
There is metamorphism to above-mentioned intermetallic compound, Ce, La can be enriched in nascent Al in molten aluminum6Mn、Al7Cr、Al10The table of V phase
Face inhibits it to grow and changes the direction of growth, improves morphology of primary phase, by coarse gill shape Al6Mn、Al7Cr、Al10V phase transition
At fritter, graininess Al6Mn、Al7Cr、Al10V phase alleviates isolate effect of the intermetallic compound to matrix, to keep matrix
The excellent mechanical property of alloy, and the purpose with high-modulus.
(3) preparation method of the invention is simple, technology stability is good, technique degree of controllability is high.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described:
In following specific embodiments and comparative example, it is all made of the elasticity modulus of resonance method measurement alloy material, reference
" GB/T22315-2008: metal material elasticity modulus and Poisson's ratio test method "；Using the drawing of room temperature tensile method beta alloy
Mechanical property is stretched, referring to " GB/T228-2002: metal material tensile testing at ambient temperature ".
Embodiment 1
The tough high-modulus aluminum alloy materials of height provided in this embodiment, are become by the following element group of mass percentage
Mg:2.6%, Zn:3.0%, Cu:0.5%, Ti:0.002%, B:0.0005%, Ce:0.3%, La:0.2%, Cr:5.0%,
And inevitable impurity F e≤0.3%, Si≤0.15%, Al surplus.Steps are as follows for its extrusion casting method:
A, molten alloy obtains aluminium alloy melt.Melting step: (1) baking material preheats raw material 2 hours at 250 DEG C；(2)
Melting, melting furnace set 800 DEG C of smelting temperature, when furnace temperature rises to 300 DEG C, and commercial-purity aluminium, aluminum bronze intermediate alloy, until molten is added
Clearly, it stirs evenly；Melt is warming up to 760 DEG C, and industrial-purity zinc, aluminium-cerium, aluminium-lanthanum, aluminium-chromium intermediate alloy is added, stirs evenly,
It is extremely melting down；When melt temperature is down to 720 DEG C, pure magnesium, fusing is added, and stir evenly, until melting down；(3) it refines, it is fusion
Temperature is added injection refining agent (ancient cooking vessel minister) and is refined, continue 10~20 minutes, take surface scum after refining off to 740 DEG C,
Stand melt；(4) degasification: 730 DEG C are warming up to melt, 60%MgCl is added2The constituent of+40%KCl is filled as coverture
Nitrogen simultaneously stirs, and continues 5~10 minutes；(5) it refines: aluminium titanium boron is added, after refinement, take dross on surface of fusant off, obtain aluminium and close
Golden melt.
B, melt is subjected to extrusion casint, obtains aluminium alloy.Casting step: the aluminum melt is poured at 720 DEG C and is squeezed
Pressure casting machine, progress extrusion casint, squeeze pressure 100MPa, the dwell time 100 seconds, 200 DEG C of mould temperature, cooling rate 500K/
s。
C, aluminium alloy is successively subjected to solution treatment and ageing treatment, obtains high tough high-modulus aluminium alloy.Solution treatment
It is to keep the temperature 24 hours in the environment of 470 DEG C, water cooling, 25 DEG C of water temperature；Ageing treatment is that heat preservation 16 is small in the environment of 150 DEG C
When.
Gained aluminum alloy materials room temperature tensile intensity 447MPa, yield strength 330MPa, elongation in the present embodiment
6.5%, elasticity modulus 89.4GPa.
Embodiment 2
The tough high-modulus aluminum alloy materials of height provided in this embodiment, are become by the following element group of mass percentage
Mg:4.1%, Zn:3.0%, Cu:2.0%, Ti:0.00005%, B:0.00001%, Ce:0.2%, La:0.1%, Mn:
1.0%, Cr:1.0%, V:1.0%, and inevitable impurity F e≤0.3%, Si≤0.15%, Al surplus.Its extrusion casint
Method and step is as follows:
A, molten alloy obtains aluminium alloy melt.Melting step: (1) baking material preheats raw material 2 hours at 250 DEG C；(2)
Melting, melting furnace set 800 DEG C of smelting temperature, when furnace temperature rises to 300 DEG C, and commercial-purity aluminium, aluminum bronze intermediate alloy, until molten is added
Clearly, it stirs evenly；Melt is warming up to 760 DEG C, is added among industrial-purity zinc, aluminium-cerium, aluminium-lanthanum, aluminium-manganese, aluminium-chromium, aluminium-vanadium and closes
Gold stirs evenly, until melting down；When melt temperature is down to 720 DEG C, pure magnesium, fusing is added, and stir evenly, until melting down；
(3) it refines, to melt temperature to 740 DEG C, injection refining agent (ancient cooking vessel minister) is added and is refined, continues 10~20 minutes, after refining
It takes surface scum off, stands melt；(4) degasification: 730 DEG C are warming up to melt, 60%MgCl is added2The constituent of+40%KCl
As coverture, inflated with nitrogen is simultaneously stirred, and continues 5~10 minutes；(5) it refines: aluminium titanium boron is added, after refinement, takes bath surface off
Dross obtains aluminium alloy melt.
B, melt is subjected to extrusion casint, obtains aluminium alloy.Casting step: the aluminum melt is poured at 730 DEG C and is squeezed
Pressure casting machine, progress extrusion casint, squeeze pressure 100MPa, the dwell time 20 seconds, 250 DEG C of mould temperature, cooling rate 350K/s.
C, aluminium alloy is successively subjected to solution treatment and ageing treatment, obtains high tough high-modulus aluminium alloy.Solution treatment
It is to keep the temperature 12 hours in the environment of 485 DEG C, water cooling, 25 DEG C of water temperature；Ageing treatment is that heat preservation 16 is small in the environment of 150 DEG C
When.
Gained aluminum alloy materials room temperature tensile intensity 441MPa, yield strength 326MPa, elongation in the present embodiment
8.5%, elasticity modulus is 87.3GPa.
Embodiment 3
The tough high-modulus aluminum alloy materials of height provided in this embodiment, form Mg by the following element of mass percentage:
4.3%, Zn:5.2%, Cu:0.7%, Ti:0.01%, B:0.002%, La:0.01%, Cr:0.1%, and it is inevitable miscellaneous
Matter Fe≤0.3%, Si≤0.15%, Al surplus.Steps are as follows for its extrusion casting method:
A, molten alloy obtains aluminium alloy melt.Melting step: (1) baking material preheats raw material 2 hours at 250 DEG C；(2)
Melting, melting furnace set 800 DEG C of smelting temperature, when furnace temperature rises to 300 DEG C, and commercial-purity aluminium, aluminum bronze intermediate alloy, until molten is added
Clearly, it stirs evenly；Melt is warming up to 760 DEG C, and industrial-purity zinc, aluminium-lanthanum, aluminium-chromium intermediate alloy is added and stirs evenly, until melting down；
When melt temperature is down to 720 DEG C, pure magnesium, fusing is added, and stir evenly, until melting down；(3) it refines, to melt temperature
To 740 DEG C, injection refining agent (ancient cooking vessel minister) is added and is refined, continues 10~20 minutes, takes surface scum after refining off, stands molten
Body；(4) degasification: 730 DEG C are warming up to melt, 60%MgCl is added2The constituent of+40%KCl is as coverture, and inflated with nitrogen is simultaneously
Stirring, continues 5~10 minutes；(5) it refines: aluminium titanium boron is added, after refinement, take dross on surface of fusant off, obtain aluminium alloy melt.
B, melt is subjected to extrusion casint, obtains aluminium alloy.Casting step: the aluminum melt is poured at 690 DEG C and is squeezed
Pressure casting machine, progress extrusion casint, squeeze pressure 100MPa, the dwell time 10 seconds, 300 DEG C of mould temperature, cooling rate 200K/s.
C, aluminium alloy is successively subjected to solution treatment and ageing treatment, obtains high tough high-modulus aluminium alloy.Solution treatment
It is to keep the temperature 24 hours in the environment of 470 DEG C, water cooling, 25 DEG C of water temperature；Ageing treatment is to keep the temperature 6 hours in the environment of 175 DEG C.
Gained aluminium alloy room temperature tensile intensity 468MPa, yield strength 415MPa, elongation 6.5%, bullet in the present embodiment
Property modulus is 86.7GPa.
Embodiment 4
The tough high-modulus aluminum alloy materials of height provided in this embodiment, are become by the following element group of mass percentage
Mg:4.4%, Zn:6.0%, Cu:0.5%, Ti:0.05%, B:0.01%, Ce:0.5%, Mn:5.0%, and it is inevitable
Impurity F e≤0.3%, Si≤0.15%, Al surplus.Steps are as follows for its extrusion casting method:
A, molten alloy obtains aluminium alloy melt.Melting step: (1) baking material preheats raw material 2 hours at 250 DEG C；(2)
Melting, melting furnace set 800 DEG C of smelting temperature, when furnace temperature rises to 300 DEG C, and commercial-purity aluminium, aluminum bronze intermediate alloy, until molten is added
Clearly, it stirs evenly；Melt is warming up to 760 DEG C, and industrial-purity zinc, aluminium-cerium, aluminium-manganese intermediate alloy is added, stirs evenly, until melting down；
When melt temperature is down to 720 DEG C, pure magnesium, fusing is added, and stir evenly, until melting down；(3) it refines, to melt temperature
To 740 DEG C, injection refining agent (ancient cooking vessel minister) is added and is refined, continues 10~20 minutes, takes surface scum after refining off, stands molten
Body；(4) degasification: 730 DEG C are warming up to melt, 60%MgCl is added2The constituent of+40%KCl is as coverture, and inflated with nitrogen is simultaneously
Stirring, continues 5~10 minutes；(5) it refines: aluminium titanium boron is added, after refinement, take dross on surface of fusant off, obtain aluminium alloy melt.
B, melt is subjected to extrusion casint, obtains aluminium alloy.Casting step: the aluminum melt is poured at 720 DEG C and is squeezed
Pressure casting machine, progress extrusion casint, squeeze pressure 100MPa, the dwell time 10 seconds, 300 DEG C of mould temperature, cooling rate 100K/s.
C, aluminium alloy is successively subjected to solution treatment and ageing treatment, obtains high tough high-modulus aluminium alloy.Solution treatment
It is to keep the temperature 20 hours in the environment of 470 DEG C, water cooling, 25 DEG C of water temperature；Ageing treatment is that heat preservation 16 is small in the environment of 150 DEG C
When.
Gained aluminium alloy room temperature tensile intensity 428MPa, yield strength 317MPa, elongation 7.0%, bullet in the present embodiment
Property modulus is 88.4GPa.
Embodiment 5
The tough high-modulus aluminum alloy materials of height provided in this embodiment, are become by the following element group of mass percentage
Mg:2.8%, Zn:5.8%, Cu:2.0%, Ti:0.05%, B:0.01%, Ce:0.3%, La:0.3%, V:5.0%, and
Inevitable impurity F e≤0.3%, Si≤0.15%, Al surplus.Steps are as follows for its extrusion casting method:
A, molten alloy obtains aluminium alloy melt.Melting step: (1) baking material preheats raw material 2 hours at 250 DEG C；(2)
Melting, melting furnace set 800 DEG C of smelting temperature, when furnace temperature rises to 300 DEG C, and commercial-purity aluminium, aluminum bronze intermediate alloy, until molten is added
Clearly, it stirs evenly；Melt is warming up to 760 DEG C, and industrial-purity zinc, aluminium-cerium, aluminium-lanthanum, aluminium-vanadium intermediate alloy is added, stirs evenly,
It is extremely melting down；When melt temperature is down to 720 DEG C, pure magnesium, fusing is added, and stir evenly, until melting down；(3) it refines, it is fusion
Temperature is added injection refining agent (ancient cooking vessel minister) and is refined, continue 10~20 minutes, take surface scum after refining off to 740 DEG C,
Stand melt；(4) degasification: 730 DEG C are warming up to melt, 60%MgCl is added2The constituent of+40%KCl is filled as coverture
Nitrogen simultaneously stirs, and continues 5~10 minutes；(5) it refines: aluminium titanium boron is added, after refinement, take dross on surface of fusant off, obtain aluminium and close
Golden melt.
B, melt is subjected to extrusion casint, obtains aluminium alloy.Casting step: the aluminum melt is poured at 720 DEG C and is squeezed
Pressure casting machine, progress extrusion casint, squeeze pressure 100MPa, the dwell time 10 seconds, 300 DEG C of mould temperature, cooling rate 200K/s.
C, aluminium alloy is successively subjected to solution treatment and ageing treatment, obtains high tough high-modulus aluminium alloy.Solution treatment
It is to keep the temperature 24 hours in the environment of 465 DEG C, water cooling, 25 DEG C of water temperature；Ageing treatment is to keep the temperature 4 hours in the environment of 225 DEG C.
Gained aluminium alloy room temperature tensile intensity 461MPa, yield strength 320MPa, elongation 9.0%, bullet in the present embodiment
Property modulus is 87.5GPa.
Embodiment 6
The tough high-modulus aluminum alloy materials of height provided in this embodiment, are become by the following element group of mass percentage
Mg:4.2%, Zn:3.0%, Cu:1.0%, Ti:0.1%, B:0.02%, Ce:0.01%, Mn:3.0%, Cr:2.0%, and
Inevitable impurity F e≤0.3%, Si≤0.15%, Al surplus.Steps are as follows for its extrusion casting method:
A, molten alloy obtains aluminium alloy melt.Melting step: (1) baking material preheats raw material 2 hours at 250 DEG C；(2)
Melting, melting furnace set 800 DEG C of smelting temperature, when furnace temperature rises to 300 DEG C, and commercial-purity aluminium, aluminum bronze intermediate alloy, until molten is added
Clearly, it stirs evenly；Melt is warming up to 760 DEG C, and industrial-purity zinc, aluminium-cerium, aluminium-lanthanum, aluminium-chromium, aluminium-manganese intermediate alloy, stirring is added
Uniformly, until it is melting down；When melt temperature is down to 720 DEG C, pure magnesium, fusing is added, and stir evenly, until melting down；(3) smart
Refining is added injection refining agent (ancient cooking vessel minister) and is refined, continue 10~20 minutes, take table after refining off to melt temperature to 740 DEG C
Face dross stands melt；(4) degasification: 730 DEG C are warming up to melt, 60%MgCl is added2The constituent of+40%KCl, which is used as, to be covered
Lid agent, inflated with nitrogen simultaneously stir, and continue 5~10 minutes；(5) it refines: aluminium titanium boron is added, after refinement, takes dross on surface of fusant off, obtains
Obtain aluminium alloy melt.
B, melt is subjected to extrusion casint, obtains aluminium alloy.Casting step: the aluminum melt is poured at 690 DEG C and is squeezed
Pressure casting machine, progress extrusion casint, squeeze pressure 100MPa, the dwell time 10 seconds, 300 DEG C of mould temperature, cooling rate 200K/s.
C, aluminium alloy is successively subjected to solution treatment and ageing treatment, obtains high tough high-modulus aluminium alloy.Solution treatment
It is to keep the temperature 8 hours in the environment of 500 DEG C, water cooling, 25 DEG C of water temperature；Ageing treatment is to keep the temperature 30 hours in the environment of 100 DEG C.
Gained aluminium alloy room temperature tensile intensity 460MPa, yield strength 311MPa, elongation 7.9%, bullet in the present embodiment
Property modulus is 89.2GPa.
Embodiment 7
The tough high-modulus aluminum alloy materials of height provided in this embodiment, are become by the following element group of mass percentage
Mg:4.5%, Zn:3.0%, Cu:0.5%, Ti:0.2%, B:0.04%, La:0.5%, Cr:3.0%, V:2.0%, and not
It can avoid impurity F e≤0.3%, Si≤0.15%, Al surplus.Steps are as follows for its extrusion casting method:
A, molten alloy obtains aluminium alloy melt.Melting step: (1) baking material preheats raw material 2 hours at 250 DEG C；(2)
Melting, melting furnace set 800 DEG C of smelting temperature, when furnace temperature rises to 300 DEG C, and commercial-purity aluminium, aluminum bronze intermediate alloy, until molten is added
Clearly, it stirs evenly；Melt is warming up to 760 DEG C, and industrial-purity zinc, aluminium-lanthanum, aluminium-chromium, aluminium-vanadium intermediate alloy is added, stirs evenly,
It is extremely melting down；When melt temperature is down to 720 DEG C, pure magnesium, fusing is added, and stir evenly, until melting down；(3) it refines, it is fusion
Temperature is added injection refining agent (ancient cooking vessel minister) and is refined, continue 10~20 minutes, take surface scum after refining off to 740 DEG C,
Stand melt；(4) degasification: 730 DEG C are warming up to melt, 60%MgCl is added2The constituent of+40%KCl is filled as coverture
Nitrogen simultaneously stirs, and continues 5~10 minutes；(5) it refines: aluminium titanium boron is added, after refinement, take dross on surface of fusant off, obtain aluminium and close
Golden melt.
B, melt is subjected to extrusion casint, obtains aluminium alloy.Casting step: the aluminum melt is poured at 720 DEG C and is squeezed
Pressure casting machine, progress extrusion casint, squeeze pressure 100MPa, the dwell time 10 seconds, 300 DEG C of mould temperature, cooling rate 200K/s.
C, aluminium alloy is successively subjected to solution treatment and ageing treatment, obtains high tough high-modulus aluminium alloy.Solution treatment
It is to keep the temperature 12 hours in the environment of 4850 DEG C, water cooling, 25 DEG C of water temperature；Ageing treatment is that heat preservation 20 is small in the environment of 120 DEG C
When.
Gained aluminium alloy room temperature tensile intensity 433MPa, yield strength 315MPa, elongation 6.5%, bullet in the present embodiment
Property modulus is 91.1GPa.
Embodiment 8
The tough high-modulus aluminum alloy materials of height provided in this embodiment, are become by the following element group of mass percentage
Mg:4.5%, Zn:3.0%, Cu:1.2%, Ti:0.5%, B:0.1%, Ce:0.1%, La:0.4%, Mn:2.0%, Cr:
3.0%, and inevitable impurity F e≤0.3%, Si≤0.15%, Al surplus.Steps are as follows for its extrusion casting method:
A, molten alloy obtains aluminium alloy melt.Melting step: (1) baking material preheats raw material 2 hours at 250 DEG C；(2)
Melting, melting furnace set 800 DEG C of smelting temperature, when furnace temperature rises to 300 DEG C, and commercial-purity aluminium, aluminum bronze intermediate alloy, until molten is added
Clearly, it stirs evenly；Melt is warming up to 760 DEG C, and industrial-purity zinc, aluminium-cerium, aluminium-lanthanum, aluminium-manganese, aluminium-chromium intermediate alloy, stirring is added
Uniformly, until it is melting down；When melt temperature is down to 720 DEG C, pure magnesium, fusing is added, and stir evenly, until melting down；(3) smart
Refining is added injection refining agent (ancient cooking vessel minister) and is refined, continue 10~20 minutes, take table after refining off to melt temperature to 740 DEG C
Face dross stands melt；(4) degasification: 730 DEG C are warming up to melt, 60%MgCl is added2The constituent of+40%KCl, which is used as, to be covered
Lid agent, inflated with nitrogen simultaneously stir, and continue 5~10 minutes；(5) it refines: aluminium titanium boron is added, after refinement, takes dross on surface of fusant off, obtains
Obtain aluminium alloy melt.
B, melt is subjected to extrusion casint, obtains aluminium alloy.Casting step: the aluminum melt is poured at 690 DEG C and is squeezed
Pressure casting machine, progress extrusion casint, squeeze pressure 100MPa, the dwell time 10 seconds, 300 DEG C of mould temperature, cooling rate 200K/s.
C, aluminium alloy is successively subjected to solution treatment and ageing treatment, obtains high tough high-modulus aluminium alloy.Solution treatment
It is to keep the temperature 36 hours in the environment of 450 DEG C, water cooling, 25 DEG C of water temperature；Ageing treatment is that heat preservation 16 is small in the environment of 150 DEG C
When.
Gained aluminium alloy room temperature tensile intensity 446MPa, yield strength 313MPa, elongation 6.3%, bullet in the present embodiment
Property modulus is 91.6GPa.
Embodiment 9
The tough high-modulus aluminum alloy materials of height provided in this embodiment, are become by the following element group of mass percentage
Mg:3.0%, Zn:6.0%, Cu:2%, Ti:0.01%, B:0.002%, Ce:0.9%, La:0.3%, Mn:10.0%, and
Inevitable impurity F e≤0.3%, Si≤0.15%, Al surplus.Steps are as follows for its extrusion casting method:
A, molten alloy obtains aluminium alloy melt.Melting step: (1) baking material preheats raw material 2 hours at 250 DEG C；(2)
Melting, melting furnace set 800 DEG C of smelting temperature, when furnace temperature rises to 300 DEG C, and commercial-purity aluminium, aluminum bronze intermediate alloy, until molten is added
Clearly, it stirs evenly；Melt is warming up to 760 DEG C, and industrial-purity zinc, aluminium-cerium, aluminium-lanthanum, aluminium-manganese intermediate alloy is added, stirs evenly,
It is extremely melting down；When melt temperature is down to 720 DEG C, pure magnesium, fusing is added, and stir evenly, until melting down；(3) it refines, it is fusion
Temperature is added injection refining agent (ancient cooking vessel minister) and is refined, continue 10~20 minutes, take surface scum after refining off to 740 DEG C,
Stand melt；(4) degasification: 730 DEG C are warming up to melt, 60%MgCl is added2The constituent of+40%KCl is filled as coverture
Nitrogen simultaneously stirs, and continues 5~10 minutes；(5) it refines: aluminium titanium boron is added, after refinement, take dross on surface of fusant off, obtain aluminium and close
Golden melt.
B, melt is subjected to extrusion casint, obtains aluminium alloy.Casting step: the aluminum melt is poured at 740 DEG C and is squeezed
Pressure casting machine, progress extrusion casint, squeeze pressure 100MPa, the dwell time 10 seconds, 300 DEG C of mould temperature, cooling rate 500K/s.
C, aluminium alloy is successively subjected to solution treatment and ageing treatment, obtains high tough high-modulus aluminium alloy.Solution treatment
It is to keep the temperature 12 hours in the environment of 485 DEG C, water cooling, 25 DEG C of water temperature；Ageing treatment is to keep the temperature 6 hours in the environment of 175 DEG C.
Gained aluminium alloy room temperature tensile intensity 440MPa, yield strength 330MPa, elongation 5.6%, bullet in the present embodiment
Property modulus is 92.5GPa.
Embodiment 10
The tough high-modulus aluminum alloy materials of height provided in this embodiment, are become by the following element group of mass percentage
Mg:4.5%, Zn:6.0%, Cu:0.5%, Ti:0.05%, B:0.01%, La:1.2%, Mn:5.0%, Cr:5.0%, and
Inevitable impurity F e≤0.3%, Si≤0.15%, Al surplus.Steps are as follows for its extrusion casting method:
A, molten alloy obtains aluminium alloy melt.Melting step: (1) baking material preheats raw material 2 hours at 250 DEG C；(2)
Melting, melting furnace set 800 DEG C of smelting temperature, when furnace temperature rises to 300 DEG C, and commercial-purity aluminium, aluminum bronze intermediate alloy, until molten is added
Clearly, it stirs evenly；Melt is warming up to 760 DEG C, and industrial-purity zinc, aluminium-lanthanum, aluminium-manganese, aluminium-chromium intermediate alloy is added, stirs evenly,
It is extremely melting down；When melt temperature is down to 720 DEG C, pure magnesium, fusing is added, and stir evenly, until melting down；(3) it refines, it is fusion
Temperature is added injection refining agent (ancient cooking vessel minister) and is refined, continue 10~20 minutes, take surface scum after refining off to 740 DEG C,
Stand melt；(4) degasification: 730 DEG C are warming up to melt, 60%MgCl is added2The constituent of+40%KCl is filled as coverture
Nitrogen simultaneously stirs, and continues 5~10 minutes；(5) it refines: aluminium titanium boron is added, after refinement, take dross on surface of fusant off, obtain aluminium and close
Golden melt.
B, melt is subjected to extrusion casint, obtains aluminium alloy.Casting step: the aluminum melt is poured at 730 DEG C and is squeezed
Pressure casting machine, progress extrusion casint, squeeze pressure 100MPa, the dwell time 10 seconds, 300 DEG C of mould temperature, cooling rate 200K/s.
C, aluminium alloy is successively subjected to solution treatment and ageing treatment, obtains high tough high-modulus aluminium alloy.Solution treatment
It is to keep the temperature 24 hours in the environment of 470 DEG C, water cooling, 25 DEG C of water temperature；Ageing treatment is that heat preservation 16 is small in the environment of 150 DEG C
When.
Gained aluminium alloy room temperature tensile intensity 438MPa, yield strength 333MPa, elongation 5.7%, bullet in the present embodiment
Property modulus is 95.0GPa.
Embodiment 11
The tough high-modulus aluminum alloy materials of height provided in this embodiment, are become by the following element group of mass percentage
Mg:4.1%, Zn:4.3%, Cu:0.9%, Ti:0.3%, B:0.06%, Ce:1.2%, Mn:3.0%, Cr:4.0%, V:
3.0% and inevitable impurity F e≤0.3%, Si≤0.15%, Al surplus.Steps are as follows for its extrusion casting method:
A, molten alloy obtains aluminium alloy melt.Melting step: (1) baking material preheats raw material 2 hours at 250 DEG C；(2)
Melting, melting furnace set 800 DEG C of smelting temperature, when furnace temperature rises to 300 DEG C, and commercial-purity aluminium, aluminum bronze intermediate alloy, until molten is added
Clearly, it stirs evenly；Melt is warming up to 760 DEG C, is added among industrial-purity zinc, aluminium-cerium, aluminium-lanthanum, aluminium-manganese, aluminium-chromium, aluminium-vanadium and closes
Gold stirs evenly, until melting down；When melt temperature is down to 720 DEG C, pure magnesium, fusing is added, and stir evenly, until melting down；
(3) it refines, to melt temperature to 740 DEG C, injection refining agent (ancient cooking vessel minister) is added and is refined, continues 10~20 minutes, after refining
It takes surface scum off, stands melt；(4) degasification: 730 DEG C are warming up to melt, 60%MgCl is added2The constituent of+40%KCl
As coverture, inflated with nitrogen is simultaneously stirred, and continues 5~10 minutes；(5) it refines: aluminium titanium boron is added, after refinement, takes bath surface off
Dross obtains aluminium alloy melt.
B, melt is subjected to extrusion casint, obtains aluminium alloy.Casting step: the aluminum melt is poured at 730 DEG C and is squeezed
Pressure casting machine, progress extrusion casint, squeeze pressure 100MPa, the dwell time 10 seconds, 300 DEG C of mould temperature, cooling rate 200K/s.
C, aluminium alloy is successively subjected to solution treatment and ageing treatment, obtains high tough high-modulus aluminium alloy.Solution treatment
It is to keep the temperature 24 hours in the environment of 470 DEG C, water cooling, 25 DEG C of water temperature；Ageing treatment is that heat preservation 16 is small in the environment of 150 DEG C
When.
Obtained quantity aluminium alloy room temperature tensile intensity 429MPa in the present embodiment, yield strength 324MPa, elongation 7.7%,
Elasticity modulus is 96.1GPa.
Comparative example 1
The aluminum alloy materials that this comparative example provides, form Mg:2.5%, Zn by the following element of mass percentage:
3.0%, Cu:0.5%, Ti:0.002%, B:0.0005%, Ce:0.3%, La:0.2%, and inevitable impurity F e≤
0.3%, Si≤0.15%, Al surplus.Steps are as follows for its extrusion casting method:
A, molten alloy obtains aluminium alloy melt.
Melting step are as follows: (1) baking material preheats raw material 2 hours at 250 DEG C；(2) melting, melting furnace set smelting temperature
800 DEG C, when furnace temperature rises to 300 DEG C, addition commercial-purity aluminium, aluminum bronze intermediate alloy, until it is melting down, it stirs evenly；Melt is warming up to 760
DEG C, industrial-purity zinc, aluminium-cerium, aluminium-lanthanum intermediate alloy is added, stirs evenly, until melting down；When melt temperature is down to 720 DEG C, add
Enter pure magnesium, melts, and stir evenly, until melting down；(3) it refines, to melt temperature to 740 DEG C, injection refining agent (ancient cooking vessel is added
Minister) it is refined, continue 10~20 minutes, take surface scum after refining off, stands melt；(4) it degasification: is warming up to melt
730 DEG C, 60%MgCl is added2The constituent of+40%KCl is simultaneously stirred as coverture, inflated with nitrogen, continues 5~10 minutes；(5)
Refinement: being added aluminium titanium boron, after refinement, takes dross on surface of fusant off, obtains aluminium alloy melt.
B, melt is subjected to extrusion casint, obtains aluminium alloy.Casting step: the aluminum melt is poured at 720 DEG C and is squeezed
Pressure casting machine, progress extrusion casint, squeeze pressure 100MPa, the dwell time 10 seconds, 300 DEG C of mould temperature, cooling rate 200K/s.
C, aluminium alloy is successively subjected to solution treatment and ageing treatment, obtains high tough high-modulus aluminium alloy.Solution treatment
It is to keep the temperature 36 hours in the environment of 450 DEG C, water cooling, 25 DEG C of water temperature；Ageing treatment is that heat preservation 24 is small in the environment of 120 DEG C
When.
Room temperature tensile intensity 516MPa, the yield strength 434MPa of gained extrusion casint aluminium alloy, elongation in this comparative example
Rate 11.6%, elasticity modulus are 71.5GPa.
Comparative example 2
The aluminum alloy materials that this comparative example provides, form Mg:2.5%, Zn by the following element of mass percentage:
3.0%, Cu:0.5%, Ti:0.002%, B:0.0005%, Cr:5.0%, and inevitable impurity F e≤0.3%, Si≤
0.15%, Al surplus.Steps are as follows for its extrusion casting method:
A, molten alloy obtains aluminium alloy melt.Melting step: (1) baking material preheats raw material 2 hours at 250 DEG C；(2)
Melting, melting furnace set 800 DEG C of smelting temperature, when furnace temperature rises to 300 DEG C, and commercial-purity aluminium, aluminum bronze intermediate alloy, until molten is added
Clearly, it stirs evenly；Melt is warming up to 760 DEG C, and industrial-purity zinc, aluminium-chromium intermediate alloy is added, stirs evenly, until melting down；To melt
When temperature is down to 720 DEG C, pure magnesium, fusing is added, and stir evenly, until melting down；(3) it refines, to melt temperature to 740
DEG C, injection refining agent (ancient cooking vessel minister) is added and is refined, continues 10~20 minutes, takes surface scum after refining off, stands melt；
(4) degasification: 730 DEG C are warming up to melt, 60%MgCl is added2The constituent of+40%KCl is simultaneously stirred as coverture, inflated with nitrogen
It mixes, continues 5~10 minutes；(5) it refines: aluminium titanium boron is added, after refinement, take dross on surface of fusant off, obtain aluminium alloy melt.
B, melt is subjected to extrusion casint, obtains aluminium alloy.Casting step: the aluminum melt is poured at 720 DEG C and is squeezed
Pressure casting machine, progress extrusion casint, squeeze pressure 100MPa, the dwell time 10 seconds, 300 DEG C of mould temperature, cooling rate 200K/s.
C, aluminium alloy is successively subjected to solution treatment and ageing treatment, obtains high tough high-modulus aluminium alloy.Solution treatment
It is to keep the temperature 36 hours in the environment of 450 DEG C, water cooling, 25 DEG C of water temperature；Ageing treatment is that heat preservation 24 is small in the environment of 120 DEG C
When.
Squeeze casting Al Alloy At Room Temperature tensile strength 394MPa in this comparative example, yield strength 312MPa, elongation
2.1%, elasticity modulus is 86.9GPa.
Tables 1 and 2 respectively to the alloying component, mechanical property and elasticity modulus of embodiment 1~11 and comparative example 1 and 2 into
Statistics is gone.
Table 1: alloying component (mass fraction, %)
Table 2: the tensile property and elasticity modulus of alloy
It can be seen from table 1 and 2 base alloy Al-Mg-Zn-Cu simultaneously be added one or both of Mn/Cr/V and with
After upper and a small amount of rare earth element ce/La, the elasticity modulus of alloy significantly improve (improved by 71.5GPa to 85GPa or more), and
It is able to maintain high obdurability (elongation is greater than 5.5%, and yield strength is greater than 310MPa, and tensile strength is greater than 420MPa).
Claims (9)
1. the tough high-modulus aluminum alloy materials of height based on Extrution casting technique, it is characterised in that: by mass percentage as
Lower element composition, Mg:2.5%~6.0%, Zn:3.0%~6.0%, Cu:0.5%~2.0%, the one of rare earth element ce, La
Kind or two kinds: 0.01%~1.2%, Ti:0.00005%~0.5%, B:0.00001%~0.1%, one of Mn, Cr, V
It is or two or more: 2.0%~10.0%, surplus Al, impurity≤0.45%.
2. the tough high-modulus aluminum alloy materials of height according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the B element is aluminium alloy
The 0.002%~0.0085% of gross mass.
3. the tough high-modulus aluminum alloy materials of height according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Described Al, Zn and Mg are respectively selected from commercial-purity aluminium, industrial-purity zinc and pure magnesium；
The Cu, rare earth element ce, La are added respectively with aluminum bronze intermediate alloy, Al-RE intermediate alloys；
Described Ti, B are added with Al-Ti-B intermediate alloy；
Described Mn, Cr, V are added respectively with aluminium manganese, aluminium chromium, aluminium vanadium intermediate alloy；Wherein,
The Al-RE intermediate alloys are at least one in aluminium-cerium intermediate alloy, aluminium-cerium-rich mischmetal or aluminium-lanthanum intermediate alloy
Kind.
4. the Extrution casting technique of height described in claims 1 to 3 is tough high-modulus aluminum alloy materials, it is characterised in that: including such as
Lower step:
S1: molten alloy prepares aluminium alloy melt；
S2: aluminium alloy melt is subjected to extrusion casint, aluminium alloy castings are prepared；Wherein, the aluminium alloy melt 680~
Extrusion casint is carried out at 700 DEG C, squeeze pressure is 50~200MPa, and the dwell time is 1~100 second, and mould temperature is 200~400 DEG C,
100~500K/s of cooling rate；
S3: aluminium alloy castings are subjected to heat treatment successively including solution treatment and ageing treatment, the solution treatment is 450
4~48 hours are kept the temperature under conditions of~500 DEG C, water cooling, 0~80 DEG C of water temperature；The ageing treatment is the item at 100~225 DEG C
4~32 hours are kept the temperature under part, aluminum alloy materials are prepared；Wherein, step S1 include it is following step by step:
(1) baking material: by commercial-purity aluminium, industrial-purity zinc, pure magnesium, aluminum bronze intermediate alloy, Al-RE intermediate alloys, aluminium titanium boron
Intermediate alloy, aluminium manganese, aluminium chromium, aluminium vanadium intermediate alloy raw material are preheated to 200~300 DEG C respectively, keep the temperature 0.5~2 hour；
(2) melting: when temperature is to 200~300 DEG C, being added commercial-purity aluminium, aluminum bronze intermediate alloy, and stirring is to melting down；Melt heating
To 740~800 DEG C, industrial-purity zinc, Al-RE intermediate alloys, aluminium-manganese, aluminium-chromium, aluminium-vanadium intermediate alloy, until melting down is added；It is molten
When temperature is down to 730~740 DEG C, pure magnesium fusing is added, indentation melt is stirred to melting down；
(3) refine: melt is warming up to 735-745 DEG C, and refining agent is added and carries out refining 10~20 minutes；Skimming operation is stood molten
Body；
(4) degasification: coverture is added in resulting melt to preparing in step (3), is stirred 5~10 minutes in protective atmosphere；
(5) it refines: Al-Ti-B intermediate alloy is added to preparing in resulting melt in step (4), is refined, skimming operation,
Obtain aluminium alloy melt.
5. the Extrution casting technique of high tough high-modulus aluminum alloy materials according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: step
(1) raw material described in keeps the temperature 1 hour at 200~300 DEG C.
6. the Extrution casting technique of high tough high-modulus aluminum alloy materials according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: step
(2) in, industrial-purity zinc, Al-RE intermediate alloys are added when melt temperature is 780 DEG C, aluminium-manganese, aluminium-chromium, aluminium-vanadium centre is closed
Gold is stirred to melting down.
7. the Extrution casting technique of high tough high-modulus aluminum alloy materials according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: step
(3) refining agent is added in, when melt is warming up to 740 DEG C to be refined；Wherein, the refining agent is the alloy refining of sodium-free salt
Agent, and the additive amount of refining agent is the 0.2%~1.5% of melt gross mass.
8. the Extrution casting technique of high tough high-modulus aluminum alloy materials according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: step
(4) in, the coverture is MgCl2The mixture for being 3:2 with KCl mass ratio, and the additive amount of coverture is melt gross mass
0.2%~1.5%；The protective atmosphere used is N2Protection.
9. the Extrution casting technique of high tough high-modulus aluminum alloy materials according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: step S3
In, the solution treatment is to keep the temperature 8~36 hours under conditions of 450~500 DEG C, water cooling, 0~80 DEG C of water temperature；The timeliness
Processing is to keep the temperature 4~30 hours under conditions of 100~225 DEG C.
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Application publication date: 20190712 |