CN111283171B - Low-pressure casting method of wear-resistant aluminum alloy bicycle accessories - Google Patents
Low-pressure casting method of wear-resistant aluminum alloy bicycle accessories Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/04—Low pressure casting, i.e. making use of pressures up to a few bars to fill the mould
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy production and processing, and particularly relates to a low-pressure casting method of wear-resistant aluminum alloy bicycle accessories, which comprises the following steps: a) preparing an aluminum alloy melt; b) preparing a mold before casting and casting; c) low-pressure pouring: calling a designed pressure-time curve, performing low-pressure pouring and solidifying under pressure, wherein the steps of liquid lifting, filling, pressurizing, pressure maintaining, solidifying and pressure relief are included, and the aluminum alloy bicycle accessory is formed; d) cooling and demolding; e) and (3) heat treatment: carrying out solution treatment, quenching treatment and artificial aging treatment on the obtained aluminum alloy bicycle accessory; and naturally cooling the aluminum alloy bicycle parts to obtain the finished aluminum alloy bicycle parts, wherein the tensile strength is more than or equal to 380MPa, the yield is more than or equal to 360MPa, and the elongation is more than or equal to 6%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy production and deep processing, and particularly relates to a low-pressure casting method of wear-resistant aluminum alloy bicycle accessories.
Background
One main material for manufacturing bicycle accessories in the prior art is aluminum alloy, and compared with other materials, the light-weight bicycle accessory has the advantages of good light-weight effect, good corrosion resistance, good recycling property, easiness in processing and forming, and mature surface spraying and anodic oxidation treatment processes. The production cost is relatively low, the process technology is complete, and professional production equipment and technology are not needed, so that the aluminum alloy becomes the most ideal and popular material with light-weight comprehensive performance at present. The aluminum alloy has the advantage of light weight, can not obviously increase the weight of the bicycle, but the self strength, wear resistance and other properties of the aluminum alloy also have great promotion space.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a low-pressure casting method of a wear-resistant aluminum alloy bicycle accessory, which has the advantages of simple process, strong controllability, low cost, high production efficiency, environmental friendliness and capability of producing wear-resistant and high-strength aluminum alloy bicycle accessories.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the invention provides a low-pressure casting method of a wear-resistant aluminum alloy bicycle accessory, which comprises the following steps:
(a) preparing an aluminum alloy melt: placing the aluminum alloy in a heating furnace, heating and smelting the aluminum alloy at high temperature to melt the aluminum alloy into molten metal;
(b) preparation of a mold and a casting mold before casting: a detachable extrusion casting die is adopted on the extrusion casting machine, combustion residues of aluminum slag and sand cores are removed by air before use, then coating is applied for maintenance, air tightness is checked, whether a pouring gate is blocked or not is observed, and whether the open-close die has a dislocation sealing problem or not is detected;
(c) low-pressure pouring: calling a designed pressure-time curve, performing low-pressure pouring and solidifying under pressure, wherein the steps of liquid lifting, filling, pressurizing, pressure maintaining, solidifying and pressure relief are included, and the aluminum alloy bicycle accessory is formed;
(d) cooling and demolding: cooling at the rate of 200-300K/s until the temperature is cooled to room temperature, demoulding in a loose mode and taking out the aluminum alloy fittings;
(e) and (3) heat treatment: conveying the obtained aluminum alloy bicycle accessories to a roller-rod type continuous heat treatment furnace to carry out solution treatment on the extruded aluminum alloy bicycle accessories; then taking out the bicycle from the furnace, and immediately putting the aluminum alloy bicycle accessories into a quenching tank for quenching treatment; finally, the aluminum alloy bicycle parts are sent to a roller-type continuous heat treatment furnace for artificial aging treatment; and taking out the aluminum alloy bicycle accessories, and naturally cooling the aluminum alloy bicycle accessories to obtain the finished aluminum alloy bicycle accessories.
Further, the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: zn: 2.33-3.6%, Mg: 0.8 to 0.95%, Cu: 0.92 to 2.7%, Mn: 0.78-0.96%, Cr: 0-0.4%, Zr: 0-0.2%, Ti: 1.65-1.85%, Sr: 0.6-0.8%, Mo: 0.36-0.48%, W: 0.25-0.32%, rare earth elements 0.06-0.09%, B: 0.01 to 0.05%, Si: 5-8% and the balance of Al.
Further, the step a comprises (1) a material baking process: respectively preheating raw materials of industrial pure aluminum, industrial pure zinc, industrial pure magnesium, industrial pure manganese, industrial pure chromium, industrial pure molybdenum, industrial pure tungsten, instant silicon, aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, aluminum-titanium-boron intermediate alloy, aluminum strontium and aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy to 200-300 ℃, and preserving heat for 1-2 hours; (2) a smelting process: when the temperature of the smelting furnace rises to 200-300 ℃, adding industrial pure aluminum and aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, and stirring until the mixture is melted down; when the temperature of the melt is between 650 and 680 ℃, adding industrial pure zinc, industrial pure magnesium, industrial pure manganese and industrial pure chromium for melting, and stirring until the melt is clear; (3) a refining procedure: heating the melt to 750-760 ℃, adding a refining agent for refining for 10-20 minutes; skimming dross and standing the melt; (4) degassing: adding a covering agent into the melt prepared in the refining process, and stirring for 5-10 minutes in a protective atmosphere; (5) a thinning procedure: adding instant silicon, aluminum-titanium-boron intermediate alloy, aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy, aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy, industrial pure molybdenum, industrial pure tungsten and rare earth elements into the melt prepared in the degassing process, refining, and skimming scum to obtain an aluminum alloy melt; (6) an analysis procedure: stirring the skimmed melt uniformly, sampling for component analysis, wherein the melt temperature is not lower than 750 ℃ during sampling, and pouring after the analysis is qualified.
Further, the rare earth elements comprise the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 30-38% of La, 25-30% of Ce, 6-10% of Y and the balance of Sc.
Further, the covering agent is 30% NaF, 50% NaCl, 10% KCl, 10% Na by weight3AlF6(ii) a The refining agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: KF 50 parts, NaCl 55 parts, LiCl 45 parts, AlF315 parts of CaF215 parts of light calcium carbonate, 5 parts of graphite powder, 10 parts of talcum powder and MgCl220 parts of rare earth acid salt and 10 parts of rare earth acid salt.
Further, the pressure-time curves called at each stage of the pouring process are as follows: (1) the pressure of the liquid raising section is 0.012-0.020 MPa, and the time is 8 s; (2) the pressure of the mold filling section is 0.02-0.03 MPa for 25 s; (3) the pressure of the pressurizing section is 0.04-0.05 MPa, and the time is 20 s; (4) the pressure of the pressure maintaining section is 0.04-0.05 MPa, and the time is 20 s; (5) the pressure of the pressurizing section is 0.05-0.07 MPa, and the time is 20 s; (6) the pressure of the pressure maintaining section is 0.05-0.07 MPa, and the time is 600 s; (7) the pressure of the solidification section is 0.05-0.06 MPa, and the time is 120 s; (8) the pressure is released and 0MPa, and the time is 15 s.
Further, in the step e, the solution treatment is carried out for 5 hours at the temperature of 550-580 ℃.
Furthermore, in the step e, the aluminum alloy bicycle accessories are put into a quenching tank for quenching treatment, the water temperature of the quenching tank is 70-80 ℃,
further, the quenching tank contains a quenching agent, and the quenching agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: potassium chloride: 3-6% of sodium nitrate, 3-6% of sodium nitrate and the balance of water.
Further, the aging treatment is carried out for 6 hours at the temperature of 120-130 ℃ and 8 hours at the temperature of 165 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention accurately designs and controls the components of the aluminum alloy, and the alloying elements of the aluminum alloy act synergistically, and Si, Zr, Ti, Mo, W and rare earth elements are added, so that the aluminum alloy has higher strength, good elongation and low natural aging effect. The aluminum alloy bicycle accessory prepared by the method has uniform internal structure, smaller crystal grains, high mechanical strength, strong corrosion resistance and wear resistance, obviously improved comprehensive performance and great production benefit and practical value; the aluminum alloy part of the bicycle prepared by the aluminum alloy low-pressure casting process has the tensile strength of more than or equal to 380MPa, the yield of more than or equal to 360MPa and the elongation of more than or equal to 6 percent; the processing and forming performance is good, the structure is compact, and the requirements of die-casting production and heat treatment strengthening of the high-strength, high-toughness and high-density bicycle aluminum alloy accessories are met. The invention has the advantages of good processing and forming performance, simple process, strong controllability, low cost, high production efficiency and environmental protection.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further elucidated by means of several specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative only and not limiting.
Example 1:
a low pressure casting method of a wear-resistant aluminum alloy bicycle accessory comprises the following steps:
(a) preparing an aluminum alloy melt: placing the aluminum alloy in a heating furnace, heating and smelting the aluminum alloy at high temperature to melt the aluminum alloy into molten metal;
(b) preparation of a mold and a casting mold before casting: a detachable extrusion casting die is adopted on the extrusion casting machine, combustion residues of aluminum slag and sand cores are removed by air before use, then coating is applied for maintenance, air tightness is checked, whether a pouring gate is blocked or not is observed, and whether the open-close die has a dislocation sealing problem or not is detected;
(c) low-pressure pouring: calling a designed pressure-time curve, performing low-pressure pouring and solidifying under pressure, wherein the steps of liquid lifting, filling, pressurizing, pressure maintaining, solidifying and pressure relief are included, and the aluminum alloy bicycle accessory is formed;
(d) cooling and demolding: cooling at the rate of 200K/s until the temperature is cooled to room temperature, demoulding in a loose mode and taking out the aluminum alloy fittings;
(e) and (3) heat treatment: conveying the obtained aluminum alloy bicycle accessories to a roller-rod type continuous heat treatment furnace to carry out solution treatment on the extruded aluminum alloy bicycle accessories; then taking out the bicycle from the furnace, and immediately putting the aluminum alloy bicycle accessories into a quenching tank for quenching treatment; finally, the aluminum alloy bicycle parts are sent to a roller-type continuous heat treatment furnace for artificial aging treatment; and taking out the aluminum alloy bicycle accessories, and naturally cooling the aluminum alloy bicycle accessories to obtain the finished aluminum alloy bicycle accessories.
Further, the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: zn: 3.6%, Mg: 0.8%, Cu: 2.7%, Mn: 0.96%, Cr: 0.4%, Zr: 0.2%, Ti: 1.65%, Sr: 0.6%, Mo: 0.36%, W: 0.32%, rare earth element 0.06%, B: 0.05%, Si: 8% and the balance Al.
Further, the step a comprises (1) a material baking process: respectively preheating raw materials of industrial pure aluminum, industrial pure zinc, industrial pure magnesium, industrial pure manganese, industrial pure chromium, industrial pure molybdenum, industrial pure tungsten, instant silicon, aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, aluminum-titanium-boron intermediate alloy, aluminum strontium and aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy to 200 ℃, and preserving heat for 2 hours; (2) a smelting process: when the temperature of the smelting furnace rises to 200 ℃, adding industrial pure aluminum and aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, and stirring until the mixture is melted down; when the temperature of the melt is between 650 ℃, adding industrial pure zinc, industrial pure magnesium, industrial pure manganese and industrial pure chromium for melting, and stirring until the melt is clear; (3) a refining procedure: heating the melt to 750 ℃, and adding a refining agent for refining for 20 minutes; skimming dross and standing the melt; (4) degassing: adding a covering agent into the melt prepared in the refining procedure, and stirring for 10 minutes in a protective atmosphere; (5) a thinning procedure: adding instant silicon, aluminum-titanium-boron intermediate alloy, aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy, aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy, industrial pure molybdenum, industrial pure tungsten and rare earth elements into the melt prepared in the degassing process, refining, and skimming scum to obtain an aluminum alloy melt; (6) an analysis procedure: stirring the skimmed melt uniformly, sampling for component analysis, wherein the melt temperature is not lower than 750 ℃ during sampling, and pouring after the analysis is qualified.
Further, the rare earth elements comprise the following chemical components in percentage by mass: la 38%, Ce 25%, Y6%, and the balance Sc.
Further, the covering agent is 30% NaF, 50% NaCl, 10% KCl, 10% Na by weight3AlF6(ii) a The refining agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: KF 50 parts, NaCl 55 parts, LiCl 45 parts, AlF315 parts of CaF215 parts of light calcium carbonate, 5 parts of graphite powder, 10 parts of talcum powder and MgCl220 parts of rare earth acid salt and 10 parts of rare earth acid salt.
Further, the pressure-time curves called at each stage of the pouring process are as follows: (1) the pressure of the liquid raising section is 0.020MPa, and the time is 8 s; (2) the pressure of the mold filling section is 0.03MPa and 25 s; (3) the pressure of the pressurizing section is 0.05MPa, and the time is 20 s; (4) the pressure of the pressure maintaining section is 0.05MPa, and the time is 20 s; (5) the pressure of the pressurizing section is 0.07MPa, and the time is 20 s; (6) the pressure of the pressure maintaining section is 0.07MPa, and the time is 600 s; (7) the pressure of the solidification section is 0.06MPa, and the time is 120 s; (8) the pressure is released and 0MPa, and the time is 15 s.
| Serial number | Each stage of the pouring process | Time(s) | Pressure (MPa) |
| 1 | Liquid lifting section | 8 | 0.020 |
| 2 | Filling section | 25 | 0.03 |
| 3 | Pressurizing section | 20 | 0.05 |
| 4 | Pressure maintaining section | 20 | 0.05 |
| 5 | Pressurizing section | 20 | 0.07 |
| 6 | Pressure maintaining section | 600 | 0.07 |
| 7 | Solidification section | 120 | 0.06 |
| 8 | Pressure relief | 15 | 0 |
Further, in the step e, the solution treatment is carried out for 5 hours at the temperature of 550 ℃.
Furthermore, in the step e, the aluminum alloy bicycle accessories are put into a quenching tank for quenching treatment, the water temperature of the quenching tank is between 70 ℃,
further, the quenching tank contains a quenching agent, and the quenching agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: potassium chloride: 3 percent of sodium nitrate, 6 percent of sodium nitrate and the balance of water.
Further, the aging treatment is carried out for 6 hours at the temperature of 120 ℃ and 8 hours at the temperature of 165 ℃.
Example 2:
a low pressure casting method of a wear-resistant aluminum alloy bicycle accessory comprises the following steps:
(a) preparing an aluminum alloy melt: placing the aluminum alloy in a heating furnace, heating and smelting the aluminum alloy at high temperature to melt the aluminum alloy into molten metal;
(b) preparation of a mold and a casting mold before casting: a detachable extrusion casting die is adopted on the extrusion casting machine, combustion residues of aluminum slag and sand cores are removed by air before use, then coating is applied for maintenance, air tightness is checked, whether a pouring gate is blocked or not is observed, and whether the open-close die has a dislocation sealing problem or not is detected;
(c) low-pressure pouring: calling a designed pressure-time curve, performing low-pressure pouring and solidifying under pressure, wherein the steps of liquid lifting, filling, pressurizing, pressure maintaining, solidifying and pressure relief are included, and the aluminum alloy bicycle accessory is formed;
(d) cooling and demolding: cooling at the rate of 250K/s until the temperature is cooled to room temperature, demoulding in a loose mode and taking out the aluminum alloy fittings;
(e) and (3) heat treatment: conveying the obtained aluminum alloy bicycle accessories to a roller-rod type continuous heat treatment furnace to carry out solution treatment on the extruded aluminum alloy bicycle accessories; then taking out the bicycle from the furnace, and immediately putting the aluminum alloy bicycle accessories into a quenching tank for quenching treatment; finally, the aluminum alloy bicycle parts are sent to a roller-type continuous heat treatment furnace for artificial aging treatment; and taking out the aluminum alloy bicycle accessories, and naturally cooling the aluminum alloy bicycle accessories to obtain the finished aluminum alloy bicycle accessories.
Further, the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: zn: 2.33%, Mg: 0.9%, Cu: 1.53%, Mn: 0.96%, Cr: 0.2%, Zr: 0.1%, Ti: 1.78%, Sr: 0.7%, Mo: 0.48%, W: 0.25, 0.07% of rare earth element, B: 0.04%, Si: 6% and the balance Al.
Further, the step a comprises (1) a material baking process: respectively preheating raw materials of industrial pure aluminum, industrial pure zinc, industrial pure magnesium, industrial pure manganese, industrial pure chromium, industrial pure molybdenum, industrial pure tungsten, instant silicon, aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, aluminum-titanium-boron intermediate alloy, aluminum strontium and aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy to 260 ℃, and preserving heat for 1.5 hours; (2) a smelting process: when the temperature of the smelting furnace rises to 260 ℃, adding industrial pure aluminum and aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, and stirring until the mixture is melted down; when the temperature of the melt is 660 ℃, adding industrial pure zinc, industrial pure magnesium, industrial pure manganese and industrial pure chromium for melting, and stirring until the melt is clear; (3) a refining procedure: heating the melt to 755 ℃, and adding a refining agent for refining for 15 minutes; skimming dross and standing the melt; (4) degassing: adding a covering agent into the melt prepared in the refining procedure, and stirring for 6 minutes in a protective atmosphere; (5) a thinning procedure: adding instant silicon, aluminum-titanium-boron intermediate alloy, aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy, aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy, industrial pure molybdenum, industrial pure tungsten and rare earth elements into the melt prepared in the degassing process, refining, and skimming scum to obtain an aluminum alloy melt; (6) an analysis procedure: stirring the skimmed melt uniformly, sampling for component analysis, wherein the melt temperature is not lower than 750 ℃ during sampling, and pouring after the analysis is qualified.
Further, the rare earth elements comprise the following chemical components in percentage by mass: la 30%, Ce 29%, Y10%, and the balance Sc.
Further, the covering agent is 30% NaF, 50% NaCl, 10% KCl, 10% Na by weight3AlF6(ii) a The refining agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: KF 50 parts, NaCl 55 parts, LiCl 45 parts, AlF315 parts of CaF215 parts of light calcium carbonate, 5 parts of graphite powder, 10 parts of talcum powder and MgCl220 parts of rare earth acid salt and 10 parts of rare earth acid salt.
Further, the pressure-time curves called at each stage of the pouring process are as follows:
| serial number | Each stage of the pouring process | Time(s) | Pressure (MPa) |
| 1 | Liquid lifting section | 8 | 0.018 |
| 2 | Filling section | 25 | 0.026 |
| 3 | Pressurizing section | 20 | 0.04 |
| 4 | Pressure maintaining section | 20 | 0.044 |
| 5 | Pressurizing section | 20 | 0.06 |
| 6 | Pressure maintaining section | 600 | 0.06 |
| 7 | Solidification section | 120 | 0.05 |
| 8 | Pressure relief | 15 | 0 |
Further, in step e, the solution treatment is carried out for 5 hours at the temperature of 580 ℃.
Furthermore, in the step e, the aluminum alloy bicycle accessories are put into a quenching tank for quenching treatment, the water temperature of the quenching tank is between 80 ℃,
further, the quenching tank contains a quenching agent, and the quenching agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: potassium chloride: 5 percent of sodium nitrate, 4 percent of sodium nitrate and the balance of water.
Further, the aging treatment is to keep the temperature at 130 ℃ for 6 hours to 165 ℃ for 8 hours.
Example 3:
a low pressure casting method of a wear-resistant aluminum alloy bicycle accessory comprises the following steps:
(a) preparing an aluminum alloy melt: placing the aluminum alloy in a heating furnace, heating and smelting the aluminum alloy at high temperature to melt the aluminum alloy into molten metal;
(b) preparation of a mold and a casting mold before casting: a detachable extrusion casting die is adopted on the extrusion casting machine, combustion residues of aluminum slag and sand cores are removed by air before use, then coating is applied for maintenance, air tightness is checked, whether a pouring gate is blocked or not is observed, and whether the open-close die has a dislocation sealing problem or not is detected;
(c) low-pressure pouring: calling a designed pressure-time curve, performing low-pressure pouring and solidifying under pressure, wherein the steps of liquid lifting, filling, pressurizing, pressure maintaining, solidifying and pressure relief are included, and the aluminum alloy bicycle accessory is formed;
(d) cooling and demolding: cooling at the rate of 300K/s until the temperature is cooled to room temperature, demoulding in a loose mode and taking out the aluminum alloy fittings;
(e) and (3) heat treatment: conveying the obtained aluminum alloy bicycle accessories to a roller-rod type continuous heat treatment furnace to carry out solution treatment on the extruded aluminum alloy bicycle accessories; then taking out the bicycle from the furnace, and immediately putting the aluminum alloy bicycle accessories into a quenching tank for quenching treatment; finally, the aluminum alloy bicycle parts are sent to a roller-type continuous heat treatment furnace for artificial aging treatment; and taking out the aluminum alloy bicycle accessories, and naturally cooling the aluminum alloy bicycle accessories to obtain the finished aluminum alloy bicycle accessories.
Further, the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: zn: 3.21%, Mg: 0.86%, Cu: 0.92%, Mn: 0.85%, Cr: 0.1%, Zr: 0.05%, Ti: 1.85%, Sr: 0.8%, Mo: 0.4%, W: 0.28%, rare earth element 0.09%, B: 0.03%, Si: 5% and the balance Al.
Further, the step a comprises (1) a material baking process: respectively preheating raw materials of industrial pure aluminum, industrial pure zinc, industrial pure magnesium, industrial pure manganese, industrial pure chromium, industrial pure molybdenum, industrial pure tungsten, instant silicon, aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, aluminum-titanium-boron intermediate alloy, aluminum strontium and aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy to 300 ℃, and preserving heat for 1 hour; (2) a smelting process: when the temperature of the smelting furnace is raised to 300 ℃, adding industrial pure aluminum and aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, and stirring until the mixture is melted down; when the temperature of the melt is between 680 ℃, adding industrial pure zinc, industrial pure magnesium, industrial pure manganese and industrial pure chromium for melting, and stirring until the melt is clear; (3) a refining procedure: heating the melt to 760 ℃, and adding a refining agent for refining for 15 minutes; skimming dross and standing the melt; (4) degassing: adding a covering agent into the melt prepared in the refining procedure, and stirring for 8 minutes in a protective atmosphere; (5) a thinning procedure: adding instant silicon, aluminum-titanium-boron intermediate alloy, aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy, aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy, industrial pure molybdenum, industrial pure tungsten and rare earth elements into the melt prepared in the degassing process, refining, and skimming scum to obtain an aluminum alloy melt; (6) an analysis procedure: stirring the skimmed melt uniformly, sampling for component analysis, wherein the melt temperature is not lower than 750 ℃ during sampling, and pouring after the analysis is qualified.
Further, the rare earth elements comprise the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 35% of La, 30% of Ce, 8% of Y and the balance of Sc.
Further, the covering agent is 30% NaF, 50% NaCl, 10% KCl, 10% Na by weight3AlF6(ii) a The refining agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: KF 50 parts, NaCl 55 parts, LiCl 45 parts, AlF315 parts of CaF215 parts of light calcium carbonate, 5 parts of graphite powder, 10 parts of talcum powder and MgCl220 parts of rare earth acid salt and 10 parts of rare earth acid salt.
Further, the pressure-time curves called at each stage of the pouring process are as follows:
| serial number | Each stage of the pouring process | Time(s) | Pressure (MPa) |
| 1 | Liquid lifting section | 8 | 0.012 |
| 2 | Filling section | 25 | 0.02 |
| 3 | Pressurizing section | 20 | 0.04 |
| 4 | Pressure maintaining section | 20 | 0.04 |
| 5 | Pressurizing section | 20 | 0.06 |
| 6 | Pressure maintaining section | 600 | 0.06 |
| 7 | Solidification section | 120 | 0.05 |
| 8 | Pressure relief | 15 | 0 |
Further, in step e, the solution treatment is carried out for 5 hours at the temperature of 560 ℃.
Furthermore, in the step e, the aluminum alloy bicycle accessories are put into a quenching tank for quenching treatment, the water temperature of the quenching tank is between 75 ℃,
further, the quenching tank contains a quenching agent, and the quenching agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: potassium chloride: 6 percent of sodium nitrate, 3 percent of sodium nitrate and the balance of water.
Further, the aging treatment is carried out for 6 hours at 125 ℃ and 8 hours at 165 ℃.
According to the national standard GMN/T16865-2013 of the people's republic of China, the low-pressure cast aluminum alloy bicycle accessories of the embodiment are stretched on a DNS-200 type electronic tensile testing machine at room temperature, the stretching speed is 2 mm/min, and the stretching mechanical properties are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 analysis results of mechanical properties of aluminum alloy bicycle parts obtained in examples 1 to 3
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A low-pressure casting method of a wear-resistant aluminum alloy bicycle accessory is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(a) preparing an aluminum alloy melt: placing the aluminum alloy in a heating furnace, heating and smelting the aluminum alloy at high temperature to melt the aluminum alloy into molten metal; the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: zn: 2.33-3.6%, Mg: 0.8 to 0.95%, Cu: 0.92 to 2.7%, Mn: 0.78-0.96%, Cr: 0-0.4%, Zr: 0-0.2%, Ti: 1.65-1.85%, Sr: 0.6-0.8%, Mo: 0.36-0.48%, W: 0.25-0.32%, rare earth elements 0.06-0.09%, B: 0.01 to 0.05%, Si: 5-8% of Al; the rare earth elements comprise the following chemical components in percentage by mass: la: 30-38%, Ce: 25-30%, Y: 6-10 percent of Sc and the balance of Sc;
(b) preparation of a mold and a casting mold before casting: a detachable extrusion casting die is adopted on the extrusion casting machine, combustion residues of aluminum slag and sand cores are removed by air before use, then coating is applied for maintenance, air tightness is checked, whether a pouring gate is blocked or not is observed, and whether the open-close die has a dislocation sealing problem or not is detected;
(c) low-pressure pouring: calling a designed pressure-time curve, performing low-pressure pouring and solidifying under pressure, wherein the steps of liquid lifting, filling, pressurizing, pressure maintaining, solidifying and pressure relief are included, and the aluminum alloy bicycle accessory is formed;
(d) cooling and demolding: cooling at the rate of 200-300K/s until the temperature is cooled to room temperature, demoulding in a loose mode and taking out the aluminum alloy fittings;
(e) and (3) heat treatment: conveying the obtained aluminum alloy bicycle accessories to a roller-rod type continuous heat treatment furnace to carry out solution treatment on the extruded aluminum alloy bicycle accessories; then taking out the bicycle from the furnace, and immediately putting the aluminum alloy bicycle accessories into a quenching tank for quenching treatment; finally, the aluminum alloy bicycle parts are sent to a roller-type continuous heat treatment furnace for artificial aging treatment; taking out the aluminum alloy bicycle accessories, and naturally cooling the aluminum alloy bicycle accessories to obtain the finished aluminum alloy bicycle accessories, wherein the tensile strength is more than or equal to 380MPa, the yield is more than or equal to 360MPa, and the elongation is more than or equal to 6%.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of low pressure casting comprises: the step a comprises (1) a material drying process: respectively preheating raw materials of industrial pure aluminum, industrial pure zinc, industrial pure magnesium, industrial pure manganese, industrial pure chromium, industrial pure molybdenum, industrial pure tungsten, instant silicon, aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, aluminum-titanium-boron intermediate alloy, aluminum strontium and aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy to 200-300 ℃, and preserving heat for 1-2 hours; (2) a smelting process: when the temperature of the smelting furnace rises to 200-300 ℃, adding industrial pure aluminum and aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, and stirring until the mixture is melted down; when the temperature of the melt is between 650 and 680 ℃, adding industrial pure zinc, industrial pure magnesium, industrial pure manganese and industrial pure chromium for melting, and stirring until the melt is clear; (3) a refining procedure: heating the melt to 750-760 ℃, adding a refining agent for refining for 10-20 minutes; skimming dross and standing the melt; (4) degassing: adding a covering agent into the melt prepared in the refining process, and stirring for 5-10 minutes in a protective atmosphere; (5) a thinning procedure: adding instant silicon, aluminum-titanium-boron intermediate alloy, aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy, aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy, industrial pure molybdenum, industrial pure tungsten and rare earth elements into the melt prepared in the degassing process, refining, and skimming scum to obtain an aluminum alloy melt; (6) an analysis procedure: stirring the skimmed melt uniformly, sampling for component analysis, wherein the melt temperature is not lower than 750 ℃ during sampling, and pouring after the analysis is qualified.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of low pressure casting comprises: the covering agent is composed of 30% NaF, 50% NaCl, 10% KCl and 10% Na by weight3AlF6(ii) a The refining agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: KF 50 parts, NaCl 55 parts, LiCl 45 parts, AlF315 parts of CaF2 15 parts of light calcium carbonate, 5 parts of graphite powder, 10 parts of talcum powder and MgCl220 portions of rare earthAnd 10 parts of acid salt.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of low pressure casting comprises: the pressure time curve called by each stage in the low-pressure pouring process is as follows: (1) the pressure of the liquid raising section is 0.012-0.020 MPa, and the time is 8 s; (2) the pressure of the mold filling section is 0.02-0.03 MPa for 25 s; (3) the pressure of the pressurizing section is 0.04-0.05 MPa, and the time is 20 s; (4) the pressure of the pressure maintaining section is 0.04-0.05 MPa, and the time is 20 s; (5) the pressure of the pressurizing section is 0.05-0.07 MPa, and the time is 20 s; (6) the pressure of the pressure maintaining section is 0.05-0.07 MPa, and the time is 600 s; (7) the pressure of the solidification section is 0.05-0.06 MPa, and the time is 120 s; (8) the pressure is released and 0MPa, and the time is 15 s.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of low pressure casting comprises: in the step e, the solution treatment is carried out for 5 hours at the temperature of 550-580 ℃.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of low pressure casting comprises: and e, putting the aluminum alloy bicycle accessories into a quenching tank for quenching treatment, wherein the water temperature of the quenching tank is 70-80 ℃.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of low pressure casting comprises: the quenching tank contains a quenching agent, and the quenching agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: potassium chloride: 3-6% of sodium nitrate, 3-6% of sodium nitrate and the balance of water.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of low pressure casting comprises: and the aging treatment is to keep the temperature at 120-130 ℃ for 6 hours to 165 ℃ and keep the temperature for 8 hours.
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| CN114250388B (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-08-02 | 北京理工大学 | High-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy part with complex shape for automobile and preparation method thereof |
| CN114351017B (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-08-26 | 四会市辉煌金属制品有限公司 | Casting method and application of high-toughness high-heat-conductivity aluminum alloy ingot |
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