CN114250388B - High-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy part with complex shape for automobile and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy part with complex shape for automobile and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114250388B CN114250388B CN202111647323.6A CN202111647323A CN114250388B CN 114250388 B CN114250388 B CN 114250388B CN 202111647323 A CN202111647323 A CN 202111647323A CN 114250388 B CN114250388 B CN 114250388B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
- C22C21/04—Modified aluminium-silicon alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy part with a complex shape for an automobile and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of aluminum alloy. The composition is Si: 5.5-7.8 wt.%, Cu: 1.80-2.98 wt.%, Mg: 0.4-0.8 wt.%, Ti: 0.04-0.16 wt.%, Zr: 0.04-0.16 wt.%, V: 0.08-0.15 wt.%, Sc: 0.15-0.45 wt.%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities. The preparation method comprises the steps of material preparation, preheating, smelting, aluminum liquid treatment, casting, solid solution quenching and aging treatment. The high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy part with the complex shape for the automobile can be used for preparing parts with the complex shape for the automobile, the comprehensive mechanical properties at room temperature and 300 ℃ are excellent, and the tissue structure of a casting with the complex shape obtained after heat treatment is superior to that of the existing light-weight parts for the automobile.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy, and relates to a high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy part with a complicated shape for an automobile and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of the automobile industry, the energy problem is more and more urgent, and the environmental problem brought by the automobile is more and more serious. The light weight of automobile parts is an effective way for relieving energy crisis, reducing greenhouse gas emission and reducing environmental pollution, and is also a development direction of future automobiles.
The core foundation of the light weight of the automobile parts is the light weight of the automobile part materials, and at present, the light weight of the automobile parts is mainly made of aluminum alloy instead of steel. However, because the shapes of some automobile parts are complicated, such as cylinder bodies, cylinder covers and other parts, the corresponding aluminum alloy automobile parts can only be obtained by casting. The mechanical properties of the parts at room temperature and the mechanical properties of the parts at high temperature in the running process of the automobile need to be considered.
It is known that many types of conventional aluminum alloys having high performance at room temperature are available, but if the aluminum alloys have high performance at room temperature, the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloys are drastically reduced, and the aluminum alloys are not suitable for parts having complicated shapes of automobiles operating at high temperatures.
For example: chinese patent CN 110029251A discloses a high-temperature resistant aluminum alloy material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the high-temperature resistant aluminum alloy is obtained by hot extrusion deformation and is not suitable for forming parts with complex shapes; the content of transition elements and rare earth elements is high, the production cost is high, the industrial large-scale production and popularization are not facilitated, and the prepared high-temperature resistant aluminum alloy material is very low in elongation and poor in processability.
Chinese patent CN 110952010 a discloses a method for manufacturing a high temperature resistant aluminum alloy sheet for a rocket tank body, wherein cold working after solution treatment is not suitable for forming automobile parts with complex shapes, and the formed shapes are simple; and the obtained material is a plate, is not formed by casting, has a completely different casting structure and rolling structure, and has no technical comparability.
Chinese patent CN 113403558A discloses a heat treatment process for casting aluminum-silicon alloy, wherein the heat treatment process aims at aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy, the component selection and the synergistic effect of each element of the aluminum-silicon-copper-magnesium alloy are different, and the structure is different; the cast aluminum-silicon alloy obtained by double homogenization treatment, primary quenching treatment and primary aging treatment in the heat treatment has lower comprehensive mechanical property; the mechanical properties at high temperatures of 300 ℃ are not taken into account.
Chinese patent CN 113403510 a discloses a high strength and toughness cast aluminum-silicon alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein antimony is highly toxic, and the solidified product is an alloy ingot rather than a complex-shaped part for an automobile; and the influence of solid solution water quenching and aging water quenching on the organization structures of simple alloy ingots and complex automobile parts is different due to different selection of objects and process parameters, and the mechanical property at the high temperature of 300 ℃ is not considered.
Therefore, a method for selecting and preparing a material for a high-strength casting aluminum-silicon alloy part with a complex shape for an automobile, which has high yield strength and high tensile strength at both room temperature and high temperature, is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problems that most of the aluminum alloy materials in the prior art have unsatisfactory mechanical properties at high temperature, and alloying elements have high cost and high content; the shapes of the cast aluminum alloy parts cannot be complicated, the heat treatment mainly aims at rolling plates rather than casting parts with complicated shapes, the room-temperature mechanical property and the high-temperature mechanical property are far different, and the performance requirements of high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy parts with complicated shapes for automobiles cannot be met.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy part with a complex shape for an automobile comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 5.5-7.8 wt.%, Cu: 1.80-2.98 wt.%, Mg: 0.4-0.8 wt.%, Ti: 0.04-0.16 wt.%, Zr: 0.04-0.16 wt.%, V: 0.08-0.15 wt.%, Sc: 0.15-0.45 wt.%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities.
Preferably, the high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy has a primary structure of alpha-Al and eutectic Si and a secondary structure of Q-Al 5 Cu 2 Mg 8 Si 6 、π-Al 8 Mg 3 FeSi 6 And Al 3 (ScZrTiV)。
Preferably, the yield strength of the high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy reaches more than 300MPa at room temperature, the tensile strength reaches more than 380MPa, and the elongation reaches more than 4%; the yield strength reaches more than 205MPa, the tensile strength reaches more than 215MPa, and the elongation rate reaches more than 3 percent at 300 ℃.
The preparation method of the high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy part with the complicated shape of the automobile comprises the following steps:
s1, batching and preheating: weighing the high-strength aluminum-silicon alloy components according to the raw material proportion, and preheating the weighed raw materials;
s2, smelting: adding the raw materials preheated in the step S1 into a resistance furnace, and heating until the raw materials are melted to obtain a melt;
s3, aluminum liquid treatment: fully stirring the melt in the step S2, cooling, adding a deslagging agent and a refining agent, skimming scum after refining, degassing the melt under pressure by using a stainless steel pipe, and preserving heat;
s4, casting: pouring the melt processed in the step S3 into a preheated mold, and cooling and taking out the aluminum-silicon alloy casting;
s5, solution quenching: putting the aluminum-silicon alloy casting obtained in the step S4 into a heat treatment furnace for solution treatment, taking out the aluminum-silicon alloy casting, putting the aluminum-silicon alloy casting into cold water, and then carrying out quenching treatment;
s6, aging treatment: and (4) carrying out aging treatment on the aluminum-silicon alloy casting treated in the step S5, and finally air-cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy at room temperature and 300 ℃.
Preferably, in the batching in the step S1, the Mg element is selected from the aluminum magnesium master alloy by considering 10 to 20 wt.% of burning loss.
Preferably, the raw materials in step S1 are pure aluminum and aluminum-silicon, aluminum-copper, aluminum-magnesium, aluminum-titanium-boron, aluminum-zirconium, aluminum-vanadium, and aluminum-scandium master alloy; the preheating temperature is 200 ℃ and 230 ℃, and the preheating time is 20-30 min.
Preferably, the temperature of heating to melting in the step S2 is 760 ± 20 ℃.
Preferably, the temperature reduction in the step S3 needs to be reduced to 730 ± 20 ℃, the addition amount of the slag removing agent and the refining agent is 0.5-1.0 wt.% of the melt mass, and the refining time is 10-20 min; the stainless steel tube is phi 7-phi 10mm, and the pressure is 4.5-5.5 MPa; degassing for 2-5min, and keeping the temperature for 20-30 min.
Preferably, the mold preheating temperature in the step S4 is 225 ± 25 ℃.
Preferably, the solution treatment in the step S5 is a two-stage solution treatment, which is to perform heat preservation at 360 ℃ for 6-8h at 340 ℃ and then at 510 ℃ for 1-2h at 490 ℃.
Preferably, the aging treatment in step S6 is a two-stage aging treatment, which is a natural aging treatment performed for 11 to 13 hours and then an artificial aging treatment performed for 9 to 18 hours.
Preferably, the natural aging treatment in the step S6 is to naturally age and park the casting in the step S5.
Preferably, the artificial aging treatment in the step S6 is to keep the temperature at 120 +/-10 ℃ for 4-8h and then keep the temperature at 175 +/-5 ℃ for 5-10 h.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
in the scheme, the Sc element is added into the high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy part with the complex shape of the automobile, so that the high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy part has refining and modification effects, and the aluminum-silicon alloy is an aluminum-silicon-copper-magnesium alloy, does not contain alloy elements with increased cost or contains very little alloy elements.
The invention adopts two-stage solid solution and two-stage aging treatment, so that the second phase in the alloy is solid-dissolved in the matrix to the maximum extent, the crystal boundary and the intra-crystal distribution of the alloy are improved, and the strength and the hardness of the material are improved.
The high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy has the main structure of alpha-Al and eutectic Si and the secondary structure of Q-Al 5 Cu 2 Mg 8 Si 6 、π-Al 8 Mg 3 FeSi 6 And Al 3 (ScZrTiV)。
The yield strength of the high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy reaches more than 300MPa at room temperature, the tensile strength reaches more than 380MPa, and the elongation reaches more than 4%; the yield strength reaches more than 205MPa, the tensile strength reaches more than 215MPa, and the elongation rate reaches more than 3 percent at 300 ℃.
The high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy part with the complex shape for the automobile can be used for preparing parts with the complex shape for the automobile, the comprehensive mechanical properties at room temperature and 300 ℃ are excellent, and the tissue structure of a casting with the complex shape obtained after heat treatment is also superior to that of the existing light-weight parts for the automobile.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a structural view of a microstructure of a high-strength cast Al-Si alloy part with a complicated shape for an automobile according to the present invention, wherein: (a) is a microstructure diagram corresponding to example 1, (b) is a microstructure diagram corresponding to example 2;
FIG. 2 is a port profile of a high-strength cast Al-Si alloy part with a complicated shape for an automobile according to the present invention, wherein: (a) the port profile map is the port profile map corresponding to the embodiment 1, and (b) the port profile map corresponding to the embodiment 2.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that technical features or combinations of technical features described in the following embodiments should not be considered as being isolated, and they may be combined with each other to achieve better technical effects. In the drawings of the embodiments described below, the same reference numerals appearing in the respective drawings denote the same features or components, and may be applied to different embodiments.
Example 1
A high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: si: 6.92 wt.%, Cu: 2.26 wt.%, Mg: 0.54 wt.%, Ti: 0.12 wt.%, Zr: 0.14 wt.%, V: 0.11 wt.%, Sc: 0.25 wt.%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities.
The preparation method of the high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following steps:
s1, batching and preheating: weighing the high-strength aluminum-silicon alloy components according to the raw material proportion, wherein the raw materials are pure aluminum and intermediate alloys of aluminum silicon, aluminum copper, aluminum magnesium, aluminum titanium boron, aluminum zirconium, aluminum vanadium and aluminum scandium; preheating the weighed raw materials at 200 ℃ for 30 min;
s2, smelting: adding the raw materials preheated in the step S1 into a resistance furnace, and heating to melt at 760 ℃ to obtain a melt;
s3, aluminum liquid treatment: fully stirring the melt in the step S2, cooling to 730 ℃, adding a deslagging agent and a refining agent, wherein the addition amount of the deslagging agent and the refining agent is 0.8 wt% of the mass of the melt, the refining time is 17min, skimming scum after refining, degassing the melt under pressure by using a stainless steel pipe, and keeping the temperature, wherein the stainless steel pipe is phi 8mm, and the pressure is 5 MPa; degassing for 2min, and keeping the temperature for 25 min;
s4, casting: pouring the melt processed in the step S3 into a preheated mold, cooling, and taking out an aluminum-silicon alloy casting, wherein the preheating temperature is 250 ℃;
s5, solution quenching: putting the aluminum-silicon alloy casting obtained in the step S4 into a heat treatment furnace for solution treatment, wherein the heat preservation is carried out for 7 hours at 350 ℃ and then for 1 hour at 500 ℃; taking out the aluminum-silicon alloy casting, putting the aluminum-silicon alloy casting into cold water, and then quenching;
s6, aging treatment: carrying out aging treatment on the aluminum-silicon alloy casting treated in the step S5, firstly carrying out natural aging treatment for 12 hours, then carrying out heat preservation for 6 hours at 120 ℃, and then carrying out heat preservation for 7 hours at 175 ℃; finally, air cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy with room temperature and 300 ℃.
Wherein, as shown in (a) of FIG. 1, the obtained high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy has a main structure of alpha-Al and eutectic Si and a secondary structure of Q-Al 5 Cu 2 Mg 8 Si 6 、π-Al 8 Mg 3 FeSi 6 And Al 3 (ScZrTiV); as shown in fig. 2 (b), the port morphology is a mixed fracture morphology consisting of micro-vugs, dimples and secondary cracks, and some cleavage planes having tearing ridges are present.
The yield strength of the prepared material at room temperature reaches 307MPa, the tensile strength reaches 381MPa, and the elongation reaches 8%; the yield strength reaches 207MPa at 300 ℃, the tensile strength reaches 215MPa, and the elongation reaches 3.46%.
Example 2
A high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: si: 6.93 wt.%, Cu: 2.98 wt.%, Mg: 0.49 wt.%, Ti: 0.12 wt.%, Zr: 0.15 wt.%, V: 0.11 wt.%, Sc: 0.23 wt.%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities.
The preparation method of the high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following steps:
s1, batching and preheating: weighing the high-strength aluminum-silicon alloy components according to the raw material proportion, wherein the raw materials are pure aluminum and intermediate alloys of aluminum silicon, aluminum copper, aluminum magnesium, aluminum titanium boron, aluminum zirconium, aluminum vanadium and aluminum scandium; preheating the weighed raw materials at 220 ℃ for 25 min;
s2, smelting: adding the raw materials preheated in the step S1 into a resistance furnace, and heating to melt at a temperature of 775 ℃ to obtain a melt;
s3, aluminum liquid treatment: fully stirring the melt in the step S2, cooling to 730 ℃, adding a deslagging agent and a refining agent, wherein the addition amount of the deslagging agent and the refining agent is 0.6 wt% of the mass of the melt, the refining time is 20min, skimming scum after refining, degassing the melt under pressure by using a stainless steel pipe, and keeping the temperature, wherein the stainless steel pipe is phi 7mm, and the pressure is 5.5 MPa; degassing for 3min, and keeping the temperature for 20 min;
s4, casting: pouring the melt processed in the step S3 into a preheated mold, cooling and taking out an aluminum-silicon alloy casting, wherein the preheating temperature is 230 ℃;
s5, solution quenching: putting the aluminum-silicon alloy casting obtained in the step S4 into a heat treatment furnace for solution treatment, wherein the aluminum-silicon alloy casting is firstly subjected to heat preservation at 360 ℃ for 7 hours and then is subjected to heat preservation at 500 ℃ for 1 hour; taking out the aluminum-silicon alloy casting, putting the aluminum-silicon alloy casting into cold water, and then quenching;
s6, aging treatment: carrying out aging treatment on the aluminum-silicon alloy casting treated in the step S5, firstly carrying out natural aging treatment for 13 hours, then carrying out heat preservation for 6 hours at 125 ℃, and then carrying out heat preservation for 7 hours at 170 ℃; finally, air cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy with room temperature and 300 ℃.
Wherein, as shown in (b) of FIG. 1, the main structure of the obtained high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy is alpha-Al and eutectic Si, and the secondary structure is Q-Al 5 Cu 2 Mg 8 Si 6 、π-Al 8 Mg 3 FeSi 6 And Al 3 (ScZrTiV)；As shown in fig. 2 (b), the port morphology is a mixed fracture morphology consisting of micro-vugs, dimples and secondary cracks, and some cleavage planes having tearing ridges are present.
The yield strength of the prepared material at room temperature reaches 324MPa, the tensile strength reaches 393MPa, and the elongation reaches 4.5%; the yield strength reaches 218MPa, the tensile strength reaches 226MPa and the elongation reaches 3.2 percent at 300 ℃.
Example 3
A high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: si: 5.5 wt.%, Cu: 2.06 wt.%, Mg: 0.45 wt.%, Ti: 0.06 wt.%, Zr: 0.08 wt.%, V: 0.12 wt.%, Sc: 0.15 wt.%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities.
The preparation method of the high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following steps:
s1, batching and preheating: weighing the high-strength aluminum-silicon alloy components according to the raw material proportion, wherein the raw materials are pure aluminum and intermediate alloys of aluminum silicon, aluminum copper, aluminum magnesium, aluminum titanium boron, aluminum zirconium, aluminum vanadium and aluminum scandium; preheating the weighed raw materials at 210 ℃ for 28 min;
s2, smelting: adding the raw materials preheated in the step S1 into a resistance furnace, and heating to be molten at the temperature of 740 ℃ to obtain a melt;
s3, aluminum liquid treatment: fully stirring the melt in the step S2, cooling to 712 ℃, adding a deslagging agent and a refining agent, wherein the addition amount of the deslagging agent and the refining agent is 0.6 wt% of the mass of the melt, the refining time is 12min, skimming scum after refining, degassing the melt under pressure by using a stainless steel pipe, and keeping the temperature, wherein the stainless steel pipe is phi 10mm, and the pressure is 4.5 MPa; degassing for 4min, and keeping the temperature for 23 min;
s4, casting: pouring the melt processed in the step S3 into a preheated mold, cooling and taking out an aluminum-silicon alloy casting, wherein the preheating temperature is 210 ℃;
s5, solution quenching: putting the aluminum-silicon alloy casting obtained in the step S4 into a heat treatment furnace for solution treatment, wherein the heat preservation is carried out for 7 hours at 340 ℃ and then for 1 hour at 510 ℃; taking out the aluminum-silicon alloy casting, putting the aluminum-silicon alloy casting into cold water, and then quenching;
s6, aging treatment: carrying out aging treatment on the aluminum-silicon alloy casting treated in the step S5, wherein the natural aging treatment is carried out for 11h, then the heat preservation is carried out for 4h at 110 ℃, and then the heat preservation is carried out for 8h at 172 ℃; finally, air cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy with room temperature and 300 ℃.
Wherein the main structure of the prepared high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy is alpha-Al and eutectic Si, and the secondary structure is Q-Al 5 Cu 2 Mg 8 Si 6 、π-Al 8 Mg 3 FeSi 6 And Al 3 (ScZrTiV), the port morphology is a mixed fracture morphology consisting of micro-holes, tough pits and secondary cracks, and some cleavage planes with tearing ridges exist.
The yield strength of the prepared material at room temperature reaches 320MPa, the tensile strength reaches 390MPa, and the elongation reaches 4.8%; the yield strength reaches 208MPa, the tensile strength reaches 223MPa, and the elongation reaches 3.6% at 300 ℃.
Example 4
A high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: si: 7.2 wt.%, Cu: 1.80 wt.%, Mg: 0.7 wt.%, Ti: 0.16 wt.%, Zr: 0.13 wt.%, V: 0.09 wt.%, Sc: 0.25 wt.%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities.
The preparation method of the high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following steps:
s1, batching and preheating: weighing the high-strength aluminum-silicon alloy components according to the raw material proportion, wherein the raw materials are pure aluminum and intermediate alloys of aluminum silicon, aluminum copper, aluminum magnesium, aluminum titanium boron, aluminum zirconium, aluminum vanadium and aluminum scandium; preheating the weighed raw materials at 220 ℃ for 22 min;
s2, smelting: adding the raw materials preheated in the step S1 into a resistance furnace, and heating to be molten at the temperature of 750 ℃ to obtain a melt;
s3, aluminum liquid treatment: fully stirring the melt in the step S2, cooling to 740 ℃, adding a deslagging agent and a refining agent, wherein the addition amount of the deslagging agent and the refining agent is 0.7 wt% of the mass of the melt, the refining time is 18min, skimming scum after refining, degassing the melt under pressure by using a stainless steel pipe, and keeping the temperature, wherein the stainless steel pipe is phi 9mm, and the pressure is 5.2 MPa; degassing for 3min, and keeping the temperature for 24 min;
s4, casting: pouring the melt processed in the step S3 into a preheated mold, cooling and taking out an aluminum-silicon alloy casting, wherein the preheating temperature is 215 ℃;
s5, solution quenching: putting the aluminum-silicon alloy casting obtained in the step S4 into a heat treatment furnace for solution treatment, wherein the heat preservation is carried out for 6h at 360 ℃ and then 1.5h at 498 ℃; taking out the aluminum-silicon alloy casting, putting the aluminum-silicon alloy casting into cold water, and then quenching;
s6, aging treatment: carrying out aging treatment on the aluminum-silicon alloy casting treated in the step S5, firstly carrying out natural aging treatment for 12.5h, then carrying out heat preservation for 4h at the temperature of 130 ℃, and then carrying out heat preservation for 6h at the temperature of 180 ℃; finally, air cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy with room temperature and 300 ℃.
Wherein the main structure of the prepared high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy is alpha-Al and eutectic Si, and the secondary structure is Q-Al 5 Cu 2 Mg 8 Si 6 、π-Al 8 Mg 3 FeSi 6 And Al 3 (ScZrTiV), the port morphology is a mixed fracture morphology consisting of micro-holes, tough pits and secondary cracks, and some cleavage planes with tearing ridges exist.
The yield strength of the prepared material at room temperature reaches 315MPa, the tensile strength reaches 387MPa, and the elongation percentage reaches 5.1%; the yield strength reaches 211MPa, the tensile strength reaches 228MPa and the elongation reaches 4.3 percent at 300 ℃.
Example 5
A high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: si: 5.8 wt.%, Cu: 2.47 wt.%, Mg: 0.5 wt.%, Ti: 0.05 wt.%, Zr: 0.08 wt.%, V: 0.13 wt.%, Sc: 0.35 wt.%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities.
The preparation method of the high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following steps:
s1, batching and preheating: weighing the high-strength aluminum-silicon alloy components according to the raw material proportion, wherein the raw materials are pure aluminum and intermediate alloys of aluminum silicon, aluminum copper, aluminum magnesium, aluminum titanium boron, aluminum zirconium, aluminum vanadium and aluminum scandium; preheating the weighed raw materials at 215 ℃ for 23 min;
s2, smelting: adding the raw materials preheated in the step S1 into a resistance furnace, and heating to be molten at 770 ℃ to obtain a melt;
s3, aluminum liquid treatment: fully stirring the melt in the step S2, cooling to 745 ℃, adding a deslagging agent and a refining agent, wherein the addition amount of the deslagging agent and the refining agent is 0.9 wt% of the mass of the melt, the refining time is 17min, skimming scum after refining, degassing the melt under pressure by using a stainless steel pipe, and keeping the temperature, wherein the stainless steel pipe is phi 10mm, and the pressure is 5.4 MPa; degassing for 2.5min, and keeping the temperature for 26 min;
s4, casting: pouring the melt processed in the step S3 into a preheated mold, cooling and taking out an aluminum-silicon alloy casting, wherein the preheating temperature is 215 ℃;
s5, solution quenching: putting the aluminum-silicon alloy casting obtained in the step S4 into a heat treatment furnace for solution treatment, wherein the aluminum-silicon alloy casting is firstly subjected to heat preservation for 7 hours at 346 ℃ and then is subjected to heat preservation for 1.8 hours at 504 ℃; taking out the aluminum-silicon alloy casting, putting the aluminum-silicon alloy casting into cold water, and then quenching;
s6, aging treatment: carrying out aging treatment on the aluminum-silicon alloy casting treated in the step S5, wherein the aging treatment is carried out for 11-13h, then the heat preservation is carried out for 7.5h at 117 ℃, and then the heat preservation is carried out for 6h at 171 ℃; finally, air cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy with room temperature and 300 ℃.
Wherein the main structure of the prepared high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy is alpha-Al and eutectic Si, and the secondary structure is Q-Al 5 Cu 2 Mg 8 Si 6 、π-Al 8 Mg 3 FeSi 6 And Al 3 (ScZrTiV), the port morphology is a mixed fracture morphology consisting of micro-holes, tough pits and secondary cracks, and some cleavage planes with tearing ridges exist.
The yield strength of the prepared product at room temperature reaches 320MPa, the tensile strength reaches 395MPa, and the elongation reaches 4.9%; the yield strength reaches 214MPa, the tensile strength reaches 225MPa and the elongation reaches 3.5 percent at 300 ℃.
Example 6
A high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: si: 6.5 wt.%, Cu: 2.76 wt.%, Mg: 0.43 wt.%, Ti: 0.058 wt.%, Zr: 0.07 wt.%, V: 0.14 wt.%, Sc: 0.45 wt.%, the balance Al and unavoidable impurities.
The preparation method of the high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following steps:
s1, batching and preheating: weighing the high-strength aluminum-silicon alloy components according to the raw material proportion, wherein the raw materials are pure aluminum and intermediate alloys of aluminum silicon, aluminum copper, aluminum magnesium, aluminum titanium boron, aluminum zirconium, aluminum vanadium and aluminum scandium; preheating the weighed raw materials at 228 deg.C for 28 min;
s2, smelting: adding the raw material preheated in the step S1 into a resistance furnace, and heating to be molten at the temperature of 777 ℃ to obtain a melt;
s3, aluminum liquid treatment: fully stirring the melt in the step S2, cooling to 750 ℃, adding a deslagging agent and a refining agent, wherein the addition amount of the deslagging agent and the refining agent is 0.7 wt% of the mass of the melt, the refining time is 17min, skimming scum after refining, degassing the melt under pressure by using a stainless steel pipe, and keeping the temperature, wherein the stainless steel pipe is phi 8mm, and the pressure is 5.3 MPa; degassing for 4min, and keeping the temperature for 27 min;
s4, casting: pouring the melt processed in the step S3 into a preheated mold, cooling and taking out an aluminum-silicon alloy casting, wherein the preheating temperature is 240 ℃;
s5, solution quenching: putting the aluminum-silicon alloy casting obtained in the step S4 into a heat treatment furnace for solution treatment, wherein the aluminum-silicon alloy casting is firstly subjected to heat preservation for 7 hours at 356 ℃ and then is subjected to heat preservation for 2 hours at 498 ℃; taking out the aluminum-silicon alloy casting, putting the aluminum-silicon alloy casting into cold water, and then quenching;
s6, aging treatment: carrying out aging treatment on the aluminum-silicon alloy casting treated in the step S5, firstly carrying out natural aging treatment for 11-13h, then carrying out heat preservation for 7h at 125 ℃, and then carrying out heat preservation for 6h at 176 ℃; finally, air cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy with room temperature and 300 ℃.
Wherein the main structure of the prepared high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy is alpha-Al and eutectic Si, and the secondary structure is Q-Al 5 Cu 2 Mg 8 Si 6 、π-Al 8 Mg 3 FeSi 6 And Al 3 (ScZrTiV), the port morphology is a mixed fracture morphology consisting of micro-caverns, pits and secondary cracks, and cleavage planes with tearing ridges exist.
The yield strength of the prepared material at room temperature reaches 318MPa, the tensile strength reaches 387MPa, and the elongation reaches 4.3%; the yield strength reaches 210MPa, the tensile strength reaches 218MPa and the elongation reaches 3.3 percent at 300 ℃.
In the scheme, the Sc element is added into the high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy part with the complex shape of the automobile, so that the high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy part has refining and modification effects, and the aluminum-silicon alloy is an aluminum-silicon-copper-magnesium alloy, does not contain alloy elements with increased cost or contains very little alloy elements.
The invention adopts two-stage solid solution and two-stage aging treatment, so that the second phase in the alloy is solid-dissolved in the matrix to the maximum extent, the crystal boundary and the intra-crystal distribution of the alloy are improved, and the strength and the hardness of the material are improved.
The high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy has the main structure of alpha-Al and eutectic Si and the secondary structure of Q-Al 5 Cu 2 Mg 8 Si 6 、π-Al 8 Mg 3 FeSi 6 And Al 3 (ScZrTiV)。
The yield strength of the high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy reaches more than 300MPa at room temperature, the tensile strength reaches more than 380MPa, and the elongation reaches more than 4%; the yield strength reaches more than 205MPa, the tensile strength reaches more than 215MPa, and the elongation rate reaches more than 3 percent at 300 ℃.
The high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy part with the complex shape for the automobile can be used for preparing parts with the complex shape for the automobile, the comprehensive mechanical properties at room temperature and 300 ℃ are excellent, and the tissue structure of a casting with the complex shape obtained after heat treatment is also superior to that of the existing light-weight parts for the automobile.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy part with the complex shape of the automobile is characterized in that the high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 5.5-7.8 wt.%, Cu: 1.80-2.98 wt.%, Mg: 0.4-0.8 wt.%, Ti: 0.04-0.16 wt.%, Zr: 0.04-0.16 wt.%, V: 0.08-0.15 wt.%, Sc: 0.15-0.45 wt.%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities;
the yield strength of the high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy reaches more than 300MPa at room temperature, the tensile strength reaches more than 380MPa, and the elongation reaches more than 4%; the yield strength reaches more than 205MPa, the tensile strength reaches more than 215MPa, and the elongation rate reaches more than 3 percent at 300 ℃.
2. The high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy part according to claim 1, wherein the high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy has a primary structure of α -Al and eutectic Si and a secondary structure of Q-Al 5 Cu 2 Mg 8 Si 6 、π-Al 8 Mg 3 FeSi 6 And Al 3 (ScZrTiV)。
3. The method for manufacturing a high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy part with a complicated shape for an automobile according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
s1, batching and preheating: weighing the high-strength aluminum-silicon alloy components according to the raw material proportion, and preheating the weighed raw materials;
s2, smelting: adding the raw materials preheated in the step S1 into a resistance furnace, and heating until the raw materials are melted to obtain a melt;
s3, aluminum liquid treatment: fully stirring the melt in the step S2, cooling, adding a deslagging agent and a refining agent, skimming scum after refining, degassing the melt under pressure by using a stainless steel pipe, and preserving heat;
s4, casting: pouring the melt processed in the step S3 into a preheated mold, and cooling and taking out the aluminum-silicon alloy casting;
s5, solution quenching: putting the aluminum-silicon alloy casting obtained in the step S4 into a heat treatment furnace for solution treatment, taking out the aluminum-silicon alloy casting, putting the aluminum-silicon alloy casting into cold water, and then carrying out quenching treatment;
s6, aging treatment: and (4) carrying out aging treatment on the aluminum-silicon alloy casting treated in the step S5, and finally air-cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy at room temperature and 300 ℃.
4. The method for manufacturing a high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy part with a complicated shape for an automobile according to claim 3, wherein the raw material in the step S1 is pure aluminum and aluminum-silicon, aluminum-copper, aluminum-magnesium, aluminum-titanium-boron, aluminum-zirconium, aluminum-vanadium, aluminum-scandium intermediate alloy; the preheating temperature is 200 ℃ and 230 ℃, and the preheating time is 20-30 min.
5. The method for manufacturing a high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy part with a complicated shape for automobiles according to claim 3, wherein the heating to the melting temperature in the step S2 is 760 ± 20 ℃.
6. The method for manufacturing high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy parts with complicated shapes for automobiles according to claim 3, wherein the temperature reduction in the step S3 needs to be reduced to 730 +/-20 ℃, the addition amount of the slag removing agent and the refining agent is 0.5-1.0 wt.% of the melt mass, and the refining time is 10-20 min; the stainless steel tube is phi 7-phi 10mm, and the pressure is 4.5-5.5 MPa; degassing for 2-5min, and keeping the temperature for 20-30 min.
7. The method for manufacturing a high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy part with a complicated shape for automobiles according to claim 3, wherein the mold preheating temperature in the step S4 is 225 ± 25 ℃.
8. The method for preparing a high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy part with a complicated shape for an automobile as claimed in claim 3, wherein the solution treatment in the step S5 is a two-stage solution treatment, which comprises heat preservation at 360 ℃ for 6-8h at 340 ℃ and then heat preservation at 510 ℃ for 1-2h at 490 ℃.
9. The method for manufacturing high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy parts with complicated shapes for automobiles according to claim 3, wherein the aging treatment in the step S6 is a two-stage aging treatment which is a natural aging treatment for 11-13h and then an artificial aging treatment for 9-18 h.
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