CN110029250B - High-elongation heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy and pressure casting preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-elongation heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy and pressure casting preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110029250B CN110029250B CN201910268003.6A CN201910268003A CN110029250B CN 110029250 B CN110029250 B CN 110029250B CN 201910268003 A CN201910268003 A CN 201910268003A CN 110029250 B CN110029250 B CN 110029250B
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-elongation heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy and a pressure casting preparation method thereof, wherein the alloy comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: 9.0-12.0% of Si, 0.05-0.4% of Cu, 0.02-0.05% of Mg, 0.05-0.1% of Sc, 0.3-0.5% of M, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, wherein M is at least one element of Ti, Zr and V. After the high-elongation heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy is subjected to pressure casting, the room-temperature yield strength of the die-cast alloy reaches 169MPa, the elongation reaches 10.0%, the high-temperature tensile strength at 200 ℃ reaches 190MPa, the high-temperature elongation reaches 14.0%, the room-temperature and heat-resistant properties are excellent, and the high-elongation heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy can be applied to automobile parts without solution heat treatment and meets the requirement for lightweight development of automobiles.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-elongation heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy and a pressure casting preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of industrial aluminum alloys and manufacturing.
Background
The aluminum alloy has the characteristics of small density, high specific strength and specific stiffness, good corrosion resistance, excellent electric and thermal conductivity, easiness in recovery, good low-temperature performance and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of transportation, aerospace, electronic and electric appliances and the like. Pressure casting is a casting method in which liquid metal is filled into a die-casting mold cavity at a high speed under the action of high pressure and is solidified under pressure to form a casting. The die casting not only ensures that the casting has higher strength, dimensional accuracy and surface smoothness, but also is easy to realize mechanization and automation, has high production efficiency, and can produce thin-wall castings with complex shapes, thereby being widely applied to industries of automobiles, electronic instruments, telecommunication and the like. The Al — Si alloy is a typical cast aluminum alloy, has excellent casting properties such as good fluidity, compact casting, and less tendency to cause casting cracks, corrosion resistance, and moderate machinability, has become one of the most important structural materials in the manufacturing industry, and has been widely used for producing parts such as engine cylinders, cylinder heads, and hubs. Typical grades of Al — Si-based cast aluminum alloys include domestic YL102(AlSi12), YL112(AlSi8.5cu3.5), YL113(AlSi811Cu3), japanese ADC12(AlSi11Cu3), ADC10(AlSi8.5cu3.5), and U.S. a380(AlSi8.5cu3.5), and these alloys have general strength and hardness, and relatively low plasticity and toughness, which limits their applications.
The A380 aluminum alloy is the most widely used Al-Si alloy, the Si content of the alloy is as high as 7.5 wt% -9.5 wt%, the alloy has good casting performance, and the high Cu content (3.0 wt% -4.0 wt%) can obtain high strength and good machinability, and the alloy is widely applied to various fields of transportation industry (industries such as automobiles, motorcycles and the like), aerospace, electronics/electrical appliances and the like. Meanwhile, the Cu content in A380 is high, and the standard electrode potential of the generated Cu-rich phase is high, so that the Cu-rich phase is easy to corrode in a humid or liquid environment. The A360 aluminum alloy is also a widely used Al-Si alloy, and the most remarkable difference compared with A380 is that the Cu content is low, the maximum value is 0.6%, the formed copper is much less than that of A380, the corrosion resistance is slightly better than that of A380 alloy, but the application in industrial production is limited due to the poor welding and brazing performance, and the A360 aluminum alloy is generally used as a cover plate and an instrument shell. The Al-Si alloy A380 and the A360 alloy are obtained by casting, the yield strength in a non-heat treatment state is only 120MPa generally, the elongation is only about 1 percent, the actual requirement cannot be met, and the strength can be further improved by heat treatment. The A380 and A360 aluminum alloy has poor heat resistance, and the tensile strength at 200 ℃ is only 120 MPa.
The limit solid solubility of Mg in Al is 14.9 wt%, Mg2Si phase generated by the reaction of Mg and Si has typical aging precipitation strengthening effect, and is important alloy in Al-Si series cast aluminum alloyAnd (4) transforming the elements. Because the Mg2Si phase has obvious overaging at 180-200 ℃, the nano precipitated phase is quickly coarsened, and the high-temperature performance is obviously reduced. Meanwhile, with the increase of the content of Mg, the yield strength and the tensile strength of the alloy are obviously improved, but the elongation is obviously reduced. At the same time, because of Mg above 180 DEG C2The Si phase is obviously coarsened, so that the high temperature resistance of the Al-Si-Mg alloy at 200 ℃ is poor, and the Al-Si-Mg alloy is mainly used for thin-wall castings which are in service at normal temperature and have complex shapes. Cu is an important strengthening element in the Al-Si alloy, and the room temperature strength and the high temperature strength of the alloy are obviously improved. Since the solid solubility of Cu at 525 ℃ is as high as 4.6% and only 0.2% at normal temperature, the Cu-containing Al-Si alloy can be improved in strength by heat treatment. The invention Chinese patent 201710640233.1 (zirconium strontium composite micro-alloyed and magnesium alloyed high-hardness corrosion-resistant aluminum-silicon-copper series cast aluminum alloy and preparation method) discloses a Zr, Sr composite micro-alloyed and Mg alloyed high-hardness corrosion-resistant Al-Si-Cu series cast aluminum alloy and preparation method, the invented components and mass percentages are: 7.88 to 8.02 percent of Si, 2.04 to 2.08 percent of Cu, 0.406 to 0.421 percent of Mg, 0.179 to 0.182 percent of Zr, 0.0066 to 0.0069 percent of Sr, and the balance of aluminum and a small amount of impurity elements. The technology of the invention still has the following problems: the Cu content of the alloy exceeds 1 percent, so that the solidification interval of the alloy is increased, casting defects are easy to generate, and the mechanical property is reduced; the Mg content is too high, the elongation and the high-temperature performance are reduced, and the elongation is lower than 6 percent in the invention.
Sc is an efficient refiner in Al alloy, and the addition of a trace amount of Sc can obviously refine grains and improve the strength and toughness of the material. Addition of Sc to Al alloys results in the formation of large amounts of Al3Sc particles, Al3The lattice constant of Sc is 0.4103nm, the mismatching degree with the Al matrix is only 1.32%, and the Sc is completely coherent with the matrix, so that the crystal grains can be effectively refined, and the strength of the alloy can be improved. The invention of Chinese patent 201210584709.1 (aluminum-manganese-zinc-scandium aluminum alloy foil for automobile radiating fin produced by continuous casting and rolling) discloses a method for producing aluminum-manganese-zinc-scandium aluminum alloy foil for automobile radiating fin by continuous casting and rolling, the aluminum-manganese-zinc-scandium aluminum alloy foil for automobile radiating fin invented by the invention comprises the following specific chemical components by mass percent: 0.06% Sc, 0.44% Si, 0.46%% Fe, 0.11% Cu, 1.06% Mn, 0.05% Mg, 1.47% Zn, Cr less than or equal to 0.017%, Ni less than or equal to 0.014%, Ti less than or equal to 0.012%, Zr less than or equal to 0.026%, and the balance of Al. The technology of the invention still has the following problems: the Si content in the invention is only 0.44%, the Zn content is 1.47%, the invention is a wrought aluminum alloy, complex continuous casting and rolling and heat treatment processes are required, and the invention is different from Al-Si series cast aluminum alloy. In addition, the content of Zn is 1.47%, because the melting point of Zn is low and the diffusion rate is high, the high-temperature performance of over 150 ℃ is not facilitated, and the aging of the aluminum alloy is easy to cause. The invention relates to a Chinese patent 201810801603.X (an aging process of Al-Si-Mg-Zr-Ti-Sc alloy) which discloses an aging process of Al-Si-Mg-Zr-Ti-Sc alloy, wherein the Al-Si-Mg-Zr-Ti-Sc alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 6.5 percent of Si, 0.35 percent of Mg0.2 percent of Ti0.2 percent of Zr0.25 percent of Sc0.01 percent of Al, and the balance of Al. The aging process of the Al-Si-Mg-Zr-Ti-Sc alloy fully excavates the alloy potential through two-stage aging treatment so as to improve the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy. The aging process comprises the following steps: the solution treatment process comprises the following steps: and (3) carrying out solid solution at 540 ℃ for 310min, discharging from the furnace and quenching, wherein the time from discharging to water is controlled within 15s, and the cooling time in water is 3-5 min. The aging treatment process comprises the following steps: aging and heat preservation at 125 ℃ for 150min, then aging and heat preservation at 155 ℃ for 100-200 min, and discharging from the furnace and air cooling. The technology of the invention still has the following problems: the silicon content is too low to be advantageous for high temperature performance. The invention needs solid solution and secondary aging treatment, is easy to cause the deformation of cast parts in the heat treatment process, is not suitable for casting parts such as die casting and thin-wall castings, and has the defects of high production cost caused by complex heat treatment operation and difficult industrial large-scale application.
In addition, chinese invention patent 201811331020.1 (a graphene rare earth scandium synergistically enhanced Al-Si-Mg cast aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof) discloses an aluminum alloy having the following element composition: 6.00-8.00 percent of Si, 0.20-0.45 percent of Mg0.003-0.007 percent of graphene, 0.50-0.60 percent of Sc, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Li, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Be, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of B, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Na, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of V, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Cu, less. The following problems still exist with this patented technology: the Sc content is too high, so that the cost is too high, and the large-scale industrial application is not facilitated; in addition, the alloy system of the invention is complex, and a plurality of alloy elements react to cause that the function can not be exerted. For example, both added Na and P elements may yield a deterioration effect on Si, but the simultaneous addition causes Na to react with P to form Na3P resulting in deterioration failure; for example, the added graphene reacts with an aluminum melt to form Al4C3, 4Al +3C ═ Al4C3, which is easily hydrolyzed, and thus the effect of graphene cannot be exerted, and the alloy is unstable, and the yield strength of the obtained alloy is only 142-144MPa, and the elongation at that strength is only 9%. In addition, the solid solubility of the added elements such as Ti, V, Zn, Sn and the like in the aluminum alloy causes the distortion of the crystal lattice of an aluminum matrix, so that the electric conductivity obtained by the invention patent is greatly reduced and is lower than the level of the conventional aluminum alloy 6061.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new type of cast aluminum alloy, especially to improve the elongation and high temperature performance, to obtain a high strength and toughness cast aluminum alloy material and a casting process thereof, to realize replacement of forging by casting, and to break through the application limitation of cast aluminum alloys.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high-elongation heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, aiming at solving the industrial problem that the application of the traditional A380 equal-pressure cast aluminum alloy is greatly limited due to the defects of insufficient elongation and heat resistance. After the alloy is subjected to pressure casting, the room-temperature yield strength of the die-casting alloy reaches 169MPa, the elongation reaches 10.0%, the high-temperature tensile strength at 200 ℃ reaches 190MPa, and the high-temperature elongation reaches 14.0%.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a high elongation, heat resistant cast aluminum alloy comprising, in weight percent: 9.0-12.0% of Si, 0.05-0.4% of Cu, 0.02-0.05% of Mg, 0.05-0.1% of Sc, 0.3-0.5% of M, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities; wherein M is at least one element selected from Ti, Zr and V.
Preferably, the inevitable impurities comprise Fe, and the weight percentage content of the Fe is not more than 0.2%; the weight percentage of the Al is not less than 87 percent.
Preferably, the M element comprises the following elements in percentage by weight based on the total amount of the elements in the alloy: ti 0-0.3%, Zr 0-0.3%, V0-0.3%, and the contents of the three elements are not 0 at the same time.
More preferably, the M element is a combination element of three of Ti, Zr and V; more preferably, the weight content ratio of the three elements is 1:1: 2.
The main principle of the invention is that for pressure casting Al-Si alloy, the Cu content of the alloy component is controlled to be 0.05-0.4%, so that the solidification interval of the alloy is promoted to be reduced from 80 ℃ of A380 to 35 ℃, coarsening in the solidification process of aluminum crystal grains and eutectic silicon is favorably inhibited, grain refinement and deterioration are promoted, in order to further refine the crystal grains and the eutectic silicon, a small amount of Zr, Ti, V and other elements are added to form a high-temperature stable phase which is coherent with an aluminum matrix, the crystal grains are effectively refined, and the strength of the alloy is improved. The additive trace elements of Sc, Zr, Ti, V and the like can also form coherent Al3Scx(Zr,Ti,V)1-xThe composite particles simultaneously refine and deteriorate Al grains and Al-Si eutectic crystals, fully exert fine grain strengthening and eutectic silicon strengthening, and obtain better grain refining and strengthening effects. Sc is also beneficial to eliminating the harmful influence of Fe impurity elements and greatly improving the elongation. In addition, a small amount of elements such as Cu and Mg are added into the Al-Si alloy, so that a strengthening phase Q phase Al which is stable at room temperature and high temperature can be formed5Cu2Mg8Si6In addition, the solid solubility of Cu at 200 ℃ is up to 0.1%, and partial Al2Cu dissolves to form solid solution strengthening, and Al is inhibited2Coarsening Cu; while Cu dissolved at room temperature precipitates to form more Al2the Cu strengthening phase exerts a precipitation strengthening effect, in short, the solid solution and precipitation strengthening effect of Cu are simultaneously exerted by adding a small amount of elements such as Cu, Mg and the like, and the room temperature and high temperature strength are improved.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a pressure casting preparation method of a high-elongation heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy, which comprises the steps of weighing raw materials, sequentially adding an industrial pure aluminum ingot, an Al-Si intermediate alloy, an Al-Cu intermediate alloy, an Al-Sc intermediate alloy, an Al-M intermediate alloy and an industrial pure magnesium ingot for melting, refining to obtain an aluminum alloy melt, and then carrying out pressure casting on the aluminum alloy melt; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) calculating the consumption of the required raw materials according to the alloy components and the stoichiometric ratio; removing oxide layers of an industrial pure aluminum ingot, an industrial pure magnesium ingot and an Al-Si intermediate alloy, and drying and preheating;
(2) after all the industrial pure aluminum ingots are melted, heating, adding Al-Si intermediate alloy, and preserving heat;
(3) after the Al-Si intermediate alloy is completely melted, heating to 760-780 ℃, sequentially adding Al-Cu, Al-Ti intermediate alloy and Al-M intermediate alloy, and preserving heat for 15-20 minutes after all the intermediate alloy is added;
(4) after all the intermediate alloys are melted, reducing the temperature of the melt to 695-705 ℃, adding an industrial pure magnesium ingot, after the magnesium ingot is completely melted, adding a refining agent at 715-725 ℃ for refining, standing for 10-20 minutes after refining, and skimming the surface scum to obtain an aluminum alloy melt;
(5) and cooling the aluminum alloy melt to 650-700 ℃, skimming the surface scum, pressing the aluminum alloy melt into a die-casting die preheated to 220-270 ℃ at a speed of 0.5-8 m/s, and cooling to obtain the high-elongation heat-resistant die-casting aluminum alloy.
Preferably, the Al-Si intermediate alloy is AlSi23 or AlSi 28; the Al-Cu intermediate alloy is AlCu 50; the Al-M intermediate alloy comprises an Al-Ti intermediate alloy, an Al-Zr intermediate alloy and an Al-V intermediate alloy; the Al-Ti intermediate alloy is AlTi5, AlTi10 or AlTi5B1, the Al-Zr intermediate alloy is AlZr4, and the Al-V intermediate alloy is AlV 5; the Al-Sc master alloy is AlSc2 master alloy.
Preferably, in the step (4), the addition amount of the refining agent is 0.5-1.5% of the total weight of the raw materials.
Preferably, in the step (4), the refining agent consists of the following components in percentage by weight: 50-70% of calcium carbonate, 10-30% of sodium chloride and 10-30% of potassium chloride. If the adopted refining agent components are not in the range, such as sodium chloride or potassium chloride, the melting point of the refining agent is increased, the refining agent cannot be melted during refining, and the wettability between the refining agent and an aluminum alloy melt is poor, so that the refining effect is influenced; if the content of calcium carbonate is too low, the content of gas generated by decomposing calcium carbonate is too low, the melt cannot be stirred, oxide and other impurities are brought to the surface of the melt through bubble buoyancy, and a good melt purification effect cannot be achieved.
Preferably, in the step (4), the refining temperature is 720-730 ℃, and the stirring time of the refining treatment is 5-10 min.
Preferably, in the step (2), after the temperature is raised to 720 ℃, adding an Al-Si intermediate alloy; the Al-Si intermediate alloy is added for 2 to 4 times.
Preferably, in the step (2), the melting step of the industrial pure aluminum ingot is as follows: melting part of industrial pure aluminum ingots accounting for 25% of the height of the crucible into a molten pool at 710-720 ℃, and then adding and melting the rest of industrial pure aluminum ingots.
The pressure casting preparation method of the high-elongation heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) and heating to 760-780 ℃ in the alloy melting process, adding the intermediate alloy, and keeping the temperature for 15-20 minutes, wherein the high temperature of 760-780 ℃ ensures that all the intermediate alloy is completely melted, dissolved and homogenized, and the adverse effect of residual particles of the intermediate alloy on the elongation is overcome. (2) In the production process of pressure casting, the invention does not need huge processing equipment, can cast and form parts with complex shapes, saves metals, reduces the cost, reduces the working hours and the like, improves the market competitiveness of the alloy, and is suitable for being popularized to large-scale industrial production.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the alloy raw materials are pure metals and intermediate alloys, the sources are wide, no impurity element permeates in the whole preparation process, and the impurity content of the prepared aluminum alloy is extremely low;
(2) the refining agent is used in the casting process, so that impurities in the aluminum alloy melt can be effectively removed, and the mechanical property and the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy are effectively improved;
(3) the proper amount of Sc, Zr, Ti, V and other transition metals can effectively improve the performance of the existing high-strength aluminum alloy. The transition metal treatment is used, so that aluminum crystal grains and eutectic silicon are refined, the yield strength and the elongation are improved, and the high-temperature strength is greatly improved.
(4) The proper amount of Sc, Zr, Ti, V and other transition metals eliminates the harmful effect of Fe element, greatly improves the elongation rate, and simultaneously, the trace amount of Fe can improve the recovery utilization rate of the alloy, and reduces the inclusion requirement on Al-Si and other intermediate alloys Fe, thereby reducing the cost of the intermediate alloy.
(5) The alloy material prepared by the method has the characteristics of room-temperature yield strength of 169MPa, elongation of 10.0%, tensile strength of 190MPa at high temperature of 200 ℃ and elongation of 14.0%, high elongation, high temperature heat resistance and the like, meets the use requirements of automobile aluminum alloy parts, has simple process, safety, reliability and convenient operation, has higher market competitiveness, and is suitable for being popularized to large-scale industrial production.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a metallographic structure chart of an as-cast aluminum alloy in example 3.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The high-elongation heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 9.0 percent of Si, 0.05 percent of Cu, 0.05 percent of Mg, 0.05 percent of Sc, 0.3 percent of Zr, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities of Fe.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) after the burning loss is properly considered, calculating the consumption of the required raw materials according to the alloy components and the stoichiometric ratio; removing oxide layers of an industrial pure aluminum ingot, an industrial pure magnesium ingot and Al-Si intermediate alloy AlSi23, and drying and preheating to 200 ℃; calculating the consumption of the required raw materials according to the components and the stoichiometric ratio of the alloy;
(2) melting an industrial pure aluminum ingot accounting for 25% of the height of the crucible into a molten pool at 710 ℃, and adding the rest aluminum ingot;
(3) after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, heating to 720 ℃, adding Al-Si intermediate alloy for 4 times, and keeping the temperature constant at 720 ℃;
(4) after the Al-Si intermediate alloy is completely melted, heating to 780 ℃, sequentially adding AlCu50, AlZr4 intermediate alloy and AlSc2 intermediate alloy, and after all the intermediate alloy is added, keeping the temperature at 780 ℃ for 15 minutes;
(5) after all the intermediate alloy is melted, reducing the temperature of the melt to 695 ℃, adding an industrial pure magnesium ingot, after the magnesium ingot is completely melted, adding 0.5% of a refining agent at 715 ℃ for refining, wherein the refining temperature is 720 ℃, the stirring time of the refining treatment is 10min, and the refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 50% of calcium carbonate, 30% of sodium chloride and 20% of potassium chloride, refining, standing for 20 minutes, and skimming surface scum to obtain an aluminum alloy melt;
(6) and cooling the aluminum alloy melt to 660 ℃, skimming the surface scum, pressing the aluminum alloy melt into a die-casting die preheated to 220 ℃ at the speed of 0.5m/s, and cooling to obtain the high-elongation heat-resistant die-casting aluminum alloy.
Respectively carrying out a-room temperature tensile test on the prepared die-casting aluminum alloy; b, performing high-temperature tensile property test at 200 ℃ after 200-hour heat exposure treatment at 200 ℃, wherein the as-cast room-temperature yield strength of the high-elongation heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy in the example is 150MPa, and the elongation is 14%; the tensile strength at high temperature of 200 ℃ is 170MPa, and the elongation is 22%.
Example 2
The high-elongation heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: according to the theoretical mixture ratio, 11.0 percent of Si, 0.4 percent of Cu, 0.02 percent of Mg, 0.1 percent of Sc, 0.3 percent of Zr,0.1 percent of Ti, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities of Fe.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) removing oxide layers of an industrial pure aluminum ingot, an industrial pure magnesium ingot and Al-Si intermediate alloy AlSi28, and drying and preheating to 200 ℃; calculating the consumption of the required raw materials according to the components and the stoichiometric ratio of the alloy;
(2) melting an industrial pure aluminum ingot accounting for 25% of the height of the crucible into a molten pool at 715 ℃, and adding the rest aluminum ingot;
(3) after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, heating to 720 ℃, adding the Al-Si intermediate alloy for 3 times, and keeping the temperature constant at 715 ℃;
(4) after the Al-Si intermediate alloy is completely melted, heating to 760 ℃, sequentially adding AlCu50, AlZr4 intermediate alloy, AlTi5 intermediate alloy and AlSc2 intermediate alloy, and after all the intermediate alloys are added, keeping the temperature at 760 ℃ for 20 minutes;
(5) after all the intermediate alloy is melted, reducing the temperature of the melt to 700 ℃, adding an industrial pure magnesium ingot, after the magnesium ingot is completely melted, adding 1.5% of a refining agent at 720 ℃ for refining, wherein the refining temperature is 730 ℃, the stirring time of the refining treatment is 10min, and the refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: refining 70% of calcium carbonate, 10% of sodium chloride and 20% of potassium chloride, standing for 15 minutes, and skimming surface scum to obtain an aluminum alloy melt;
(6) and cooling the aluminum alloy melt to 700 ℃, skimming the surface scum, pressing the aluminum alloy melt into a die-casting die preheated to 270 ℃ at the speed of 8.0m/s, and cooling to obtain the high-elongation heat-resistant die-casting aluminum alloy.
Respectively carrying out a-room temperature tensile test on the prepared die-casting aluminum alloy; b, performing high-temperature tensile property test at 200 ℃ after 200-hour heat exposure treatment at 200 ℃, wherein the as-cast room-temperature yield strength of the high-elongation heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy in the example is 164MPa, and the elongation is 12%; the tensile strength at high temperature of 200 ℃ is 180MPa, and the elongation is 19%.
Example 3
The high-elongation heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: according to the theoretical mixture ratio, 12.0 percent of Si, 0.4 percent of Cu, 0.05 percent of Mg, 0.1 percent of Sc, 0.1 percent of Zr,0.1 percent of Ti, 0.2 percent of V, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities of Fe.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) removing oxide layers of an industrial pure aluminum ingot, an industrial pure magnesium ingot and Al-Si intermediate alloy AlSi23, and drying and preheating to 200 ℃; calculating the consumption of the required raw materials according to the components and the stoichiometric ratio of the alloy;
(2) melting an industrial pure aluminum ingot accounting for 25% of the height of the crucible into a molten pool at 710 ℃, and adding the rest aluminum ingot;
(3) after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, heating to 720 ℃, adding the Al-Si intermediate alloy for 2 times, and keeping the temperature constant at 710 ℃;
(4) after the Al-Si intermediate alloy is completely melted, heating to 770 ℃, sequentially adding AlCu50, AlTi5 intermediate alloy, AlZr4 intermediate alloy, AlV5 intermediate alloy and AlSc2 intermediate alloy, and after all the intermediate alloy is added, keeping the temperature at 770 ℃ for 20 minutes;
(5) after all the intermediate alloy is melted, reducing the temperature of the melt to 695 ℃, adding an industrial pure magnesium ingot, after the magnesium ingot is completely melted, adding 0.6% of refining agent at 715 ℃ for refining, wherein the refining temperature is 725 ℃, the stirring time of the refining treatment is 15min, and the refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: refining 60% calcium carbonate, 30% sodium chloride and 10% potassium chloride, standing for 10 minutes, and skimming surface scum to obtain an aluminum alloy melt;
(6) and (3) cooling the aluminum alloy melt to 680 ℃, skimming the surface scum, pressing the aluminum alloy melt into a die-casting die preheated to 250 ℃ at the speed of 4.0m/s, and cooling to obtain the high-elongation heat-resistant die-casting aluminum alloy, wherein the as-cast metallographic structure diagram of the die-casting aluminum alloy is shown in figure 1.
Respectively carrying out a-room temperature tensile test on the prepared die-casting aluminum alloy; b, performing high-temperature tensile property test at 200 ℃ after 200-hour heat exposure treatment at 200 ℃, wherein the as-cast room-temperature yield strength of the high-elongation heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy in the example is 169MPa, and the elongation is 10%; the tensile strength at high temperature of 200 ℃ is 190MPa, and the elongation is 14%.
Example 4
The high-elongation heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: according to the theoretical mixture ratio, 11.0 percent of Si, 0.2 percent of Cu, 0.04 percent of Mg, 0.05 percent of Sc, 0.3 percent of Ti, 0.2 percent of V, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities of Fe.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) removing oxide layers of an industrial pure aluminum ingot, an industrial pure magnesium ingot and Al-Si intermediate alloy AlSi23, and drying and preheating to 200 ℃; calculating the consumption of the required raw materials according to the components and the stoichiometric ratio of the alloy;
(2) melting an industrial pure aluminum ingot accounting for 25% of the height of the crucible into a molten pool at 720 ℃, and adding the rest aluminum ingot;
(3) after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, heating to 720 ℃, adding Al-Si intermediate alloy for 4 times, and keeping the temperature constant at 720 ℃;
(4) after the Al-Si intermediate alloy is completely melted, heating to 780 ℃, sequentially adding AlCu50, AlTi5B1, AlTi10 intermediate alloy, AlV5 intermediate alloy and AlSc2 intermediate alloy, and preserving the heat at 780 ℃ for 15 minutes after all the intermediate alloy is added;
(5) after all the intermediate alloy is melted, reducing the temperature of the melt to 705 ℃, adding an industrial pure magnesium ingot, after the magnesium ingot is completely melted, adding 1.0 percent of refining agent at 725 ℃ for refining, wherein the refining temperature is 730 ℃, the stirring time of the refining treatment is 15min, and the refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 50% of calcium carbonate, 20% of sodium chloride and 30% of potassium chloride, refining, standing for 20 minutes, and skimming surface scum to obtain an aluminum alloy melt;
(6) and cooling the aluminum alloy melt to 650 ℃, skimming the surface scum, pressing the aluminum alloy melt into a die-casting die preheated to 240 ℃ at the speed of 1.0m/s, and cooling to obtain the high-elongation heat-resistant die-casting aluminum alloy.
Respectively carrying out a-room temperature tensile test on the prepared die-casting aluminum alloy; b, performing high-temperature tensile property test at 200 ℃ after 200-hour heat exposure treatment at 200 ℃, wherein the as-cast room-temperature yield strength of the high-elongation heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy in the example is 160MPa, and the elongation is 12%; the tensile strength at high temperature of 200 ℃ is 180MPa, and the elongation is 19%.
Comparative example 1
The present comparative example provides a high elongation heat resistant cast aluminum alloy having the theoretical proportions of, by weight, 8.0% Si, 0.05% Cu, 0.05% Mg, 0.05% Sc, 0.3% Zr, and the balance Al and the inevitable impurity Fe.
The alloy was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Respectively carrying out a-room temperature tensile test on the prepared die-casting aluminum alloy; b, performing high-temperature tensile property test at 200 ℃ after 200-hour thermal exposure treatment at 200 ℃, wherein the as-cast room-temperature yield strength of the high-elongation heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy in the comparative example is 142 MPa, and the elongation is 14%; the tensile strength at high temperature of 200 ℃ is 150MPa, and the elongation is 22%.
Comparative example 2
The present comparative example provides a high elongation heat resistant cast aluminum alloy having the theoretical proportions of, by weight, 9.0% Si, 0.5% Cu, 0.05% Mg, 0.05% Sc, 0.3% Zr, and the balance Al and the inevitable impurity Fe.
The alloy was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Respectively carrying out a-room temperature tensile test on the prepared die-casting aluminum alloy; b, performing high-temperature tensile property test at 200 ℃ after 200-hour heat exposure treatment at 200 ℃, wherein the as-cast room-temperature yield strength of the high-elongation heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy in the comparative example is 154 MPa, and the elongation is 4.5%; the tensile strength at high temperature of 200 ℃ is 155 MPa, and the elongation is 13%.
Comparative example 3
The present comparative example provides a high elongation heat resistant cast aluminum alloy having the theoretical proportions of 9.0% Si, 0.05% Cu, 0.1% Mg, 0.05% Sc, 0.3% Zr, and the balance Al and the inevitable impurity Fe, in weight percent.
The alloy was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Respectively carrying out a-room temperature tensile test on the prepared die-casting aluminum alloy; b, performing high-temperature tensile property test at 200 ℃ after 200-hour heat exposure treatment at 200 ℃, wherein the as-cast room-temperature yield strength of the high-elongation heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy in the comparative example is 152 MPa, and the elongation is 8.0%; the tensile strength at high temperature of 200 ℃ is 154 MPa, and the elongation is 14%.
Comparative example 4
The present comparative example provides a high elongation heat resistant cast aluminum alloy having the theoretical proportions of 9.0% Si, 0.05% Cu, 0.05% Mg, 0.15% Sc, 0.3% Zr, and the balance Al and the inevitable impurity Fe, in weight percent.
The alloy was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Respectively carrying out a-room temperature tensile test on the prepared die-casting aluminum alloy; b, performing high-temperature tensile property test at 200 ℃ after 200-hour thermal exposure treatment at 200 ℃, wherein the as-cast room-temperature yield strength of the high-elongation heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy in the comparative example is 160MPa, and the elongation is 7.5%; the tensile strength at high temperature of 200 ℃ is 160MPa, and the elongation is 12.3%.
Comparative example 5
The present comparative example provides a high elongation heat resistant cast aluminum alloy having the theoretical proportions of, by weight, 13% Si, 0.05% Cu, 0.05% Mg, 0.05% Sc, 0.3% Zr, and the balance Al and the inevitable impurity Fe.
The alloy was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Respectively carrying out a-room temperature tensile test on the prepared die-casting aluminum alloy; b, performing high-temperature tensile property test at 200 ℃ after 200-hour heat exposure treatment at 200 ℃, wherein the as-cast room-temperature yield strength of the high-elongation heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy in the comparative example is 170MPa, and the elongation is 2.5%; the tensile strength at high temperature of 200 ℃ is 155 MPa, and the elongation is 8.2%.
Comparative example 6
The present comparative example provides a high elongation heat resistant cast aluminum alloy having the theoretical proportions of, by weight, 9% Si, 0.05% Cu, 0.05% Mg, 0.05% Sc, 0.3% Cr, and the balance Al and the inevitable impurity Fe.
The alloy was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Respectively carrying out a-room temperature tensile test on the prepared die-casting aluminum alloy; b, performing high-temperature tensile property test at 200 ℃ after 200-hour thermal exposure treatment at 200 ℃, wherein the as-cast room-temperature yield strength of the high-elongation heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy in the comparative example is 130 MPa, and the elongation is 3.5%; the tensile strength at high temperature of 200 ℃ is 145 MPa, and the elongation is 6.8%.
The invention has many applications, and the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the invention. It should be noted that the above examples are only for illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these modifications are to be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A high-elongation heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following elements in percentage by weight: 9.0-12.0% of Si, 0.05-0.4% of Cu, 0.02-0.05% of Mg, 0.05-0.1% of Sc, 0.3-0.5% of M, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities; and M is at least one element of Ti, Zr and V.
2. The high elongation, heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the inevitable impurities include Fe, and the Fe content by weight is not more than 0.2%; the weight percentage of the Al is not less than 87%.
3. The high elongation, heat resistant cast aluminum alloy of claim 1 wherein said M elements include the following amounts by weight of the elements in the total alloy: 0-0.3% of Ti, 0-0.3% of Zr and 0.3% of V0, wherein the contents of the three elements are not 0 at the same time.
4. A pressure casting method for producing a high-elongation heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
(1) calculating the consumption of the required raw materials according to the alloy components and the stoichiometric ratio; removing oxide layers of an industrial pure aluminum ingot, an industrial pure magnesium ingot and an Al-Si intermediate alloy, and drying and preheating;
(2) after all the industrial pure aluminum ingots are melted, heating, adding Al-Si intermediate alloy, and preserving heat;
(3) after the Al-Si intermediate alloy is completely melted, heating to 760-780 ℃, sequentially adding Al-Cu, Al-M intermediate alloy and Al-Sc intermediate alloy, and after all the intermediate alloy is added, keeping the temperature at 760-780 ℃ for 15-20 minutes;
(4) after all the intermediate alloy is melted, reducing the temperature of the melt to 695-705 ℃, adding an industrial pure magnesium ingot, after the industrial pure magnesium ingot is completely melted, adding a refining agent at 715-725 ℃ for refining, standing for 10-20 minutes after refining, and skimming the surface scum to obtain an aluminum alloy melt;
(5) and cooling the aluminum alloy melt to 650-700 ℃, skimming the surface scum, pressing the aluminum alloy melt into a die-casting die preheated to 220-270 ℃ at a speed of 0.5-8 m/s, and cooling to obtain the high-elongation heat-resistant die-casting aluminum alloy.
5. The squeeze casting method for producing a high elongation heat resistant cast aluminum alloy according to claim 4, wherein the Al-Si master alloy is AlSi23 or AlSi 28; the Al-Cu intermediate alloy is AlCu 50; the Al-M intermediate alloy comprises an Al-Ti intermediate alloy, an Al-Zr intermediate alloy and an Al-V intermediate alloy; the Al-Ti intermediate alloy is AlTi5, AlTi10 or AlTi5B1, the Al-Zr intermediate alloy is AlZr4, and the Al-V intermediate alloy is AlV 5; the Al-Sc master alloy is AlSc2 master alloy.
6. The squeeze casting method for producing a high elongation heat resistant cast aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step (4), the addition amount of the refining agent is 0.5 to 1.5% by weight based on the total weight of the raw materials.
7. The squeeze casting method for producing a high elongation heat resistant cast aluminum alloy according to claim 4 or 6, wherein in the step (4), the refining agent is composed of the following components in percentage by weight: 50-70% of calcium carbonate, 10-30% of sodium chloride and 10-30% of potassium chloride.
8. The pressure casting method of producing a high elongation heat resistant cast aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step (4), the temperature of refining is 720 to 730 ℃, and the stirring time of the refining treatment is 5 to 10 min.
9. The squeeze casting method for producing a high elongation heat resistant cast aluminum alloy according to claim 4, wherein in the step (2), after the temperature is raised to 720 ℃, an Al-Si intermediate alloy is added; adding the Al-Si intermediate alloy for 2-4 times; the heat preservation temperature is 710-720 ℃.
10. The squeeze casting preparation method of a high elongation heat resistant cast aluminum alloy according to claim 4, wherein in the step (2), the melting step of the industrial pure aluminum ingot is: melting part of industrial pure aluminum ingots accounting for 20-25% of the height of the crucible into a molten pool at 710-720 ℃, and then adding the rest of industrial pure aluminum ingots for melting.
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| CN115717206B (en) * | 2022-10-28 | 2024-02-13 | 北京科技大学 | High-strength high-corrosion-resistance Al-Mg-Si alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN116676515B (en) * | 2023-06-02 | 2024-01-30 | 佛山市营鑫新材料有限公司 | Al-Mn-Zn-Ce die-casting anode alloy and preparation method and application thereof |
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