CN104630578B - High plasticity alloy cast aluminum and its gravitational casting preparation method - Google Patents
High plasticity alloy cast aluminum and its gravitational casting preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104630578B CN104630578B CN201510039614.5A CN201510039614A CN104630578B CN 104630578 B CN104630578 B CN 104630578B CN 201510039614 A CN201510039614 A CN 201510039614A CN 104630578 B CN104630578 B CN 104630578B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of high plasticity alloy cast aluminum and its gravitational casting preparation method, belong to class of metal materials and field of metallurgy；The high plasticity alloy cast aluminum includes component and its weight content is：Si 7.5~13.5%, Mg 0.5~0.8%, Mn 0.2~0.5%, Ti 0.1~0.4%, RE 0.01~1%, Fe≤0.4%, P≤100ppm, 100~600ppm of Sr, surplus Al；Wherein, the RE is the one or more in Gd, Y, Nd, Sm, Er, Yb, La.The high plasticity alloy cast aluminum of the present invention is after gravitational casting preparation and implementing it solid solution and artificial aging processing, elongation percentage δ >=18% of alloy.Alloy casting character prepared by the present invention is excellent, and of low cost, technique is simple, and production efficiency is high, progressive notable, expands the application range of Al Si systems cast aluminium alloy gold.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cast aluminium alloy gold and preparation method thereof, be specifically a kind of high plasticity alloy cast aluminum and
Its gravitational casting preparation method, belongs to class of metal materials and field of metallurgy.
Background technology
Cast aluminium alloy gold, because of the features such as its density is small, specific strength is high, is widely used in navigating as traditional metal material
The industries such as sky, space flight, automobile, machinery.With the development of modern industry and casting technology, to cast aluminium alloy gold, such as there is height
Intensity, high-ductility, the cast aluminium alloy gold of excellent wearability and corrosion resistance, demand are increasing.By the hair of decades
Exhibition, high-strength aluminum alloy have formed complete series, and performance tends towards stability, and production method is gradually improved, and becomes in Material Field not
The alloy system that can or lack.But the plasticity of current high strength cast aluminum alloys is relatively low, cannot generally bear larger deflection, from
And its application is set to be subject to larger limitation.Many important components for needing high-ductility are manufactured using wrought aluminium alloy more.But become
Although shape aluminium alloy has preferable high-ductility, its process requires height to equipment and moulds of industrial equipment, and process is more, therefore raw
Cycle length is produced, cost is very high.In contrast, cast aluminium alloy gold has cheap, and cast structure isotropism, easily produces shape
The part of shape complexity, many advantages, such as be able to can also both being produced in enormous quantities with single-piece production.Therefore, exploitation can replace part to become
Shape aluminium alloy and the cast aluminium alloy gold with high-ductility, its cast shaping process of specification shorten the production cycle, and reduction is manufactured into
This, becomes the current development trend in the field.
Chinese patent CN85102364AA discloses a kind of Si-Mn-Te series aluminum casting alloy, its component content is
5.5~9.5%Si, 0.2~0.8%Mn, 0.1~0.2%Ti, 0.001~0.2%Te, 0.1~0.2%Sb, surplus Al,
Elongation percentage is 16% or so.But the alloy, while plasticity is improved, alloy strength acutely declines, its performance can not expire
The current industrial needs of foot.In Chinese patent CN101248200A, a kind of cast aluminium alloy gold is disclosed, its component content
For 2.5~3.3%Si, 0.2~0.7%Mg, Fe ＜ 0.18%, Mn ＜ 0.5, Ti ＜ 0.1, Sr ＜ 0.03, other ＜ 0.1 are remaining
Measure as Al.After elongation percentage is 13%, T6 heat treatment during the alloy as-cast condition, elongation percentage is only 5%, does not reach high-ductility much
The application demand of Casting Aluminum Alloy Based.Further, since Si amounts are relatively low in alloy, the eutectic scale of construction is less in tissue so that alloy
Forming temperature is higher, air-breathing tendency is larger, there is the casting flaws such as the stomata being difficult to avoid that, shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosite, it is difficult to obtains high
Sound casting, thus mouldability (casting character) is poor.In Chinese patent CN103305730A, a kind of new A l- is disclosed
Si-Mg-Cu-Sr casting alloys, its component content are 11.0~12.0%Si, 0.30~0.50%Cu, 0.35~0.55%Mg,
0.01~0.02%Sr, Mn≤0.35%, Zn≤0.20%, Fe≤0.40%, Ti≤0.10%, Ni≤0.10%, Pb≤
0.10%, Sn≤0.10%, Cr≤0.10%, other≤0.6%, surplus Al.The as cast condition tensile strength of the alloy 245~
Between 275MPa, elongation percentage is between 5~8%.But the Cu elements added in the Al-Si systems alloy can increase the heat of alloy
Split and corrosion tendency, reduce casting character, therefore limit the application range of the alloy in the industry.
The content of the invention
The present invention is universal relatively low for cast aluminium alloy gold plasticity existing in the prior art and does not account for aluminium alloy
A kind of deficiency of casting character, on the basis of alloy strength and casting character is not reduced, there is provided high plasticity alloy cast aluminum
And its gravitational casting preparation method, by selecting suitable composition parameter and the corresponding heat treatment process of adjustment, so as to prepare
Go out the cast aluminium alloy gold with excellent elongation percentage.
The purpose of the present invention is what is be achieved through the following technical solutions：
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a kind of high plasticity alloy cast aluminum, including component and its weight content are：Si 7.5
~13.5%, Mg 0.5~0.8%, Mn 0.2~0.5%, Ti 0.1~0.4%, RE 0.01~1%, Fe≤0.4%, P≤
100~600ppm of 100ppm, Sr, surplus Al.
Preferably, the RE is the one or more in Gd, Y, Nd, Sm, Er, Yb, La.
Preferably, when the RE is the one or more in Gd, Er or Yb, the weight content of RE is 0.05~1.0%；Institute
It is the one or more in Y, Nd, Sm or La to state RE, and the weight content of RE is 0.05~0.6%.
Preferably, the weight content of the P is 0.05~0.600ppm.
Preferably, Si, Mg, Mn, Ti, RE, Fe, P, Sr, Al in the high plasticity alloy cast aluminum from commercial-purity aluminium,
Silicon metal, pure magnesium, Al-Mn intermediate alloys, rare earth intermediate alloy, Al-Sr intermediate alloys, Al-P intermediate alloys and Al-Ti-
B intermediate alloys.
Second aspect, the present invention provide a kind of gravitational casting preparation method of the high plasticity alloy cast aluminum, the system
Preparation Method comprises the following steps：
The first step, molten alloy, obtains aluminium alloy melt；
Second step, carries out gravitational casting to the aluminium alloy melt, obtains aluminium alloy castings：
3rd step, solution treatment and ageing treatment are carried out by the aluminium alloy castings successively, up to the high plasticity casting
Aluminium alloy.
Preferably, in the first step, the molten alloy comprises the following steps that：
(1) will be closed among commercial-purity aluminium, silicon metal, pure magnesium, Al-Mn intermediate alloys, rare earth intermediate alloy, Al-Sr
Gold, Al-P intermediate alloys and Al-Ti-B intermediate alloys are preheated to 100~200 DEG C, when insulation 2 is small more than；
(2) melting Al, Si：Melting utensil is preheated to 400~500 DEG C, silicon metal is added in its bottom, on silicon metal
40%~80% commercial-purity aluminium of commercial-purity aluminium gross weight needed for covering, is warming up to the fusing point of commercial-purity aluminium, obtains molten aluminum；Crystallization
Silicon melts under the parcel of the molten aluminum, is stirred repeatedly after fusing, adds remaining commercial-purity aluminium；
(3) Mn, RE are added：Under the conditions of 720~740 DEG C, Al-Mn intermediate alloys, dilute are added into liquation obtained by step (2)
Native intermediate alloy；
(4) Sr, P are added：Under the conditions of 730~750 DEG C, added into liquation obtained by step (3) Al-Sr intermediate alloys and
Al-P intermediate alloys, stir 3~5 minutes after standing 15~30 minutes, it is fully melted；
(5) Ti is added：Under the conditions of 710~730 DEG C, Al-Ti-B intermediate alloys are added into liquation obtained by step (4), are stirred
Mix, stand 3~5 minutes；
(6) Mg is added：Under the conditions of 700~720 DEG C, pure magnesium is added into liquation obtained by step (5), fully fusing；
(7) refine：Under the conditions of 710~740 DEG C, refining agent is added into liquation obtained by step (6), refines 10~20 points
Clock, stands 15~40 minutes, is cooled to 680~700 DEG C, skims surface scum, up to aluminium alloy melt.
Preferably, in step (1), the preheating specifically uses baking oven.
Preferably, in step (2), the melting utensil is specially crucible；The fusing point of commercial-purity aluminium is at 680 DEG C or so；Institute
State stirring and specifically use graphite rod.
Preferably, in step (7), the refining agent is the conventional aluminium alloy essence containing inorganic salts such as sodium salt, sylvite, villiaumites
Agent or carbon trichloride (C2Cl6) are refined, its dosage is less than or equal to the 5% of the high plasticity alloy cast aluminum weight.
Preferably, in second step, aluminium alloy melt pouring temperature is 680~700 DEG C in the gravitational casting, casting die
Temperature is 200~300 DEG C.
Preferably, in the 3rd step, the solution treatment refers to when solid solution 4~18 is small in the environment of 480~540 DEG C.
Preferably, in the 3rd step, the cooling treatment refers to carry out according to conventional furnace cooling, air-cooled or water quenching method cold
But；
Preferably, in the 3rd step, the ageing treatment refers to when progress 10~40 is small in the environment of 170~250 DEG C.
Our research finds that, when rare earth adding quantity is different, rare earth mainly exists in aluminium alloy in the form of three kinds：Gu
It is molten in the base, segregation is solid-solubilized in compound or existed with compound form in phase boundary, crystal boundary and dendrite circle.In the alloy
After adding rare earth element, on the one hand rare earth plays limited solid solution reinforcing, improves the effect of intensity, another aspect Rare-Earth Element Chemistry
Activity it is extremely strong, can the selective absorption on the crystal grain boundary grown up, hinder the growth of crystal grain, crystal grain thinning, improves alloy
Mechanical property, especially plasticity.When the further content of increase rare earth, between the metal that the element such as rare earth and Al, Mg, Si is formed
Compound disperses are distributed in matrix, and crack initiation position changes with extension approach during making alloy fracture, are improved and are closed
The plasticity of gold.The addition of rare earth element can also improve the casting character of cast aluminium alloy gold, this is because Fe is that have in aluminium alloy
Harmful impurity, the crystalline structure of most of Copper components is all very thick, directly affects the mechanical performance of alloy, drops low-alloyed stream
Dynamic property and plasticity, increase structural heterogenity, add rare earth, then can change the existing forms of iron phase, improve the casting of alloy
Performance and its plasticity.In addition, the rotten plasticity that can effectively improve alloy of the P and Sr to primary crystal Si and eutectic Si.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect：
(1) rare earth element is added in cast aluminium alloy gold of the present invention, passes through optimizing components and the tune of series of process parameter
Whole, acquisition crystal grain is tiny, fine and close, component is uniform, Dispersed precipitate is in the rich RE intermetallic compounds of matrix and flawless group less
Knit, its plasticity can be significantly improved on the basis of alloy strength is not reduced, can preferably meet industrial service demand；
(2) by being dissolved and after ageing treatment, testing its room temperature tensile intensity σ >=260MPa, elongation percentage δ >=18%, dashes forward
Other bottlenecks that Al-Si systems cast aluminium alloy gold intensity is higher but plasticity is relatively low are broken, its higher intensity and elongation percentage can meet
Demand of the industry to such material；
(3) the alloy casting character that prepared by the present invention is excellent, and of low cost, technique is simple, and production efficiency is high, progressive aobvious
Write, expand the application range of Al-Si systems cast aluminium alloy gold.
Embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.Following embodiments will be helpful to the technology of this area
Personnel further understand the present invention, but the invention is not limited in any way.It should be pointed out that the ordinary skill to this area
For personnel, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made.These belong to the present invention
Protection domain.Involved various intermediate alloys and refining agent are commercial product in the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is related to a kind of high plasticity alloy cast aluminum and its gravitational casting preparation method.
In a first aspect, the present embodiment provides a kind of high plasticity alloy cast aluminum, the alloying component (weight content)：
7.5%Si, 0.5%Mg, 0.2%Mn, 0.1%Ti, 0.01%Y, 20ppm P, 100ppm Sr, Fe and other are inevitable
Impurity be less than 0.4%, remaining is Al.
Second aspect, the present embodiment provides a kind of gravitational casting preparation method of the high plasticity alloy cast aluminum, including
Following steps：
The first step, molten alloy；Wherein smelting technology concretely comprises the following steps：(1) melting raw material is preheated to 100 in an oven
DEG C, when insulation 2 is small more than, the derusting painting of the surface cleans such as Slag Tool, bell jar is coated, the coating using 25% talcum powder and
5% waterglass, which adds suitable water and reconciles, to be formed, then is placed in the baking of stove surface, and baking temperature is 100 DEG C, when baking 1 is small after it is clear
Reason, to prevent increasing iron of the alloy in fusion process；(2) preheated crucible adds silicon metal in crucible bottom, is tying to 400 DEG C
The 2/3 of required fine aluminium amount, heats up together after covering is dried above crystal silicon, and fine aluminium is i.e. molten at 680 DEG C or so, parcel of the silicon in molten aluminum
Under slowly melt, stirred repeatedly with graphite rod after fusing, add remaining fine aluminium；(3) 730 DEG C are cooled to add among Al-Mn
Alloy, Al-5%Y intermediate alloys, stirring are completely melt it；(4) 740 DEG C are warming up to add in Al-Sr intermediate alloys and Al-P
Between alloy, stand 15 minutes；(5) 710 DEG C of addition Al-Ti-B intermediate alloys are cooled to, stirring, stands 3~5 minutes；(6) exist
The pure magnesium for being wrapped up aluminium foil with bell jar at 700 DEG C is pressed into aluminum alloy melt, and stirring makes it fully melt；(7) when being warming up to 720 DEG C
Refined, refining agent selects the three-in-one refining agent of aluminium alloy, and the addition of refining agent is the 1% of aluminium alloy gross weight, during refining
The refining agent for being wrapped up aluminium foil with bell jar is pressed into horizontal turning movement in molten aluminum, and about 10min surveys the content of hydrogen after refining, and
Carry out stokehold inspection；
Second step, 20min is stood under 680 DEG C of pouring temperature, skims surface scum, obtains aluminium alloy melt, cast
Prepare；It is 680 DEG C to keep aluminium alloy melt temperature, and mold temperature is 200 DEG C；
3rd step, by obtained cast aluminium alloy gold carry out 530 DEG C, 10 it is small when solution treatment and 200 DEG C, 12 it is small when
Ageing treatment, finally obtains high plasticity alloy cast aluminum.
The high-plasticity aluminum alloy room temperature tensile intensity cast in the present embodiment is 263Mpa, elongation percentage 18.5%.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is related to a kind of high plasticity alloy cast aluminum and its gravitational casting preparation method.
In a first aspect, the present embodiment provides a kind of high plasticity alloy cast aluminum, the alloying component (weight content)：
8.5%Si, 0.6%Mg, 0.3%Mn, 0.2%Ti, 1.0%Gd, 40ppm P, 200ppm Sr, Fe and other are inevitable
Impurity be less than 0.4%, remaining is Al.
Second aspect, the present embodiment provides a kind of gravitational casting preparation method of the high plasticity alloy cast aluminum, including
Following steps：
The first step, molten alloy；Wherein smelting technology concretely comprises the following steps：(1) melting raw material is preheated to 200 in an oven
DEG C, when insulation 2 is small more than, the derusting painting of the surface cleans such as Slag Tool, bell jar is coated, the coating using 25% talcum powder and
5% waterglass, which adds suitable water and reconciles, to be formed, then is placed in the baking of stove surface, and baking temperature is 200 DEG C, when baking 1 is small after it is clear
Reason, to prevent increasing iron of the alloy in fusion process；(2) preheated crucible adds silicon metal in crucible bottom, is tying to 450 DEG C
The 2/3 of required fine aluminium amount, heats up together after covering is dried above crystal silicon, and fine aluminium is i.e. molten at 680 DEG C or so, parcel of the silicon in molten aluminum
Under slowly melt, stirred repeatedly with graphite rod after fusing, add remaining fine aluminium；(3) 720 DEG C are cooled to add among Al-Mn
Alloy, Mg-90Gd intermediate alloys, stirring are completely melt it；(4) 730 DEG C are warming up to add in Al-Sr intermediate alloys and Al-P
Between alloy, stand 15 minutes；(5) 720 DEG C of addition Al-Ti-B intermediate alloys are cooled to, stirring, stands 3~5 minutes；(6) exist
The pure magnesium for being wrapped up aluminium foil with bell jar at 710 DEG C is pressed into aluminum alloy melt, and stirring makes it fully melt；(7) when being warming up to 730 DEG C
Refined, refining agent selects carbon trichloride, and the addition of refining agent is the 1% of aluminium alloy gross weight, with bell jar by aluminium during refining
Horizontal turning movement in the refining agent press-in molten aluminum of paper tinsel parcel, about 10min surveys the content of hydrogen after refining, and carries out stokehold inspection
Look into；
Second step, 30min is stood under 690 DEG C of pouring temperature, skims surface scum, obtains aluminium alloy melt, cast
Prepare；It is 690 DEG C to keep aluminium alloy melt temperature, and mold temperature is 225 DEG C；
3rd step, by obtained cast aluminium alloy gold carry out 520 DEG C, 9 it is small when solution treatment and 250 DEG C, 12 it is small when
Ageing treatment, finally obtains high plasticity alloy cast aluminum.
The high-plasticity aluminum alloy room temperature tensile intensity cast in the present embodiment is 267Mpa, elongation percentage 18.4%.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment is related to a kind of high plasticity alloy cast aluminum and its gravitational casting preparation method.
In a first aspect, the present embodiment provides a kind of high plasticity alloy cast aluminum, the alloying component (weight content)：
9.5%Si, 0.7%Mg, 0.4%Mn, 0.3%Ti, 0.1%Gd, 0.1%Y, 0.02%Nd, 60ppm P, 300ppm Sr, Fe
And other inevitable impurity are less than 0.4%, remaining is Al.
Second aspect, the present embodiment provides a kind of gravitational casting preparation method of the high plasticity alloy cast aluminum, including
Following steps：
The first step, molten alloy；Wherein smelting technology concretely comprises the following steps：(1) melting raw material is preheated to 200 in an oven
DEG C, when insulation 2 is small more than, the derusting painting of the surface cleans such as Slag Tool, bell jar is coated, the coating using 25% talcum powder and
5% waterglass, which adds suitable water and reconciles, to be formed, then is placed in the baking of stove surface, and baking temperature is 200 DEG C, when baking 1 is small after it is clear
Reason, to prevent increasing iron of the alloy in fusion process；(2) preheated crucible adds silicon metal in crucible bottom, is tying to 500 DEG C
The 2/3 of required fine aluminium amount, heats up together after covering is dried above crystal silicon, and fine aluminium is i.e. molten at 680 DEG C or so, parcel of the silicon in molten aluminum
Under slowly melt, stirred repeatedly with graphite rod after fusing, add remaining fine aluminium；(3) 730 DEG C are cooled to add among Al-Mn
Alloy, Mg-90Gd intermediate alloys, Mg-25Y intermediate alloys, Mg-90Nd intermediate alloys, stirring are completely melt it；(4) heat up
Al-Sr intermediate alloys and Al-P intermediate alloys are added to 740 DEG C, stands 15 minutes；(5) 730 DEG C are cooled to add in Al-Ti-B
Between alloy, stirring, stand 3~5 minutes；(6) the pure magnesium for being wrapped up aluminium foil with bell jar at 720 DEG C is pressed into aluminum alloy melt, is stirred
Mixing makes it fully melt；(7) refined when being warming up to 740 DEG C with aluminum refining agent, the addition of refining agent is aluminium alloy
The 2% of gross weight, horizontal turning movement in the refining agent press-in molten aluminum wrapped up aluminium foil with bell jar during refining, about 10min have been refined
The content of hydrogen is surveyed after finishing, and carries out stokehold inspection；
Second step, 30min is stood under 700 DEG C of pouring temperature, skims surface scum, obtains aluminium alloy melt, cast
Prepare；It is 700 DEG C to keep aluminium alloy melt temperature, and mold temperature is 250 DEG C；
3rd step, by obtained cast aluminium alloy gold carry out 500 DEG C, 8 it is small when solution treatment and 170 DEG C, 24 it is small when
Ageing treatment, finally obtains high plasticity alloy cast aluminum.
The high-plasticity aluminum alloy room temperature tensile intensity cast in the present embodiment is 263Mpa, elongation percentage 18.0%.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment is related to a kind of high plasticity alloy cast aluminum and its gravitational casting preparation method.
In a first aspect, the present embodiment provides a kind of high plasticity alloy cast aluminum, the alloying component (weight content)：
10.5%Si, 0.8%Mg, 0.5%Mn, 0.4%Ti, 0.2%Gd, 0.3%Y, 0.15%Nd, 0.02%Sm, 80ppm P,
400ppm Sr, Fe and other inevitable impurity are less than 0.4%, remaining is Al.
Second aspect, the present embodiment provides a kind of gravitational casting preparation method of the high plasticity alloy cast aluminum, including
Following steps：
The first step, molten alloy；Wherein smelting technology concretely comprises the following steps：(1) melting raw material is preheated to 200 in an oven
DEG C, when insulation 2 is small more than, the derusting painting of the surface cleans such as Slag Tool, bell jar is coated, the coating using 25% talcum powder and
5% waterglass, which adds suitable water and reconciles, to be formed, then is placed in the baking of stove surface, and baking temperature is 220 DEG C, when baking 1 is small after it is clear
Reason, to prevent increasing iron of the alloy in fusion process；(2) preheated crucible adds silicon metal in crucible bottom, is tying to 400 DEG C
The 2/3 of required fine aluminium amount, heats up together after covering is dried above crystal silicon, and fine aluminium is i.e. molten at 680 DEG C or so, parcel of the silicon in molten aluminum
Under slowly melt, stirred repeatedly with graphite rod after fusing, add remaining fine aluminium；(3) 720 DEG C are cooled to add among Al-Mn
Alloy, Mg-90Gd intermediate alloys, Al-5Y intermediate alloys, Mg-90Nd intermediate alloys, Mg-20Sm intermediate alloys, stirring make its complete
Running down；(4) 730 DEG C are warming up to and adds Al-Sr intermediate alloys and Al-P intermediate alloys, stands 15 minutes；(5) 710 are cooled to
DEG C add Al-Ti-B intermediate alloys, stirring, stand 3~5 minutes；(6) the pure magnesium pressure for being wrapped up aluminium foil with bell jar at 700 DEG C
Enter in aluminum alloy melt, stirring makes it fully melt；(7) refined when being warming up to 710 DEG C, refining agent selects carbon trichloride, essence
The addition for refining agent is the 5% of aluminium alloy gross weight, and level is circuitous in refining agent press-in molten aluminum wrap up aluminium foil with bell jar during refining
Dynamic, the content of survey hydrogen after about 10min is refined is backhauled, and carries out stokehold inspection；
Second step, 40min is stood under 680 DEG C of pouring temperature, skims surface scum, obtains aluminium alloy melt, cast
Prepare；It is 680 DEG C to keep aluminium alloy melt temperature, and mold temperature is 200 DEG C；
3rd step, by obtained cast aluminium alloy gold carry out 480 DEG C, 12 it is small when solution treatment and 200 DEG C, 12 it is small when
Ageing treatment, finally obtains high plasticity alloy cast aluminum.
The high-plasticity aluminum alloy room temperature tensile intensity cast in the present embodiment is 262Mpa, elongation percentage 18.7%.
Embodiment 5
The present embodiment is related to a kind of high plasticity alloy cast aluminum and its gravitational casting preparation method.
In a first aspect, the present embodiment provides a kind of high plasticity alloy cast aluminum, the alloying component (weight content)：
10.5%Si, 0.8%Mg, 0.5%Mn, 0.4%Ti, 0.1%Gd, 0.1%Y, 0.05%Nd, 0.2%Sm, 0.1%Er,
90ppm P, 500ppm Sr, Fe and other inevitable impurity are less than 0.4%, remaining is Al.
Second aspect, the present embodiment provides a kind of gravitational casting preparation method of the high plasticity alloy cast aluminum, including
Following steps：
The first step, molten alloy；Wherein smelting technology concretely comprises the following steps：(1) melting raw material is preheated to 200 in an oven
DEG C, when insulation 2 is small more than, the derusting painting of the surface cleans such as Slag Tool, bell jar is coated, the coating using 25% talcum powder and
5% waterglass, which adds suitable water and reconciles, to be formed, then is placed in the baking of stove surface, and baking temperature is 200 DEG C, when baking 1 is small after it is clear
Reason, to prevent increasing iron of the alloy in fusion process；(2) preheated crucible adds silicon metal in crucible bottom, is tying to 420 DEG C
The 2/3 of required fine aluminium amount, heats up together after covering is dried above crystal silicon, and fine aluminium is i.e. molten at 680 DEG C or so, parcel of the silicon in molten aluminum
Under slowly melt, stirred repeatedly with graphite rod after fusing, add remaining fine aluminium；(3) 720 DEG C are cooled to add among Al-Mn
In alloy, Mg-90Gd intermediate alloys, Al-5Y intermediate alloys, Mg-90Nd intermediate alloys, Mg-20Sm intermediate alloys, Al-20Er
Between alloy, stirring be completely melt it；(4) 730 DEG C are warming up to and adds Al-Sr intermediate alloys and Al-P intermediate alloys, stands 15
Minute；(5) 710 DEG C of addition Al-Ti-B intermediate alloys are cooled to, stirring, stands 3~5 minutes；(6) will with bell jar at 700 DEG C
In the pure magnesium press-in aluminum alloy melt of aluminium foil parcel, stirring makes it fully melt；(7) aluminum refining agent when being warming up to 710 DEG C
Refined, the addition of refining agent is the 2% of aluminium alloy gross weight, the refining agent press-in aluminium that aluminium foil wrap up by when refining with bell jar
Horizontal turning movement in liquid, about 10min surveys the content of hydrogen after refining, and carries out stokehold inspection；
Second step, 20min is stood under 690 DEG C of pouring temperature, skims surface scum, obtains aluminium alloy melt, cast
Prepare；It is 690 DEG C to keep aluminium alloy melt temperature, and mold temperature is 200 DEG C；
3rd step, by obtained cast aluminium alloy gold carry out 480 DEG C, 18 it is small when solution treatment and 170 DEG C, 40 it is small when
Ageing treatment, finally obtains high plasticity alloy cast aluminum.
The high-plasticity aluminum alloy room temperature tensile intensity cast in the present embodiment is 264Mpa, elongation percentage 18.4%.
Embodiment 6
The present embodiment is related to a kind of high plasticity alloy cast aluminum and its gravitational casting preparation method.
In a first aspect, the present embodiment provides a kind of high plasticity alloy cast aluminum, the alloying component (weight content)：
11.5%Si, 0.6%Mg, 0.3%Mn, 0.2%Ti, 0.05%Gd, 0.1%Y, 0.05%Nd, 0.02%Sm, 0.7%Er,
0.02%La, 100ppm P, 600ppm Sr, Fe and other inevitable impurity are less than 0.4%, remaining is Al.
Second aspect, the present embodiment provides a kind of gravitational casting preparation method of the high plasticity alloy cast aluminum, including
Following steps：
The first step, molten alloy；Wherein smelting technology concretely comprises the following steps：(1) melting raw material is preheated to 200 in an oven
DEG C, when insulation 2 is small more than, the derusting painting of the surface cleans such as Slag Tool, bell jar is coated, the coating using 25% talcum powder and
5% waterglass, which adds suitable water and reconciles, to be formed, then is placed in the baking of stove surface, and baking temperature is 240 DEG C, when baking 1 is small after it is clear
Reason, to prevent increasing iron of the alloy in fusion process；(2) preheated crucible adds silicon metal in crucible bottom, is tying to 430 DEG C
The 2/3 of required fine aluminium amount, heats up together after covering is dried above crystal silicon, and fine aluminium is i.e. molten at 680 DEG C or so, parcel of the silicon in molten aluminum
Under slowly melt, stirred repeatedly with graphite rod after fusing, add remaining fine aluminium；(3) 730 DEG C are cooled to add among Al-Mn
In alloy, Mg-90Gd intermediate alloys, Al-5Y intermediate alloys, Mg-90Nd intermediate alloys, Mg-20Sm intermediate alloys, Al-20Er
Between alloy, Al-20La intermediate alloys, stirring be completely melt it；(4) 740 DEG C are warming up to and adds Al-Sr intermediate alloys and Al-P
Intermediate alloy, stands 15 minutes；(5) 720 DEG C of addition Al-Ti-B intermediate alloys are cooled to, stirring, stands 3~5 minutes；(6) exist
The pure magnesium for being wrapped up aluminium foil with bell jar at 710 DEG C is pressed into aluminum alloy melt, and stirring makes it fully melt；(7) when being warming up to 720 DEG C
Refined, refining agent selects carbon trichloride, and the addition of refining agent is the 2% of aluminium alloy gross weight, with bell jar by aluminium during refining
Horizontal turning movement in the refining agent press-in molten aluminum of paper tinsel parcel, about 10min surveys the content of hydrogen after refining, and carries out stokehold inspection
Look into；
Second step, 30min is stood under 690 DEG C of pouring temperature, skims surface scum, obtains aluminium alloy melt, cast
Prepare；It is 690 DEG C to keep aluminium alloy melt temperature, and mold temperature is 200 DEG C；
3rd step, by obtained cast aluminium alloy gold carry out 540 DEG C, 4 it is small when solution treatment and 250 DEG C, 10 it is small when
Ageing treatment, finally obtains high plasticity alloy cast aluminum.
The high-plasticity aluminum alloy room temperature tensile intensity cast in the present embodiment is 263Mpa, elongation percentage 18.6%.
Embodiment 7
The present embodiment is related to a kind of high plasticity alloy cast aluminum and its gravitational casting preparation method.
In a first aspect, the present embodiment provides a kind of high plasticity alloy cast aluminum, the alloying component (weight content)：
13.5%Si, 0.6%Mg, 0.3%Mn, 0.2%Ti, 0.05%Gd, 0.05%Y, 0.02%Nd, 0.02%Sm, 0.1%Er,
0.6%La, 0.1%Yb, 10ppm P, 200ppm Sr, Fe and other inevitable impurity are less than 0.4%, remaining is Al.
Second aspect, the present embodiment provides a kind of gravitational casting preparation method of the high plasticity alloy cast aluminum, including
Following steps：
The first step, molten alloy；Wherein smelting technology concretely comprises the following steps：(1) melting raw material is preheated to 200 in an oven
DEG C, when insulation 2 is small more than, the derusting painting of the surface cleans such as Slag Tool, bell jar is coated, the coating using 25% talcum powder and
5% waterglass, which adds suitable water and reconciles, to be formed, then is placed in the baking of stove surface, and baking temperature is 200 DEG C, when baking 1 is small after it is clear
Reason, to prevent increasing iron of the alloy in fusion process；(2) preheated crucible adds silicon metal in crucible bottom, is tying to 440 DEG C
The 2/3 of required fine aluminium amount, heats up together after covering is dried above crystal silicon, and fine aluminium is i.e. molten at 680 DEG C or so, parcel of the silicon in molten aluminum
Under slowly melt, stirred repeatedly with graphite rod after fusing, add remaining fine aluminium；(3) 730 DEG C are cooled to add among Al-Mn
In alloy, Mg-90Gd intermediate alloys, Al-5Y intermediate alloys, Mg-90Nd intermediate alloys, Mg-20Sm intermediate alloys, Al-20Er
Between alloy, Al-20La intermediate alloys, Al-10Yb intermediate alloys, stirring be completely melt it；(4) 740 DEG C of addition Al- are warming up to
Sr intermediate alloys and Al-P intermediate alloys, stand 15 minutes；(5) 720 DEG C of addition Al-Ti-B intermediate alloys are cooled to, stirring is quiet
Put 3~5 minutes；(6) the pure magnesium for being wrapped up aluminium foil with bell jar at 710 DEG C is pressed into aluminum alloy melt, and stirring makes it fully melt；
(7) refined when being warming up to 720 DEG C with aluminum refining agent, the addition of refining agent is the 3% of aluminium alloy gross weight, during refining
The refining agent for being wrapped up aluminium foil with bell jar is pressed into horizontal turning movement in molten aluminum, and about 10min surveys the content of hydrogen after refining, and
Carry out stokehold inspection；
Second step, 30min is stood under 690 DEG C of pouring temperature, skims surface scum, obtains aluminium alloy melt, cast
Prepare；It is 690 DEG C to keep aluminium alloy melt temperature, and mold temperature is 200 DEG C；
3rd step, by obtained cast aluminium alloy gold carry out 520 DEG C, 10 it is small when solution treatment and 200 DEG C, 14 it is small when
Ageing treatment, finally obtains high plasticity alloy cast aluminum.
The high-plasticity aluminum alloy room temperature tensile intensity cast in the present embodiment is 270Mpa, elongation percentage 18.4%.
Embodiment 8
The present embodiment is related to a kind of high plasticity alloy cast aluminum and its gravitational casting preparation method.
In a first aspect, the present embodiment provides a kind of high plasticity alloy cast aluminum, the alloying component (weight content)：
13.5%Si, 0.6%Mg, 0.3%Mn, 0.2%Ti, 0.05%Gd, 0.05%Y, 0.02%Nd, 0.02%Sm, 0.1%Er,
0.02%La, 0.7%Yb, 10ppm P, 200ppm Sr, Fe and other inevitable impurity are less than 0.4%, remaining is
Al。
Second aspect, the present embodiment provides a kind of gravitational casting preparation method of the high plasticity alloy cast aluminum, including
Following steps：
The first step, molten alloy；Wherein smelting technology concretely comprises the following steps：(1) melting raw material is preheated to 200 in an oven
DEG C, when insulation 2 is small more than, the derusting painting of the surface cleans such as Slag Tool, bell jar is coated, the coating using 25% talcum powder and
5% waterglass, which adds suitable water and reconciles, to be formed, then is placed in the baking of stove surface, and baking temperature is 200 DEG C, when baking 1 is small after it is clear
Reason, to prevent increasing iron of the alloy in fusion process；(2) preheated crucible adds silicon metal in crucible bottom, is tying to 400 DEG C
The 2/3 of required fine aluminium amount, heats up together after covering is dried above crystal silicon, and fine aluminium is i.e. molten at 680 DEG C or so, parcel of the silicon in molten aluminum
Under slowly melt, stirred repeatedly with graphite rod after fusing, add remaining fine aluminium；(3) 730 DEG C are cooled to add among Al-Mn
In alloy, Mg-90Gd intermediate alloys, Al-5Y intermediate alloys, Mg-90Nd intermediate alloys, Mg-20Sm intermediate alloys, Al-20Er
Between alloy, Al-20La intermediate alloys, Al-10Yb intermediate alloys, stirring be completely melt it；(4) 740 DEG C of addition Al- are warming up to
Sr intermediate alloys and Al-P intermediate alloys, stand 15 minutes；(5) 720 DEG C of addition Al-Ti-B intermediate alloys are cooled to, stirring is quiet
Put 3~5 minutes；(6) the pure magnesium for being wrapped up aluminium foil with bell jar at 710 DEG C is pressed into aluminum alloy melt, and stirring makes it fully melt；
(7) being refined when being warming up to 720 DEG C, refining agent selects carbon trichloride, and the addition of refining agent is the 3% of aluminium alloy gross weight,
The refining agent for being wrapped up aluminium foil with bell jar during refining is pressed into horizontal turning movement in molten aluminum, and about 10min surveys hydrogen after refining
Content, and carry out stokehold inspection；
Second step, 30min is stood under 690 DEG C of pouring temperature, skims surface scum, obtains aluminium alloy melt, cast
Prepare；It is 690 DEG C to keep aluminium alloy melt temperature, and mold temperature is 200 DEG C；
3rd step, by obtained cast aluminium alloy gold carry out 510 DEG C, 12 it is small when solution treatment and 200 DEG C, 14 it is small when
Ageing treatment, finally obtains high plasticity alloy cast aluminum.
The high-plasticity aluminum alloy room temperature tensile intensity cast in the present embodiment is 271Mpa, elongation percentage 18.2%.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example provides a kind of aluminium alloy and preparation method thereof, the component and content and 8 phase of embodiment of the aluminium alloy
Together；Difference is：Sample is not dissolved and aging strengthening model.
The aluminium alloy mechanical properties cast in this comparative example are 200MPa, elongation percentage 10%.
Room-temperature property of the table 1 for cast aluminium alloy gold of the present invention with common cast Al-Si alloy under the conditions of gravitational casting contrasts
| Alloy designations (condition of heat treatment) | Tensile strength (MPa) | Elongation percentage (%) |
| ZL101A(T6) | ≥285 | ≥5 |
| ZL105A(T6) | ≥295 | ≥2 |
| Patent (T6) of the present invention | ≥260 | ≥18 |
Wherein, the chemical composition of ZL101A aluminium alloys and weight content are：Silicon (Si) 6.5~7.5%, magnesium (Mg) 0.25~
0.45%th, titanium (Ti) 0.08~0.20%, aluminium (Al) surplus；Copper (Cu)≤0.1% (impurity), manganese (Mn)≤0.10% are (miscellaneous
Matter), zinc (Zn)≤0.1% (impurity), zirconium (Zr)≤0.20% (impurity), tin (Sn)≤0.01% (impurity), lead (Pb)≤
0.03% (impurity).
The chemical composition and weight content of ZL105A aluminium alloys be：Silicon (Si) 4.5~5.5%, copper (Cu) 1.0~1.5%,
Magnesium (Mg) 0.4~0.55%, aluminium (Al) are surplus；Manganese (Mn)≤0.1% (impurity), zinc (Zn)≤0.1% (impurity), tin (Sn)
≤ 0.01% (impurity), lead (Pb)≤0.05% (impurity)；Note：Impurity summation:(sand casting)≤0.5%, (metal casting
Make)≤0.5%.
The specific embodiment of the present invention is described above.It is to be appreciated that the invention is not limited in above-mentioned
Particular implementation, those skilled in the art can make various deformations or amendments within the scope of the claims, this not shadow
Ring the substantive content of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of high plasticity alloy cast aluminum, it is characterised in that the high plasticity alloy cast aluminum includes component and its weight contains
Measure and be：Si 13.5%, Mg 0.6%, Mn 0.3%, Ti 0.2%, Gd 0.05%, Y 0.05%, Nd 0.02%, Sm
0.02%th, Er 0.1%, La 0.02%, Yb 0.7%, P 10ppm, Sr 200ppm, Fe and other inevitable impurity
Less than 0.4%, remaining is Al.
2. high plasticity alloy cast aluminum according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the high plasticity alloy cast aluminum
Si, Mg, Mn, Ti, RE, Fe, P, Sr, Al are among commercial-purity aluminium, silicon metal, pure magnesium, Al-Mn intermediate alloys, rare earth
Alloy, Al-Sr intermediate alloys, Al-P intermediate alloys and Al-Ti-B intermediate alloys.
A kind of 3. gravitational casting preparation method of high plasticity alloy cast aluminum according to claim 1, it is characterised in that institute
Preparation method is stated to comprise the following steps：
The first step, molten alloy, obtains aluminium alloy melt；
Second step, carries out gravitational casting to the aluminium alloy melt, obtains aluminium alloy castings；
3rd step, solution treatment, cooling treatment and ageing treatment are carried out by the aluminium alloy castings successively, up to the high-ductility
Cast aluminium alloy gold.
4. the gravitational casting preparation method of high plasticity alloy cast aluminum according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the first step
In, the molten alloy comprises the following steps that：
(1) by commercial-purity aluminium, silicon metal, pure magnesium, Al-Mn intermediate alloys, rare earth intermediate alloy, Al-Sr intermediate alloys,
Al-P intermediate alloys and Al-Ti-B intermediate alloys are preheated to 100~200 DEG C, when insulation 2 is small more than；
(2) melting Al, Si：Melting utensil is preheated to 400~500 DEG C, silicon metal is added in its bottom, is covered on silicon metal
40~80% commercial-purity aluminium of required commercial-purity aluminium gross weight, is warming up to the fusing point of commercial-purity aluminium, obtains molten aluminum；Silicon metal is in institute
State and melted under the parcel of molten aluminum, stirred repeatedly after fusing, add remaining commercial-purity aluminium；
(3) Mn, RE are added：Under the conditions of 720~740 DEG C, added into liquation obtained by step (2) in Al-Mn intermediate alloys, rare earth
Between alloy；
(4) Sr, P are added：Under the conditions of 730~750 DEG C, added into liquation obtained by step (3) in Al-Sr intermediate alloys and Al-P
Between alloy, stand 15~30 minutes after stir 3~5 minutes, it is fully melted；
(5) Ti is added：Under the conditions of 710~730 DEG C, Al-Ti-B intermediate alloys are added into liquation obtained by step (4), stirring is quiet
Put 3~5 minutes；
(6) Mg is added：Under the conditions of 700~720 DEG C, pure magnesium is added into liquation obtained by step (5), fully fusing；
(7) refine：Under the conditions of 710~740 DEG C, refining agent is added into liquation obtained by step (6), is refined 10~20 minutes,
15~40 minutes are stood, 680~700 DEG C is cooled to, skims surface scum, up to aluminium alloy melt.
5. the gravitational casting preparation method of high plasticity alloy cast aluminum according to claim 4, it is characterised in that step
(1) in, the preheating specifically uses baking oven.
6. the gravitational casting preparation method of high plasticity alloy cast aluminum according to claim 4, it is characterised in that step
(2) in, the melting utensil is specially crucible；The stirring specifically uses graphite rod.
7. the gravitational casting preparation method of high plasticity alloy cast aluminum according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the essence
It is conventional aluminum refining agent or carbon trichloride containing inorganic salts such as sodium salt, sylvite, villiaumites to refine agent.
8. the gravitational casting preparation method of high plasticity alloy cast aluminum according to claim 3, it is characterised in that second step
In, aluminium alloy melt pouring temperature is 680~700 DEG C in the gravitational casting, and metal type dies temperature is 200~300 DEG C.
9. the gravitational casting preparation method of high plasticity alloy cast aluminum according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the 3rd step
In, the solution treatment refers to when solid solution 4~18 is small in the environment of 480~540 DEG C；The cooling treatment refers to according to routine
Furnace cooling, air-cooled or water quenching method cooled down；The ageing treatment refers to carry out 10~40 in the environment of 170~250 DEG C
Hour.
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| CN1298878C (en) * | 2003-12-03 | 2007-02-07 | 东华大学 | Aluminum silicon alloy series possessing granulated silicon phase and its process |
| CN101514420A (en) * | 2009-04-13 | 2009-08-26 | 清华大学 | Aluminum alloy for automobile wheel hub |
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