CN102560206B - Rare-earth aluminum alloy piston material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Rare-earth aluminum alloy piston material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102560206B CN102560206B CN201210051950.8A CN201210051950A CN102560206B CN 102560206 B CN102560206 B CN 102560206B CN 201210051950 A CN201210051950 A CN 201210051950A CN 102560206 B CN102560206 B CN 102560206B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a rare-earth aluminum alloy piston material and a preparation method of the rare-earth aluminum alloy piston material. The alloy comprises the following chemical components (wt%): 11-13wt% of Si, 0.9-1.5wt% of Cu, 0.6-1.1wt% of Mg, 0.1-0.4wt% of Cr, 0.2-0.6wt% of Mn, 0.6-1.2wt% of Ce, 0.3-0.5wt% of Ni, 0.8-1.5wt% of Fe, 0.06-0.1wt% of Ti and the balance of Al. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: weighting the raw materials by weight percent; smelting pure aluminum and intermediate alloy of all elements; performing iron-phase spheroidization, compound phosphorus deterioration treatment, thinning treatment, refining treatment, and adopting metal mold gravity to cast and pour a piston blank; and performing T6 thermal treatment on a cast piece. The rare-earth cerium treatment, iron-phase spheroidization and compound phosphorus deterioration treatment are adopted, so that the high-temperature property of the piston is improved. The preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages that the production is simple, the content of nickel is reduced and the cost is lowered.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of rare-earth aluminum alloy piston material and preparation method thereof, belongs to metal material field.
Background technology
At present, in the aluminium-alloy piston that internal vapor oil turbine and diesel motor are used, with cocrystallizing type ZL108, ZL109 widespread use the most.Along with the raising of engine power and emission standard, the ability that these materials bear high-temperature load more and more can not meet the demands.
Because piston is for applied at elevated temperature, and mainly improve the Mg of alloy normal temperature strength
2si, CuAl
2deng at high temperature alligatoring of Age-prrcipitation Phase, be difficult to again crystal boundary be played to effective pinning effect, thermal treatment is simultaneously also less on the high-temperature behavior impact of ZL108, ZL109.
Although rely on a lot of precious metal elements of increase and complicated technology can make piston performance obtain to a certain extent, improve, production cost and conditional request are higher, make these materials in actual production, be difficult to obtain large-scale promotion.
It is standby from high tensile strength and creep-resistant property between room temperature to 300 ℃ that Al-Si is associated gold utensil, good thermal conductivity, and high toughness and elongation, low porosity, good castability, low hot cracking tendency, is therefore to substitute cast iron to manufacture the better material of piston.
The chemically reactive of rare earth is between alkali and alkaline earth metal ions, more active than other metal.Rare earth has effects such as refinement primary silicon and Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys, microalloying, purification melt in aluminium alloy casting process.Rare earth forms many phases that contain rare earth with the multiple element in aluminium alloy, and these high melting compounds that are disperse distribution have good thermotolerance and thermostability, and aluminium alloy has been strengthened in this effect.
Ce is the more active element of chemical property in rare earth, can there is mutually good high-temperature behavior with the element such as Mn, Fe, Cr forms, containing Rare-Earth Ce, Fe, Mn, Cr can be at grain boundaries stable existence, to the mobile good pinning effect that plays that misplaces at 350 ℃.
Out-phase strengthening is the effective High-Temperature Strengthening mechanism of piston alloy, the thermostability of heterogeneous phase better (fusing point is higher, under high temperature microhardness larger, vary with temperature its melting degree in α (Al) sosoloid and change less), the hot strengthening effect of out-phase strengthening is better.
Iron is similar can isolate material matrix with the appearance of needle-like form, and therefore in aluminium-alloy piston casting, iron is processed as impurity element at present.If iron is on good terms by effective nodularization, iron can be used as the heterogeneous phase of out-phase strengthening mutually, has excellent high-temperature behavior, can increase substantially the high-temperature behavior of aluminium piston.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide eutectic aluminum-silicon rare earth alloy material that a kind of high-temperature behavior is good, technology stability good and Financial cost is low and preparation method thereof.
Rare-earth aluminum alloy piston material of the present invention, in its alloy, the mass percent of each chemical composition is: Si:11～13; Cu:0.9～1.5; Mg:0.6～1.1; Cr:0.1～0.4; Mn:0.2～0.6; Ce:0.6～1.2; Ni:0.3～0.5; Fe:0.8～1.5; Ti:0.06～0.1; Surplus is Al.
The preparation method of rare-earth aluminum alloy piston material provided by the invention, comprises the steps:
(1) by aluminium, silicon, copper, iron, chromium, manganese, nickel agent heat fused; Described silicon, copper, iron, chromium, manganese, nickel agent add in smelting furnace with the master alloy form of aluminium-silicon, Solder for Al-Cu Joint Welding, aluminium-iron, aluminium-chromium, aluminium-manganese, aluminium-nickel respectively;
(2) be cooled to 700 ℃～760 ℃, add iron-phase nodulizer, stir; Described iron-phase nodulizer consists of the potassium fluotitanate of 60%～75%wt magnesium powder and 25～40%;
(3) compound microcosmic salt alterant is added in alloy molten solution to uniform stirring;
(4) be warming up to 800 ℃～850 ℃, add aluminium-cerium master alloy, stir, standing;
(5) be cooled to 750 ℃～760 ℃, use hexachloroethane degasification, stir, standing;
(6) continue to be cooled to 720 ℃～730 ℃, casting of piston blank;
(7), after being poured, the piston blank of this material is heat-treated.
In step (1), in described aluminium-silicon master alloy, silicon is that in 20-25wt%, Solder for Al-Cu Joint Welding master alloy, copper is that in 46-52wt%, aluminium-iron master alloy, iron is that in 16-22wt%, aluminium-chromium master alloy, chromium is that in 8-12wt%, aluminium-manganese master alloy, manganese is that in 8-12wt%, aluminium-nickel master alloy, nickel is 8-12wt%.
When the master alloy of aluminium and aluminium-silicon, Solder for Al-Cu Joint Welding, aluminium-iron, aluminium-chromium, aluminium-manganese, aluminium-nickel is added to smelting furnace, aluminium is placed respectively in top and the bottom, and pars intermedia is placed the master alloy of aluminium-silicon, aluminium-manganese, aluminium-iron, aluminium-nickel, Solder for Al-Cu Joint Welding and aluminium-chromium.
In step (3), described compound microcosmic salt alterant consists of 65～75wt% monocalcium phosphate, 10～20wt% Repone K and 5～15wt% sodium-chlor and 5～10wt% Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan).
In step (4), in described aluminium-cerium master alloy, cerium is 16-22wt%.
In step (3), can after uniform stirring, skim and spread one deck insulating covering agent; Equally, in step (4) and/or step (5), also can skim after standing and spread one deck insulating covering agent; Described insulating covering agent is KCl, granularity < 125 μ m, and add-on is 2～4% of alloy molten solution quality;
Iron-phase nodulizer in the present invention adopts briquetting form to add, and iron-phase nodulizer briquetting plays the effect of iron phase in nodularization alloy molten solution, responds: K due under high temperature
2tiF
6+ Al → AlF
3+ K+Ti, Ti+Al → TiAl
3, the TiAl of generation
3become the particle of iron phase forming core, free potassium is adsorbed on iron phase surface, hinders the free growth of iron phase, effectively improves iron phase morphology, nodularization iron phase.The effect that adds magnesium powder is to utilize its reaction very exothermic, has improved the temperature of liquation, can promote reaction to carry out.
Material of the present invention mainly utilizes the alloying action of rare earth, and because Ce is the more active element of chemical property in rare earth, itself and manganese, iron, chromium, nickel form the Al that pattern is good
9feCe, Al
3cuCe, Al
24cu
8ceMn, AlSi (Fe, Cr, Mn)
3deng high-temperature heat-resistance phase, can stable existence in the time of 350 ℃.The heat-resisting grain boundaries at piston alloy forming plays good pinning effect, and while having hindered distortion, the movement of dislocation, has strengthened piston alloy high-temperature behavior, makes piston can bear higher thermal load.
In the present invention, adopt compound microcosmic salt alterant to can be briquetting form, wherein, the monocalcium phosphate in compound microcosmic salt briquetting plays the effect of rotten primary silicon, and Repone K and sodium-chlor are to solid-state Al
2o
3there is good wetting ability, play the effect of slagging-off.The Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys that not only can go bad can also be adsorbed and dissolved Al
2o
3, can significantly improve the affinability of Repone K and sodium-chlor, also can improve the surface tension of flux and aluminium liquid simultaneously, make scarfing cinder more thorough.The use of compound microcosmic salt briquetting significantly improves purification and the modification effect of aluminium piston alloy liquation, and the real one-tenth of homogenious charge compression piece has also facilitated to be produced and preserve.
The present invention compares and has the following advantages with existing piston material:
1) compare with al-si eutectic piston alloy ZL109, reduced the use of nickel, reduced cost;
2) use cerium to process, and optimized the composition of Fe, Mn, Cr, the rare earth compound that rare earth and these elements form, improved greatly piston alloy heat-resisting ability, reduced the thermal expansivity of piston material, use RE-treated, refinement Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys, unit elongation is also improved;
3) cerium plays again cleansing soln, degasification slagging-off effect, has reduced defect, further improves the performance of aluminium piston.
4) in technique, do not need complicated operation and equipment, foundry goods has good castability, and strong operability is convenient to promote and is produced.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is 100 times of metallographs of rare-earth aluminum alloy piston material of the present invention.
400 times of metallographs of this invention rare-earth aluminum alloy piston material of Fig. 2.
400 times of metallographs of this invention rare-earth aluminum alloy piston material of Fig. 3.
The stereoscan photograph of this invention rare-earth aluminum alloy piston material of Fig. 4.
Fig. 1 interalloy crystal grain is tiny, even, and the grain refinement effect of cerium is obvious.
Fig. 2 interalloy primary silicon is smooth without corner angle, and yardstick is little; Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys is tiny corynebacterium, and the modification effect of compound microcosmic salt briquetting and cerium is remarkable.
In Fig. 3, A place is rich cerium and Fu Tiexiang, and under the spheroidization of iron-phase nodulizer, iron phase morphology is thin rod shape and netted, and shape obtains fine improvement.
In Fig. 4, B place is the iron phase under scanning electron microscope, clearerly sees, cerium and iron-phase nodulizer are transformed into thin rod shape Needle like Iron Phase, even spherical and particulate state.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The rare-earth aluminum alloy piston material of the present embodiment, in its alloy, the mass percent of each chemical composition is:
Si:12.6wt%; Cu:1wt%; Mg:0.9wt%; Cr:0.3wt%; Mn:0.4wt%; Ce:0.8wt%; Ni:0.44wt%; Fe:1.1%; Ti:0.09wt%; Surplus is Al.
The preparation method of the rare-earth aluminum alloy piston material of above-mentioned quality proportioning is as follows:
1) by the commercial-purity aluminium of proportional quantity, containing the aluminium silicon master alloy of 24wt% silicon, containing the aluminum bronze intermediate alloy of 50wt% copper, containing the ferro-aluminum master alloy of 20wt% iron, containing the aluminium chromium hardener of 10wt% chromium, containing the aluminium manganese master alloy of 10wt% manganese and put into stove containing the aluminium nickel master alloy of 10wt% nickel, fine aluminium is placed respectively in top and the bottom, centre is put into aluminium silicon, aluminium manganese, ferro-aluminum, aluminium nickel, aluminum bronze, aluminium chromium hardener successively, be heated to 850 ℃, be incubated to furnace charge and all melt.
2) cool the temperature to 730 ℃～750 ℃, the iron-phase nodulizer briquetting by after compacting, is pressed in alloy molten solution with bell jar, and iron-phase nodulizer briquetting consists of 75%wt magnesium powder, 25% potassium fluotitanate, after evenly mixing, is compacted into piece.
3) then with bell jar, compound microcosmic salt alterant briquetting is added in alloy molten solution, uniform stirring, compound microcosmic salt briquetting consists of 75wt% monocalcium phosphate, 13wt% Repone K, 6wt% sodium-chlor and 6wt% Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan).
4) be warming up to 800 ℃, the aluminium cerium master alloy containing 20wt% cerium is added to alloy molten solution, every 5 minutes, stir once, after it all melts, be incubated standing 30 minutes, skim and spread one deck insulating covering agent.
5) be cooled to 750 ℃～760 ℃, then use hexachloroethane degasification, stir standing 20 minutes.
6) continue to be cooled to 720 ℃～730 ℃, quick smoothly molten aluminium alloy is poured in the metal die of 170 ℃～230 ℃ of preheatings;
7) after being poured, piston blank is carried out to T6 thermal treatment, processing parameter is as follows:
Solution treatment: 500 ± 5 ℃ * 4～6h+60 ℃ shrend;
Ageing treatment: 179 ℃ of-189 ℃ * 1～12h+ air coolings.
After thermal treatment mechanical property be: room temperature tensile strength is 310MP, and 300 ℃ of hot strengths are 165MP, and unit elongation is 1.5%, and data are as table 1.
Table 1
In table, ZL109 is domestic cocrystallizing type aluminum alloy piston material, KS1275, G-AlSi
12cu is internationally famous cocrystallizing type aluminum alloy piston material.
Embodiment 2
The rare-earth aluminum alloy piston material of the present embodiment, in its alloy, the mass percent of each chemical composition is:
Si:11wt%; Cu:1.2wt%; Mg:0.7wt%; Cr:0.4wt%; Mn:0.2wt%; Ce:1.1wt%; Ni:0.3wt%; Fe:1.4%; Ti:0.09wt%; Surplus is Al.
The preparation method of the rare-earth aluminum alloy piston material of above-mentioned quality proportioning is with embodiment 1.
After thermal treatment mechanical property be: room temperature tensile strength is 308MP, and 300 ℃ of hot strengths are 162MP, and unit elongation is 1.0%.Data are as table 2.
Table 2
In table, ZL109 is domestic cocrystallizing type aluminum alloy piston material, KS1275, G-AlSi
12cu is internationally famous cocrystallizing type aluminum alloy piston material.
Claims (7)
1. the preparation method of a rare-earth aluminum alloy piston material, it is characterized in that: each elemental composition of having optimized conventional eutectic aluminum-silicon piston alloy, use a kind of material obtaining after cerium processing, iron-phase nodulizer spheroidizing, the rotten processing of compound microcosmic salt, in its interalloy, the mass percent of each chemical composition is: Si:11～13; Cu:0.9～1.5; Mg:0.6～1.1; Cr:0.1～0.4; Mn:0.2～0.6; Ce:0.6～1.2; Ni:0.3～0.5; Fe:0.8～1.5; Ti:0.06～0.1; Surplus is A1; Comprise the steps:
(1) by aluminium, silicon, copper, iron, chromium, manganese, nickel agent heat fused; Described silicon, copper, iron, chromium, manganese, nickel agent add in smelting furnace with the master alloy form of aluminium-silicon, Solder for Al-Cu Joint Welding, aluminium-iron, aluminium-chromium, aluminium-manganese, aluminium-nickel respectively;
(2) be cooled to 700 ℃～760 ℃, add iron-phase nodulizer, stir; Described iron-phase nodulizer consists of 60%～75%wt magnesium powder, 25～40% potassium fluotitanate;
(3) compound microcosmic salt alterant is added in alloy molten solution, stir;
(4) be warming up to 800 ℃～850 ℃, add aluminium-cerium master alloy, stir, standing;
(5) be cooled to 750 ℃～760 ℃, use hexachloroethane degasification, stir, standing;
(6) continue to be cooled to 720 ℃～730 ℃, casting of piston blank;
(7), after being poured, the piston blank of this material is heat-treated.
2. the preparation method of rare-earth aluminum alloy piston material as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step (1), in described aluminium-silicon master alloy, silicon is that in 20-25wt%, Solder for Al-Cu Joint Welding master alloy, copper is that in 46-52wt%, aluminium-iron master alloy, iron is that in 16-22wt%, aluminium-chromium master alloy, chromium is that in 8-12wt%, aluminium-manganese master alloy, manganese is that in 8-12wt%, aluminium-nickel master alloy, nickel is 8-12wt%.
3. the preparation method of rare-earth aluminum alloy piston material as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: in step (1), when the master alloy of aluminium and aluminium-silicon, Solder for Al-Cu Joint Welding, aluminium-iron, aluminium-chromium, aluminium-manganese, aluminium-nickel is added to smelting furnace, aluminium is placed respectively in top and the bottom, and pars intermedia is placed the master alloy of aluminium-silicon, aluminium-manganese, aluminium-iron, aluminium-nickel, Solder for Al-Cu Joint Welding and aluminium-chromium.
4. the preparation method of rare-earth aluminum alloy piston material as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3, it is characterized in that: in step (3), described compound microcosmic salt alterant consists of 65～75wt% monocalcium phosphate, 10～20wt% Repone K and 5～15wt% sodium-chlor and 5～10wt% Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan).
5. the preparation method of rare-earth aluminum alloy piston material as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that: in step (4), in described aluminium-cerium master alloy, cerium is 16-22wt%.
6. the preparation method of rare-earth aluminum alloy piston material as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: in step (3), skim and spread one deck insulating covering agent after stirring.
7. the preparation method of rare-earth aluminum alloy piston material as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: in step (4) and/or step (5), skim after standing and spread one deck insulating covering agent.
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| CN104498777A (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2015-04-08 | 上海航天精密机械研究所 | Method for preparing ZL205A alloy containing rare earth elements |
| CN105463227A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-04-06 | 中信戴卡股份有限公司 | Aluminum alloy modificator and modification method |
| CN105483458A (en) * | 2016-01-27 | 2016-04-13 | 东莞佛亚铝业有限公司 | High-strength heat-resistant aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN105483476A (en) * | 2016-01-27 | 2016-04-13 | 东莞佛亚铝业有限公司 | High-strength, high-conductivity and high-heat-resisting aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN105714143A (en) * | 2016-03-01 | 2016-06-29 | 北京交通大学 | Calcium remover for aluminum alloys as well as preparation and use method of calcium remover |
| CN106756144A (en) * | 2016-11-10 | 2017-05-31 | 无锡市明盛强力风机有限公司 | A kind of Al Si alloys composite inoculating technique |
| CN106544553A (en) * | 2016-11-10 | 2017-03-29 | 无锡市明盛强力风机有限公司 | A kind of method of REINFORCED Al Si alloy piston high-temperature behavior |
| CN111101036A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-05-05 | 安徽陶铝新动力科技有限公司 | Aluminum piston and preparation method thereof |
| US20230417203A1 (en) * | 2022-06-28 | 2023-12-28 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Piston for use in internal combustion engines and method of making the piston |
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| CN1693507A (en) * | 2005-05-20 | 2005-11-09 | 东北轻合金有限责任公司 | Manufacturing method of aluminium alloy piston |
| EP1978120A1 (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2008-10-08 | Technische Universität Clausthal | Aluminium-silicon alloy and method for production of same |
| CN101775530A (en) * | 2010-03-04 | 2010-07-14 | 安徽省恒泰活塞制造有限公司 | Hypereutectic al-si alloy piston material |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1693507A (en) * | 2005-05-20 | 2005-11-09 | 东北轻合金有限责任公司 | Manufacturing method of aluminium alloy piston |
| EP1978120A1 (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2008-10-08 | Technische Universität Clausthal | Aluminium-silicon alloy and method for production of same |
| CN101775530A (en) * | 2010-03-04 | 2010-07-14 | 安徽省恒泰活塞制造有限公司 | Hypereutectic al-si alloy piston material |
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