CN105377058B - 角黄素的用途 - Google Patents
角黄素的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105377058B CN105377058B CN201480034323.0A CN201480034323A CN105377058B CN 105377058 B CN105377058 B CN 105377058B CN 201480034323 A CN201480034323 A CN 201480034323A CN 105377058 B CN105377058 B CN 105377058B
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- canthaxanthin
- egg product
- vitamin
- egg
- hydroxyvitamin
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- FDSDTBUPSURDBL-LOFNIBRQSA-N canthaxanthin Chemical compound CC=1C(=O)CCC(C)(C)C=1/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)C(=O)CCC1(C)C FDSDTBUPSURDBL-LOFNIBRQSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 235000012682 canthaxanthin Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- OOUTWVMJGMVRQF-DOYZGLONSA-N Phoenicoxanthin Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)C(=O)C(O)CC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2=C(C)C(=O)CCC2(C)C OOUTWVMJGMVRQF-DOYZGLONSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 229940008033 canthaxanthin Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000001659 canthaxanthin Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 124
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229930003316 Vitamin D Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N Vitamin D3 Natural products C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=C/C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000019166 vitamin D Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011710 vitamin D Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 150000003710 vitamin D derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229940046008 vitamin d Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- JWUBBDSIWDLEOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol Natural products C1CCC2(C)C(C(CCCC(C)(C)O)C)CCC2C1=CC=C1CC(O)CCC1=C JWUBBDSIWDLEOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- JWUBBDSIWDLEOM-DCHLRESJSA-N 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 Natural products C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@@H](CCCC(C)(C)O)C)=C/C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C JWUBBDSIWDLEOM-DCHLRESJSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- JWUBBDSIWDLEOM-NQZHSCJISA-N 25-hydroxy-3 epi cholecalciferol Chemical compound C1([C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@@H](CCCC(C)(C)O)C)=CC=C1C[C@H](O)CCC1=C JWUBBDSIWDLEOM-NQZHSCJISA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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- 230000000474 nursing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
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- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- DPJRMOMPQZCRJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M thiamine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.[Cl-].CC1=C(CCO)SC=[N+]1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N DPJRMOMPQZCRJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021318 Calcifediol Nutrition 0.000 abstract 2
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- QCVGEOXPDFCNHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,5-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-oxazolidine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound CC1(C)OC(=O)N(C(N)=O)C1=O QCVGEOXPDFCNHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 5
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- -1 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- FDSDTBUPSURDBL-DKLMTRRASA-N canthaxanthin Chemical compound CC=1C(=O)CCC(C)(C)C=1\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)C(=O)CCC1(C)C FDSDTBUPSURDBL-DKLMTRRASA-N 0.000 description 3
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- YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N (+)-Biotin Chemical compound N1C(=O)N[C@@H]2[C@H](CCCCC(=O)O)SC[C@@H]21 YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000006394 Sorghum bicolor Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000011684 Sorghum saccharatum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- FCKJYANJHNLEEP-OIMXRAFZSA-N 24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Chemical compound C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@@H](CCC(O)C(C)(C)O)C)=C\C=C1\C[C@H](O)CCC1=C FCKJYANJHNLEEP-OIMXRAFZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKAJSJJFBSOMGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,6-diamino-10-methylacridinium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=C(N)C=C2[N+](C)=C(C=C(N)C=C3)C3=CC2=C1 KKAJSJJFBSOMGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WIGIZIANZCJQQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethyl-3-methyl-N-[2-[4-[[[(4-methylcyclohexyl)amino]-oxomethyl]sulfamoyl]phenyl]ethyl]-5-oxo-2H-pyrrole-1-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C1C(CC)=C(C)CN1C(=O)NCCC1=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NC2CCC(C)CC2)C=C1 WIGIZIANZCJQQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000272525 Anas platyrhynchos Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000271566 Aves Species 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002101 Chitin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003424 Na2SeO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052925 anhydrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011616 biotin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002685 biotin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000020958 biotin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000001707 canthaxanthins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000366 copper(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 235000021056 liquid food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000357 manganese(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011785 micronutrient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013369 micronutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012149 noodles Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L15/00—Egg products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L15/30—Addition of substances other than those covered by A23L15/20 – A23L15/25
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/179—Colouring agents, e.g. pigmenting or dyeing agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
- A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L15/00—Egg products; Preparation or treatment thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/15—Vitamins
- A23L33/155—Vitamins A or D
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/12—Ketones
- A61K31/122—Ketones having the oxygen directly attached to a ring, e.g. quinones, vitamin K1, anthralin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/59—Compounds containing 9, 10- seco- cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems
- A61K31/593—9,10-Secocholestane derivatives, e.g. cholecalciferol, i.e. vitamin D3
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
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- Nutrition Science (AREA)
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- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及角黄素和至少一种维生素D代谢物、优选地25‑羟基维生素D3(25‑OH D3)用于改善内部蛋品质量的用途。内部蛋品质量通常以哈夫单位表示,是通过产蛋家禽喂养含角黄素和25‑羟基维生素D3的膳食来延长的。
Description
发明领域
本发明属于家禽养殖的一般领域,并且尤其涉及产卵禽或生蛋鸡的喂养。
本发明的涉及任选地与至少一种维生素D代谢物(优选地25-羟基维生素D3(25-OHD3))组合的角黄素作为饲料添加剂用于改善家禽生蛋鸡的蛋品质量的用途。
在一个具体的方面,其涉及用饲料配制物喂养雌性鸟禽的方法,该饲料配制物增强例如内部蛋品质量(interior egg quality)以及蛋品生产和/或蛋壳质量。本发明还涉及从鸟禽获得的具有改善的蛋壳的蛋品,该鸟禽是用本发明的膳食喂养的。本发明的家禽膳食通常是包含任选地与至少一种维生素D代谢物组合的角黄素的膳食,其用量使得蛋品的内部质量恶化速度变慢。
更具体地,本发明涉及任选地与25-羟基维生素D3组合的角黄素在制造饲料组合物中的用途,所述饲料组合物用于提高哈夫单位(Haugh unit)值和/或用于增强家禽蛋的卵黄膜。
本发明还涉及改善的家禽养殖。因此,其涉及用来提供改善的蛋生产的方法。这些方法包括在可市售的来自产蛋母鸡的鸡蛋产量方面得到提升。这种提升是通过用本发明的膳食来喂养母鸡。
发明背景
蛋品的内部质量随时间而下降,这是本领域公知的。蛋清(albumen)和蛋黄(yoke)在质量贡献方面的损失是温度和二氧化碳穿过壳的活动的函数。低温减小在哈夫单位(一种内部蛋品质量的标准测量)方面的损失速率,因而建议将蛋品储存在接近凝固点的温度下,从实际来看,这种程序并不总是可行的。为了降低二氧化碳(和湿气)损失,已经采取了各种壳处理方式,例如在蛋品上喷油。
新鲜度是指明蛋品的内部质量的最重要的参数之一。从产蛋的一刻起,蛋品就开始变得不新鲜。当养殖管理员打开(crack)一个蛋时,他/她希望找到一些表明蛋品新鲜程度的视觉上的线索。卵白的水样状态和卵黄膜(蛋黄膜)的一致性是指示蛋品新鲜度的两个参数。这对蛋和面包产业来说也非常重要,因为不新鲜的蛋品被捣碎/捣成糊时无法适当地升起来(rise)。
当蛋被打破到平坦表面上时呈现水样、散开的卵白时,这通常表明鸡蛋是不新鲜的。白蛋白(albumin)的高度对于蛋品的新鲜度来说是非常重要的,并且其是以哈夫单位值来被测定的。值越高,蛋越新鲜。已知当蛋品放置长时间后,哈夫单位值减小,因而蛋品新鲜度降低。哈夫单位来自于根据蛋尺寸而调整的白蛋白的高度。
因此,能够提高或保持哈夫单位值的任何方法或饲养实践都被认为是对禽蛋业非常有益的。
作为保持内部蛋品质量的手段,已经发现一种用于减小(如果不能消除的话)对制冷和在蛋品上喷油的需要的方式。
为了改善内部蛋品质量随时间而恶化的问题,迄今为止,推荐如下的程序:
1.每天收集蛋品三至四次。
2.在收集后及时将蛋清理干净并在13℃下或优选地在10℃下冷却12-24小时,之后装入箱或盒中。
3.将蛋品保持在60至85%、优选地70至80%的相对温度下。
4.采取小心的处理措施。
5.仅用预先冷却的容器来进行合适的包装。
6.采取不少于一周两次的频繁营销。
7.采用快速且冷藏的运输,并频繁向销售网点送货,优选地每周至少五次。
8.采用适当的冷藏保持销售网点的空间。
9.将蛋品在7℃至13℃下保持在家用冰箱中,并且优选地在一周之内将所有蛋品用完。
在过去的十年中,对家禽蛋品、尤其鸡蛋的需求得到相当大的扩张。家禽行业已经从家庭式行业发展成大规模制造行业,在大规模制造行业中在单个农场或产蛋设施中每天生产成千上万的蛋品。一些蛋品被生产用于食用,一些蛋品被生产用于孵化。这种大规模蛋品生产的一个问题是作为时间的函数的内部蛋品质量过早降低。也就是说,除非根据上面所描述的“9点”(9-point)方案对蛋品进行加工和/或处理,在蛋清和蛋黄的内部质量方面,蛋品的质量会比期望的更快地变坏。此外,本领域中期望的一个贡献是:简化蛋品生产、分配、营销等并同时降低对冷藏的需要的一种方式。
与大规模蛋品生产相关的另一个问题是破损。在蛋品中即便一个很轻微的裂缝也会使其不适合用于孵化以及大多数其他营销目的。据估计,由于裂缝或破损,所生产的所有蛋品中大约百分之六受损。壳强度对于抑制破损来说是非常重要的。蛋壳越结实,蛋品越不太可能会破裂或破损。用来避免破损的小心处理所必需的机械和技术既昂贵又费时。
蛋品生产的另一个显著损失(据估计损失约百分之七)是生产不完全卵(shell-less egg)。在大规模蛋品生产中,不完全卵的任何降低都可以是非常重要的因素。
另一个重要的量度是卵黄膜的强度。烘焙食品店、面食店以及一般的蛋品生产行业必须将将卵白与蛋分离,从而制备不同的菜肴和配方。对于工业蛋品领域来说,这是最重要的质量标准之一。因此,如果可以的话,强度高且抗应力(resistant)的蛋黄总是更好的。
发明概述
根据本发明,已经惊奇地发现,通过给动物施用有效量的角黄素和任选的25-OH-D3,可以改善和/或延长家禽蛋品的新鲜度。
发明人已经发现,通过给产蛋家禽喂养包含角黄素和任选地25-OH-D3的膳食,可以使内部蛋品质量保持在较高的水平。换言之,本发明在其众多实施方式中的一个实施方式中提供降低内部蛋品质量恶化速率的方法,其包括给产蛋家禽母鸡喂养包含角黄素和任选地25-OH-D3的膳食,以使来自所述母鸡的蛋品在哈夫单位值方面的减小速率与在采用除不含角黄素和任选地25-OH-D3外相同膳食的相同条件下的这种减小速率相比被显著地降低。在本方法中,角黄素和任选地25-OH-D3的量通常在约0.25至约3.5重量%、优选地约0.75至约1.5重量%的范围内。
因此,我们已经发现,如果额外向膳食中添加角黄素和任选地25-OH-D3,家禽蛋品的蛋品生产、蛋品质量(尤其内部蛋品质量)和/或蛋壳质量得到增强。此改进可以致使生产更多可收集的蛋品,这对于肉种鸡母鸡来说意味着在孵化器中可以收获更多可设定(settable)的蛋品。
发明详述
在整个说明书和权利要求书中使用时,采用如下定义:
“维生素D代谢物”指维生素D的任意代谢物,例如25-羟基维生素D3、1,25-二羟基维生素D3和24,25-二羟基维生素D3。
“25-OH D3”具体地指25-羟基维生素D3。
“家禽”是指包括火鸡、鸭和鸡(包括但不限于肉鸡、生蛋鸡、种鸡)。
角黄素和25-OH D3可以从任何来源获得,并且可以使用方便的技术来制备其组合物。
哈夫单位是蛋品重量与蛋清之间的一种数学关系。该测试是由Raymond Haugh引入的,并且除其他量度(例如壳厚度和强度)外,哈夫单位是蛋品质量的一个重要的工业量度。
将蛋品称重,然后将其打破到平坦表面上(breakout法),并使用测微计(micrometer)来测定立即围绕在蛋黄周围的厚蛋清(卵白)的高度。高度与重量共同决定哈夫单位或HU、等级。数值越高,蛋品质量越好(更新鲜、更高质量的蛋品具有更厚的卵白)。尽管该量度决定蛋品的蛋白质含量和新鲜度,但它无法测量蛋品中存在的其他重要营养物质(例如微量营养素或维生素)。
计算哈夫单位的公式为:
HU=100*log(h-1.7w0.37+7.6)
其中:
·HU=哈夫单位
·h=所观察到的蛋清高度,以毫米计
·w=蛋品的重量,以克计
在第一个方面,提供适合家禽使用的一种或多种饲料组合物,以施用角黄素和25-OH D3营养物,从而改善家禽生蛋鸡的蛋品质量。
在第二个方面,提供家禽饲料,其包含约10μg/kg至约100μg/kg的25-OH D3和约2至100ppm的角黄素,优选地包含2至10ppm的角黄素。
在另一个方面,提供用于家禽喂养的预混物组合物,其包含25-羟基维生素D3和角黄素。
适宜地与食物一起施用角黄素和25-羟基维生素D3。本文中使用时,术语“食物”既包括固体食物,又包括液体食物,以及饮用流体(例如饮用水)。具体地,本发明的成分可以作为配制好的粉末,被添加到包含其他矿物质、维生素、氨基酸和痕量元素的预混物中,所述预混物被添加到常规动物食物中并彻底混合来实现在其中的均匀分布。
在制造根据本发明的家禽饲料时,向正常的家禽食物中添加约2ppm至100ppm、优选地2–10ppm的角黄素和约10μ/kg至约100μg/kg的25-羟基维生素D3。或者,可以在常规食物组分基础上,通过以较高的浓度向这类食物组分添加这些活性成分,来制备食物预混物。
如上文中所提到,除了其他以外,本发明还涉及降低内部蛋品质量恶化的方法。在其另一种形式中,该方法涉及获得蛋品收获(egg crop)的方法,所述蛋品收获具有降低的内部蛋品质量恶化速率,该方法包括:(i)制备家禽膳食,所述家禽膳食包含约0.25重量%至约3.0重量%的角黄素和任选地25-OH D3;(ii)向产蛋家禽喂养所述膳食,并且(iii)从中重新获得(recovering)蛋品收获,其中蛋品在哈夫单位值方面的减小速率与在采用除不含角黄素和任选地25-OH D3外相同膳食的相同条件下的这种减小速率相比被显著地降低。
在其另一种形式中,本发明涉及改善蛋壳特性的方法,例如改善来自产蛋家禽的蛋品的蛋壳强度。测量蛋壳强度的一个实用手段是测量蛋品的比重。这是通过将蛋品浸在各种强度的盐水溶液中来简单地完成的。本领域公知的是,比重与蛋壳强度相关。随着蛋品比重上升,蛋壳强度提高。
本发明的后面一种方面还可以改善蛋壳厚度和/或减小所产生的无壳蛋的数量。
根据本发明,25-OH-D3化合物可以在商标1.25%下购得,并且角黄素在商标Red下购得。角黄素和25-OH-D3二者的组合产品可以在商标下购得。
根据本发明,如果组合物还包含一种或多种如下成分,则更加有利,所述成分包括:维生素A、维生素E、生物素、铜(例如作为CuSO4)、锌(例如作为ZnSO4)、钴(例如作为CoSO4)、硒(例如作为Na2SeO3)、碘(例如作为KI)、锰(例如作为MnSO4)和/或钙(例如作为CaSO4)。
为了更好地说明本发明,提供如下非限制性实例。
实施例:加丽素红(Carophyll Red)(角黄素)和25-OH D3对蛋品新鲜度的影响
在产蛋母鸡的饲料中使用加丽素红和HyD的组合,能够提高蛋品的新鲜度的收获,这是由于其具有保持白蛋白(哈夫单位值)高度并提高卵黄膜强度的能力。这些结果从被设计用来测试母鸡生殖性能的试验来看是不可预料的。
哈夫单位:
在实验中,使用产蛋母鸡来测试(一种Red和的组合)的膳食包含物对其生产性能和壳质量的影响。将总计两百四十个Lohmann母鸡(年龄为60周)分配到10reps c/u的三批处理中。以包含8只鸡的笼子重复。虽然实验膳食包含大豆和小麦,但谷物的主要来源在一批又一批处理中改变。玉米(对照)或高粱(Sor)或添加(MC)的高粱。膳食是等热量的(2.75Mcal ME),等氮的(17.5%的粗蛋白质),并且具有相似水平的Ca、P、维生素和矿物质。MaxiChick提供每kg饲料中6mg和69mg角黄素/kg 25·OHD3。实验持续两个循环,每个循环28天。在实验期间,测量饲料摄入、蛋黄色素沉着(DSMYCF)、壳强度和哈夫单位。将数据进行方差分析,并通过Tukey检验(P<.05)来比较平均值。
表1中示出了从母鸡获得的生产性能数据。
无普通上标的平均值(每个重复10次)是不同的(P<0.05)。
在过去已经研究了大多数变量,并且结果得到预期,即本项目的二次研究目标是熟悉MaxiChick对后代的性能和质量的影响。在本研究中哈夫单位的差异是未预料到的,但是其与从使用MaxiChick的客户获得的言词证据相符。喂养MaxiChick的母鸡产下能够更长时间保持其新鲜度(较高的哈夫单位值)的蛋。
在不同的试验中,还察看了对肉鸡种鸡性能的影响,观察到另一个未预料的结果。通过使用使得卵黄膜强度得到增强。蛋黄的抗应力对行业来说是非常重要的,因此,我们所能做到的提高蛋黄抗应力的任何事情都受到蛋生产商的欢迎。
用每组3800只种鸡的四个组(两群x两批/群)进行实验。将四个组放置在装配有地板系统(1/3板条(slat),2/3褥草(litter))的产蛋房里。每批在21至60周年龄时记录畜牧业标准参数。每月评价一次平均蛋尺寸。在3个不同年龄时,即32、47和57周年龄的母鸡,进行蛋品质量测量、孵化测试和单日龄(individual day-old)小鸡性能。
在表2中示出了47周时测量的结果。事实上,卵黄膜更硬并且膜破裂力需要更大的力,这些事实与更强的卵黄膜有关,从而使得更容易将其被分离用于烘烤、烹饪和/或工业用途。
在这两个研究中,已经表明,角黄素和HyD的组合能够通过提高哈夫单位和蛋黄抗应力的方式提高蛋品的质量。这两个参数是评价蛋品的内部质量的关键。
Claims (6)
1.改善以哈夫单位表示的蛋品质量的方法,其包括给需要此处理的生蛋母鸡施用2ppm至100ppm用量的角黄素和10μg/kg至100μg/kg的至少一种维生素D代谢物,其中所述维生素D代谢物为25-羟基维生素D3,并且其中与采用除不含角黄素和25-羟基维生素D3外相同膳食相比,来自所述母鸡的蛋品的哈夫单位被显著提高。
2.改善以哈夫单位表示的蛋品质量的方法,其包括给需要此处理的生蛋母鸡施用2ppm至10ppm用量的角黄素和10μg/kg至100μg/kg的至少一种维生素D代谢物,其中所述维生素D代谢物为25-羟基维生素D3,并且其中与采用除不含角黄素和25-羟基维生素D3外相同膳食相比,来自所述母鸡的蛋品的哈夫单位被显著提高。
3.降低以哈夫单位表示的内部蛋品质量的恶化速率的方法,其包括向产蛋家禽母鸡喂养包含2ppm至100ppm的角黄素和10μg/kg至100μg/kg的至少一种维生素D代谢物的膳食,其中所述维生素D代谢物为25-羟基维生素D3,以使来自所述母鸡的蛋品在哈夫单位值方面的减小速率,与采用除不含角黄素和25-羟基维生素D3外相同膳食的相同条件下的这种减小速率相比,被显著地降低。
4.降低以哈夫单位表示的内部蛋品质量的恶化速率的方法,其包括向产蛋家禽母鸡喂养包含2ppm至10ppm的角黄素和10μg/kg至100μg/kg的至少一种维生素D代谢物的膳食,其中所述维生素D代谢物为25-羟基维生素D3,以使来自所述母鸡的蛋品在哈夫单位值方面的减小速率,与采用除不含角黄素和25-羟基维生素D3外相同膳食的相同条件下的这种减小速率相比,被显著地降低。
5.获得蛋品收获的方法,所述蛋品收获为以哈夫单位表示的内部蛋品质量恶化的速率降低的蛋品收获,所述方法包括:(i)向产蛋家禽喂养包含2ppm至100ppm的角黄素和10μg/kg至100μg/kg的至少一种维生素D代谢物的膳食,其中所述维生素D代谢物为25-羟基维生素D3,并且(ii)从中重新获得蛋品收获,其中蛋品在哈夫单位值方面的减小速率,与采用除不含角黄素和25-羟基维生素D3外相同膳食的相同条件下的这种减小速率相比,被显著地降低。
6.获得蛋品收获的方法,所述蛋品收获为以哈夫单位表示的内部蛋品质量恶化的速率降低的蛋品收获,所述方法包括:(i)向产蛋家禽喂养包含2ppm至10ppm的角黄素和10μg/kg至100μg/kg的至少一种维生素D代谢物的膳食,其中所述维生素D代谢物为25-羟基维生素D3,并且(ii)从中重新获得蛋品收获,其中蛋品在哈夫单位值方面的减小速率,与采用除不含角黄素和25-羟基维生素D3外相同膳食的相同条件下的这种减小速率相比,被显著地降低。
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EP0033197A2 (en) * | 1980-01-25 | 1981-08-05 | Yeda Research And Development Company, Ltd. | Method of improving the shell quality of poultry eggs |
US5043170A (en) * | 1989-02-14 | 1991-08-27 | Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. | Animal feed composition containing a vitamin D metabolite |
WO2011015651A1 (en) * | 2009-08-07 | 2011-02-10 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Use of canthaxanthin compounds |
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ES2709342T3 (es) | 2019-04-16 |
US20160128359A1 (en) | 2016-05-12 |
KR102411513B1 (ko) | 2022-06-22 |
WO2014202433A1 (en) | 2014-12-24 |
KR20160021241A (ko) | 2016-02-24 |
BR112015031428B1 (pt) | 2021-01-12 |
JP2019141064A (ja) | 2019-08-29 |
MX2015017431A (es) | 2016-03-31 |
KR20210117352A (ko) | 2021-09-28 |
JP2016521986A (ja) | 2016-07-28 |
US9596878B2 (en) | 2017-03-21 |
BR112015031428A2 (pt) | 2017-07-25 |
EP3010354A1 (en) | 2016-04-27 |
EP3010354B1 (en) | 2018-10-31 |
CN105377058A (zh) | 2016-03-02 |
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