CN105363490B - 一种用于co2环加成反应的离子型高分子催化剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种用于co2环加成反应的离子型高分子催化剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105363490B
CN105363490B CN201510657191.3A CN201510657191A CN105363490B CN 105363490 B CN105363490 B CN 105363490B CN 201510657191 A CN201510657191 A CN 201510657191A CN 105363490 B CN105363490 B CN 105363490B
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cycloaddition reaction
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CN105363490A (zh
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冷炎
卢丹
蒋平平
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Jiangnan University
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/02Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
    • B01J31/0277Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature
    • B01J31/0278Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature containing nitrogen as cationic centre
    • B01J31/0281Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature containing nitrogen as cationic centre the nitrogen being a ring member
    • B01J31/0284Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature containing nitrogen as cationic centre the nitrogen being a ring member of an aromatic ring, e.g. pyridinium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D317/00Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D317/08Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3
    • C07D317/10Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 not condensed with other rings
    • C07D317/32Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 not condensed with other rings with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D317/34Oxygen atoms
    • C07D317/36Alkylene carbonates; Substituted alkylene carbonates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D317/00Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D317/08Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3
    • C07D317/44Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D317/46Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems condensed with one six-membered ring
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2231/00Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
    • B01J2231/30Addition reactions at carbon centres, i.e. to either C-C or C-X multiple bonds
    • B01J2231/34Other additions, e.g. Monsanto-type carbonylations, addition to 1,2-C=X or 1,2-C-X triplebonds, additions to 1,4-C=C-C=X or 1,4-C=-C-X triple bonds with X, e.g. O, S, NH/N
    • B01J2231/3411,2-additions, e.g. aldol or Knoevenagel condensations

Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于CO2和环氧化合物环加成反应制备环碳酸酯的离子型高分子催化剂及其制备方法。采用四溴甲苯和4,4‑联吡啶为前驱体反应制得含有溴阴离子的离子型高分子催化剂,本发的优点在于,催化剂制备方法简便易于操作,生产成本低廉,催化活性和选择性高,催化剂可简单过滤回收和重复使用,可望成为极具竞争力的清洁环加成工艺路线。

Description

一种用于CO2环加成反应的离子型高分子催化剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种CO2和环氧化合物的环加成反应用新型固体催化剂的制备方法,采用四溴甲苯和4,4-联吡啶为前驱体制备离子型高分子固体催化剂TBB-Bpy,属于精细有机化工技术领域。
背景技术
二氧化碳(CO2)是一种无毒、廉价的气体,是储量丰富可再生的C1资源,但是大量CO2的排放导致温室效应的产生。将CO2通过有机合成的方法转化成多样的化学产品,既能实现CO2资源的有效利用,又可以减少其带来的温室效应影响。其中,CO2和环氧化合物通过环加成反应生成相应的环碳酸酯是重要的生物医药前体、非质子极性溶剂以及工程塑料的原料。因此,该反应成为CO2合成化学研究的热点。
目前,已经有众多催化体系用于CO2和环氧化合物的环加成反应,如金属配合物、碱金属卤化物、金属氧化物、离子液体以及其它催化剂等。各项研究结果表明,含卤素阴离子的离子液体对于CO2和环氧化合物的环加成反应具有很高的催化活性和选择性。然而,离子液体易导致均相催化体系,催化剂难以回收和重复使用。因此,开发能在温和条件下有效催化CO2环加成反应的催化剂,同时实现催化剂的有效分离和重复使用,现已引起众多科学研究者的兴趣。
为了解决上述问题,本发明以四溴甲苯和4,4-联吡啶为前驱体制得离子型高分子固体催化剂催化合成环碳酸酯,该法目前尚未见报道。
发明内容
本发明是针对离子液体催化剂在CO2和环氧化合物的环加成反应中存在的不足,提供一种工艺简单、操作简便的制备离子型高分子固体催化剂的方法,并将其应用于催化合成环碳酸酯,取得了良好的催化效果。
本发明的技术方案:以四溴甲苯和4,4-联吡啶为前驱体制备一种离子型高分子固体催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下过程:
将四溴甲苯和4,4-联吡啶按照摩尔比为1:1~1:3加入到20~50mL四氢呋喃溶剂中,室温搅拌0.5~2h后,将混合液转入水热反应釜中,在90~120℃中保持24~48h,过滤分离出黄色固体产物,用四氢呋喃洗涤三次,50~80℃下真空干燥8~24h,得到离子型高分子固体催化剂TBB-Bpy。
上述离子型高分子固体催化剂TBB-Bpy催化CO2环加成反应的应用,其特征在于:将环氧化合物和催化剂TBB-Bpy按照质量比为50:1~15:1加入到微型高压反应釜中,CO2压力为0.5~2MPa,在100~140℃搅拌反应3~12h,得到含有环碳酸酯产物的混合物。
上述的合成工艺,其特征在于,环氧化合物为环氧丙烷、环氧氯丙烷、环氧苯乙烯、环氧环己烷和烯丙基缩水甘油醚中的一种。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点是:催化剂制备简单、催化活性高、催化剂可以简单过滤回收和重复使用,催化剂重复使用6次,催化活性无明显降低。可望成为极具竞争力的CO2环加成反应清洁工艺路线。
附图说明
图1本发明制备的离子型高分子固体催化剂TBB-Bpy的扫描电镜图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例来对本发明加以进一步说明,但不限制本发明。
【实施例1】
将四溴甲苯和4,4-联吡啶按照摩尔比为1:2加入到30mL四氢呋喃溶剂中,室温搅拌1h后,将混合液转入水热反应釜中,在100℃中保持24h,过滤分离出黄色固体产物,用四氢呋喃洗涤三次,50℃下真空干燥8h,得到离子型高分子固体催化剂TBB-Bpy。
【实施例2】
将环氧丙烷和催化剂TBB-Bpy按照质量比为25:1加入到微型高压反应釜中,CO2压力为1MPa,在120℃搅拌反应4h,得到含有环碳酸酯产物的混合物。经气象色谱分析,环氧丙烷转化率为99%,环碳酸酯产物选择性为100%。
【实施例3】
将环氧氯丙烷和催化剂TBB-Bpy按照质量比为25:1加入到微型高压反应釜中,CO2压力为1MPa,在120℃搅拌反应4h,得到含有环碳酸酯产物的混合物。经气象色谱分析,环氧丙烷转化率为96%,环碳酸酯产物选择性为92%。
【实施例4】
将环氧苯乙烷和催化剂TBB-Bpy按照质量比为20:1加入到微型高压反应釜中,CO2压力为1MPa,在120℃搅拌反应4h,得到含有环碳酸酯产物的混合物。经气象色谱分析,环氧苯乙烷转化率为71%,环碳酸酯产物选择性为100%。
【实施例5】
将环氧环己烷和催化剂TBB-Bpy按照质量比为20:1加入到微型高压反应釜中,CO2压力为1MPa,在120℃搅拌反应12h,得到含有环碳酸酯产物的混合物。经气象色谱分析,环氧环己烷转化率为76%,环碳酸酯产物选择性为61%。
【实施例6】
将烯丙基缩水甘油醚和催化剂TBB-Bpy按照质量比为20:1加入到微型高压反应釜中,CO2压力为1MPa,在120℃搅拌反应4h,得到含有环碳酸酯产物的混合物。经气象色谱分析,烯丙基缩水甘油醚转化率为98%,环碳酸酯产物选择性为98%。
【实施例7】
固体催化剂的反复使用性能。
将环氧丙烷和催化剂TBB-Bpy按照质量比为25:1加入到微型高压反应釜中,CO2压力为1MPa,在120℃搅拌反应4h,反应结束后,过滤出固体催化剂,60℃干燥4h,将该催化剂再循环使用,所得反应性能如表1所示。
表1离子型聚合物催化剂催化环加成反应的结果

Claims (3)

1.一种用于CO2环加成反应的离子型高分子固体催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下过程:
将四溴甲苯和4,4-联吡啶按照摩尔比为1:1~1:3加入到20~50mL四氢呋喃溶剂中,室温搅拌0.5~2h后,将混合液转入水热反应釜中,在90~120℃中保持24~48h,过滤分离出黄色固体产物,用四氢呋喃洗涤三次,50~80℃下真空干燥8~24h,得到离子型高分子固体催化剂TBB-Bpy。
2.按权利要求1所述方法制备的离子型高分子固体催化剂TBB-Bpy催化CO2环加成反应的应用,其特征在于:将环氧化合物和催化剂TBB-Bpy按照质量比为50:1~15:1加入到微型高压反应釜中,CO2压力为0.5~2MPa,在100~140℃搅拌反应3~12h,得到含有环碳酸酯产物的混合物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于,环氧化合物为环氧丙烷、环氧氯丙烷、环氧苯乙烯、环氧环己烷和烯丙基缩水甘油醚中的一种。
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JPH04103561A (ja) * 1990-08-23 1992-04-06 Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd ジアルキルカーボネートの製造方法
CN101456810A (zh) * 2007-12-13 2009-06-17 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 一种酯交换反应合成脂肪酸酯的方法
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH04103561A (ja) * 1990-08-23 1992-04-06 Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd ジアルキルカーボネートの製造方法
CN101456810A (zh) * 2007-12-13 2009-06-17 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 一种酯交换反应合成脂肪酸酯的方法
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