CN105351942B - A kind of pyrolytic gasification waste incinerator using oxygen-enriched combustion technology - Google Patents

A kind of pyrolytic gasification waste incinerator using oxygen-enriched combustion technology Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105351942B
CN105351942B CN201510900766.XA CN201510900766A CN105351942B CN 105351942 B CN105351942 B CN 105351942B CN 201510900766 A CN201510900766 A CN 201510900766A CN 105351942 B CN105351942 B CN 105351942B
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oxygen
valve
firing chamber
dual firing
combustion
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CN105351942A (en
Inventor
张世红
廖新杰
潘浩
刘英鹏
邵敬爱
王贤华
杨海平
陈汉平
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
    • F23G5/165Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber arranged at a different level
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50Control or safety arrangements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23LSUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L7/00Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
    • F23L7/007Supplying oxygen or oxygen-enriched air
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of pyrolytic gasification waste incinerator using oxygen-enriched combustion technology, including oxygen preparation unit, oxygen injection unit and incinerator main unit;Oxygen injection unit, it is connected with the oxygen preparation unit and incinerator main unit, it includes booster fan, shut-off valve and two oxygen flux control devices, and each oxygen flux control device includes flowmeter, regulating valve, shut-off valve, mixer and air feed wind turbine;The shut-off valve is connected with flow meters respectively;Incinerator main unit, including furnace body and smoke eliminator are burned, the burning furnace body includes the first combustion room, dual firing chamber and partition plate.The present invention can be solved effectively since oxygen content is low in air or ignition temperature caused by refuse thermal value is low is low, efficiency of combustion, and pollutant emission is not up to standard the problems such as.

Description

A kind of pyrolytic gasification waste incinerator using oxygen-enriched combustion technology
Technical field
The invention belongs to incinerator field, more particularly, to a kind of pyrolytic gasification rubbish using oxygen-enriched combustion technology Incinerator.
Background technology
In recent years, as the living standard of economic fast development and people gradually steps up, the house refuse problem in China Increasingly severe, many large- and-medium size cities are faced with the predicament of " garbage-surrounded city ", moreover, some small county town, small towns, stockaded villages And similarly there is the problem of domestic rubbish disposal in tourist spot.The most important two kinds of trash processing way in China are to fill out at present Bury and burn, composting method is more demanding to component of refuse and content of organics, thus less use.Landfill method technique is simple, throws It is low to provide cost, large-scale application has been obtained in China, but it is more and more rare recently as China's land resource, and selection is suitable Landfill factory factory site also become difficult, no longer, in addition percolate caused by landfill and landfill gas be also for the economic sexual clorminance of landfill method Soil and air can be caused seriously to pollute.Waste incineration due to its is innoxious, minimizing and recycling effect preferably etc. advantage It is increasingly becoming the new trend of China's garbage disposal.
Pyrolyzing, gasifying and incinerating technology is a kind of incineration treatment of garbage technology emerging in recent years.Using the incinerator of the technology Mainly by compositions such as combustion fan, burner, the first combustion room, dual firing chamber.The technology exhaust gas volumn is few, device structure is compact, combustion It is easily controllable to burn temperature, further, since the first combustion room is in anaerobic condition, Cu, Fe, Al in rubbish etc. is not easy to be aoxidized, and subtracts The generation for the catalyst for promoting bioxin generation is lacked.
At present, following problem is still had for actual conditions, the technology:
1) when, handling the higher rubbish of water content, practical operation situation is not ideal.China's house refuse complicated component, Water content is high, calorific value is low, and the flammable gas calorific value produced after refuse pyrolysis is relatively low and unstable, the burning only by combustible gas, and second Combustion room temperature is difficult to be maintained at higher temperature, generally requires to put into the auxiliary fuels such as substantial amounts of diesel oil in real process, makes operation Cost greatly increases.
2), conventional pyrolysis incinerator when highlands is run since the anoxic above problem can be more serious.Plateau Oxygen content is low in regional air, and in order to ensure completely burned, it is necessary to blast compared to the more air in plains region, this can make The temperature of dual firing chamber substantially reduces, it is difficult to ensures the decomposition of the harmful substances such as bioxin.
The content of the invention
For the disadvantages described above or Improvement requirement of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of heat using oxygen-enriched combustion technology Solution gasification waste incinerator, it can greatly reduce exhaust gas volumn, be beneficial to the simplification of follow-up smoke processing system, reduce Cost of investment and operating cost, while it is also beneficial to the miniaturization of equipment.
To achieve the above object, it is proposed, according to the invention, provide and a kind of burnt using the pyrolytic gasification rubbish of oxygen-enriched combustion technology Burn stove, it is characterised in that including oxygen preparation unit, oxygen injection unit and incinerator main unit, wherein,
Oxygen preparation unit, is noted for producing oxygen rich gas and the oxygen rich gas of generation being accessed the oxygen by pipeline Enter unit;
Oxygen injection unit, is connected with the oxygen preparation unit and incinerator main unit, for burn furnace main body Oxygen rich gas is injected, it includes booster fan, shut-off valve and two oxygen flux control devices, and each oxygen flux control device is equal Including flowmeter, regulating valve, shut-off valve, mixer and air feed wind turbine, wherein, the flowmeter be sequentially connected the regulating valve and Shut-off valve, the mixer include entrance I, entrance II and outlet, the shut-off valve and connect the incinerator main unit respectively With the entrance I of the mixer, the entrance II of the mixer is connected with the air feed wind turbine and the outlet of the mixer It is connected with the incinerator main unit;
The shut-off valve is connected with flow meters respectively;
Incinerator main unit, including furnace body and smoke eliminator are burned, the burning furnace body includes the first combustion Room, dual firing chamber and partition plate, wherein, the first combustion room and dual firing chamber are separated by the partition plate, so that the first combustion room Through hole is provided with the lower section of dual firing chamber, the partition plate, so that the first combustion room is connected with dual firing chamber, the dual firing chamber Top be connected by flue with smoke eliminator, for purification dual firing chamber produce flue gas;
In addition, the outlet of the mixer of one of oxygen flux control device and shut-off valve are connected with the first combustion room, The mixer outlet and shut-off valve of another oxygen flux control device are connected with dual firing chamber.
Preferably, the oxygen preparation unit passes through any one production in membrane separation process, pressure swing adsorption method or Deep Cooling Method Raw oxygen rich gas.
Preferably, each oxygen flux control device further includes diffusion valve, the diffusion valve be arranged at the regulating valve and Between the shut-off valve.
Preferably, spoiler is additionally provided with the dual firing chamber, for improving the second indoor turbulivity of combustion, extends flue gas Residence time, promote the decomposition of bioxin.
Preferably, the first combustion room and dual firing chamber are 30 for the equivalent proportion of oxygen rich gas consumption:60~30: 80。
Preferably, the excess air coefficient of the dual firing chamber is 1.3~1.5.
Preferably, rubbish is injected when pyrolytic gasification produces fuel gas in the environment of the first combustion room anoxic by oxygen Unit injects oxygen rich gas into the first combustion room and dual firing chamber, to improve the calorific value for the fuel gas that the first combustion room produces and make The ignition temperature of dual firing chamber maintains more than 1100 DEG C, ensures that fuel gas fully burns in the second combustion interior, finally by Smoke eliminator is discharged.
In general, by the contemplated above technical scheme of the present invention compared with prior art, it can obtain down and show Beneficial effect:
1) present invention, by noting oxygen to the first combustion room, reduces entrance when handling the rubbish that water content is high, calorific value is relatively low The nitrogen amount of first combustion room, improves the calorific value of combustible gas so that the second indoor combustion conditions of combustion are improved, and then can be with The consumption of auxiliary fuel is reduced, reduces operating cost.
2) present invention is by that toward oxygen is noted in dual firing chamber, can be improved the second combustion indoor temperature, be conducive to flammable The decomposition of the harmful substances such as the abundant burning He bioxin of gas, reduces waste incineration pollution on the environment.In addition, the second combustion After the note oxygen of room, excess air coefficient reduces, and exhaust gas volumn will greatly reduce, and be beneficial to the simplification of follow-up smoke processing system, Cost of investment and operating cost are reduced, while is also beneficial to the miniaturization of equipment.
3) present invention can be in the weather of highlands anoxic using the pyrolytic gasification waste incinerator of oxygen-enriched combustion technology Under the conditions of normal operation, can effectively solve due in air oxygen content it is low caused by efficiency of combustion is low, ignition temperature is low, pollution The problems such as thing discharge is not up to standard.
4) present invention can solve high-moisture using oxygen-enriched combustion technology, high ash content waste of low heating value burns unstable ask Topic;Using oxygen-enriched combustion technology conventional spam incinerator can be made to reach the discharge standard of higher.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of the present invention
Fig. 2 is the enlarged drawing at A in Fig. 1.
Embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, it is right The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and It is not used in the restriction present invention.As long as in addition, technical characteristic involved in each embodiment of invention described below Not forming conflict each other can be mutually combined.
With reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, a kind of pyrolytic gasification waste incinerator using oxygen-enriched combustion technology, it is characterised in that including Oxygen preparation unit 1, oxygen injection unit 2 and incinerator main unit 3, wherein,
Oxygen preparation unit 1, it is used to produce oxygen rich gas and the oxygen rich gas of generation is injected the oxygen by pipeline Gas injection unit 2;
Oxygen injection unit 2, it is connected with the oxygen preparation unit 1 and the incinerator main unit 3, for burning Furnace main body injection oxygen rich gas is burnt, it includes booster fan 21,22 and two oxygen flux control device of shut-off valve, each oxygen stream Amount control device includes flowmeter 23, regulating valve 24, shut-off valve 26, mixer 27 and air feed wind turbine 28, wherein, the flow Meter 23 is sequentially connected the regulating valve 24 and shut-off valve 26, and the mixer 27 includes entrance I, entrance II and exports, described section Only valve 26 connects the entrance I and incinerator main unit 3 of the mixer 27 respectively, the entrance II of the mixer 27 with it is described Air feed wind turbine 28 connects and the outlet of the mixer 27 is connected with the incinerator main unit 3;Preferably, each oxygen Volume control device further includes diffusion valve 25, and the diffusion valve 25 is arranged between the regulating valve and the shut-off valve 26.
The shut-off valve 22 is connected with flow meters 23 respectively;
Incinerator main unit 3, including furnace body and smoke eliminator 33 are burned, the burning furnace body includes first Room 31, dual firing chamber 32 and partition plate are fired, the first combustion room 31 and dual firing chamber 32 are separated by the partition plate, so that first Combustion room 31 is provided with through hole on the lower section of dual firing chamber 32, the partition plate, for making the first combustion room 31 and dual firing chamber 32 Connection, the smoke eliminator 33 is connected by flue with the top of dual firing chamber 32, for purifying dual firing chamber 32 flue gases produced, in addition, the outlet of mixer 27 of one of oxygen flux control device and shut-off valve 26 are fired with first Room 31 connects, and the outlet of mixer 27 of another oxygen flux control device and shut-off valve 26 are connected with dual firing chamber 32.
Further, the oxygen preparation unit 1 passes through any one production in membrane separation process, pressure swing adsorption method or Deep Cooling Method Raw oxygen rich gas.
Preferably, spoiler is additionally provided with the dual firing chamber 32, for improving the turbulivity in dual firing chamber 32, extended The pollutant such as the residence time of flue gas, Shi bioxin decomposes complete.
Further, the excess air coefficient of the dual firing chamber 32 is 1.3~1.5.
Further, rubbish is noted when pyrolytic gasification produces fuel gas in the environment of the first combustion 31 anoxic of room by oxygen Enter unit 2 and inject oxygen rich gas into the first combustion room 31 and dual firing chamber 32, to improve the fuel gas that the first combustion room 31 produces Calorific value and the ignition temperature of dual firing chamber 32 is maintained more than 1100 DEG C, ensure fuel gas in dual firing chamber 32 fully Burning, is discharged finally by smoke eliminator 33.
Oxygen preparation unit 1 provides the oxygen rich gas of certain oxygen concentration by UF membrane, pressure-variable adsorption or Deep Cooling Method.
Its basic structure of oxygen injection unit 2 as shown in Fig. 2, be mainly used for adjust the flow of oxygen rich gas, oxygen concentration and Pressure, and it is injected separately into the first combustion room 31 of incinerator, dual firing chamber 32.
The mode of oxygen rich gas injection burner hearth is divided into following two in the present invention:
1) for the relatively low oxygen rich gas of oxygen concentration, the first combustion room can directly be passed through after the pressurization of booster fan 21 31st, 32 note oxygen pipeline of dual firing chamber is injected separately into the combustion of incinerator first room 31, dual firing chamber 32, while can cancel the first combustion Room 31, the injection of 32 combustion air of dual firing chamber;
2) for the higher oxygen rich gas of oxygen concentration, booster fan 21 be first injected separately into after pressurizeing to the first combustion room 31, 32 air supply line of dual firing chamber, is respectively fed to the first combustion room 31, dual firing chamber again after uniformly being mixed by a certain percentage with combustion air 32。
The first combustion room 31 of the present invention, the combustion air of dual firing chamber 32 are provided by two frequency conversion fans 28 respectively, in note oxygen Pipeline and the first combustion room 31, junction of 32 air supply line of dual firing chamber are also equipped with mixer 27, ensure oxygen rich gas with it is combustion-supporting The uniform mixing of wind.
Flowmeter 23 and regulating valve 24 are housed on pipeline, for noting the adjusting of oxygen amount in the present invention.To ensure system peace Entirely, shut-off valve 22 is housed in oxygen main pipe, shut-off valve 26 and diffusion valve 25 are housed on note oxygen pipeline, during for emergency The rapid injection for stopping oxygen rich gas simultaneously diffuses oxygen rich gas remaining in pipeline.In incinerator operational process, oxygen rich air The consumption of body is based on dual firing chamber 32, supplemented by the first combustion room 31, the consumption of oxygen rich gas in the first combustion room 31, dual firing chamber 32 The ratio between amount is 30:60~30:80, it is preferably 30:70.
During work, pyrolytic gasification produces fuel gas, fuel gas to rubbish first in the environment of the first combustion 31 anoxic of room Subsequently enter dual firing chamber 32 fully to burn, the flue gas of generation discharges after the processing of smoke eliminator 33.As the present invention's Improve, inject oxygen rich gas into the first combustion room 31 and reduce blasting for nitrogen, improve the calorific value of combustible gas, reduce auxiliary fuel Consumption;Oxygen rich gas overheavy firing process is injected toward dual firing chamber 32, improves incineration temperature, ensures the harmful substances such as bioxin Thoroughly decompose, reduce waste incineration pollution on the environment.Spoiler is additionally provided with dual firing chamber 32, for improving the second combustion Turbulivity in room 32, extends the harmful substance such as the residence time of flue gas, Shi bioxin and decomposes completely.Incinerator is in operational process In first combustion room 31,32 incineration temperature of dual firing chamber control by automatic control system by adjusting combustion air amount, oxygen rich air The scale of construction and auxiliary fuel consumption realize, wherein first combustion 31 temperature of room maintains 500~600 DEG C, dual firing chamber 32 it is excessive empty Gas coefficient is preferably 1.3~1.5, is still more preferably 1.4 or so, temperature maintains more than 1100 DEG C.
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, not to The limitation present invention, all any modification, equivalent and improvement made within the spirit and principles of the invention etc., should all include Within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of pyrolytic gasification waste incinerator using oxygen-enriched combustion technology, it is characterised in that including oxygen preparation unit, oxygen Gas injection unit and incinerator main unit, wherein,
Oxygen preparation unit, injects list for producing oxygen rich gas and the oxygen rich gas of generation being accessed the oxygen by pipeline Member;
Oxygen injection unit, is connected with the oxygen preparation unit and incinerator main unit, for being injected to burning furnace main body Oxygen rich gas, it includes booster fan, shut-off valve and two oxygen flux control devices, and each oxygen flux control device includes Flowmeter, regulating valve, shut-off valve, mixer and air feed wind turbine, wherein, the flowmeter is sequentially connected the regulating valve and cut-off Valve, the mixer include entrance I, entrance II and outlet, the shut-off valve and connect the incinerator main unit and institute respectively The entrance I of mixer is stated, the entrance II of the mixer is connected with the air feed wind turbine and the outlet of the mixer and institute State the connection of incinerator main unit;
The shut-off valve is connected with flow meters respectively;
Incinerator main unit, including burn furnace body and smoke eliminator, the burning furnace body include the first combustion room, the Dual firing chamber and partition plate, wherein, the first combustion room and dual firing chamber are separated by the partition plate, so that the first combustion room is second The lower section of room is fired, through hole is provided with the partition plate, so that the first combustion room is connected with dual firing chamber, the top of the dual firing chamber It is connected by flue with smoke eliminator, the flue gas produced for purification dual firing chamber;
In addition, the outlet of the mixer of one of oxygen flux control device and shut-off valve are connected with the first combustion room, it is another The mixer outlet and shut-off valve of a oxygen flux control device are connected with dual firing chamber;
During work, pyrolytic gasification produces fuel gas to rubbish first in the environment of the first combustion room anoxic, and fuel gas is with laggard Enter dual firing chamber, toward dual firing chamber's injection oxygen rich gas overheavy firing process, improve incineration temperature, ensure the nuisances such as bioxin The thorough decomposition of matter, makes fuel gas fully burn, in addition, after dual firing chamber's note oxygen, excess air coefficient reduces, and exhaust gas volumn will Greatly reducing, the flue gas of generation discharges after smoke eliminator is handled, wherein the first combustion room temperature maintains 500~600 DEG C, Second combustion room temperature maintains more than 1100 DEG C, and the excess air coefficient of dual firing chamber is 1.3~1.5;
The first combustion room and dual firing chamber are 30 for the equivalent proportion of oxygen rich gas consumption:60~30:80.
A kind of 2. pyrolytic gasification waste incinerator using oxygen-enriched combustion technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that The oxygen preparation unit produces oxygen rich gas by any one in membrane separation process, pressure swing adsorption method or Deep Cooling Method.
A kind of 3. pyrolytic gasification waste incinerator using oxygen-enriched combustion technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that Each oxygen flux control device further includes diffusion valve, and the diffusion valve is arranged between the regulating valve and the shut-off valve.
A kind of 4. pyrolytic gasification waste incinerator using oxygen-enriched combustion technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that Spoiler is additionally provided with the dual firing chamber, for improving the second indoor turbulivity of combustion, extends the residence time of flue gas, promotes The decomposition of bioxin.
CN201510900766.XA 2015-12-08 2015-12-08 A kind of pyrolytic gasification waste incinerator using oxygen-enriched combustion technology Active CN105351942B (en)

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CN106402902A (en) * 2016-09-18 2017-02-15 昆明理工大学 Method for incinerating dangerous solid wastes by utilizing high-concentration oxygen
CN110006055B (en) * 2019-03-27 2024-06-07 湖南大学 Double-unit garbage gasification incinerator and garbage treatment method
CN110102563A (en) * 2019-06-06 2019-08-09 云南简澜环保科技有限公司 Recycling tail gas type ultralow temperature thermal cracking domestic garbage treating system and technique
CN111853801A (en) * 2020-07-28 2020-10-30 山东百川同创能源有限公司 Garbage pyrolysis gasification incineration system and technology
CN113237063A (en) * 2021-06-02 2021-08-10 中国铁建重工集团股份有限公司 Waste incineration equipment
CN114593425B (en) * 2022-03-11 2024-06-18 合肥工业大学 Pyrolysis gas tail gas treatment secondary combustion chamber device and pyrolysis gas tail gas treatment method

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