CN105343661A - 一种疏肝利湿的积雪草口服液及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种疏肝利湿的积雪草口服液及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种疏肝利湿的积雪草口服液,包括以下重量份数的原料药:积雪草10~50份,茯苓10~20份,佛手10~20份,冬瓜皮10~20份,忍冬藤10~20份,车前子10~20份,瞿麦10~20份,薏仁10~20份,秦皮10~20份,白茅根10~20份,天花粉10~20份,贯众10~20份,白术10~20份,黄芩10~20份,连翘10~20份,夏枯草10~20份,苍术10~20份。本发明选取清火除湿的中药,宣疏化湿以散热配方中可加入泻火解毒、宣疏清化的成分。通利化湿以泄热,根据渗湿于热下之理,使湿热从二便中排泄出来。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及含有来源于植物组份的疏肝利湿的保健品,特别涉及一种疏肝利湿的积雪草口服液及其制备方法。
背景技术
看中医时,我们常会听医生说“湿热”。那么,什么是湿热,湿热有哪些表现,应注意什么问题呢?要明白湿热,先应了解什么叫湿,什么叫热。所谓湿,即通常所说的水湿,它有外湿和内湿的区分。外湿是由于气候潮湿或涉水淋雨或居室潮湿,使外来水湿入侵人体而引起;内湿是一种病理产物,常与消化功能有关。中医认为脾有“运化水湿”的功能,若体虚消化不良或暴饮暴食,吃过多油腻、甜食,则脾就不能正常运化而使“水湿内停”;且脾虚的人也易招来外湿的入侵,外湿也常因阻脾胃使湿从内生,所以两者是既独立又关联的。所谓热,则是一种热象。而湿热中的热是与湿同时存在的,或因夏秋季节天热湿重,湿与热合并入侵人体,或因湿久留不除而化热,或因“阳热体质”而使湿“从阳化热”,因此,湿与热同时存在是很常见的。湿热体质面部和鼻尖总是油光发亮,易生粉刺、疮疖,常感到口苦、口臭或嘴里有异味,经常大便粘滞不爽,小便有发热感,尿色发黄,女性常带下色黄,男性阴囊总是潮湿多汗。发病倾向:湿热体质的人易患疮疖、黄疸、火热病等征。
湿热的一般表现为:肢体沉重,发热多在午后明显,并不因出汗而减轻;舌苔黄腻,脉数。具体表现因湿热所在不同的部位而有差别:在皮肉则为湿疹或疔疱;在关节筋脉则局部肿痛。但通常所说的湿热多指湿热深入脏腑,特别是脾胃的湿热,可见脘闷腹满,恶心厌食,便溏稀,尿短赤,脉濡数;其它如肝胆湿热表现为肝区胀痛,口苦食欲差,或身目发黄,或发热怕冷交替,脉弦数;膀胱湿热见尿频、尿急,涩少而痛,色黄浊;大肠湿热见腹痛腹泻,甚至里急后重,泻下脓血便,肛门灼热、口渴。
湿热的治疗,一般要分湿重还是热重。湿重的化湿为主,可选用六一散、三仁汤、平胃散;热重以清热为主,可选用连朴饮、茵陈蒿汤、葛根芩连汤。在这一原则下,再根据某些特殊表现选择相应的药,如湿疹、疔疱,加野菊花、地丁草、苦参、白藓皮;关节肿痛加桂枝、忍冬藤、桑枝等;腹泻甚至痢疾加白头翁汤、地榆、车前子等;阴囊湿疹、睾丸胀痛、白带黄臭可加龙胆草、苦参等;血尿可加小蓟草、茅根、石苇、扁蓄等。此外,因热往往依附湿而存在,所以,应注意起居环境的改善和饮食调理,不宜暴饮暴食、酗酒,少吃甜食。
适应能力:湿热体质的人对湿环境或气温偏高,尤其夏末秋初,湿热交蒸气候较难适应。形成原因:1、先天禀赋。2、嗜烟酒的,经常熬夜的。这种人外形不好看,齿黑,舌苔黄腻,满嘴口气,身上味道也大。长期带下色黄,下体异味很大,白带多黄。如果你抽烟喝酒又熬夜,那你注定是个湿热体质。3、滋补不当:如吃很多银耳燕窝冬虫夏草。乌鸡白凤丸等,这样的滋补不当、滋补过度会催生或者加重这种体质。4、长期情绪压抑,借酒浇愁。5、长期生活在湿热环境下,比如广东。亚健康状态特别多见于湿热体质。症状表现:湿热质人的型体特征:形体偏胖或消瘦;常有表现:面垢油光、多有痤疮粉刺、常感口干口苦、眼睛红赤、心烦懈怠、身重困倦、小便赤短、大便燥结或黏滞、男性多有阴囊潮湿、女性常有带下增多。病时上述征象加重;舌象:舌质偏红怠黄腻;脉象:多见滑数;心理特征:性情急躁、容易发怒;适应能力:不能耐受湿热环境。常见的皮肤病:痤疮、湿疹、银屑病、汗疱疹,湿癣、脂溢性皮炎、酒糟鼻等。
调养法则:调体方法:分消湿浊,清泄伏火。调体要点:一,宣疏化湿以散热:中医认为“火郁发之”,就是说体内火邪郁滞,要想办法把火发出来,配方中可加入泻火解毒、宣疏清化的成分。二,通利化湿以泄热,根据渗湿于热下之理,使湿热从二便中排泄出来。在疏肝利湿同时佐以通利之白茅根、淡竹叶、薏苡仁、决明子,使热从下泄。
积雪草,为多年生匍匐草本。别名:十八缺、崩大碗、马蹄草、雷公根、蚶壳草、铜钱草、老虎草、落得打等。生于阴湿荒地、村旁、路边、水沟边。茎伏地,节上生根。叶互生,叶柄长;叶片圆形或肾形,直径2~4厘米。清热利湿,消肿解毒。治痧气腹痛,暑泻,痢疾,湿热黄疸,砂淋,血淋,吐、衄、咳血,目赤,喉肿,风疹,疥癣,疔痈肿毒,跌打损伤。
药理作用:对中枢神经作用
其中所含的甙对小鼠、大鼠有镇静、安定作用,此作用主要是对中枢神经系统中的胆碱能系统的影响。醇提取物无镇痛作用。
对皮肤组织的作用
积雪草甙能治疗皮肤溃疡,如顽固性创伤、皮肤结核、麻风等。对小鼠,豚鼠、兔肌肉注射或皮下植入可促进皮肤生长,局部白细胞增多、结缔组织盘管网增生、粘液分泌增加、毛及尾的生长加速等。曾有报告用含积雪草0.25~1%醇提取物(含积雪草酸、积雪草甙)的乳霜剂(其中尚含胚胎的或年幼的牛、猪或羊皮肤、肝、脑的水醇提取物)治疗皮肤病,获良好效果。
美容作用
积雪草具有清热解毒,利湿消肿、滋补、消炎、镇定的作用。能刺激深层皮肤细胞更替。积雪草可以紧致表皮与真皮连接部分,能使皮肤变柔软,有助于解决皮肤松弛现象,使皮肤光滑有弹性;促进真皮层中胶原蛋白形成,使纤维蛋白再生,重新连接起来,使肌肤达到紧致光滑的效果。还可帮助受损的组织愈合及紧实肌肤。既能促进表皮与真皮之间的密切连接,又能抑制脂肪细胞的增加,防止皮肤水肿、出现肥胖。
积雪草适用于各种肤质,其幼芽的水提取物具有抗菌消炎的作用,其属双子叶植物伞形科,能消肿解毒祛脓疮。
抗菌作用
幼芽的水提取物有抗菌作用。积雪草甙能治疗麻风,有人认为其作用为溶解细菌的蜡膜,从而被其他药物或机体防御机能所消灭。
其他作用
醇提取物能松弛大鼠离体回肠。甙部分能降低家兔及大鼠离体回肠的张力及收缩幅度,并能轻度抑制乙酰胆碱的作用。对麻醉犬,静脉注射可轻度兴奋呼吸,心率变慢及中度的降低血压,后二者不能被阿托品阻断。
现在城市节奏加快,针对都市上班族普遍使用电脑办公久视,烟酒无度,夜生活不节制、熬夜、过度用眼总得不到缓解等亚健康行为,针对现代人易生粉刺、疮疖,常感到口苦、口臭或嘴里有异味,经常大便粘滞不爽,小便有发热感,尿色发黄,女性常带下色黄,男性阴囊总是潮湿多汗。湿热体质的人易患疮疖、黄疸、火热病等征,本发明选取清火除湿的中药,宣疏化湿以散热:中医认为“火郁发之”,就是说体内火邪郁滞,要想办法把火发出来,配方中可加入泻火解毒、宣疏清化的成分。通利化湿以泄热,根据渗湿于热下之理,使湿热从二便中排泄出来。在疏肝利湿同时佐以通利之白茅根、淡竹叶、薏苡仁、决明子,使热从下泄。。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于,本发明针对都市上班族普遍使用电脑办公久视,烟酒无度,夜生活不节制、熬夜、过度用眼总得不到缓解等亚健康行为,针对现代人易生粉刺、疮疖,常感到口苦、口臭或嘴里有异味,经常大便粘滞不爽,小便有发热感,尿色发黄,女性常带下色黄,男性阴囊总是潮湿多汗。湿热体质的人易患疮疖、黄疸、火热病等征,本发明选取清火除湿的中药,宣疏化湿以散热。且服用中药比较麻烦,口感不佳,不宜长期服用,效果也不一定理想。中医认为“火郁发之”,就是说体内火邪郁滞,要想办法把火发出来,配方中可加入泻火解毒、宣疏清化的成分。通利化湿以泄热,根据渗湿于热下之理,使湿热从二便中排泄出来。在疏肝利湿同时佐以通利之白茅根、淡竹叶、薏苡仁、决明子,使热从下泄。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种疏肝利湿的积雪草口服液,其特征在于,所述积雪草口服液中包括以下重量份数的原料药:积雪草10~50份,茯苓10~20份,佛手10~20份,冬瓜皮10~20份,忍冬藤10~20份,车前子10~20份,瞿麦10~20份,薏仁10~20份,秦皮10~20份,白茅根10~20份,天花粉10~20份,贯众10~20份,白术10~20份,黄芩10~20份,连翘10~20份,夏枯草10~20份,苍术10~20份。
所述疏肝利湿的积雪草口服液,其所述积雪草口服液中可以包括以下重量份数的原料药:积雪草10~40份,茯苓10~15份,佛手10~15份,冬瓜皮10~15份,忍冬藤10~15份,车前子10~15份,瞿麦10~15份,薏仁10~15份,秦皮10~15份,白茅根10~20份,天花粉10~20份,贯众10~20份,白术10~20份,黄芩10~20份,连翘10~20份,夏枯草10~20份,苍术10~20份。
所述疏肝利湿的积雪草口服液,其所述积雪草口服液中还可以包括以下重量份数的原料药:积雪草10~50份,茯苓10~20份,佛手10~20份,冬瓜皮10~20份,忍冬藤10~20份,车前子10~20份,瞿麦10~20份,薏仁10~20份,秦皮10~20份,白茅根10~15份,天花粉10~15份,贯众10~15份,白术10~15份,黄芩10~15份,连翘10~15份,夏枯草10~15份,苍术10~15份。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明还提供一种所述疏肝利湿的积雪草口服液的制备方法,其所述口服液的制备步骤包括:
a.积雪草的制备,作为组分1;
b.将所述其余原料药放入乙醇中加热回流提取2次,作为组分2;
c.将上述两种提取液组分1和组分2合并,浓缩后加糊精调和,消毒杀菌后制备成保健口服液剂。
所述步骤a中,可以在春夏期间采摘积雪草,洗净晾晒好,将其浸泡水中12小时,然后放入提取罐加热煮沸1小时,过滤,滤液备用;滤渣加水,第二次加热,煮沸45分钟,过滤,滤液备用;滤渣再加水,第三次加热煮沸半小时,过滤;将三次滤液合在一起,用纱布过滤,残渣中加入50-60%乙醇,60℃-70℃继续浸提2h,每10min搅拌一次,纱布过滤,合并浸提液,成组分1备用。
所述步骤b中,可以将上述其余原料泡入10倍量乙醇中,加热提取2次,每次1-2小时,去上清液,合并提取液,100-120目滤过,再经截流分子量为5000-10000的超滤柱超滤,超滤液减压浓缩相对密度为80℃时1.06的浸膏,加热浓缩至膏状,静置备用,成组分2。
所述步骤c中,可以将组分1和组分2合并后,置入双效真空浓缩器中,浓缩至90℃时相对密度为1.36的浓缩液,置0~5℃低温冷藏24小时;将冷藏液加0.3%的助滤剂硅藻土,过滤,滤液再置入双效真空浓缩器中,浓缩至每1ml含0.1g生药量;浓缩后的膏剂加糊精调和,紫外线消毒杀菌后装瓶。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明也提供一种所述疏肝利湿的积雪草口服液的制备方法,其制备步骤还可以为:
a.积雪草的萃取,作为组分1;
b.将所述其余原料药加乙醇浸泡、提取3次作为组分2;
c.将组分1和组分2混合,浓缩后加适量蜂胶调和,紫外线消毒杀菌后装瓶。
所述步骤a中,可以取采摘好的积雪草切碎,泡入5-10倍量的乙醇中,将药粉置有盖不锈钢桶内,加70%乙醇液,质量为粗粉的0.8-1倍,搅拌均匀,湿润密闭放置1小时以上,使充分膨胀;将渗漉筒底部滤板用纱布袋包裹铺平后再将湿润膨胀后的药物样品拌松弄散,然后用不锈钢勺盛粉,均匀的装入渗漉筒,装10-12厘米厚,用T型棒压匀,再按上述操作,一层一层的装入,适当加压,药粉填装不得超过渗漉筒的2/3高处;药粉面上盖不锈钢孔板压牢,打开渗漉筒下面的放料阀,并放一容器,然后缓缓加入70%乙醇液;待排出药粉粉粒之间的空气,并有乙醇流出约20L左右,关闭放料阀,盖上漉筒、浸渍24小时,然后开放料阀进行渗漉,控制渗漉速度一般为1000g药材每分钟流出2~3ml,滤液放入贮液缸内,并将排空时的乙醇液倒入贮液缸;将渗滤液合并静置。加热浓缩至膏状,静置备用,成组分1。
所述步骤b中,可以将所述其余原料放入5-10倍量乙醇中,浸泡1-2小时,加热提取2次,每次1-2小时,去上清液,合并提取液,100-120目滤过,将2次提取液合并静置,减压回收乙醇,并浓缩至药液浓度为0.6g生药/mL,抽滤后,滤液的相对密度约为20℃时1.08;减压至0.03-0.08MPa,温度保持在60-80℃,浓缩至相对密度为1.20,温度至60℃-70℃的浸膏,作为组分2。
本发明针对都市上班族普遍使用电脑办公久视,烟酒无度,夜生活不节制、熬夜、过度用眼总得不到缓解等亚健康行为,针对现代人易生粉刺、疮疖,常感到口苦、口臭或嘴里有异味,经常大便粘滞不爽,小便有发热感,尿色发黄,女性常带下色黄,男性阴囊总是潮湿多汗。湿热体质的人易患疮疖、黄疸、火热病等征,本发明选取清火除湿的中药,宣疏化湿以散热:中医认为“火郁发之”,就是说体内火邪郁滞,要想办法把火发出来,配方中可加入泻火解毒、宣疏清化的成分。通利化湿以泄热,根据渗湿于热下之理,使湿热从二便中排泄出来。在疏肝利湿同时佐以通利之白茅根、淡竹叶、薏苡仁、决明子,使热从下泄。
具体实施方式
湿热的治疗,一般要分湿重还是热重。湿重的化湿为主,可选用六一散、三仁汤、平胃散;热重以清热为主,可选用连朴饮、茵陈蒿汤、葛根芩连汤。在这一原则下,再根据某些特殊表现选择相应的药,如湿疹、疔疱,加野菊花、地丁草、苦参、白藓皮;关节肿痛加桂枝、忍冬藤、桑枝等;腹泻甚至痢疾加白头翁汤、地榆、车前子等;阴囊湿疹、睾丸胀痛、白带黄臭可加龙胆草、苦参等;血尿可加小蓟草、茅根、石苇、扁蓄等。此外,因热往往依附湿而存在,所以,应注意起居环境的改善和饮食调理,不宜暴饮暴食、酗酒,少吃甜食。
调养法则:调体方法:分消湿浊,清泄伏火。调体要点:一,宣疏化湿以散热:中医认为“火郁发之”,就是说体内火邪郁滞,要想办法把火发出来,配方中可加入泻火解毒、宣疏清化的成分。二,通利化湿以泄热,根据渗湿于热下之理,使湿热从二便中排泄出来。在疏肝利湿同时佐以通利之白茅根、淡竹叶、薏苡仁、决明子,使热从下泄。
积雪草,为多年生匍匐草本。别名:十八缺、崩大碗、马蹄草、雷公根、蚶壳草、铜钱草、老虎草、落得打等。生于阴湿荒地、村旁、路边、水沟边。茎伏地,节上生根。叶互生,叶柄长;叶片圆形或肾形,直径2~4厘米。清热利湿,消肿解毒。治痧气腹痛,暑泻,痢疾,湿热黄疸,砂淋,血淋,吐、衄、咳血,目赤,喉肿,风疹,疥癣,疔痈肿毒,跌打损伤。
药理作用:对中枢神经作用
其中所含的甙对小鼠、大鼠有镇静、安定作用,此作用主要是对中枢神经系统中的胆碱能系统的影响。醇提取物无镇痛作用。
对皮肤组织的作用
积雪草甙能治疗皮肤溃疡,如顽固性创伤、皮肤结核、麻风等。对小鼠,豚鼠、兔肌肉注射或皮下植入可促进皮肤生长,局部白细胞增多、结缔组织盘管网增生、粘液分泌增加、毛及尾的生长加速等。曾有报告用含积雪草0.25~1%醇提取物(含积雪草酸、积雪草甙)的乳霜剂(其中尚含胚胎的或年幼的牛、猪或羊皮肤、肝、脑的水醇提取物)治疗皮肤病,获良好效果。
美容作用
积雪草具有清热解毒,利湿消肿、滋补、消炎、镇定的作用。能刺激深层皮肤细胞更替。积雪草可以紧致表皮与真皮连接部分,能使皮肤变柔软,有助于解决皮肤松弛现象,使皮肤光滑有弹性;促进真皮层中胶原蛋白形成,使纤维蛋白再生,重新连接起来,使肌肤达到紧致光滑的效果。还可帮助受损的组织愈合及紧实肌肤。既能促进表皮与真皮之间的密切连接,又能抑制脂肪细胞的增加,防止皮肤水肿、出现肥胖。
积雪草适用于各种肤质,其幼芽的水提取物具有抗菌消炎的作用,其属双子叶植物伞形科,能消肿解毒祛脓疮。
抗菌作用
幼芽的水提取物有抗菌作用。积雪草甙能治疗麻风,有人认为其作用为溶解细菌的蜡膜,从而被其他药物或机体防御机能所消灭。
其他作用
醇提取物能松弛大鼠离体回肠。甙部分能降低家兔及大鼠离体回肠的张力及收缩幅度,并能轻度抑制乙酰胆碱的作用。对麻醉犬,静脉注射可轻度兴奋呼吸,心率变慢及中度的降低血压,后二者不能被阿托品阻断。
方中夏枯草、黄芩以疏肝降脂之功;薏仁具有较强的活血化瘀、利水渗湿的作用;白术补脾益气;佛手宽中理气、和胃化痰、消积除痞;积雪草、黄芩清利解毒,使之清解通利而护肝。诸药配伍,疏利通降而不伤正,益气补中而不壅结,以达到扶正祛邪之目的。对于脂肪肝具有明显的降酶、降脂、抗纤维的作用,使脂肪肝患者有较明显的治疗效果。
秦皮味苦、涩,性寒。主治:清热燥湿、收涩止痢,止带,明目。用于热毒泻痢、赤白带下、目赤肿痛、目生翳障。《本草纲目》:“秦皮,治目病,惊癎,取其平木也,治下痢崩带,取其收涩也。又能治男子少精,取其涩而补也。此药乃惊、癎、崩、痢所宜,而人止知其治目一节,几于废弃,良为可惋。”
车前子味甘,性寒。归肝、肾、肺、小肠经。本品性味甘寒,入肾、膀胱、肝、肺经,功能利水通淋、渗湿止泻、清肝明目、清热化痰,为常用药材。清热利尿通淋,渗湿止泻,明目,祛痰。用于热淋涩痛,水肿胀满,暑湿泄泻,目赤肿痛,痰热咳嗽。车前子种子含多量黏液、车前子酸(Planterolicacid)、车前子甙(Plantaginin)、车前烯醇酸(Plantenolicacid)、琥珀酸(Succinicacid)、腺嘌呤(Adenine或6-Aminopurine)、胆碱(Choline)、梓醇(Catalpol)、蛋白质及各种脂肪酸(棕榈酸、硬脂酸、花生酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸等),黏液中含酸性黏多糖车前聚糖(Plantasan).尚含维生素A、B1.
茯苓味甘、淡、性平,入药具有利水渗湿、益脾和胃、宁心安神之功用。现代医学研究:茯苓能增强机体免疫功能,茯苓多糖有明显的抗肿瘤及保肝脏作用。茯苓性味甘淡平,入心、肺、脾经。具有渗湿利水,健脾和胃,宁心安神的功效。可治小便不利,水肿胀满,痰饮咳逆,呕逆,恶阻,泄泻,遗精,淋浊,惊悸,健忘等症。茯苓之利水,是通过健运脾肺功能而达到的,与其它直接利水的中药不同。用于脾虚泄泻,带下茯苓既能健脾,又能渗湿,对于脾虚运化失常所致泄泻、带下,应用茯苓有标本兼顾之效,常与党参、白术、山药等配伍。有可用为补肺脾,治气虚之辅佐药。
冬瓜皮,中药名。为葫芦科植物冬瓜Benincasahispida(Thunb.)Cogn.的干燥外层果皮。食用冬瓜时,洗净,削取外层果皮,晒干。归脾、小肠经。利尿消肿。主治用于水肿胀满,小便不利,暑热口渴,小便短赤。《本草纲目》:冬瓜皮(折伤,烧研、酒服)治血滞腰酸痛。[《本草再新》:走皮肤,去湿追风,补脾泻火。
忍冬藤又名大薜荔、水杨藤、千金藤,多年生半常绿缠绕灌木,茎中空,幼枝密生短柔毛。具有清热解毒,疏风通络的疗效。可用于温病发热,疮痈肿毒,热毒血痢,风湿热痹。清热解毒,疏风通络。用于温病发热,热毒血痢,痈肿疮疡,风湿热痹,关节红肿热痛。《别录》:“主寒热身肿。”《药性论》:“主腹胀满,能止气下澼。”《本草拾遗》:“主热毒血痢水痢。”
瞿麦全草入药,有清热、利尿、破血通经功效。性味:苦,寒。《本经》:味苦,寒。归经:入心、肾、小肠、膀胱经。功能主治清热利水,破血通经。治小便不通,淋病,水肿,经闭,痈肿,目赤障翳,浸淫疮毒。《本经》:主关格诸癃结,小便不通,出刺,决痈肿,明目去翳,破胎堕子,下闭血。《别录》:养肾气,逐膀胱邪逆,止霍乱,长毛发。
薏仁味甘、淡,性微寒。其中以蕲春四流山村为原产地的最为出名,有健脾利湿、清热排脓、美容养颜功能。薏苡种仁是中国传统的食品资源之一,可做成粥、饭、各种面食供人们食用。尤其对老弱病者更为适宜。薏苡仁:利湿健脾;舒筋除痹;清热排脓。主水肿;脚气;小便淋沥;湿温病;泄泻带下;风湿痹痛;筋脉拘挛;肺痈;肠痈;扁平疣。滇南本草》:清利小便。治热淋疼痛,尿血,止血淋、玉茎疼痛,消水肿。《本草蒙筌》:治肺痈。《纲目》:捣汁和酒服,治黄疸。《草木便方》:能消积聚症瘕,通利二便,行气血。治胸痞满,劳力内伤。
白茅根凉血止血,清热利尿。用于血热吐血,衄血,尿血,热病烦渴,肺热咳嗽,胃热呕吐,湿热黄疸,水肿尿少,热淋涩痛。《本经》:劳伤虚羸,补中益气,除瘀血、血闭寒热,利小便。《别录》:下五淋,除客热在肠胃,止渴坚筋,妇人崩中。久服利人。
天花粉为葫芦科植物栝蒌的根,是一种中药,为清热泻火类药物,其具体功效是清热泻火,生津止渴,排脓消肿。主治:治热病口渴、消渴、黄疸、肺燥咳血、痈肿、痔痿。对于治疗糖尿病,常用它与滋阴药配合使用,以达到标本兼治的作用。《本草汇言》:天花粉,退五脏郁热,如心火盛而舌干口燥,肺火盛而咽肿喉痹,脾火盛而口舌齿肿,痰火盛而咳嗽不宁。若肝火之胁胀走注,肾火之骨蒸烦热,或痈疽已溃未溃,而热毒不散,或五疸身目俱黄,而小水若淋若涩,是皆火热郁结所致,惟此剂能开郁结,降痰火,并能治之。又其性甘寒,善能治渴,从补药而治虚渴,从凉药而治火渴,从气药而治郁渴,从血药而治烦渴,乃治渴之要药也。贯众
佛手根、茎、叶、花、果均可入药,辛、苦、甘、温、无毒;入肝、脾、胃三经,有理气化痰、止呕消胀、舒肝健脾、和胃更多种药用功能。对老年人的气管炎、哮喘病有明显的缓解作用;对一般人的消化不良、胸腹胀闷,有更为显著的疗效。佛手可制成多种中药材,久服有保健益寿的作用。佛手的果实即佛手瓜,是一种葫芦科蔬菜品种。佛手瓜清脆多汁,味美可口,营养价值较高,既可做菜,又能当水果生吃,也是一种健胃、理气的中药。用佛手的叶、花、果泡茶浸酒饮用,有理气健脾、化痰止咳、舒筋活血之功效。
白术味苦、甘,温。归脾、胃经。主治健脾益气,燥湿利水,止汗,安胎。用于脾虚食少,腹胀泄泻,痰饮眩悸,水肿,自汗,胎动不安。白术对瘤细胞有细胞毒作用,能降低瘤细胞的增殖率,减低瘤组织的侵袭性,提高机体抗肿瘤反应的能力。白术挥发油对小鼠艾氏腹水癌、淋巴肉瘤腹水型、食管癌(Ecal09)、肉瘤180等有抑制作用。白术内酯B腹腔注射对小鼠肉瘤民。也有显著抑制作用。《药性论》载其:君,味甘,辛,无毒。能主大风痹,多年气痢,心腹胀痛,破消宿食,开胃,去痰涎,除寒热,止下泄。主面光悦,驻颜,去黑。治水肿胀满,吐呕逆,腹内冷痛,吐泻不住,及胃气虚冷痢。
黄芩的根入药,味苦、性寒,有清热燥湿、泻火解毒、止血、安胎等功效。主治温热病、上呼吸道感染、肺热咳嗽、湿热黄胆、肺炎、痢疾、咳血、目赤、胎动不安、高血压、痈肿疖疮等症。黄芩的临床抗菌性比黄连好,而且不产生抗药性。
连翘苦,凉。归经入心、肝、胆经。功能主治清热,解毒,散结,消肿。治温热,丹毒,斑疹,痈疡肿毒,瘰疬,小便淋闭。《本经》:主寒热,鼠痿,瘰疬,痈肿恶疮,瘿瘤,结热。《别录》:去白虫。《药性论》:主通利五淋,小便不通,除心家客热。《日华子本草》:通小肠,排脓。治疮疖,止痛,通月经。
夏枯草为唇形科植物夏枯草PrunellavulgarisL.的干燥果穗。全国各地均产,主产于江苏、浙江、安徽、河南等地。夏季果穗呈棕红色时采收,除去杂质,晒干。生用。其性辛、苦,寒。归肝、胆经。有清热泻火,明目,散结消肿的功效。治疗目赤肿痛、头痛眩晕、目珠夜痛。夏枯草苦寒主入肝经,善泻肝火以明目。用治肝火上炎,目赤肿痛,可配桑叶、菊花、决明子等药用。本品清肝明目之中,略兼养肝,配当归、枸杞子,可用于肝阴不足,目珠疼痛,至夜尤甚者;亦可配连翘、甘草用,如夏枯草散(《张氏医通》)
苍术味辛;苦;性温。《本草衍义》记载气味辛烈;《珍珠囊》记载甘辛;《晶汇精要》记载味苦甘,性温,无毒。主治燥湿健脾;祛风湿;明目。主湿困脾胃;倦怠嗜卧;胞痞腹胀;食欲不振;哎吐泄泻;痰饮;湿肿;表证夹湿;头身重痛;痹证温性;肢节酸痛重着;痿襞;夜盲。陶弘景:除恶气。刘完素:明目,暖水脏。《珍珠囊》:能健胃安脾,诸湿肿非此不能除。
具体实施例1:
春夏期间都可以采摘积雪草,将晾晒好的积雪草泡入10倍量乙醇中,加热提取2次,每次1-2小时,去上清液,合并提取液,100-120目滤过,再经截流分子量为5000-10000的超滤柱超滤,超滤液减压浓缩相对密度为80℃时1.06的浸膏,加热浓缩至膏状,静置备用,成组分1。
将其余原料药茯苓,佛手,冬瓜皮,忍冬藤,车前子,瞿麦,薏仁,秦皮,白茅根,天花粉,贯众,白术,黄芩,连翘,夏枯草,苍术,放入10倍量乙醇中,浸泡1-2小时,加热提取2次,每次1-2小时,合并提取液,静置后去上清液,然后放入减压浓缩罐内,减压回收乙醇,浓缩至药液浓度为0.6g生药/mL,抽滤至滤液的相对密度为80℃时1.06的浸膏,成为组分2。
将组分1和组分2合并后置入双效真空浓缩器中,浓缩至90℃时相对密度为1.36的浓缩液,置0~5℃低温冷藏24小时;将冷藏液加0.3%的助滤剂硅藻土,过滤,滤液再置入双效真空浓缩器中,浓缩至每1ml含0.1g生药量;浓缩后的膏剂加糊精调和,紫外线消毒杀菌后装瓶。
具体实施例2:
春夏期间都可以采摘积雪草,将晾晒好的积雪草5000g泡入10倍量乙醇中,加热提取2次,每次1-2小时,去上清液,合并提取液,100-120目滤过,再经截流分子量为5000-10000的超滤柱超滤,超滤液减压浓缩相对密度为80℃时1.06的浸膏,加热浓缩至膏状,静置备用,成组分1。将茯苓1500g,佛手1500g,冬瓜皮1500g,忍冬藤1500g,车前子1500g,瞿麦1500g,薏仁1500g,秦皮1500g,白茅根1500g,天花粉1500g,贯众1500g,白术1500g,黄芩1500g,连翘1500g,夏枯草1500g,苍术1500g,放入10倍量乙醇中,浸泡1-2小时,加热提取2次,每次1-2小时,合并提取液,静置后去上清液,然后放入减压浓缩罐内,减压回收乙醇,浓缩至药液浓度为0.6g生药/mL,抽滤至滤液的相对密度为20℃时1.06的浸膏,成为组分2。将组分1和组分2合并后置入双效真空浓缩器中,浓缩至90℃时相对密度为1.35的浓缩液,置0~5℃低温冷藏24小时;将冷藏液加0.3%的助滤剂硅藻土,过滤,滤液再置入双效真空浓缩器中,浓缩至每1ml含0.1g生药量;浓缩后的膏剂加糊精调和,紫外线消毒杀菌后装瓶。
具体实施例3:
春夏期间都可以采摘积雪草,将晾晒好的积雪草4000g浸泡水中12小时,然后放入提取罐加热煮沸1小时,过滤,滤液备用;滤渣加水,第二次加热,煮沸45分钟,过滤,滤液备用;滤渣再加水,第三次加热煮沸半小时,过滤;将三次滤液合在一起,用纱布过滤,残渣中加入50-60%乙醇,60℃-70℃继续浸提2h,每10min搅拌一次,纱布过滤,合并浸提液,成组分1,将所述其余原料茯苓1200g,佛手1100g,冬瓜皮1200g,忍冬藤1100g,车前子1100g,瞿麦1100g,薏仁1200g,秦皮1100g,白茅根1200g,天花粉1100g,贯众1100g,白术1100g,黄芩1100g,连翘1100g,夏枯草1100g,苍术1100g,放入5-10倍量乙醇中,浸泡1-2小时,加热提取2次,每次1-2小时,去上清液,合并提取液,100-120目滤过,将2次提取液合并静置,减压回收乙醇,并浓缩至药液浓度为0.6g生药/mL,抽滤后,滤液的相对密度约为20℃时1.08;减压至0.03-0.08MPa,温度保持在60-80℃,浓缩至相对密度为1.20,温度至60℃-70℃的浸膏,作为组分2。将组分1和组分2合并后置入双效真空浓缩器中,浓缩至90℃时相对密度为1.05的浓缩液,置0~5℃低温冷藏24小时;将冷藏液加0.3%的助滤剂硅藻土,过滤,滤液再置入双效真空浓缩器中,浓缩至每1ml含0.1g生药量;浓缩后的膏剂加糊精调和,紫外线消毒杀菌后装瓶。
具体实施例4:
春夏期间都可以采摘积雪草,将晾晒好的积雪草3500g切碎,泡入5-10倍量的乙醇中,将药粉置有盖不锈钢桶内,加70%乙醇液,质量为粗粉的0.8-1倍,搅拌均匀,湿润密闭放置1小时以上,使充分膨胀;将渗漉筒底部滤板用纱布袋包裹铺平后再将湿润膨胀后的药物样品拌松弄散,然后用不锈钢勺盛粉,均匀的装入渗漉筒,装10-12厘米厚,用T型棒压匀,再按上述操作,一层一层的装入,适当加压,药粉填装不得超过渗漉筒的2/3高处;药粉面上盖不锈钢孔板压牢,打开渗漉筒下面的放料阀,并放一容器,然后缓缓加入70%乙醇液;待排出药粉粉粒之间的空气,并有乙醇流出约20L左右,关闭放料阀,盖上漉筒、浸渍24小时,然后开放料阀进行渗漉,控制渗漉速度一般为1000g药材每分钟流出2~3ml,滤液放入贮液缸内,并将排空时的乙醇液倒入贮液缸;将渗滤液合并静置。加热浓缩至膏状,静置备用,成组分1。将茯苓1200g,佛手1100g,冬瓜皮1200g,忍冬藤1100g,车前子1100g,瞿麦1100g,薏仁1200g,秦皮1100g,白茅根1200g,天花粉1100g,贯众1100g,白术1100g,黄芩1100g,连翘1100g,夏枯草1100g,苍术1100g,将所述原料药放入粉碎机粉碎后,将颗粒物放入乙醇中加热回流提取2次,每次1~2小时,将2次提取液合并静置;将上述乙醇提取过的药渣加10倍量水加热回流提取2次,每次1~2小时,将2次提取液合并静置,将上述两种提取液合并,作为组分2;合并组分1组分2减压浓缩相对密度为80℃时1.36的滤液,回收乙醇,调入蜂胶,紫外线杀菌后装瓶。
毒理学试验
长期毒性实验资料
1、实验方法
将豚鼠随机份成4组,每组15只。在豚鼠背部脊柱两侧将脱毛剂均匀涂上,使其脱毛范围约40平方厘米。洗净脱毛剂,观察24小时后每组豚鼠分别涂本发明茶饮0.2、0.4和0.8ml,分别含生药92、184和368mg,另一组涂溶媒0.8ml每日二次,连续30天,观察豚鼠的一般情况,实验结束后处死动物进行血液学、血液生化及病理学检查。
2、结果
上述三组用药豚鼠躯干去毛区,未见局部皮肤有水肿、充血、红斑、出血点及溃疡。用药组与对照组动物毛发色泽、摄食、四肢活动等对照组无明显差异,血液生化检查,用本发明组与对照组均在正常范围。病理组织学检查,实验各组心、肝、肾及局部皮肤均未见明显病变。提示,本发明中药茶饮长期使用对局部皮肤及全身重要脏器均未见明显的毒性作用。试验结果表明:本发明中药茶饮实验安全。
累积毒性实验:
本发明中药茶饮对小鼠按7.69、19.18和43.21g生药/kg连续用药15周(1.0ml/100g体重,每天2次)及停药3周后,结果表明:本发明中药茶饮对大鼠的毛发、行为、大小便、体重、脏器重量、血象、肝肾功能、血糖、血脂等指标均无明显影响,脏器肉眼没有发现异样变化和组织学检查结果表明,用药15周及停药3周后,大鼠各脏器均无明显改变。说明本发明中药茶饮对大鼠长期用药后毒性小,停药后也没有异样反应,应用安全。
皮肤及体内刺激性试验:
1.取家兔剃毛,用本发明口服液为例,进行诱导和激发接触试验,在24小时和48小时后观察试验家兔,均不见皮肤有红斑及水肿等现象,与阴性对照组无差异。结果表明,该贴剂对皮肤反应强度近于零,即无皮肤变态反应。
2.药物体内灌肠蓄积毒性试验报告
试验方法:选用20只健康小白鼠,雌、雄各10只,剂量设计每5天为一期,每期剂量分别为0.10LD50、0.15LD50、0.22LD50、0.34LD50、0.50LD50,此样品的雌性、雄性小鼠的LD50均为5000m份/k份BW(五个剂量为500、750、1100、1700、2500m份/k份BW)。每5天称体重一次,调整给药量,按0.1ml/10份BW经肛门灌肠。20天后,动物无死亡情况发生,试验结束,按递增剂量给受试物20天后,雌性、雄性动物均无死亡情况发生。
药理实验:
1实验材料
1.1药品
实验药:本发明疏肝利湿口服液,按具体实施方式2制备。阳性对照药:清肝胶囊,长春海外制药集团有限公司,批准文号:国药准字Z20050091。
1.2动物Wistar大鼠,昆明种小鼠,♀♂均用。
2对肝损伤小鼠血清中ALT、ET、NO含量的影响
2.1分组:取105只昆明小鼠随机分为6组,每组15只,A组为正常对照组;B组为模型对照组;C组为阳性对照组;D1组为本发明口服液(实施例2所制得)低剂量组,D2组为本发明口服液中剂量组,D3组为本发明口服液高剂量组;
2.2造模方法:采用卡介苗和脂多糖联合的方法建立免疫性肝损伤小鼠模型。各组动物适应性喂养3d后,除正常对照组外,每只小鼠1次尾静脉注射卡介苗5×107个活菌,于注射BCG后第12d静脉注射脂多糖7.5μg/鼠,于16h后处死取材,正常对照组2次都以相同方法注射等量生理盐水。
2.3给药与处理:静脉注射卡介苗的第一天起开始灌胃给药,1次/d。正常对照组与模型对照组:生理盐水灌胃,灌胃量同药物治疗组的用药容量;阳性对照药物治疗组:清肝胶囊,5.9g/kg剂量给药;本发明口服液治疗组低3.9g/kg、中7.8g/kg、高11.7g/kg剂量给药。正常对照组于第12d注射生理盐水后16h,眼球后静脉丛取血,并处死动物取肝组织送检;其余组于静脉注射脂多糖后16h,眼球后静脉丛取血,并处死动物取肝组织送检。
2.4观察指标及检测方法:①检测谷-丙转氨酶(ALT):采用化学比色法测定。②内源性一氧化氮(NO)测定:采用放射免疫法,剖取0.5g肝脏制成10%肝组织匀浆,在4℃条件下,3000转/min,离心10min,取上清液。③内皮素(ET)检测:采用放射免法直接测定血浆ET浓度。
表1各组血清ALT、ET、NO的变化情况比较
*与模型组比较,*P<0.05、**P<0.01;Δ与阳性对照组比较,ΔP<0.05。
从以上结果可以看出,检测合格的本发明口服液对肝损伤小鼠血清中ALT、ET、NO含量有显著性改善,并且对慢性肝损伤有明显的的保护作用,与阳性对照药物比较有显著性差异。
临床试验:
自2012年3月至2015年6月,笔者采用自拟清肝利湿降脂汤治疗脂肪肝60例,取得显著疗效,临床资料本组60例中为体检发现者和同行单位的门诊患者,年龄40~50岁,平均46岁;均为男性,疗程1~6年不等。两组资料经Ridit检验,年龄、病程等方面均无显著差异性,具有可比性。诊断依据临床表现和影像学及实验室检查,均符合脂肪肝特征。按就诊顺序随机分为治疗组和对照组各30例。诊断标准:国家中医药管理局中医肝病重点专科写作组主编《中医肝病诊疗常规》2005年10月第1版。
治疗方法
治疗组:本发明口服液,方药组成:积雪草30g,茯苓11g,佛手12g,冬瓜皮11g,忍冬藤11g,车前子12g,瞿麦11g,薏仁12g,秦皮12g,白茅根11g,天花粉12g,贯众11g,白术11g,黄芩12g,连翘11g,夏枯草12g,苍术12g。按实施例方法4制备,每日3瓶,连服1个月后,停服1周,再服1个月为1疗程。
对照组:强肝胶囊(石家庄东方药业有限公司生产)国药准字:ZL0980012,1次5粒,ld3次。两个月1疗程。治疗期间停服任何药物。
疗效标准:临床治愈:症状、体征完全消失,肝功能正常,血脂基本正常,B超提示肝脏声像恢复正常。有效:症状体征消失,谷丙转氨酶及血脂升高部分下降50%以上,B超提示脂肪肝声像图减轻。无效:未达以上标准者。
治疗结果见表1。
表1治疗组与对照组的疗效比较
组别 | 例数 | 痊愈 | 有效 | 无效 | 总有效率* |
治疗组 | 30 | 13 | 14 | 3 | 90% |
对照组 | 30 | 11 | 12 | 7 | 76% |
*临床治愈与有效视为有效例数,经统计学处理两组比较有明显差异(P<0.05),治疗组明显优于对照组。
讨论:脂肪肝是近年来才引起医学界高度重视的肝脏脂肪代谢紊乱性疾病。现代医学认为本病主要由脂类摄人过多、肥胖、或毒物(乙醇),或遗传与代谢因素引起过量的脂肪在肝内堆积致病。查阅古典,祖国医学虽没有脂肪肝之病名,但在历代医籍中、有一些类似本病的记载。《灵枢.卫气失常》即已指出人体内有“脂、”有“膏”有“肉”、并根据人体形体的不同而分为“脂人”、“膏人、”“肉人”。其云:“膏者,多气而皮纵缓,故能纵腹垂腴。肉者,身体容大。脂者,其身收小。”张志聪《灵枢集注》云:“中焦之气,蒸津液化.其津微溢于外则皮肉膏肥。佘于肉,则膏脂丰满。”张景岳《类经》亦云:“精液和合而为膏,以填补骨空之中,则为脑为髓,为精为血。”由此可见,上文描述之膏脂与现代医学之脂类物质相类似。同时也说明膏脂实乃人体的生理组成成分之一,属精液之范畴,并可与津液其他成分相互转化,津从浊化为膏,凝则为脂。正常脂膏随血液的运行营养五脏六腑,四肢白骸以及脑髓。若禀赋不足,饮食不节,脾胃失调,情志内伤,肝胆失调,年老体弱,身虚不足等原因,而致摄食过多或传输、利用、排泄异常,皆可是血中脂膏堆积,过多的脂膏浊化。而成为湿浊、痰饮、侵淫隧道,使气血运行障碍,血瘀的本质具体表现在微循环障碍,血流的动力学异常和血液流变学异常。而痰浊与血瘀同是机体脏腑功能失调的病理产物,最终形成肝经痰凝瘀滞,肝内脂肪瘀积的病理变化,而出现“痰证”、“瘀证”、“脉痹”等证。
综合看来当属肝痞、胁痛、症瘕、积聚等范畴基于上述认识,遵循疏肝而降脂、利湿兼化痰、活血而化瘀之大法,采用疏肝降脂、化痰祛湿、活血散结、软坚消积之中药。方中夏枯草、黄芩以疏肝降脂之功;薏仁具有较强的活血化瘀、利水渗湿的作用;白术补脾益气;佛手宽中理气、和胃化痰、消积除痞;积雪草、黄芩清利解毒,使之清解通利而护肝。诸药配伍,疏利通降而不伤正,益气补中而不壅结,以达到扶正祛邪之目的。对于脂肪肝具有明显的降酶、降脂、抗纤维的作用,使脂肪肝患者有较明显的治疗效果。
Claims (10)
1.一种疏肝利湿的积雪草口服液,其特征在于,所述积雪草口服液中包括以下重量份数的原料药:积雪草10~50份,茯苓10~20份,佛手10~20份,冬瓜皮10~20份,忍冬藤10~20份,车前子10~20份,瞿麦10~20份,薏仁10~20份,秦皮10~20份,白茅根10~20份,天花粉10~20份,贯众10~20份,白术10~20份,黄芩10~20份,连翘10~20份,夏枯草10~20份,苍术10~20份。
2.根据权利要求1所述疏肝利湿的积雪草口服液,其特征在于,所述积雪草口服液中包括以下重量份数的原料药:积雪草10~40份,茯苓10~15份,佛手10~15份,冬瓜皮10~15份,忍冬藤10~15份,车前子10~15份,瞿麦10~15份,薏仁10~15份,秦皮10~15份,白茅根10~20份,天花粉10~20份,贯众10~20份,白术10~20份,黄芩10~20份,连翘10~20份,夏枯草10~20份,苍术10~20份。
3.根据权利要求1所述疏肝利湿的积雪草口服液,其特征在于,所述积雪草口服液中包括以下重量份数的原料药:积雪草10~50份,茯苓10~20份,佛手10~20份,冬瓜皮10~20份,忍冬藤10~20份,车前子10~20份,瞿麦10~20份,薏仁10~20份,秦皮10~20份,白茅根10~15份,天花粉10~15份,贯众10~15份,白术10~15份,黄芩10~15份,连翘10~15份,夏枯草10~15份,苍术10~20份。
4.一种如权利要求1~3中任一项所述疏肝利湿的积雪草口服液的制备方法,其特征在于,所述口服液的制备步骤包括:
a.积雪草的制备,作为组分1;
b.将所述其余原料药放入乙醇中加热回流提取2次,作为组分2;
c.将上述两种提取液组分1和组分2合并,浓缩后加糊精调和,消毒杀菌后制备成保健口服液剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述疏肝利湿的积雪草口服液的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤a中,春夏期间采摘积雪草,洗净晾晒好,将其浸泡水中12小时,然后放入提取罐加热煮沸1小时,过滤,滤液备用;滤渣加水,第二次加热,煮沸45分钟,过滤,滤液备用;滤渣再加水,第三次加热煮沸半小时,过滤;将三次滤液合在一起,用纱布过滤,残渣中加入50-60%乙醇,60℃-70℃继续浸提2h,每10min搅拌一次,纱布过滤,合并浸提液,成组分1备用。
6.根据权利要求4所述疏肝利湿的积雪草口服液的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤b中,将上述其余原料泡入10倍量乙醇中,加热提取2次,每次1-2小时,去上清液,合并提取液,100-120目滤过,再经截流分子量为5000-10000的超滤柱超滤,超滤液减压浓缩相对密度为80℃时1.06的浸膏,加热浓缩至膏状,静置备用,成组分2。
7.根据权利要求4所述疏肝利湿的积雪草口服液的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤c中,将组分1和组分2合并后,置入双效真空浓缩器中,浓缩至90℃时相对密度为1.36的浓缩液,置0~5℃低温冷藏24小时;将冷藏液加0.3%的助滤剂硅藻土,过滤,滤液再置入双效真空浓缩器中,浓缩至每1ml含0.1g生药量;浓缩后的膏剂加糊精调和,紫外线消毒杀菌后装瓶。
8.一种如权利要求1~3中任一项所述疏肝利湿的积雪草口服液的制备方法,其特征在于,其制备步骤还可以为:
a.积雪草的萃取,作为组分1;
b.将所述其余原料药加乙醇浸泡、提取3次作为组分2;
c.将组分1和组分2混合,浓缩后加适量蜂胶调和,紫外线消毒杀菌后装瓶。
9.根据权利要求8所述疏肝利湿的积雪草口服液的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤a中,取采摘好的积雪草切碎,泡入5-10倍量的乙醇中,将药粉置有盖不锈钢桶内,加70%乙醇液,质量为粗粉的0.8-1倍,搅拌均匀,湿润密闭放置1小时以上,使充分膨胀;将渗漉筒底部滤板用纱布袋包裹铺平后再将湿润膨胀后的药物样品拌松弄散,然后用不锈钢勺盛粉,均匀的装入渗漉筒,装10-12厘米厚,用T型棒压匀,再按上述操作,一层一层的装入,适当加压,药粉填装不得超过渗漉筒的2/3高处;药粉面上盖不锈钢孔板压牢,打开渗漉筒下面的放料阀,并放一容器,然后缓缓加入70%乙醇液;待排出药粉粉粒之间的空气,并有乙醇流出约20L左右,关闭放料阀,盖上漉筒、浸渍24小时,然后开放料阀进行渗漉,控制渗漉速度一般为1000g药材每分钟流出2~3ml,滤液放入贮液缸内,并将排空时的乙醇液倒入贮液缸;将渗滤液合并静置。加热浓缩至膏状,静置备用,成组分1。
10.根据权利要求8所述疏肝利湿的积雪草口服液的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤b中,将所述其余原料放入5-10倍量乙醇中,浸泡1-2小时,加热提取2次,每次1-2小时,去上清液,合并提取液,100-120目滤过,将2次提取液合并静置,减压回收乙醇,并浓缩至药液浓度为0.6g生药/mL,抽滤后,滤液的相对密度约为20℃时1.08;减压至0.03-0.08MPa,温度保持在60-80℃,浓缩至相对密度为1.20,温度至60℃-70℃的浸膏,作为组分2。
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