CN105325088B - Rice in Southern China makees flue-cured tobacco nitrogen fertilizer applying method - Google Patents
Rice in Southern China makees flue-cured tobacco nitrogen fertilizer applying method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105325088B CN105325088B CN201510658089.5A CN201510658089A CN105325088B CN 105325088 B CN105325088 B CN 105325088B CN 201510658089 A CN201510658089 A CN 201510658089A CN 105325088 B CN105325088 B CN 105325088B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
Abstract
The invention belongs to agricultural plantation technology field, make flue-cured tobacco nitrogen fertilizer applying method more particularly to Rice in Southern China, a kind of duplicate rows " M " shape ridge is provided to plant increase density, reduce base manure nitrogen ratio, the method that 5 top dressing water, which are applied, etc. improves the effective utilization ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer, improve fertilizer utilization efficiency, reduce the waste of nitrogenous fertilizer, save production cost, reduce nicotine content of tobacco leaves, improve quality of tobacco, environmental pollution caused by being wasted due to nitrogenous fertilizer is greatly reduced simultaneously, and can significantly improve yield of flue-cured tobacco, the output value and quality.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural plantation technology field, and in particular to Rice in Southern China makees flue-cured tobacco nitrogen fertilizer applying method.
Background technology
In Main Tobacco-growing Regions In South, flue-cured tobacco and rice crop rotation, rice makees flue-cured tobacco, and it is Main Cultivation mode.Rice in Southern China makees the crop field of flue-cured tobacco
Early stage, tobacco growth were in low temperature rainy season, and the effective of nitrogenous fertilizer utilizes the key for being flue-cured tobacco cultivation.Nitrogen is to influence flue-cured tobacco
Grow and the most important element of quality of tobacco.Nitrogen is very few, and flue-cured tobacco is malnutritive, hypoplasia；Nitrogen is excessive, influences to bake
Cigarette normally falls that Huang Cheng is ripe, and the nicotine content of tobacco leaf is high, and chemical composition is uncoordinated, and the industrial applicability of tobacco leaf declines.At present, rice makees
Area tobacco grower is pursues the higher economic benefit of plantation flue-cured tobacco, and using big loose water planting patterns, generally existing excessively applies nitrogen
Fertile phenomenon.Its Main：First, using 800-900 plants/acre of dilute value mode, cigarette strain biomass is increased by lift-augmented mechanism
Obtain high yield；Second, amount of nitrogen is excessive, general amount of nitrogen increases production cost, aggravated to ring in 12-15kg/ mu purity nitrogens
Pollute in border；Third, more than 70% nitrogenous fertilizer is as base manure deep placement, because southern rainwater causes loss of nitrogenous fertilizer serious more；Fourth, top dressing with
Based on dry application, Tobacco Absorbing is difficult；Fifth, to impose the time excessively slow for nitrogenous fertilizer, need nitrogen rule inconsistent with flue-cured tobacco, cause blade to be difficult to
It is ripe to fall Huang Cheng.The planting patterns of this dilute value and a large amount of applied nitrogens, causes nitrogen effective rate of utilization low, not only increases flue-cured tobacco
Planting cost, and cause a series of industry such as the nicotine content of tobacco leaf is too high, chemical composition is uncoordinated, judging parameter is poor available
Property it is low the problem of, while nitrogenous fertilizer be excessively used cause tobacco-growing soil quality degradation and pollution environment.It is therefore, it is necessary to roasting by improving
Cigarette nitrogen is effectively utilized to subtract nitrogen fertilizer application dosage, ensures yield of tobacco and quality, saves production cost, and solution tobacco-growing soil moves back
Change, reduce the pollution to environment.People attempt pass through nitrogen fertilizer potentiating agent, as Chinese patent application 201310184622X,
2013101846215, increase the organic fertilizer such as decomposed cake fertilizer and rotted pig manure and make base manure, such as Chinese patent application
201010297128.0, monitor on field cigarette strain nitrogen Condition of abundance or deficiency instructs field flue-cured tobacco Nitrogen Top Dressing on the spot, such as Chinese patent
Apply for 201210532220X, to improve the fertilizer efficiency of nitrogenous fertilizer.But these ways need to increase production cost, and complex operation.
The content of the invention
For above-mentioned technical problem, demand characteristic of the present invention according to development of flue-cured tobacco to nitrogen nutrition, there is provided a kind of
The method for improving the effective utilization ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer, reach and subtract nitrogen, drop alkali, subtract this effect.
The technical scheme is that：
Rice in Southern China makees flue-cured tobacco nitrogen fertilizer applying method, comprises the following steps：
(1) duplicate rows " M " shape ridge plants
Cross section is " M " shape ridge, and two tops on " M " shape ridge are used to transplant plantation, form two row ridges and plant, two tops
Between be shallow ridges, the line-spacing of shallow ridges is 90cm narrow rows；It is zanjon between two neighboring " M " shape ridge, the line-spacing of zanjon is 120cm width
OK；Deep 20 ± the 5cm of the furrow of shallow ridges, furrow 30 ± 5cm, spacing in the rows 50cm, the density deeply of zanjon are maintained at 1200-1300 plants/acre；
(2) basal dressing and top dressing
The part by weight of base manure nitrogen and top dressing nitrogen is 4-5:6-5, base manure nitrogen consumption are 3.5-4.0kg/ mu purity nitrogens；Base manure by
Special base fertilizer for tobacco and three cakes unify special cake fertilizer composition.It is limited for Hunan gold leaf people's expectations science and technology share that three cakes unify special cake fertilizer
Company；Special base fertilizer for tobacco dosage is 30-50kg/ mus, and it is 10-5kg/ mus that three cakes, which unify special cake fertilizer dosage,；Base manure uses bar
Apply, base manure is spread fertilizer over the fields into centre of being expert in ridging, then earthing is into ridge；
Top dressing nitrogen consumption is 4.0-4.5kg/ mu purity nitrogens, and top dressing carries the special top dressing of seed manure, tobacco and sulfuric acid by tobacco is special
Potassium forms, and the special seed manure dosage that carries of tobacco is 7kg/ mus, and the special top dressing dosage of tobacco is 30-40kg/ mus, and sulfuric acid potassium application rate is
10kg/ mus；Top dressing is applied using 5 water, and the method for top dressing is that top dressing is dissolved in the water, using dosing container that fertilizer is uniform
Pour and apply in cigarette strain foundation portion.Top dressing, which is watered to pour, applies requirement fertilising uniformly.
The method of top dressing is specially：1st time 3-4 days after transplanting, with 2kg/ mu tobaccos it is special carry seed manure and be watered to pour apply；The
2 times 10-15 days after transplanting, with 3kg/ mu tobaccos it is special carry seed manure and be watered to pour apply；20-25 days after transplanting, 2kg/ is used 3rd time
Mu tobacco is special to carry seed manure and the special top dressing of 10-15kg/ mu tobaccos is watered to pour and applied；The 4th uses 20- 30-35 days after transplanting
The special top dressing of 25kg/ mu tobaccos, which is watered to pour, to be applied；The 5th is watered to pour and applied 45 days after transplanting with 10kg/ mu potassium sulfates.
Other field management measures such as variety selection, method for culturing seedlings, transplanting, prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control are planted with generally conventional flue-cured tobacco
Training.
Duplicate rows " M " shape ridge, which plants, can increase planting density, and increase tobacco planting density main purpose is a cigarette in cultivating, and is relied on
Moderate individual and appropriate colony obtains high yield and preferably quality；Be not big loose water traditional cultivation in mainly according to
By larger individual acquisition high yield, quality of tobacco declines.Wide row in wide-and narrow-row is easy to farming operations；In " M " shape ridge
Narrow row shallow ridges is advantageous to the anti-early ageing of drought resisting.
Special base fertilizer for tobacco Nitrogen content is generally 8%, and the three cakes unification special cake fertilizer Nitrogen content of tobacco is generally 5%, tobacco
The special seed manure Nitrogen content that carries is generally 20%, and the special top dressing Nitrogen content of tobacco is generally 10%.
Rice in Southern China provided by the invention makees flue-cured tobacco nitrogen fertilizer applying method, reduces the Nitrogen Amount in base manure, is because flue-cured tobacco
Growth needs nitrogen few early stage, and rainwater is more, and loss of nitrogenous fertilizer is serious, causes utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer to decline, the nitrogenous fertilizer pollution environment of loss；
5 water of top dressing are applied, and are the regulation of fertilizer requirement according to flue-cured tobacco, are particularly needed nitrogen rule, and it is to reduce loss of nitrogenous fertilizer to be applied using water, improves nitrogen
The absorptivity of fertilizer, makes flue-cured tobacco growing way sane, and growth is uniform.
Traditional method is dilute 900-1000 plants/acre of value, and base manure nitrogen consumption ratio is big, base manure nitrogen consumption more than 70%,
Top dressing dry application, open cave point Shi Houzai from cigarette strain foundation portion 10-20cm and bury soil etc., caused fertilizer utilization efficiency is low and excessively applies
Nitrogen, Rice in Southern China provided by the invention make flue-cured tobacco nitrogen fertilizer applying method, overcome these shortcomings, improve fertilizer utilization efficiency, reduce
The waste of nitrogenous fertilizer, production cost is saved, reduce nicotine content of tobacco leaves, improve quality of tobacco, while greatly reduce due to nitrogenous fertilizer
Environmental pollution caused by waste, and yield of flue-cured tobacco, the output value and quality can be significantly improved, there is significant economic benefit, society
Meeting benefit and ecological benefits, meet agricultural sustainable development needs.
Brief description of the drawings
Duplicate rows " M " the shape ridge that Fig. 1 is the present invention plants cross-sectional view.
Embodiment
It is described in conjunction with the embodiments the embodiment of the present invention.
Make a flue-cured tobacco proving ground of cigarette district in the rice of Southern Hunan, improve the side of flue-cured tobacco nitrogenous fertilizer effective rate of utilization
Method application test.Flue-cured tobacco cultivars are cloud and mist 87.Experiment sets two factors of density and fertilizing method.Density sets conventional density A1 and changed
Enter two levels of density A2, fertilizing method sets conventional fertilizer application B1 and improves fertilising two levels of B2.
Conventional density A1：Line-spacing is 120cm, and spacing in the rows 55cm, density is 1010 plants/acre.
Improve density A2：Width duplicate rows " M " shape ridge plants, as shown in figure 1, wide row is away from for 120cm, narrow row is away from for 90cm, strain
Away from 50cm, density is 1270 plants/acre.
Two density processing are compared, and the density for improving density processing adds 26%.
Conventional fertilizer application B1：Mu special base fertilizer for tobacco 80kg, the unification cake fertilizer 15kg row replacements of three cakes；3 progress of top dressing point, the
1 time after transplanting 3 days mu apply tobacco it is special carry seed manure 2kg and be watered to pour apply, the 2nd time after transplanting 15 days mu carry seed manure with tobacco
The special top dressing 20kg of 3kg, tobacco spreads manuer in holes in cigarette strain both sides, the 3rd the 30 days mu special top dressing 15kg of tobacco, sulfuric acid after transplanting
Potassium 10kg spreads manuer in holes in cigarette strain both sides.Mu applies purity nitrogen 11.65kg, and base manure accounts for the 61% of total amount of nitrogen with nitrogen.
Improve fertilising B2：Mu special base fertilizer for tobacco 40kg, the unification cake fertilizer 15kg row replacements of three cakes；5 progress of top dressing point, the
1 time after transplanting 3 days mu apply tobacco it is special carry seed manure 2kg and be watered to pour apply, the 2nd time after transplanting 10 days mu carry seed manure with tobacco
3kg is watered to pour and applied, the 3rd time after transplanting 20 days mu apply tobacco it is special carry the special top dressing 10kg of seed manure 2kg, tobacco and be watered to pour apply,
The 4th 30 days mu after transplanting is watered to pour with the special top dressing 20kg of tobacco to be applied, the 5th 45 days mu potassium sulfate 10kg after transplanting
It is watered to pour and applies.Mu applies purity nitrogen 8.35kg, and base manure accounts for the 47% of total amount of nitrogen with nitrogen.
Two fertilizer treatments compare, and improve fertilising and subtract nitrogen 28%.
Other field management are the same as general flue-cured tobacco cultivation.
Result of the test is as follows：
(1) to the influence of flue-cured tobacco economic characters
As shown in Table 1, upper medium grade cigarette ratio, average price, yield and the output value for improving cultural method A2B2 are above traditional cultivation
Culture method A1B1.
The flue-cured tobacco economic characters of the different disposal of table 1
| Processing | Upper medium grade cigarette ratio/% | Average price/Yuan ㎏ | Yield/kghm-2 | The output value/first hm-2 |
| A1B1 | 80.63 | 19.82 | 2260.70 | 44807.07 |
| A1B2 | 81.07 | 19.84 | 2296.70 | 48278.91 |
| A2B1 | 85.40 | 21.02 | 2284.85 | 45338.06 |
| A2B2 | 84.13 | 20.59 | 2359.10 | 48572.41 |
(2) to the influence of Chemical Compositions of Flue-cured Tobacco
By taking upper tobacco leaf as an example.As shown in Table 2, improve cultural method A2B2 total reducing sugar and content of reducing sugar is significantly higher than biography
Unite cultural method A1B1；The nicotine and total nitrogen content for improving cultural method A2B2 are substantially less than traditional cultivation method A1B1；Improve
Cultural method A2B2 potassium content is significantly higher than traditional cultivation method A1B1.Compare two kinds of cultural methods, improve cultural method
A2B2 nicotine content is lower by 24% than traditional cultivation method A1B1.
The Chemical Compositions of Flue-cured Tobacco of the different disposal of table 2
| Processing | Total reducing sugar/% | Reduced sugar/% | Nicotine/% | Total nitrogen/% | Potassium/% | Chlorine/% |
| A1B1 | 26.60b | 23.82b | 3.82a | 2.05a | 1.79c | 0.25 |
| A1B2 | 21.46c | 20.03c | 3.10b | 1.75b | 2.10b | 0.27 |
| A2B1 | 25.15b | 22.48b | 3.39b | 1.85b | 2.01b | 0.33 |
| A2B2 | 28.38a | 26.12a | 2.91c | 1.60c | 2.32a | 0.35 |
(3) to the influence of flue-cured tobacco judging parameter
By taking upper tobacco leaf as an example.As shown in Table 3, judging parameter size is ordered as A1B1 ＞ A1B2 ＞ A2B1 ＞ A2B2.Change
The aesthetic quality's index for entering cultural method A2B2 is significantly higher than traditional cultivation method A1B1.It is mainly shown as and improves at cultural method
Sensory evaluating smoking's quality index score value such as the aroma quality of reason, miscellaneous gas, excitant, pleasant impression is relatively excellent.
The different disposal cured tobacco leaf aesthetic quality of table 3
Claims (2)
1. Rice in Southern China makees flue-cured tobacco nitrogen fertilizer applying method, it is characterised in that comprises the following steps：
(1) duplicate rows " M " shape ridge plants
Cross section is " M " shape ridge, and two tops on " M " shape ridge are used to transplant plantation, form two row ridges and plant, and are between two tops
Shallow ridges, the line-spacing of shallow ridges is 90cm narrow rows；It is zanjon between two neighboring " M " shape ridge, the line-spacing of zanjon is 120cm wide row；
Deep 20 ± the 5cm of the furrow of shallow ridges, furrow 30 ± 5cm, spacing in the rows 50cm, the density deeply of zanjon are maintained at 1200-1300 plants/acre；
(2) basal dressing and top dressing
The part by weight of base manure nitrogen and top dressing nitrogen is 4-5:6-5, base manure nitrogen consumption are 3.5-4.0kg/ mu purity nitrogens；Base manure is by tobacco
Special basal fertilizer and three cakes unify special cake fertilizer composition；Special base fertilizer for tobacco dosage is 30-50kg/ mus, and three cakes unify special cake fertilizer
Dosage is 10-5kg/ mus；Base manure uses row replacement, and base manure is spread fertilizer over the fields into centre of being expert in ridging, and then earthing is into ridge；
Top dressing nitrogen consumption is 4.0-4.5kg/ mu purity nitrogens, and top dressing puies forward the special top dressing of seed manure, tobacco and potassium sulfate group by tobacco is special
Into the special seed manure dosage that carries of tobacco is 7kg/ mus, and the special top dressing dosage of tobacco is 30-40kg/ mus, and sulfuric acid potassium application rate is 10kg/
Mu；Top dressing is applied using 5 water, and the method for top dressing is that top dressing is dissolved in the water, and uniformly pours fertilizer using dosing container and applies
Cigarette strain foundation portion.
2. Rice in Southern China according to claim 1 makees flue-cured tobacco nitrogen fertilizer applying method, it is characterised in that the method for described top dressing
Specifically, the 1st time 3-4 days after transplanting, with 2kg/ mu tobaccos it is special carry seed manure and be watered to pour apply；2nd 10-15 after transplanting
My god, with 3kg/ mu tobaccos it is special carry seed manure and be watered to pour apply；Seed manure is carried 20-25 days after transplanting, with 2kg/ mu tobaccos are special 3rd time
It is watered to pour with the special top dressing of 10-15kg/ mu tobaccos and applies；The 4th is chased after 30-35 days after transplanting with 20-25kg/ mu tobaccos are special
Fertilizer is watered to pour and applied；The 5th is watered to pour and applied 45 days after transplanting with 10kg/ mu potassium sulfates.
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| CN108967102A (en) * | 2018-08-07 | 2018-12-11 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | A method of improving nicotine content in tobacco leaf and quality of tobacco |
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| CN105993342A (en) * | 2016-05-16 | 2016-10-12 | 攀枝花市农林科学研究院 | Nitrogenous fertilizer applying method for HonghuaDajinyuantobacco |
| CN106489498A (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2017-03-15 | 湖南农业大学 | The cultural method of rice stubble flue-cured tobacco |
| CN108293385A (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2018-07-20 | 红塔烟草(集团)有限责任公司 | A kind of fertilizing method of flue-cured tobacco cultivars KRK26 |
| CN110651580B (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2022-10-18 | 湖南农业大学 | Fertilizing method for tobacco in rice-crop tobacco area |
| CN113079994B (en) * | 2021-04-12 | 2023-03-21 | 湖北省烟草科学研究院 | Alternate ditching and deep turning ridge planting crop cultivation method |
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