CN105324213A

CN105324213A - Coated abrasive article based on a sunflower pattern

Info

Publication number: CN105324213A
Application number: CN201480035212.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: A·赛思
Original assignee: Saint Gobain Abrasifs SA; Saint Gobain Abrasives Inc
Current assignee: Saint Gobain Abrasifs SA; Saint Gobain Abrasives Inc
Priority date: 2013-06-28
Filing date: 2014-06-27
Publication date: 2016-02-10
Anticipated expiration: 2034-06-27
Also published as: BR112015031335A2; TW201500148A; KR20160021250A; KR101832124B1; JP6805292B2; JP2019166634A; JP6588895B2; EP3013528A4; CA2915506C; CN105324213B; AU2014302200A1; JP2016523726A; WO2014210470A1; AU2014302200B2; TWI589404B; EP3013528A1; CA2915506A1; US20150004889A1

Abstract

An abrasive article having a plurality of abrasive areas arranged in a non-uniform distribution pattern, wherein the pattern is spiral or phyllotactic, such as a spiral lattice, and in particular those patterns described by the Vogel model, such as a sunflower pattern.

Description

Based on sunflower pattern through coated abrasives

Technical field

The disclosure relates generally to abrasive material, and more particularly relate to through coated abrasives, the described abrasive segments through coated abrasives with the pattern based on sunflower, described abrasive segments can be the combination of discrete, continuous print, semi-continuous and these forms.

Background technology

Such as through the abrasive products such as coated abrasives in various industry in order to by hand or by machine process, such as carry out grinding work-piece by polish, polishing or polishing.Utilize the machining of abrasive product to span and repair industry and metal production industry to the industry widely of building and carpenter's industry and consumer's scope from optics industry, automobile coating.Consumer is also usual to complete such as by machining that the use of hand or common tools such as such as orbital polisher (with arbor and fixed axis) and belt vibration sander etc. is carried out in domestic. applications.In each in these examples, abrasive material is in order to remove surfacing, and impact is by the surface characteristic (such as, flatness, surface roughness, gloss) of lapped face.In addition, various types of automated programming system has been developed to have the goods of various composition and configuration with lapping mode process.

Surface characteristic especially comprises light, texture, gloss, surface roughness and uniformity.In particular, measure such as the surface characteristic such as roughness and gloss to determine quality.For example, when coating or paint surfaces, some shortcoming or blemish may be there is during applying or solidification process.These surface defectivity or blemish may comprise pit, " orange peel " texture, " flake " or the bubble be encapsulated and dust defect.Usually, by first carrying out sand milling with coarseness abrasive material, then carry out sand milling with the granularity abrasive material that is tapered subsequently, and even carry out polishing with pulvinus or foam pad until realize required smoothness, remove by these defects in paint surfaces.Therefore, use the character of abrasive product to smooth out with the fingers to affect surface quality substantially.

Except surface characteristic, industry also operates relevant cost sensitivity to abrasive material.The factor affecting running cost comprises: the speed can preparing surface, and in order to the cost of the material of preparing described surface.Usually, industry seeks the cost-effective material with high material removal rate.

But, represent abrasive material that height removes speed and realize required surface characteristic aspect through being everlasting and represent bad performance.Therefore, the abrasive material producing required surface characteristic often has low material removal rate.For this reason, the preparation on surface is often the multi-step process of the abrasive sheet using various grade.Usually, the surface blemish (such as, cut) introduced by a step is in one or more subsequent step, use the granularity abrasive material that is tapered to repair (such as, removing).Therefore, the overall increase of the time that the abrasive material introducing cut and surface blemish causes increasing in subsequent processing steps, workload and material cost and total processing cost.

The extra factor affecting material removal rate and surface quality is that abrasive material " loading " has " abrasive dust ", and described abrasive dust is namely from the material of surface of the work grinding, and it often accumulates on the surface of abrasive product and between abrasive product.Loading is unacceptable, because load the validity of reduction abrasive product usually and also adversely can affect surface characteristic because increase scratches the possibility of defect.

Although made various effort to reduce the accumulation of abrasive dust, such as smooth out with the fingers fluid to be incorporated on surface of the work to rinse out abrasive dust, and apply vacuum system to take away abrasive dust when producing abrasive dust, but still sustainable existence is to promoting effectively grinding and the demand through improvement, cost-effective abrasive product, technique and system through improving surface characteristic.

Accompanying drawing explanation

The disclosure can be understood better by reference to accompanying drawing, and make those skilled in the art understand many feature and advantage of the present disclosure.

Fig. 1 has the embodiment through coated abrasives disk of the controlled uneven distribution in abrasive material region (also referred to as, point) according to of the present invention without any hole.

Fig. 2 is the explanation of the embodiment through coated abrasives in the abrasive material region of the form had in multiple spiral arm, and described spiral arm is by meeting the point of Vogel model.

Fig. 3 has the explanation of the embodiment through coated abrasives disk in the abrasive material region corresponding to the phyllotaxy spiral pattern with clockwise and counterclockwise parastichy according to of the present invention without any hole, the Helical lattice of a described phyllotaxy spiral pattern type specifically.

Fig. 4 is another explanation according to the embodiment through coated abrasives disk without any hole of the present invention, the described abrasive material region through coated abrasives disk with the form of the phyllotaxy spiral pattern in clockwise and counterclockwise parastichy.

Fig. 5 is the explanation according to another embodiment through coated abrasives disk of the present invention, described have abrasive material region corresponding to the phyllotaxy spiral pattern with clockwise and counterclockwise parastichy in conjunction with the circular abrasive material region of described parastichy infall through coated abrasives disk, the Helical lattice of a described phyllotaxy spiral pattern type specifically.

Fig. 6 is the explanation of the Vogel model according to the arrangement for abrasive material region of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is another explanation according to Vogel model of the present invention, and it shows the numerical value ordered series of numbers of the arrangement in abrasive material region.

Fig. 8 A to 8C is the explanation according to the phyllotaxy spiral pattern settled for the abrasive material region on coated abrasives of the present invention, and described pattern meets Vogel model and has the different angles of divergence.

Fig. 9 is the explanation according to another embodiment through coated abrasives disk of the present invention, described have abrasive material region corresponding to the phyllotaxy spiral pattern with clockwise and counterclockwise parastichy in conjunction with the circular abrasive material region of all size of described parastichy infall through coated abrasives disk, the Helical lattice of a described phyllotaxy spiral pattern type specifically.

Figure 10 is the explanation according to another embodiment through coated abrasives disk of the present invention, and described have abrasive material region corresponding to the phyllotaxy spiral pattern with branch inclined alignment in conjunction with the circular abrasive material region of all size of described parastichy bifurcation through coated abrasives disk.

Figure 11 is the explanation according to another embodiment through coated abrasives disk of the present invention, and described have abrasive material region corresponding to the phyllotaxy spiral pattern with the clockwise parastichy of branch in conjunction with the circular abrasive material region of all size of described parastichy bifurcation through coated abrasives disk.

Figure 12 is the explanation according to another embodiment through coated abrasives disk of the present invention, and described have abrasive material region corresponding to the phyllotaxy spiral pattern with the clockwise and counterclockwise parastichy of branch in conjunction with the circular abrasive material region of all size of described parastichy bifurcation through coated abrasives disk.

Figure 13 is the explanation according to another embodiment through coated abrasives disk of the present invention, and described have abrasive material region corresponding to the phyllotaxy spiral pattern with branch inclined alignment in conjunction with the circular abrasive material region of all size of described parastichy bifurcation through coated abrasives disk.

Figure 14 is the explanation according to another embodiment through coated abrasives disk of the present invention, and described have abrasive material region corresponding to the phyllotaxy spiral pattern with branch inclined alignment in conjunction with the circular abrasive material region of all size of described parastichy bifurcation through coated abrasives disk.

Figure 15 is according to the graph image with the embodiment of the abrasive material zone map in 148 abrasive material regions of the present invention.

Figure 16 is the explanation of the embodiment of the alternative abrasives pattern of transposition according to the abrasive material pattern as Figure 15 of the present invention.

Figure 17 be based on Figure 16 pattern helically with the explanation of the embodiment in the abrasive material region of the form of arc.

Figure 18 is according to the graph image with the one exemplary embodiment of the abrasive material zone map in 344 abrasive material regions of the present invention.

Figure 19 is the explanation of the one exemplary embodiment of transposition according to the abrasive material zone map as Figure 18 of the present invention.

Figure 20 is the explanation of the one exemplary embodiment according to the pad for subsequent use as the pattern of apertures cooperation with Figure 19 of the present invention.

Figure 21 is the cross-sectional view according to the embodiment through coated abrasives of the present invention.

The use of the same reference numeral during difference is graphic indicates similar or identical project.

Detailed description of the invention

In one embodiment, abrasive product comprise have multiple abrasive material region through coated abrasives, described abrasive material region is arranged to the pattern with controlled uneven distribution.Described pattern can be any pattern with controlled uneven distribution, comprises radial pattern, spiral pattern, phyllotaxy pattern, asymmetric pattern or its combination.The example of combination pattern is Helical lattice pattern.Described pattern can partly, essence Shangdi or fully asymmetric.(namely described pattern can cover, be distributed in top) whole abrasive product, whole in fact abrasive product (that is, be greater than 50% but be less than 100%) can be covered, multiple parts of abrasive product can be covered, maybe can cover an only part for abrasive product.

Controlled " uneven distribution " means that (namely described pattern has controlled asymmetry, controlled randomness), although make the distribution in abrasive material region describe by such as radial, spiral or phyllotaxy equation or predict, described pattern still represents at least partly to asymmetry completely.

Controlled asymmetry can be controlled reflection asymmetry (also referred to as mirror symmetry, line symmetry and Zygomorphy), controlled rotation asymmetry, controlled translational symmetry, controlled slip reflection symmetry, or its combination.The example of uneven distribution for having for radial, the spiral of the rotational symmetry of single order or phyllotaxy pattern and demonstrate, can mean that this pattern does not have rotational symmetry, because described pattern only repeats self once during rotating around 360 ° of its center.In other words, if two copies of same definite pattern be directly placed in top and copy each other keep constant and triplicate around its center rotating 360 degrees, so all abrasive material regions of two copies are smoothed out with the fingers and are only aimed at once during described 360 ° rotate.

Usually, all abrasive material regions (that is, whole pattern) of pattern are smoothed out with the fingers and are had controlled asymmetry.But, expect and also comprise following pattern according to the pattern of the embodiment of the present invention: wherein the only part (that is, a part for pattern) in whole abrasive material regions of pattern has controlled asymmetry.This can be such as uniformly distributed the part of pattern or completely random pattern by combination and have been controlled the pattern of controlled uneven distribution or smoothed out with the fingers the part that is uniformly distributed pattern or completely random pattern and be substituted by the pattern controlling controlled uneven distribution and have controlled uneven distribution with the only part in the abrasive material region making gained pattern and occur.The part with total abrasive material region of controlled inhomogeneities can be quantified as discrete digital, or the mark of the sum in the abrasive material region of pattern, percentage this or ratio.In one embodiment, pattern abrasive material region at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.9% have controlled asymmetry.The part having the abrasive material region of the pattern of controlled asymmetry can be in comprise any a pair previous upper and lower bound scope in.In a particular embodiment, about 50% of pattern has controlled uneven distribution to about 99.9%, about 60% to about 99.5%, about 75% to about 99%.

In another embodiment, pattern is at least about 5 abrasive material regions, at least about 10 abrasive material regions, at least about 15 abrasive material regions, at least about 20 abrasive material regions, have controlled asymmetry at least about 25 abrasive material regions or at least about on 50 abrasive material regions.In another embodiment, pattern is being not more than about 100,000 abrasive material region, be not more than about 10,000 abrasive material region, be not more than about 5,000 abrasive material region, be not more than about 2,500 abrasive material regions, be not more than about 1,000 abrasive material region, be not more than about 750 abrasive material regions or be not more than on about 500 abrasive material regions and have controlled asymmetry.The number having the abrasive material region of controlled asymmetry can in the scope comprising any a pair previous upper and lower bound.

As mentioned above, the pattern of the embodiment of the present invention can be any pattern with controlled uneven distribution, comprises radial pattern, spiral pattern, phyllotaxy pattern, asymmetric pattern or its combination.The example of combination pattern is Helical lattice pattern.Smooth out with the fingers and recognize, it can be radial pattern, spiral pattern, phyllotaxy pattern and asymmetric pattern that Helical lattice pattern can be categorized as.Radial pattern can be any pattern shown as from central point radiation, the spoke of the wheel hub radiation of such as trailing wheel.

In one embodiment, spiral pattern can be from the central point radiation abrasive product and any curve remotely extended gradually when it rotates around central point or collection of curves.Described central point can be positioned at abrasive product center or near, or alternatively away from the center of abrasive product.Single spiral or multi-spiral (that is, multiple spiral) can be there is.Described spiral can be discrete or continuous print, separate or associating.Spiral separately can never isocenter radiation (that is, each spiral has its oneself central point), can radiate (that is, each spiral Sharing Center point), or it combines from common center point.Spiral pattern can comprise: Archimedian screw; Euler's spiral, examines knob spiral, or clothoid; Fermat spiral; Double curve screw; Lituus; Logarithmic spiral; Fibonacci spiral; Golden spiral; Or its combination.

In one embodiment, described pattern can be phyllotaxy pattern.As used herein, " phyllotaxy pattern " means the pattern relevant to phyllotaxy.Phyllotaxy is the layout of the lateral organ such as such as leaf, flower, scale, little Hua and seed in the plant of numerous species.The feature of many phyllotaxy patterns is the abiogenous phenomenon of the obvious pattern with arc, spiral and screw thread.The pattern of the seed in the head of sunflower is the example of this phenomenon.As shown in Figures 3 and 4, can its initial point be had and outwards advance at central point (C) also referred to as multiple arc of parastichy or spiral, and other spiral rises and fills the gap stayed by internal helicoid.See " phyllotaxy: the system research that phytomorph occurs " the 17th page of Jean.Spiral pattern is arranged and often be can be considered in clockwise and counterclockwise both direction to external radiation.As shown in Figure 4, the pattern of these types has can by (m, n) the obviously relative parastichy pair represented, wherein the spiral apart from central point one distance of radiation or the number of arc are " m " in the clockwise direction, and the spiral of radiation or the number of arc are " n " counterclockwise.In addition, between two continuous helicals or arc, angle is at its center called the angle of divergence " d ".Inventor is surprised to find, and phyllotaxy pattern has for creating for abrasive product, especially through the new pattern of coated abrasives.

In one embodiment, described pattern has several clock wise spirals and several counter-clockwise helical, and wherein the number of clock wise spirals and the number of counter-clockwise helical are the multiples of Fibonacci number or Fibonacci number.In a particular embodiment, the number of clock wise spirals and the number of counter-clockwise helical are as to (m, n) be: (3,5), (5,8), (8,13), (13,21), (21,34), (34,55), (55,89), (89,144) or these right multiples.In another embodiment, the number of clock wise spirals and the number of counter-clockwise helical are the multiples of Lucas numbers or Lucas numbers.In a particular embodiment, the number of clock wise spirals and the number of counter-clockwise helical are as to (m, n) be: (3,4), (4,7), (7,11), (11,18), (18,29), (29,47), (47,76) or (76,123) or these right multiples.In another embodiment, the number of clock wise spirals and the number of counter-clockwise helical are into any numeral of the ratio converging on gold ratio, wherein gold ratio equals 1 and adds the square root sum of 5 divided by 2:(1+ √ 5)/2, it approximates 1.6180339887.In a particular embodiment, the ratio of clock wise spirals and counter-clockwise helical approximates gold ratio.

As mentioned above, the Seed cloth having observed sunflower plants is in essence set to spiral phyllotaxy pattern.In one embodiment, described pattern is sunflower pattern.

By Vogel model, sunflower pattern is described, the spiral at described Vogel model to be a type " Fibonacci spiral " or the angle of divergence wherein between continuity point the be fixing Fibonacci angle close to gold angle, described gold angle equals 137.508 °.

Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 illustrates Vogel model, and it is:

(equation 1)

Wherein:

N is the sequence number of little Hua, outwards counts from center;

it is the angle between reference direction and the position vector rising in the n-th little Hua in the polar coordinate system of capitate center, angle of divergence alpha between the position vector making any two continuous little Hua is constant, and is in 137.508 ° about sunflower pattern;

R is the distance at the center apart from capitate center and the n-th little Hua; And

C is constant bi-directional scaling factor.

In one embodiment, by the change of Vogel model or Vogel model, described pattern is described.In a particular embodiment, by Vogel model, described pattern is described, wherein:

N is the sequence number in abrasive material region, outwards counts from the center of pattern;

be the n-th abrasive material region in the polar coordinate system of reference direction and the center rising in pattern position vector between angle, the angle of divergence between the position vector making any two continuous abrasive material regions is constant angle α;

R is the distance from the center of pattern to the center in the n-th abrasive material region;

And c is constant bi-directional scaling factor.

As mentioned above, smooth out with the fingers by (that is, meeting) Vogel model describe the abrasive material region of described pattern whole, in fact all or part of.In one embodiment, whole abrasive material regions of described pattern are described by Vogel model.In another embodiment, the abrasive material region of at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99% is described by Vogel model.

In another embodiment, suitable spiral or phyllotaxy pattern can be produced from x and the y coordinate of any phyllotaxy pattern, described any phyllotaxy pattern such as Vogel model or have other suitable pattern of controlled uneven distribution, comprises radial pattern, spiral pattern, phyllotaxy pattern, asymmetric pattern or its combination.In one embodiment, x and the y coordinate of spiral or phyllotaxy pattern is through transposition and rotate with the x ' determining spiral or phyllotaxy pattern and y ' coordinate, and wherein θ equals π/n (in radian) and n is according to following equational any integer:

Can such as by use computer aided drawing (CAD) Software on Drawing to produce through transposition and rotational coordinates (x ' and y ') to produce spiral or phyllotaxy pattern.Show the specific embodiment through transposition phyllotaxy pattern in Figure 16 and Figure 19, Figure 16 is the transposition of the phyllotaxy pattern of Figure 15, and Figure 19 is the transposition of the phyllotaxy pattern of Figure 18.

Inventor has been surprised to find phyllotaxy pattern new pattern for creating the performance improving abrasive product, and described abrasive product comprises fixed abrasive articles, such as bonded abrasive article and through coated abrasives.In particular, phyllotaxy pattern has for creating for the new abrasive material zone map through coated abrasives.Phyllotaxy pattern helps to solve the while that the height realizing surfacing removing speed and still realizes accepting surface quality, reduces the abrasive dust heap(ed) capacity on abrasive surface and maintains the high-durability of abrasive material and the race problem of long life.This part ground is wonderful at least following.First, compared with prior art abrasive material pattern, even if when total abrasive material area is less than total abrasive material area of prior art pattern, the improvement that the phyllotaxy pattern of the embodiment of the present invention also unexpectedly provides excellent abrasive dust to remove covering and there is abrasive dust on the face of abrasive material extract site (such as, open area, path and/or passage) and abrasive material region (such as, as describe herein and show in indivedual abrasive material point, the form of elongated node, semicontinuous arc, screw thread, spiral and combination thereof) more complete mixed distribution.Second, compared with prior art pattern, when applying and not applying vacuum, even if when total abrasive material area is less than total abrasive material area of prior art pattern, the phyllotaxy pattern of the embodiment of the present invention is also unexpectedly provided to and is equivalent to excellent abrasive properties (such as, build-up materials cutting) less.3rd, as discussed more in detail after a while in the application, when the pad for subsequent use and vacuum system with cooperation matches, the validity of the embodiment of the present invention and performance can further strengthen.

Smooth out with the fingers understanding, importance for the design through coated abrasives comprises: the long-pending percentage of total abrasive surface this, total abrasive surface amasss the ratio with open area, when abrasive product in use time the predicted position of abrasive material region overlay and ductility (such as, in rotary moving in orbital sander, vibration in chip sander is moved, continuous transverse in belt sander moves), bi-directional scaling factor, the number in abrasive material region, the angle of divergence between abrasive material region, the size and shape in abrasive material region, distance between contiguous abrasive material region, and through the distance between the most external abrasive material region and one or more edge of coated abrasives.

The size of abrasive material disk

Industry neutralization of commercial consumer uses the abrasive material of all size usually, and the usual scope of described size is very little to the some feet of diameter from about diameter fraction of an inch.Pattern of the present invention is suitable for using on the abrasive material of most of any size, comprises the abrasive material disk (such as, 3 inches to 20 inches) of various normal size.In one embodiment, abrasive product be diameter be at least about 0.25 inch, at least about 0.5 inch, at least about 1.0 inches, at least about 1.5 inches, at least about 2.0 inches, at least about 2.5 inches or at least about the round disk of 3.0 inches.In another embodiment, abrasive product is that diameter is not more than about 72 inches, is not more than about 60 inches, is not more than about 48 inches, is not more than about 36 inches, is not more than about 24 inches, is not more than about 20 inches, is not more than about 18 inches, is not more than about 12 inches, is not more than about 10 inches, is not more than about 9 inches, is not more than about 8 inches, is not more than about 7 inches or be not more than the round disk of about 6 inches.In another embodiment, the scope of abrasive product size be from diameter about 0.5 inch to diameter about 48 inches, diameter about 1.0 inches is to diameter about 20 inches, diameter about 1.5 inches to diameter about 12 inches.

Total potential surface area

The total potential surface area of the size and shape determination abrasive product of abrasive product.For example, the total potential surface area of the abrasive material disk of diameter 1 inch is 0.7854 square inch.As another example, be measured as 2 inches and take advantage of the rectangle abrasive sheet of 3 inches to smooth out with the fingers the total potential surface area with 6 square inches.

Total open area

Total open area affects abrasive dust extracted amount.Usually, along with open surface accumulated amount increases, abrasive dust extracted amount also increases, and this is tending towards maintaining or sometimes improving abrasive product material removal rate during use (that is, " cutting " speed).But increase open surface accumulated amount and also directly reduce available abrasive material amount of area, this smoothes out with the fingers reduction material removal rate to a certain extent.In one embodiment, total open area equals the area sum of all open areas on the face of abrasive product.In other words, the total potential surface that total open area equals abrasive product deducts total abrasive material area (that is, all abrasive material area sums).Therefore, depend on required abrasive material amount of area, the scope of total open surface accumulated amount can be about 15% to about 95.5% of total potential surface area.In one embodiment, total open area be the total potential surface area of abrasive product at least about 15%, at least about 20%, at least about 25%, at least about 30%, at least about 35%, at least about 40%, at least about 45%, at least about 50%, at least about 55%, at least about 60%, at least about 65%, at least about 70%, at least about 75% or at least about 80%.In another embodiment, total open area is not more than about 95.5%, is not more than about 95%, is not more than about 94.5%, is not more than about 94%, is not more than about 93.5%, is not more than about 93%, is not more than about 92.5%, is not more than about 92%, is not more than about 91.5%, is not more than about 91%, is not more than about 90.5% or be not more than about 90%.The amount of total open area can in the scope comprising any a pair previous upper and lower bound.In another embodiment, the scope of total open area is to about 91% or about 80% to about 90% from about 65% to about 93%, about 70% to about 92%, about 75%.Total open area can be considered discrete magnitude instead of percentage this.For example, five inches of abrasive material disks can have scope from total open area of about 2.95 square inches to about 18.75 square inches.

Total abrasive surface amasss

Total abrasive surface amasss the surfacing amount affecting and remove.Usually, along with total abrasive surface accumulated amount increases, the surfacing amount removed increases.And usually, along with the surfacing amount removed increases, the trend that abrasive dust is piled up increases and surface roughness is tending towards increasing.In one embodiment, amass through total abrasive surface of coated abrasives the total potential surface (that is, if there is no hole then for abrasive surface amasss) equaling abrasive product and deduct total open area (that is, all open area sums).Therefore, depend on required open surface accumulated amount, the scope of total abrasive surface accumulated amount can be from total potential surface area about 4.5% to about 85%.In one embodiment, total abrasive material area be the total potential surface area of abrasive product at least about 4%, at least about 4.5%, at least about 5%, at least about 5.5%, at least about 6%, at least about 7.5%, at least about 8%, at least about 8.5%, at least about 9%, at least about 9.5% or at least about 10%.In another embodiment, total abrasive material area is not more than about 85%, is not more than about 80%, is not more than about 75%, is not more than about 70%, is not more than about 65%, is not more than about 60%, is not more than about 55%, is not more than about 50%, is not more than about 45%, is not more than about 40%, is not more than about 35%, is not more than about 30%, is not more than about 25% or be not more than about 20%.The amount of total abrasive material area can in the scope comprising any a pair previous upper and lower bound.In another embodiment, the scope of total abrasive material area is to about 25% or about 10% to about 20% from about 7% to about 35%, about 8% to about 30%, about 9%.Total abrasive material area can be considered discrete magnitude instead of percentage this.For example, 5 inch disk can have scope and amass from total abrasive surface of about 0.88 square inch to about 16.69 square inches.

Total abrasive surface amasss the ratio with total open area

In one embodiment, total abrasive surface amasss and to be at least about 1: 199 with the ratio of total open area, at least about 1: 99, at least about 1: 65.7, at least about 1: 49, at least about 1: 39, at least about 1: 29, at least about 1: 19 or at least about 1: 9.In another embodiment, total abrasive surface amasss and is not more than about 1: 0.05 with the ratio of total open area, is not more than about 1: 0.1, is not more than about 1: 0.2, is not more than about 1: 0.3, is not more than about 1: 0.4, is not more than about 1: 0.5, is not more than about 1: 0.6, is not more than about 1: 0.7, is not more than about 1: 0.8, is not more than about 1: 0.9 or be not more than about 1: 1.Total abrasive surface amasss can in the scope comprising any a pair previous upper and lower bound with the ratio of total open area.

The number in abrasive material region

The number in abrasive material region affects open area total amount and total abrasive material amount of area.In addition, the number in abrasive material region affects density and the distribution of the abrasive material covering on the surface of abrasive product, and this surfacing directly affecting again abrasive product removes speed and abrasive dust extraction efficiency.In one embodiment, the number in abrasive material region is at least about 5, at least about 10, at least about 15, at least about 18 or at least about 21.In another embodiment, the number in abrasive material region is not more than about 100, and 000, be not more than about 50,000, be not more than about 10,000, be not more than about 1,000, be not more than about 800, be not more than about 750, be not more than about 600 or be not more than about 550.The number in abrasive material region can in the scope comprising any a pair previous upper and lower bound.In another embodiment, the number range in abrasive material region is from about 21 to about 10,000, about 25 to about 1, and 000, about 30 are to about 750 or about 35 to about 550.In a particular embodiment, the number in abrasive material region is in about 21 scopes to about 550.

The angle of divergence

Increase or reduction angle of divergence alpha affect abrasive material region and how to be placed in pattern and shape that is clockwise and counter-clockwise helical.The angle of divergence equals 360 ° divided by constant or variable value, and therefore the angle of divergence can be constant value or alterable.Observe, the little change of the angle of divergence significantly can change pattern.Fig. 8 a, Fig. 8 b show only different in the value of angle of divergence phyllotaxy patterns with Fig. 8 c.The angle of divergence of Fig. 8 a is 137.3 °.The angle of divergence of Fig. 8 b is 137.5 °.The angle of divergence of Fig. 8 c is 137.6 °.In one embodiment, the angle of divergence be at least about 30 °, at least about 45 °, at least about 60 °, at least about 90 ° or at least about 120 °.In another embodiment, the angle of divergence is less than 180 °, such as, be not more than about 150 °.The angle of divergence can in the scope comprising any a pair previous upper and lower bound.In another embodiment, the scope of the angle of divergence be from about 90 ° to about 179 °, about 120 ° to about 150 °, about 130 ° to about 140 ° or about 135 ° to about 139 °.In one embodiment, the angle of divergence determines divided by irrational number by smoothing out with the fingers 360 °.In a particular embodiment, the angle of divergence determines divided by gold ratio by smoothing out with the fingers 360 °.In a particular embodiment, the angle of divergence in the scope of about 137 ° to about 138 °, such as about 137.5 ° to about 137.6 °, such as about 137.50 ° to about 137.51 °.In a particular embodiment, the angle of divergence is 137.508 °.

To the distance at the edge of abrasive material

Depend on geometry and the given application thereof of abrasive product, the overall dimension of pattern can be determined.Distance from the center of pattern to most external abrasive material region may extend into the distance be connected with the edge of abrasive product.Therefore, the edge in most external abrasive material region may extend into the edge of abrasive product or intersects with it.Alternatively, the distance from the center of pattern to most external abrasive material region may extend into a distance, and described distance allows the space of a certain amount between the edge in most external abrasive material region and the edge of abrasive product not containing abrasive material region.The minimum range at the edge apart from most external abrasive material region can be specified on demand.In one embodiment, the minimum range from the edge in most external abrasive material region to the external margin of abrasive product is specific range, its be identified as discrete length or occur pattern abrasive product face length percentage this.In one embodiment, minimum range from the edge in most external abrasive material region to the external margin of abrasive product can be at least about zero (that is, the edge in most external abrasive material region with the intersect edge of abrasive product or be connected) to the face of abrasive product length about 15%.

The size in abrasive material region

The size in abrasive material region is determined at least in part by abrasive material area total amount needed for abrasive product.The large I in abrasive material region is constant in whole pattern, or can change in pattern.In one embodiment, the size in abrasive material region is constant.In another embodiment, the size in abrasive material region changes along with the distance at the center of abrasive material region distance pattern.

Bi-directional scaling factor

Bi-directional scaling factor affects size of population and the size of pattern.Adjustable bi-directional scaling factor is to make the edge in most external abrasive material region in the required separation distance of the external margin of abrasive product.

Distance between nearest contiguous abrasive material region

Together with the number in abrasive material region and the consideration of size, the distance between the center can determining nearest contiguous abrasive material region.Distance between the center in any two abrasive material regions is considered along with other design and becomes.In one embodiment, the beeline between the center in any two abrasive material regions never repeats (that is, center to center spacing is never definitely identical distance).The spacing of this type is also the example of controlled asymmetry.

Pattern covers-acceptable abnormal amount

Smooth out with the fingers understanding, pattern does not need overall with it or puts on abrasive product in a continuous manner.Can apply or skip some parts of pattern, make the various subregion in the face of abrasive product or sector can not carry whole pattern.In one embodiment, can skip 1/2nd of pattern, 1/3rd, 1/4th, 1/5th, 1/6th, 1/7th, 1/8th, 1/9th or 1/10th.In another embodiment, pattern can put on only one or more annular concentric district of abrasive product.In another embodiment, the one or many person skipped in the abrasive material region of usually smoothing out with the fingers and to appear at along indivedual arc of pattern or spiral arm in a series of abrasive material region is possible.In one embodiment, can skip the abrasive material region of the multiple of every n-th or every n-th.In another embodiment, can skip indivedual abrasive material region, abrasive material region group or the abrasive material region according to special value progression.On the contrary, it is also possible that the extra abrasive material region of smoothing out with the fingers a certain amount covers pattern.The interpolation in abrasive material region or deduct the exception that can be considered pattern, and the exception (plus or minus) of a certain amount of pattern can be acceptable.In one embodiment, pattern can the scope of exception of receiving amount can be 0.1% to 10% of the total abrasive material area from abrasive product.

The shape in abrasive material region

Overlay capacity can be subject to the shape impact in abrasive material region.The shape in abrasive material region can be regular or irregular.In one embodiment, the shape in abrasive material region can be following form: short-term, regular polygon, irregular polygon, ellipsoid, circle, arc, spiral, screw thread, dot matrix or its combination.In a particular embodiment, abrasive material region has round shape.In another embodiment, the shape in abrasive material region can in the form with one or more line of controlled uneven distribution as described herein, arc, spiral or convolution.One or more line described, arc, spiral or convolution can have multiple line and intersect.

Described abrasive material region can be configured to make when removing all there is sufficient abrasive dust when the back side addition of vacuum of abrasive product or non-addition of vacuum.In one embodiment, the form of the spiral that extends in the center outward radial from abrasive product of abrasive material region or parastichy.Described spiral or parastichy can be configured to produce airflow path in the open area between abrasive material region.In another embodiment, abrasive material region is formed as being similar to Helical lattice.Hole can be positioned at the open area closed by described dot matrix.It is believed that and be connected with the external margin fluid of abrasive product or be connected with the pore-fluid opened to vacuum source in abrasive product or the existence of open area of both of these case is smoothed out with the fingers and promoted that abrasive dust removes.These abrasive material regions and the open area that are configured to generation air flow path smooth out with the fingers guiding abrasive dust, make abrasive dust by centrifugal force from the ejection of abrasive material region or directly enter the hole of vacuum system, therefore prevent the abrasive material region on the face of abrasive product and may be attached to abrasive product dorsal part any opened fiber layer (such as hook and loop material layer) in the carrying secretly of abrasive dust.

In one embodiment, the pattern in abrasive material region can comprise regular polygon, irregular polygon, ellipsoid, arc, spiral, phyllotaxy pattern or its combination.The pattern in abrasive material region can comprise radiating arc, radiating helical or its combination.The pattern in abrasive material region can comprise the combination of internal radiation spiral and external radiation spiral.The pattern in abrasive material region can comprise the combination of clockwise radiating helical and counterclockwise radiating helical.Abrasive material region can be discrete from one another or discontinuous.Alternatively, one or many person in abrasive material region can connect by fluid.

Radiating arc, radiating helical or its variable number combined.In one embodiment, the number of radiating arc, radiating helical or its combination can be not more than 1000, such as, be not more than 750, be not more than 500, be not more than 250, be not more than 100, be not more than 90, be not more than 80 or be not more than 75.In one embodiment, the number of radiating arc, radiating helical or its combination can be not less than 2, such as, be not less than 3, be not less than 5, be not less than 7, be not less than 9, be not less than 11, be not less than 15 or be not less than 20.In one embodiment, radiating arc, radiating helical or its number combined can be 2 to 500, such as 2 to 100.

The variable-width in abrasive material region.The width in abrasive material region can be constant or change or its combination.In one embodiment, the width in abrasive material region can in the scope of regular length.In one embodiment, the width in abrasive material region can change from 0.1mm to 10cm.In another embodiment, to smooth out with the fingers to abrasive product needed for contiguous open area size relevant for the width in abrasive material region.In one embodiment, the width in abrasive material region is not less than 1/10 of the size of the open area of abrasive product, such as, be not less than 1/8 of the size of the open area through coated abrasives, 1/6,1/5,1/4,1/3 or 1/2.In one embodiment, the width in abrasive material region is not more than 10 times of the size of the open area through coated abrasives, such as, be not more than 8 times of the size of the open area through coated abrasives, be not more than 6 times, be not more than 5 times, be not more than 4 times, be not more than 3 times, be not more than 2 times.In one embodiment, the width in abrasive material region approximates the size of the open area through coated abrasives.

In another embodiment, abrasive material region can through moulding and be configured to be formed the multiple air flow path be arranged in pattern.The pattern of air flow path can comprise regular polygon, irregular polygon, ellipsoid, arc, spiral, phyllotaxy pattern or its combination.The pattern of air flow path can comprise radiation curved path, radiating helical path or its combination.The pattern of air flow path can comprise the combination of internal radiation spiral path and external radiation spiral path.The pattern of air flow path can comprise the combination in clockwise radiating helical path and counterclockwise radiating helical path.Air flow path can be discrete from one another or discontinuous.Alternatively, one or many person in air flow path can connect by fluid.

Radiation curved path (" arc "), radiating helical path or its variable number combined.In one embodiment, the number of radiation curved path, radiating helical path or its combination can be not more than 1000, such as, be not more than 750, be not more than 500, be not more than 250, be not more than 100, be not more than 90, be not more than 80 or be not more than 75.In one embodiment, the number of radiation curved path, radiating helical path or its combination can be not less than 2, such as, be not less than 3, be not less than 5, be not less than 7, be not less than 9, be not less than 11, be not less than 15 or be not less than 20.In one embodiment, radiation curved path, radiating helical path or its number combined can be 2 to 500, such as 2 to 100.

The variable-width of air flow path.The width of air flow path can be constant or change or its combination.In one embodiment, the width of air flow path can in the scope of regular length.In one embodiment, the width of air flow path can change from 0.1mm to 10cm.In another embodiment, the width of air flow path is smoothed out with the fingers relevant to the size through coated abrasives region.In one embodiment, the width of air flow path is not less than 1/10 of the size in the abrasive material region through coated abrasives, such as, be not less than 1/8,1/6,1/5,1/4,1/3 or 1/2 of the size in the abrasive material region through coated abrasives.In one embodiment, the width of air flow path is not more than 10 times of the size in the abrasive material region through coated abrasives, such as, be not more than 8 times of the size in the abrasive material region through coated abrasives, be not more than 6 times, be not more than 5 times, be not more than 4 times, be not more than 3 times, be not more than 2 times.In one embodiment, the width of air flow path approximates the size in the abrasive material region through coated abrasives.

Air flow path can have along air flow path or one or more chamber extending through the main body through abrasive product arranged in air flow path, aperture, path, hole, opening or its combination.In one embodiment, each air flow path smoothes out with the fingers at least one hole extending through the main body through abrasive product having and arrange in air flow path.

The shape of abrasive product and structure

The shape of abrasive product can be to smooth out with the fingers and adapts to required abrasive material zone map and any shape of smoothing out with the fingers by set abrasive construction technique and materials regulations.In one embodiment, abrasive product is bonded abrasive article.In one embodiment, abrasive product is through coated abrasives.In a particular embodiment, abrasive product is the one in sheet, band or round disk.

Fig. 1 shows the top view through the embodiment of coated abrasives 100, described multiple abrasive material regions 101 through coated abrasives 100 with the pattern being arranged to have uneven distribution, wherein said pattern is the phyllotaxy spiral pattern (being commonly referred to " sunflower " pattern) meeting Vogel model.Open area 103 is around abrasive material region.Through the shape that coated abrasives is plane (that is, flat) round disk in fact.

Figure 21 shows through the side view of coated abrasives 2100, describedly comprises the backing 2101 with the first first type surface 2103 and the second first type surface 2105 through coated abrasives 2100.Abrasive material 2107 is arranged on the first first type surface of backing.Described abrasive material can comprise multiple layer, comprises adhesive layer 2109, also referred to as bottom sizing coating.Multiple abrasive grain 2111 dispersibles in adhesive layer, penetrates in adhesive layer or be held on adhesive layer, or its combination.The pattern in abrasive material region 2113 is present on the surface of backing.One or more open area 2115 is smoothed out with the fingers and is adjacent to abrasive material region.Size coat 2117 is optionally arranged on adhesive layer.Top size coat 2119 is optionally arranged in size coat.Back coating 2121 can be arranged on second first type surface (that is, non-abrasive material side) of back sheet.Fastened layer 2123 can be arranged on back coating, or alternatively can directly be set on the second master of backing.In a particular embodiment, pad for subsequent use (not shown) or vacuum system (not shown) is optionally attached to through coated abrasives 2100.

Backing

Backing can be flexible or rigidity.Backing can be made up of the various materials of any number, comprises those materials being conventionally used as backing in the manufacture of coated abrasives.Exemplary flexible backings comprises: polymeric membrane (such as, primer film), such as polyolefin film (such as, comprising the polypropylene of bi-oriented polypropylene), polyester film (such as, PETG), PA membrane or cellulose ester membrane; Metal forming; Net; Foam (such as, natural sponge materials or polyurethane foam); Cloth (such as, by comprising polyester, nylon, silk, cotton, the fiber of polyester-cotton blend or staple fibre or the thread cloth of yarn); Paper; Vulcanized paper; Vulcanized rubber; Vulcanised fibre; Non-woven material; Its combination; Or its treated pattern.Cloth backing can be weaving or sew up engage.In particular instances, backing is selected from the group be made up of the following: paper, polymer film, cloth, cotton, polyester-cotton blend, staple fibre, polyester, terylene, vulcanized rubber, vulcanised fibre, metal forming, and combination.In other example, backing comprises polypropylene screen or PETG (PET) film.

Backing optionally has at least one in saturator, pre-sizing material layer or the gum bed of material.The object of these layers normally seals backing or protects the yarn in backing or fiber.If backing is cloth material, so usually use at least one in these layers.The interpolation of pre-sizing material layer or the gum bed of material can bring " more smooth " surface on the front side of backing or rear side in addition.Also other optional layer known in technique can be used (such as, to be interconnect layer; See U.S. Patent number 5,700,302 (people such as Stoetzel), disclosing of described United States Patent (USP) is incorporated herein by reference).

Anti-static material can be comprised in cloth process material.The interpolation of anti-static material can reduce the trend when carrying out sanding to wood or the material that is similar to wood through coated abrasives accumulation electrostatic.Additional detail about antistatic backings and backing process can see such as U.S. Patent number 5,108,463 (people such as Buchanan), 5,137,542 (people such as Buchanan), 5,328,716 (Buchanan) and 5,560,753 (people such as Buchanan), disclosing of above United States Patent (USP) is incorporated herein by reference.

Backing can be such as at U.S. Patent number 5,417, the reinforced fibre thermoplastic plastics described in 726 people such as () Stout, or such as at U.S. Patent number 5,573, the unlimited endless belt described in 619 people such as () Benedict, disclosing of above United States Patent (USP) is incorporated herein by reference.Equally, backing can be the polymeric substrates having and connect limb from its outstanding hook, and such as, at U.S. Patent number 5, described in 505,747 people such as () Chesley, disclosing of described United States Patent (USP) is incorporated herein by reference.Similarly, backing can be such as at U.S. Patent number 5, and the endless fabric described in 565,011 people such as () Follett, disclosing of described United States Patent (USP) is incorporated herein by reference.

Abrasive material

Abrasive material can be formed by one or more coating and multiple abrasive grain.For example, abrasive material comprises bottom sizing coating _ 09 and optionally comprises size coat or top size coat.Abrasive material usually comprise be arranged on binding agent, be embedded in binding agent, be scattered in binding agent in or abrasive grain of its combination.

Abrasive grain

Abrasive grain can comprise single-phase inorganic material in essence, such as aluminium oxide, carborundum, silica, ceria and harder high-performance superabrasive particles, such as cubic boron nitride and diamond.In addition, abrasive grain can comprise composite particulate material.These materials can comprise and gather materials, described gather materials by slurries process approach formed, described slurries process approach comprises by volatilizing or evaporate and removes liquid-carrier, thus stay give birth to gather materials, optionally then carry out high-temperature process (that is, firing) with formed available burn till gather materials.In addition, abrasive material district can comprise engineering abrasive material, and it comprises macrostructure and specific three dimensional structure.

In an exemplary embodiment, abrasive grain and binder formula admix to form abrasive water.Alternatively, backing smoothes out with the fingers abrasive grain after coated with adhesive formula to put on binder formula.Optionally, functional powders can be smoothed out with the fingers put in abrasive material district to prevent abrasive material district from adhering in patterned tool.Alternatively, pattern can be formed when there is not functional powders in abrasive material district.

Abrasive grain by any one in following abrasive grain or can be combined to form: comprise silica, aluminium oxide (fusion or sintering), zirconia, zirconia/aluminium oxide oxide, carborundum, garnet, diamond, cubic boron nitride, silicon nitride, ceria, titanium dioxide, titanium diboride, boron carbide, tin oxide, tungsten carbide, titanium carbide, iron oxide, chromium oxide, flint, diamond dust.For example, the group of the optional free the following composition of abrasive grain: silica, aluminium oxide, zirconia, carborundum, silicon nitride, boron nitride, garnet, diamond, congruent melting alumina zirconia, ceria, titanium diboride, boron carbide, flint, diamond dust, aluminium nitride and admixture thereof.By using the intensive abrasive grain formed primarily of alpha-type aluminum oxide to produce specific embodiment.

Abrasive grain also can have given shape.The example of this shape comprises rod, triangle, pyramid, taper shape, solid sphere, hollow sphere or analogous shape.Alternatively, abrasive grain can be randomly shaped.

In one embodiment, abrasive grain can have the mean particle size being not more than 800 microns, such as, be not more than about 700 microns, be not more than 500 microns, be not more than 200 microns or be not more than 100 microns.In another embodiment, abrasive grain size is at least 0.1 micron, at least 0.25 micron or at least 0.5 micron.In another embodiment, abrasive grain size is about 0.1 micron to about 200 microns, and more generally about 0.1 micron to about 150 microns or about 1 micron to about 100 microns.The granular size of abrasive grain is designated as the longest dimension of abrasive grain usually.Substantially, there is the scope distribution of granular size.In some instances, strictly particle size distribution is controlled.

Bottom sizing coating-binding agent

The binding agent of bottom sizing coating or size coat can be formed by the admixture of single polymer or polymer.For example, binding agent can by epoxy resin, acrylic polymer or its be combined to form.In addition, binding agent can comprise filler, the combination of such as nanosized filler or nanosized filler and micron size filler.In a particular embodiment, binding agent is colloidal binder, wherein through solidification be the colloidal suspension liquid comprising particle fillers to form the formula of binding agent.Alternatively or in addition, binding agent can be the nano-complex binding agent comprising submicron particle filler.

Binding agent comprises polymer substrate substantially, and it is smoothed out with the fingers abrasive grain and is bonded to backing or compliance coating (if existence).Usually, binding agent is formed by through settable cementitious agent prescription.In an exemplary embodiment, binder formula comprises polymers compositions and decentralized photo.

Binder formula can comprise one or more reaction constituent or polymer composition for preparing polymer.Polymer composition can comprise monomer molecule, polymerizable molecular or its combination.Binder formula can comprise the component being selected from the group be made up of the following further: solvent, plasticizer, chain-transferring agent, catalyst, stabilizing agent, dispersant, curing agent, reaction medium and the reagent for the mobility that affects dispersion liquid.

Polymer composition can form thermoplastic or thermosetting plastics.For example, polymer composition can comprise monomer for the formation of the following and resin: polyurethane, polyureas, polymeric epoxy resin, polyester, polyimides, polysiloxanes (silicone), polymeric alcohol acid resin, SBR styrene butadiene rubbers, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, polybutadiene or in general for the reaction resin of the manufacture of thermosetting polymer.Another example comprises acrylate or methacrylate polymers constituent.The normally curable organic material of precursor polymer constituent (that is, can along with time aggregation or crosslinked polymer monomer or material when being exposed to other energy source such as heat or such as electron beam, ultraviolet light, visible ray or when adding chemical catalyst, moisture or causing other reagent of polymer cure or polymerization).Precursor polymer constituent example comprises the reactive constituent for the formation of the following: amino polymer or aminoplast polymers, such as alkyl urea-formaldehyde polymer, melamine formaldehyde polymer and alkylbenzene substituted melamine-yuban; Acrylate polymer, comprises acrylate and methacrylate polymers, alkyl acrylate, epoxy acrylate, acrylated urethanes, acrylate modified polyester, acrylated polyether, vinyl ethers, acrylated oil or acrylic acid SiClx ketone; Alkyd polymer, such as polyurethane alkyd polymer; Polyester polymers; Reactive polyurethane polymer; Novolac polymer, such as fusible novolac polymer and novolac polymer; Phenolic aldehyde/emulsion polymer; Epoxide resin polymer, such as bisphenol epoxy polymer; Isocyanates; Isocyanuric acid ester; Polysiloxane polymer, comprises alkylalkoxy silane polymer; Or reaction-ity ethylene based polyalcohol.Binder formula can comprise monomer, oligomer, polymer or its combination.In a particular embodiment, binder formula comprises the monomer of the polymer of at least two types that can be cross-linked when solidified.For example, binder formula can comprise the epoxy resin component and acrylate constituent that form epoxy resin/acrylate polymer when solidified.

Additive-grinding aid

Abrasive material can comprise grinding aid further to improve polishing efficiency and cutting speed.Useful grinding aid can be based on inorganic, such as halogen, such as sodium cryolite and potassium tetrafluoroborate; Or based on organically, such as chlorinated paraffin wax, such as polyvinyl chloride.Specific embodiment comprises particle size scope from 1 micron to 80 microns and the most usual ice crystal from 5 microns to 30 microns and potassium tetrafluoroborate.Top size coat can be and puts on abrasive grain to provide the polymeric layer of anti-glaze light and anti-loading character.

Back coating-compliance coating

Compliance coating and back coating (not shown) is optionally comprised through coated abrasives.These coatings can work as mentioned above and can be formed by adhesive composition.

Manufacture method-through coated abrasives

For manufacturing, there is the method through coated abrasives of abrasive material zone map, backing can be distributed from a roller, availablely execute the binder formula coating backing of joining from coating equipment.Exemplary coating equipment comprises stamping die coating machine, blade coater, curtain coating machine, vacuum mold coating machine or mould coating machine.Painting method can comprise contact or contactless method.These methods comprise two roll coating, the reverse coating of three rollers, knife over roll coating, channel mould coating, rotogravure application, rotary printing coating, extrusion coated, paint application coating, or its combination.

In one embodiment, binder formula can be provided in the slurries comprising described formula and abrasive grain.In alternative embodiments, binder formula can separate to execute with abrasive grain and joins.Can after carrying out backing with binding agent applying, binder formula partially cured after, after the patterning (if existence) of binder formula or provide abrasive grain after the solidification completely of binder formula.Such as can apply abrasive grain by such as electrostatic coating, the technology such as painting or mechanical injection of dripping.

In another embodiment, can to binding agent and abrasive grain coating backing impress, cross cutting, laser cutting or its combination, with formation through the shape (such as, disk) of coated abrasives or the pattern cutting through the hole (if existence) through coated abrasives.

In another embodiment, available binding agent Selective coating backing, to leave uncoated district, applies described uncoated district to form abrasive material region with abrasive grain subsequently.For example, such as can smooth out with the fingers binding agent by serigraphy, offset printing, rotary printing or aniline printing to be printed onto on backing.In another example, the coating of rotogravure application, channel mould, amask & aspray or similar approach Selective coating binding agent can be used.Alternatively, can smooth out with the fingers photoresist or the curable mask of UV put on backing and such as lithographically and development with some parts of sheltering backing.In another example, the compound that dries can be smoothed out with the fingers before applying binding agent and put on backing.

Using method-grinding work-piece

For the method for grinding work-piece, described workpiece can be made to contact with through coated abrasives.Can rotate relative to workpiece through coated abrasives.For example, can be arranged on orbital sander through coated abrasives and to be contacted with workpiece.While grinding work-piece, the material ground from workpiece can accumulate between abrasive material region or the open area being adjacent to abrasive material region.By the movement during use through coated abrasives, can from the material of discharging accumulation through the face of coated abrasives.Alternatively, vacuum system can be equipped with to abrasive product.Described vacuum system can comprise the pad for subsequent use being configured to cooperative work with abrasive product.

Pad for subsequent use

Smooth out with the fingers understanding, the pad for subsequent use through coated abrasives be designed to corresponding to the controlled uneven distribution with abrasive material region successfully can use through coated abrasives through coated abrasives and the specific of controlled uneven distribution with abrasive material region in conjunction with conventional.Inventor is surprised to find, and pad embodiment for subsequent use can provide excellent abrasive dust to remove, and promotes the abrasive properties for Conventional abrasives improvement.

In one embodiment, pad for subsequent use can have the pattern of air flow path, described pattern through cooperative adaptive with there is operating together with coated abrasives of controlled uneven distribution pattern.As discussed previously, this pad for subsequent use can use to promote abrasive dust to remove and abrasive properties through coated abrasives in conjunction with normal-stage punching.

In one embodiment, pad for subsequent use can comprise the pattern of air flow path, and wherein the pattern of air flow path produces from x and the y coordinate of controlled uneven distribution pattern.Controlled uneven distribution pattern in order to produce pad air flow patterns for subsequent use can be same as or be different from the pattern through coated abrasives used together with pad for subsequent use.In one embodiment, controlled uneven distribution pattern is same as the pattern through coated abrasives used together with pad for subsequent use.In another embodiment, controlled uneven distribution pattern is different from the pattern through coated abrasives used together with pad for subsequent use.

In one embodiment, pad for subsequent use can through cooperative adaptive with through coated abrasives embodiment, there is operating together with coated abrasives of phyllotaxy pattern according to described herein.When pad for subsequent use comprise be configured to through design with promote during grinding technics by have the multiple openings through the pattern that the hole of coated abrasives removes from absorption and the abrasive dust of working surface of phyllotaxy pattern, multiple chamber, multiple passage, multiple path or its combination time, pad for subsequent use with have phyllotaxy pattern through coated abrasives cooperation.Described opening, chamber, passage, path or its combination can define air flow path, and described air flow path is located along pad for subsequent use, be positioned at pad for subsequent use or by pad for subsequent use, or its combination.Air flow path promotes to be removed from the absorption of the improvement of working surface and abrasive dust by the hole through coated abrasives during grinding technics.In one embodiment, opening, chamber, passage, path or its pattern combined can be following form: regular polygon, irregular polygon, ellipsoid, arc, spiral, phyllotaxy pattern or its combination.In another embodiment, air flow path can be following form: regular polygon, irregular polygon, ellipsoid, arc, spiral, phyllotaxy pattern or its combination.

Described pattern can subsequently in order to define radiation arc and helical duct, and the circular passage that can intersect with described arc and helical duct, or its combination.Described annular, arc, spiral or combination passage can be smoothed out with the fingers subsequently and be cut into suitable material, such as in groove, chamber, aperture, path or other path form, to form the pad for subsequent use of cooperation.

In certain embodiments, the air flow path of pad for subsequent use smoothes out with the fingers part to fully mating with the hole through coated abrasives.Smooth out with the fingers understanding, when hole region overlap with a part for air flow path at least partially or on time, air flow path is mated with hole.In one embodiment, the air flow path of corresponding pad for subsequent use is smoothed out with the fingers and is mated with at least 5% of hole, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%.In one embodiment, the air flow path of corresponding pad for subsequent use can be mated with at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 55%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95% or at least 100% of the hole through coated abrasives.

Smooth out with the fingers understanding, some pad spiral for subsequent use and phyllotaxy air flow patterns smooth out with the fingers a certain alignment quality represented with the pattern of apertures through coated abrasives, especially when air flow patterns is based on the transposition of the coordinate in the abrasive material region through coated abrasives with when rotating.In one embodiment, when pad for subsequent use be in relative to through coated abrasives specific phase or rotate the number of degrees time, the air flow patterns of pad for subsequent use is smoothed out with the fingers with the major part through coated abrasives hole to almost all mating.When pad for subsequent use and half-twist compared with coated abrasives or 180 °, the air flow path of pad for subsequent use is mated with the hole through coated abrasives and through the major part of the hole of coated abrasives to when almost all mating with at least one in the air flow path of pad for subsequent use, pad for subsequent use is called single aligning (aiming at also referred to as 2 foldings) pad for subsequent use.

In one embodiment, pad for subsequent use can comprise or through adaptation to comprise alignment markers.Alignment markers can be mark, device, breach, annex, the collar, projection or its combination, to indicate pad for subsequent use and the degree of registration through coated abrasives.In a particular embodiment, alignment markers can be mark.

Although be described to the embodiment cooperation with abrasive product as herein described, these pads for subsequent use also can be bored a hole with standard prior art and be used together with coated abrasives.Unexpectedly find, have form suitable spiral or multiple openings of phyllotaxy pattern air flow path, multiple chamber, abrasive dust that the spacer for subsequent use of multiple passage or its combination is improved remove, abrasive material cutting performance can be promoted, and extend the perforation of standard prior art through coated abrasives and abrasive material life-span through coated abrasives of phyllotaxy pattern with perforation.

Pad for subsequent use can be flexible or rigidity.Pad for subsequent use can be made up of the various material of any number or combination of materials, comprises conventional those materials used in pad manufacture for subsequent use.Pad for subsequent use can be constructed by one chip unitary construction or the such as multiple-piece such as multi-ply construction or concentric layer structure and make.Pad for subsequent use is such as flexible foam elastomeric material preferably.Suitable foam can be polyurethane, polyester, polyester-polyurethane, polyether-polyurethane; Natural or artificial rubber, such as polybutadiene, polyisoprene, EPDM polymer, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polychloroprene or styrene/butadiene copolymers; Or its combination.Described foam can be out cell-type or closed chamber formula.The additives such as such as coupling agent, flexibilizer, curing agent, antioxidant, reinforcement material and analog can add foam formulation to realize desirable characteristics.Also foam or other elastomeric material that dyestuff, pigment, filler, antistatic additive, fire retardant and burlap add to manufacture pad for subsequent use to can be smoothed out with the fingers.

The foam be particularly useful comprises toluene di-isocyanate(TDI) (TDI)/polyester and methyl diphenylene diisocyanate (MDI)/polyester form.In one embodiment, pad for subsequent use is opened cell-type polyurethane foam by elasticity and is made, its product as PPG and aromatic polyisocyanate and being formed.In another embodiment, pad for subsequent use can be foam, vulcanized rubber or its any combination.

It should be noted that and do not need the above all activities described in general description or example, a part for specific activities may not be needed, and also can perform one or more other activity except those described activities.Moreover, list the order that movable order not necessarily performs described activity.

In the foregoing specification, concept is described with reference to specific embodiment.But those skilled in the art understands, and can make various amendment and change when not departing from as following claims the scope of the present invention stated.Therefore, description and accompanying drawing should be considered in the illustrative sense rather than a restrictive sense, and all such modifications are within the scope of the present invention set.

As used herein, term " comprises ", " comprising ", " having " or their the set nonexcludability that contains of other variant any comprise.For example, comprise the process of the list of feature, method, goods or equipment and be not necessarily only limitted to those features, but the further feature that this process, method, goods or equipment are not clearly listed or not this process, method, goods or equipment are intrinsic can be comprised.In addition, reverse situation unless explicitly stated, otherwise "or" refer to inclusive or instead of exclusiveness or.For example, any one A or B:A that satisfy condition in the following is true (or existence) and B is false (or not existing), A is false (or not existing) and B is true (or existence), and A and B is very (or existence).

And the use of " " is used for describing element as herein described and assembly.This is just to convenient and reach and provide the general meaning of scope of the present invention.This description should be understood to comprise one or at least one, and singulative also comprises plural form, except non-obvious is not this implication.

The solution of benefit, other advantage and problem is described about specific embodiment above.But, the solution of benefit, advantage, problem and any benefit, advantage or solution can be caused to occur or become more outstanding any feature not to be interpreted as the key of any or all claim, required or substantive characteristics.

After reading description, those skilled in the art smoothes out with the fingers understanding, and some feature for the sake of clarity described in the context of independent embodiment herein also can provide in combination in single embodiment.On the contrary, the various feature described in the context of single embodiment for brevity also can provide dividually or so that arbitrary subgroup is incompatible.

In addition, the reference of the value stated in each scope is comprised to each and each value in described scope.Time before term " approximately " or " about " are positioned at a digital value, such as, when describing digital scope, it is desirable to also to comprise described definite digital value.Such as, start from that the digital scope of " about 25 " is set also comprises the scope definitely starting from 25.

Project 1. 1 kinds of abrasive products, it comprises:

Through coated abrasives, it has the multiple abrasive material regions being arranged to pattern,

Wherein said pattern has controlled uneven distribution, and

Wherein said pattern is at least one in radial pattern, spiral pattern, phyllotaxy pattern, asymmetric pattern or its combination.

Project 2. is according to the abrasive product of project 1, and wherein said pattern is spiral pattern.

Project 3. is according to the abrasive product of project 2, and wherein said spiral pattern is the one in Archimedian screw, Euler's spiral, Fermat spiral, Double curve screw, lituus, logarithmic spiral, Fibonacci spiral, golden spiral or its combination.

Project 4. is according to the abrasive product of project 3, and wherein said pattern has controlled asymmetry.

Project 5. is according to the abrasive product of project 4, and wherein said controlled asymmetry is at least part of rotation asymmetry at the center around described pattern.

Project 6. is according to the abrasive product of project 5, and wherein said rotation asymmetry extends at least 51%, at least 70% or at least 85% of the described abrasive material region of described pattern.

Project 7. is according to the abrasive product of project 5, and wherein said rotation asymmetry extends at least 20 abrasive material regions of described pattern, at least 50 abrasive material regions or at least 100 abrasive material regions.

Project 8. is according to the abrasive product of project 5, and wherein said pattern is asymmetric around the described central rotation of described pattern.

Project 9. is according to the abrasive product of project 1, and wherein said pattern is phyllotaxy pattern.

Project 10. is according to the abrasive product of project 9, and wherein said pattern is spiral phyllotaxy pattern.

Project 11. is according to the abrasive product of project 10, and wherein said pattern has several clock wise spirals and several counter-clockwise helical, and wherein the described number of clock wise spirals and the described number of counter-clockwise helical are the multiples of Fibonacci number or Fibonacci number.

Project 12. is according to the abrasive product of project 11, and wherein the described number of clock wise spirals and the described number of counter-clockwise helical are the multiples of Lucas numbers or Lucas numbers.

Project 13. is according to the abrasive product of project 11, and wherein the described number of clock wise spirals and the described number of counter-clockwise helical become to converge on the ratio of gold ratio.

Project 14. is according to the abrasive product of project 10, and wherein said spiral phyllotaxy pattern has controlled asymmetry.

Project 15. is according to the abrasive product of project 10, and wherein said spiral phyllotaxy pattern is sunflower pattern.

Project 16. is according to the abrasive product of project 11, and wherein said pattern is described in polar coordinates by following equation:

(equation 1)

Wherein:

N is the sequence number in abrasive material region, outwards counts from the described center of described pattern;

be the n-th abrasive material region in the polar coordinate system of reference direction and the described center rising in described pattern position vector between angle, the angle of divergence between the position vector making any two continuous abrasive material regions is constant angle α;

R is the distance from the described center of described pattern to the center in described n-th abrasive material region; And c is constant bi-directional scaling factor.

Project 17. according to the abrasive product of project 16, wherein said abrasive material region at least about 51%, at least about 70%, meet equation 1 at least about 85%.

Project 18. is according to the abrasive product of project 16, and the scope of the angle of divergence of wherein said pattern in polar coordinates is from about 100 ° to about 170 °.

Project 19. is according to the abrasive product of project 16, and wherein said pattern has the angle of divergence of 137.508 °.

Project 20. according to the abrasive product of project 16, wherein total abrasive material area at least about 80%, at least about 85%, meet equation 1 at least about 90%.

Project 21. is according to the abrasive product of project 16, and the scope in wherein said multiple abrasive material region is from about 5/10/20 abrasive material region to about 500/1000/10,000 abrasive material region.

Project 22. according to the abrasive product of project 16, whole in fact of abrasive product described in wherein said pattern covers.

Project 23. according to the abrasive product of project 16, the edge in most external abrasive material region of wherein said pattern and the intersect edge of described abrasive product.

Project 24. is according to the abrasive product of project 16, and the edge in the most external abrasive material region of wherein said pattern is apart from the described edge at least specific range of described abrasive product.

Project 25. according to the abrasive product of project 16, the only part of described of abrasive product described in wherein said pattern covers.

Project 26. according to the abrasive product of project 16, the periodic portions of described of abrasive product described in wherein said pattern covers.

Project 27. is according to the abrasive product of project 16, and total open area of wherein said pattern is about 15% to about 99.5% of the potential surface area in surface of described abrasive product.

Project 28. is according to the abrasive product of project 16, and the scope that its total abrasive surface amasss is from described total potential surface area about 4.5% to about 85%.

Project 29. is according to the abrasive product of project 16, and it has the shape of disk.

Project 30. is according to the abrasive product of project 16, and wherein said abrasive material region has the shape of the one be selected from short line segment, polygon, ellipsoid, circle, arc, spiral, screw thread, Helical lattice or its combination.

Project 31. 1 kinds is through coated abrasives, and it comprises:

Back sheet, it has the first master and the second master; And

Abrasive material, it is arranged on described first master of described back sheet,

Wherein said abrasive material comprises multiple abrasive material regions of the pattern being arranged to have controlled uneven distribution, and is at least one in radial pattern, spiral pattern, phyllotaxy pattern, asymmetric pattern or its combination.

Project 32. 1 kinds manufactures the method for abrasive product, and it comprises:

Backing arranges abrasive material;

Wherein said abrasive material comprises multiple abrasive material regions of the pattern being arranged to have controlled uneven distribution, and described pattern is at least one in radial pattern, spiral pattern, phyllotaxy pattern, asymmetric pattern or its combination.

Project 33. 1 kinds is through coated abrasives, and it comprises:

Multiple abrasive material region, it is arranged at described on the first type surface of coated abrasives, and wherein said abrasive material region is configured to be formed and comprises arc, spiral, screw thread, phyllotaxy pattern or its multiple air flow path combined.

Project 34. according to project 34 through coated abrasives, wherein the described pattern of air flow path comprise radiation curved path, radiating helical path or its combination.

Project 35. according to project 34 through coated abrasives, wherein the described pattern of air flow path comprises the combination of internal radiation spiral path and external radiation spiral path.

Project 36. according to project 34 through coated abrasives, wherein the described pattern of air flow path comprises the combination in clockwise radiating helical path and counterclockwise radiating helical path.

Project 37. according to project 34 through coated abrasives, wherein the described pattern of air flow path comprises further and combines with described radiation curved path or radiating helical path or its annular air flow path intersected.

Comprise the pattern of air flow path described in project 38. through coated abrasives, wherein the described pattern of air flow path produces from x and the y coordinate of controlled uneven distribution pattern.

Project 39. according to project 38 through coated abrasives, described x and the y coordinate of wherein said controlled uneven distribution pattern is according to following equation (equation 2) transposition and rotation, to determine the x ' of the described pattern of air flow path and y ' coordinate, wherein θ equals the π/n in radian and n is arbitrary integer:

Project 40. according to project 39 through coated abrasives, wherein said controlled uneven distribution pattern is phyllotaxy pattern.

Project 41. according to project 40 through coated abrasives, wherein said controlled uneven distribution pattern is Vogel equation.

Project 42. according to project 41 through coated abrasives, wherein n is the arbitrary integer from 1 to 10.

Project 43. according to project 42 through coated abrasives, wherein n is 1,2,3,4,5 or 6.

Project 44. according to project 39 through coated abrasives, wherein the described pattern of air flow path comprise multiple opening, chamber, passage, path or its combination.

Project 45. 1 kinds of slurry systems, it comprises:

Through coated abrasives; And pad for subsequent use, the wherein said controlled uneven distribution pattern comprising abrasive material region through coated abrasives, and wherein said pad for subsequent use comprises and being arranged to through adaptation with the multiple air flow path with the described pattern corresponding through the described abrasive material region of coated abrasives.

Claims

1. an abrasive product, it comprises:

Wherein said pattern has controlled uneven distribution, and

2. abrasive product according to claim 1, wherein said pattern is spiral pattern.

3. abrasive product according to claim 2, wherein said spiral pattern is the one in Archimedian screw, Euler's spiral, Fermat spiral, Double curve screw, lituus, logarithmic spiral, Fibonacci spiral, golden spiral or its combination.

4. abrasive product according to claim 3, wherein said pattern has controlled asymmetry.

5. abrasive product according to claim 4, wherein said controlled asymmetry is at least part of rotation asymmetry at the center around described pattern.

6. abrasive product according to claim 5, wherein said rotation asymmetry extends at least 51%, at least 70% or at least 85% of the described abrasive material region of described pattern.

7. abrasive product according to claim 5, wherein said rotation asymmetry extends at least 20 abrasive material regions of described pattern, at least 50 abrasive material regions or at least 100 abrasive material regions.

8. abrasive product according to claim 5, wherein said pattern is asymmetric around the described central rotation of described pattern.

9. abrasive product according to claim 1, wherein said pattern is phyllotaxy pattern.

10. abrasive product according to claim 9, wherein said pattern is spiral phyllotaxy pattern.

11. abrasive products according to claim 10, wherein said pattern has several clock wise spirals and several counter-clockwise helical, and wherein the described number of clock wise spirals and the described number of counter-clockwise helical are the multiples of Fibonacci number or Fibonacci number.

12. abrasive products according to claim 11, wherein the described number of clock wise spirals and the described number of counter-clockwise helical are the multiples of Lucas numbers or Lucas numbers.

13. abrasive products according to claim 11, wherein the described number of clock wise spirals and the described number of counter-clockwise helical become to converge on the ratio of gold ratio.

14. abrasive products according to claim 10, wherein said spiral phyllotaxy pattern has controlled asymmetry.

15. abrasive products according to claim 10, wherein said spiral phyllotaxy pattern is sunflower pattern.

16. abrasive products according to claim 11, wherein said pattern is described in polar coordinates by following equation:

r=c √ n (equation 1)

Wherein:

R is the distance from the described center of described pattern to the center in described n-th abrasive material region; And

C is constant bi-directional scaling factor.

17. abrasive products according to claim 16, wherein said abrasive material region at least about 51%, at least about 70%, meet equation 1 at least about 85%.

18. abrasive products according to claim 16, the scope of the angle of divergence of wherein said pattern in polar coordinates is from about 100 ° to about 170 °.

19. abrasive products according to claim 16, wherein said pattern has the angle of divergence of 137.508 °.

20. abrasive products according to claim 16, wherein total abrasive material area at least about 80%, at least about 85%, meet equation 1 at least about 90%.

21. abrasive products according to claim 16, the scope in wherein said multiple abrasive material region is from about 5/10/20 abrasive material region to about 500/1000/10,000 abrasive material region.

22. abrasive products according to claim 16, whole in fact of abrasive product described in wherein said pattern covers.

23. abrasive products according to claim 16, the edge in most external abrasive material region of wherein said pattern and the intersect edge of described abrasive product.

24. abrasive products according to claim 16, the edge in the most external abrasive material region of wherein said pattern is apart from the described edge at least specific range of described abrasive product.

25. abrasive products according to claim 16, the only part of described of abrasive product described in wherein said pattern covers.

26. abrasive products according to claim 16, the periodic portions of described of abrasive product described in wherein said pattern covers.

27. abrasive products according to claim 16, total open area of wherein said pattern is about 15% to about 99.5% of the potential surface area in surface of described abrasive product.

28. abrasive products according to claim 16, the scope that its total abrasive surface amasss is from described total potential surface area about 4.5% to about 85%.

29. abrasive products according to claim 16, it has the shape of disk.

30. abrasive products according to claim 16, wherein said abrasive material region has the shape of the one be selected from short line segment, polygon, ellipsoid, circle, arc, spiral, screw thread, Helical lattice or its combination.

31. 1 kinds through coated abrasives, it comprises:

Back sheet, it has the first master and the second master; And

32. 1 kinds of methods manufacturing abrasive product, it comprises:

Backing arranges abrasive material;

33. 1 kinds through coated abrasives, it comprises:

34. is according to claim 34 through coated abrasives, and wherein the described pattern of air flow path comprises radiation curved path, radiating helical path or its combination.

35. is according to claim 34 through coated abrasives, and wherein the described pattern of air flow path comprises the combination of internal radiation spiral path and external radiation spiral path.

36. is according to claim 34 through coated abrasives, and wherein the described pattern of air flow path comprises the combination in clockwise radiating helical path and counterclockwise radiating helical path.

37. is according to claim 34 through coated abrasives, and wherein the described pattern of air flow path comprises further and combines with described radiation curved path or radiating helical path or its annular air flow path intersected.

Comprise the pattern of air flow path described in 38. through coated abrasives, wherein the described pattern of air flow path produces from x and the y coordinate of controlled uneven distribution pattern.

39. according to according to claim 38 through coated abrasives, described x and the y coordinate of wherein said controlled uneven distribution pattern is according to following equation (equation 2) transposition and rotation, to determine the x ' of the described pattern of air flow path and y ' coordinate, wherein θ equals the π/n in radian and n is arbitrary integer:

(equation 2)

＝

40. according to according to claim 39 through coated abrasives, wherein said controlled uneven distribution pattern is phyllotaxy pattern.

41. is according to claim 40 through coated abrasives, and wherein said controlled uneven distribution pattern is Vogel equation.

42. is according to claim 41 through coated abrasives, and wherein n is the arbitrary integer from 1 to 10.

43. is according to claim 42 through coated abrasives, and wherein n is 1,2,3,4,5 or 6.

44. according to according to claim 39 through coated abrasives, wherein the described pattern of air flow path comprise multiple opening, chamber, passage, path or its combination.

45. 1 kinds of slurry systems, it comprises:

Through coated abrasives; And

Pad for subsequent use,

The wherein said controlled uneven distribution pattern comprising abrasive material region through coated abrasives, and

Wherein said pad for subsequent use comprises to be arranged to through adaptation with the multiple air flow path with the described pattern corresponding through the described abrasive material region of coated abrasives.