CN115342386B - Combustion chamber nozzle structure and combustion chamber - Google Patents
Combustion chamber nozzle structure and combustion chamber Download PDFInfo
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- CN115342386B CN115342386B CN202210901780.1A CN202210901780A CN115342386B CN 115342386 B CN115342386 B CN 115342386B CN 202210901780 A CN202210901780 A CN 202210901780A CN 115342386 B CN115342386 B CN 115342386B
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 28
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 21
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 37
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000208818 Helianthus Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000003222 Helianthus annuus Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 102000029749 Microtubule Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108091022875 Microtubule Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000004688 microtubule Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003592 biomimetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/38—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply comprising rotary fuel injection means
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Gas Burners (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of combustion, and discloses a combustion chamber nozzle structure and a combustion chamber, wherein the nozzle structure comprises: the spray nozzle comprises a spray nozzle body, wherein at least one spray nozzle unit is arranged on the spray nozzle body, the spray nozzle unit comprises a plurality of spray nozzle channels, and the spray nozzle channels are arranged in a fibolacnes-fermat spiral mode. According to the combustion chamber nozzle structure and the combustion chamber, the plurality of nozzle channels are arranged according to the fibonacci series-Fermat spiral arrangement, so that the nozzle channels are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction and the radial direction of the nozzle unit, the overall distribution uniformity of the nozzle channels on the nozzle unit is improved, the uniformity of fuel distribution in space is improved, a local high-temperature region is avoided, the stability and the combustion performance of flame can be effectively improved, and the combustion effect is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of combustion, in particular to a combustion chamber nozzle structure and a combustion chamber.
Background
At present, the mode of human energy and power acquisition mainly comprises the combustion of fossil fuels, namely combustion devices such as gas stoves, gas water heaters, gas turbines, boilers and the like, which are mainly fossil fuels. With the development of society, pollutant emission standards are becoming more stringent, and new combustion technologies are urgently needed to reduce pollutant emissions. Micro-mixed combustion is a novel fuel combustion technology for realizing ultralow emission by reducing the mixing scale of fuel and air, and can be used in various combustion devices such as gas turbines and the like. The micro nozzle in the micro mixed combustion chamber can effectively control the appearance of flame, reduce the size of flame, shorten the residence time in a high temperature area and reduce emission.
The micro-mixing nozzle is usually provided with a plurality of micro-mixing pipelines, each micro-mixing pipeline is used for mixing and spraying a plurality of reaction components, and the distribution uniformity of the micro-mixing pipelines on the micro-mixing nozzle plays a key role in obtaining a good combustion effect. If the micro-mixing pipelines on the micro-mixing nozzle are unevenly distributed, the fuel is unevenly distributed in space, and a local high-temperature area is easy to appear during combustion, so that the combustion effect is affected, and an arrangement mode capable of improving the distribution uniformity of the micro-mixing pipelines on the micro-mixing nozzle is needed at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a combustion chamber nozzle structure and a combustion chamber, which are used for solving the problem that an arrangement mode capable of improving the distribution uniformity of micro-mixing pipelines on a micro-mixing nozzle is required in the prior art.
The present invention provides a combustion chamber nozzle structure, comprising: the spray nozzle comprises a spray nozzle body, wherein at least one spray nozzle unit is arranged on the spray nozzle body, the spray nozzle unit comprises a plurality of spray nozzle channels, and the spray nozzle channels are arranged in a fibolacnes-fermat spiral mode.
According to the combustion chamber nozzle structure provided by the invention, the fibonacci series-fermat spiral arrangement is specifically as follows:
wherein R is the interval between the center of the nth nozzle channel and the center of the nozzle unit; c is a size coefficient; r is the radius of the polar coordinates; θ is the polar coordinate angle; alpha is the rotation angle of the nth and (n+1) th nozzle passages with respect to the center of the nozzle unit.
According to the present invention there is provided a combustion chamber nozzle arrangement in which alpha in the fibonacci-fermat helical arrangement is 50 deg. -300 deg..
According to the combustion chamber nozzle structure provided by the invention, the diameter of the nozzle channel is as follows: 2-14mm.
According to the combustion chamber nozzle structure provided by the invention, when one nozzle unit is arranged on the nozzle body, the nozzle channel of the nozzle unit in the central area is set as the duty area, the nozzle channels at the periphery of the duty area sequentially comprise a plurality of groups of classification areas along the circumferential direction, and any group of classification areas comprise a plurality of different stage areas sequentially arranged along the circumferential direction; the on-duty area is used for being opened under all combustion working conditions; the plurality of different stage areas are used for being selectively opened according to combustion conditions.
According to the combustion chamber nozzle structure provided by the invention, when the plurality of nozzle units are arranged on the nozzle body, one nozzle unit is arranged at the central part of the nozzle body, and the rest nozzle units are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction.
According to the combustion chamber nozzle structure provided by the invention, the nozzle unit positioned at the central part of the nozzle body is set as the duty unit, and a plurality of nozzle units positioned at the periphery of the duty unit are divided into a plurality of different stage units; the duty unit is used for being started under all combustion working conditions; the plurality of different stage units are used for being selectively opened according to combustion working conditions.
According to the combustion chamber nozzle structure provided by the invention, the first end of the nozzle channel is provided with the first inlet, the second end of the nozzle channel is provided with the second inlet, the first inlet is positioned at the upstream of the second inlet and is used for introducing the first component, and the second inlet is used for introducing the second component, wherein the density of the second component is greater than that of the first component.
According to the combustion chamber nozzle structure provided by the invention, a third inlet is further arranged on the end face of the first end or on the side wall close to the first end of the nozzle channel, and the third inlet is used for introducing a third component.
The invention also provides a combustion chamber, which comprises the combustion chamber nozzle structure.
According to the combustion chamber nozzle structure and the combustion chamber, the plurality of nozzle channels are arranged according to the fibonacci series-Fermat spiral arrangement, so that the nozzle channels are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction and the radial direction of the nozzle unit, the overall distribution uniformity of the nozzle channels on the nozzle unit is improved, the uniformity of fuel distribution in space is improved, a local high-temperature region is avoided, the stability and the combustion performance of flame can be effectively improved, and the combustion effect is ensured.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the following description will briefly explain the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a nozzle unit in a combustor nozzle configuration provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of nozzle passages distributed in concentric circles on a nozzle body;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of a portion of the portion A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the dimensions of a nozzle channel in a nozzle unit provided by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic polar diagram of a nozzle unit provided by the present invention;
fig. 6 is a first schematic illustration of a fibonacci array-fermat spiral arrangement provided by the invention;
fig. 7 is a second schematic representation of a fibonacci-fermat spiral arrangement provided by the invention;
fig. 8 is a third schematic representation of a fibonacci-fermat spiral arrangement provided by the invention;
fig. 9 is a fourth schematic representation of a fibonacci-fermat spiral arrangement provided by the invention;
fig. 10 is a fifth schematic representation of a fibonacci-fermat spiral arrangement provided by the invention;
FIG. 11 is a sixth schematic illustration of a fibonacci array-Fermat spiral arrangement provided by the invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of flame classification when a nozzle unit is provided on a nozzle body according to the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of flame classification when a plurality of nozzle units are arranged on a nozzle body according to the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a nozzle channel provided by the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a nozzle channel provided by the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1: a nozzle unit; 10: an on-duty unit; 11: a primary unit; 12: a secondary unit; 2: a nozzle channel; 20: an on-duty area; 21: a first level region; 22: a secondary region; 23: a tertiary region; 3: a nozzle body; 4: a first inlet; 5: a second inlet; 6: a third inlet; 7: mixed flow structure.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The combustor nozzle configuration and combustor of the present invention are described below in conjunction with fig. 1-15.
The present embodiment provides a combustion chamber nozzle structure including: a nozzle body 3, at least one nozzle unit 1 is arranged on the nozzle body 3. Referring to fig. 1, the nozzle unit 1 includes a plurality of nozzle channels 2, and a plurality of the nozzle channels 2 are arranged in a fibonacci-fermat spiral. The nozzle body 3 is a support body arranged on the nozzle channel 2, and the nozzle channel 2 is formed by opening a channel on the nozzle body 3. The nozzle channel 2 is provided on the nozzle body 3 in the form of a nozzle unit 1, and may be provided with one nozzle unit 1, or may be provided with a plurality of nozzle units 1, and may be provided according to the actual requirements of the combustion chamber, without being limited in particular.
For each nozzle unit 1, comprising a plurality of nozzle channels 2, the present embodiment proposes that the plurality of nozzle channels 2 in each nozzle unit 1 are arranged in a fibonacci-fermat spiral. I.e. the plurality of nozzle channels 2 in the nozzle unit 1 are arranged in a spiral, and the spiral arrangement is in particular arranged in a fibonacci-fermat spiral. The spiral arrangement is similar to that of natural sunflowers, so that the nozzle channels 2 are spirally distributed, and by means of the arrangement, not only the uniformity of the nozzle channels 2 in the circumferential direction of the nozzle unit 1 can be improved, but also the uniformity of the nozzle channels 2 in the radial direction of the nozzle unit 1 can be improved, so that the uniformity of the overall distribution of the nozzle channels 2 on the nozzle unit 1 is improved, as shown in fig. 1.
According to the combustor nozzle structure provided by the embodiment, the plurality of nozzle channels 2 are arranged according to the fibonacci series-Fermat spiral, so that the nozzle channels 2 are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction and the radial direction of the nozzle unit 1, the overall distribution uniformity of the nozzle channels 2 on the nozzle unit 1 is improved, the distribution uniformity of fuel in space is improved, a local high-temperature area is avoided, the stability and the combustion performance of flame can be effectively improved, and the combustion effect is ensured.
Referring to fig. 2, there is a comparative example in which a plurality of nozzle passages 2 are distributed in concentric circles on a nozzle unit 1, and the plurality of nozzle passages 2 may be uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the nozzle unit 1 on each concentric circle; however, referring to fig. 3, the radial spacing d1 and the circumferential spacing d2 between the nozzle passages 2 are significantly different, so that the uniformity of the nozzle passages 2 in the radial direction of the nozzle unit 1 is poor, thereby affecting the overall distribution uniformity of the nozzle passages 2 on the nozzle unit 1, a local high temperature zone is easily generated during combustion, and the discharge performance is not ideal while affecting the outlet temperature distribution. Meanwhile, because the fuel is unevenly distributed in space, the ignition is difficult and the flameout is easy to happen.
If the size of the nozzle unit 1 is enlarged, the influence of the structural unevenness shown in fig. 2 is also enlarged. In order to adapt to a combustion chamber with larger size, if a plurality of nozzle units 1 with smaller size are designed on the nozzle body 3, different nozzle units 1 are opened under different loads, and when the load is higher, all the nozzle units 1 are opened, so that certain uniformity can be ensured; however, only a part of the nozzle units 1 are opened at the time of low load, which further aggravates the uneven distribution of fuel in the space, severely affecting the combustion performance.
Referring to fig. 1, the nozzle structure provided in this embodiment is provided with a plurality of nozzle channels 2 arranged according to fibonacci series-fermat spiral, which is advantageous to keep uniform distribution of the nozzle channels 2 in both the circumferential direction and the radial direction of the nozzle unit 1, compared with the concentric circle distribution shown in fig. 2, so as to improve the overall distribution uniformity of the nozzle channels 2 on the nozzle unit 1 and improve the combustion performance. Meanwhile, due to the good uniformity of the nozzle channel 2, only one nozzle unit 1 with larger size can be used in the combustion chamber to replace the existing plurality of smaller nozzle units 1, so that the combustion performance is better than that of the structure shown in fig. 2 when the size of the combustion chamber is larger.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, the fibonacci series-fermat spiral arrangement is specifically:
where, referring to fig. 4, r is a distance between the center of the nth nozzle passage 2 and the center of the nozzle unit 1, which can be obtained by the above formula. c is a size coefficient; is related to the size of the nozzle body 3, i.e. the size of the combustion chamber, and can be set according to the size of the nozzle body 3; in particular, c may be 0.6-2 times the diameter of the nozzle channel 2. n is a natural number, and can be from 1, then take 2, 3, 4 to back in order, can obtain the position information of n nozzle channels 2.α is a rotation angle of the nth nozzle passage 2 and the n+1th nozzle passage 2 with respect to the center of the nozzle unit 1; 0< alpha <360 deg., different arrangements can be obtained by changing the angle value, and the angle value can be used in different combustion chambers as appropriate.
Referring to fig. 5, the position of the center of each nozzle channel 2 may be determined by means of polar coordinates; specifically, a polar coordinate system is constructed by taking the center of the nozzle unit 1, namely the center of a circle, as a zero point, wherein r is the radius of the polar coordinate; θ is the polar coordinate angle. The center of the nth nozzle channel 2, i.e. the center of the circle, may be expressed as R equal to R and θ equal to the remainder of n x α divided by pi. The coordinate positions of the first to nth nozzle passages 2 are sequentially obtained.
Further, based on the above examples, α in the fibonacci-fermat helical arrangement is 50 ° -300 °. The fibonacci series-fermat spiral arrangement within the angle range has high uniformity, different arrangement can be obtained by different angle values, and specific angle values can be specifically designed according to practical application conditions without limitation.
For example, α in a fibonacci-fermat spiral arrangement can be 69 °, 85.4 °, 137.5 °, 179 °, 222.5 °, or 274.6 °. The present embodiment specifically provides six different α value examples, where fibonacci series-fermat spiral arrangement under the six α values has higher uniformity in the circumferential direction and the radial direction, so that the uniformity of the overall distribution of the nozzle channel 2 is higher, so as to obtain a better combustion effect.
Specifically, referring to fig. 6, α in the fibonacci array-fermat spiral arrangement B1 is 69 °. Comparing fig. 2 and 6, the overall uniformity of the fibonacci array-fermat spiral arrangement B1 is better than that of the concentric arrangement.
Referring to fig. 7, α in this fibonacci array-fermat spiral arrangement B2 is 85.4 °. Comparing fig. 2 and 7, the overall uniformity of the fibonacci array-fermat spiral arrangement B2 is better than that of the concentric circle arrangement.
Referring to fig. 8, α in this fibonacci array-fermat spiral arrangement B3 is 137.5 °. Comparing fig. 2 and 8, the overall uniformity of the fibonacci array-fermat spiral arrangement B3 is better than that of the concentric circle arrangement.
Referring to fig. 9, α in this fibonacci array-fermat spiral arrangement B4 is 179 °. Comparing fig. 2 and 9, the overall uniformity of the fibonacci array-fermat spiral arrangement B4 is better than that of the concentric circle arrangement.
Referring to fig. 10, α in this fibonacci array-fermat spiral arrangement B5 is 222.5 °. Comparing fig. 2 and 10, the overall uniformity of the fibonacci array-fermat spiral arrangement B5 is better than that of the concentric circle arrangement.
Referring to fig. 11, α in this fibonacci array-fermat spiral arrangement B6 is 274.6 °. Comparing fig. 2 and 11, the overall uniformity of the fibonacci array-fermat spiral arrangement B6 is better than that of the concentric circle arrangement.
Alternatively, α in the fibonacci array-fermat spiral arrangement can be 69 °, 85.4 °, 137.5 °, 222.5 °, or 274.6 °, with better distribution uniformity. In other embodiments, α in the fibonacci array-fermat spiral arrangement can take other values, and can be flexibly selected according to a specific combustion chamber design and a combustion condition, and is not particularly limited.
Further, with reference to fig. 4, the diameter d of the nozzle channel 2 is: 2-14mm. The diameter d of the nozzle channel 2 can be selected according to the working condition of the combustion chamber, the nozzle channel 2 with the size range can realize better mixing of reaction components, and the size of a single nozzle channel 2 is smaller, so that the mixing scale of fuel and air can be reduced to realize micro-mixing combustion. In other embodiments, the size of the nozzle channel 2 may be other, and is not particularly limited.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, referring to fig. 12, when one nozzle unit 1 is provided on the nozzle body 3, the nozzle channel 2 of the nozzle unit 1 located in the central area is set as an on-duty area 20, the nozzle channels 2 on the periphery of the on-duty area 20 sequentially include multiple groups of classification areas along the circumferential direction, and any group of classification areas includes multiple different stage areas sequentially disposed along the circumferential direction;
the duty area 20 is used for being opened under all combustion conditions; the plurality of different stage areas are used for being selectively opened according to combustion conditions. The plurality of different stage areas are specifically used to increase the number of stages of opening in accordance with an increase in the combustion load.
According to the nozzle unit 1 provided by the embodiment, the plurality of nozzle channels 2 are arranged according to the fibonacci series-Fermat spiral, so that the distribution uniformity of the nozzle channels 2 in the circumferential direction and the radial direction can be improved, interference among the channels is reduced, the spatial uniformity of injected fuel can be improved, and the generation of a local high-temperature region is avoided. Meanwhile, due to the good uniformity of the nozzle unit 1, only one nozzle unit 1 with a larger size can be used in the combustion chamber to replace the existing plurality of smaller micro-mixing nozzle units 1, and accordingly, the fuel regulation mode is changed.
Specifically, a plurality of nozzle channels 2 positioned at the central part of the nozzle unit 1 are divided into an on-duty area 20, and the on-duty area 20 is used for being opened under all working conditions; the attendant area 20 may be circular. Dividing the nozzle channels 2 at the periphery of the duty area 20 into a plurality of groups which are sequentially connected in the circumferential direction; each group comprises a plurality of areas of different levels, namely each group is divided into a plurality of areas, the levels of the areas are different from each other, and the areas of the different levels are sequentially connected in the circumferential direction.
For example, referring to fig. 12, the present embodiment takes 4 stages as an example: the innermost ring is an on-duty area 20, namely on-duty flame, and works under all working conditions; the rest nozzle channels 2 are divided into a first-stage area 21, namely a 1-stage flame area, a second-stage area 22, namely a 2-stage flame area, and a third-stage area 23, namely a 3-stage flame area according to the spiral, and are sequentially supplied with air according to the load size, and all the nozzle channels 2 work at full load; the nozzle channels 2 of the on duty flame zone and the stage 1, 2 flame zone operate at medium load. Therefore, the fuel can be distributed as uniformly as possible after being sprayed out under all working conditions, and the 1, 2 and 3-level flame areas are connected with the on-duty flame area, so that the working load of the combustion chamber can be changed rapidly.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, referring to fig. 13, when a plurality of the nozzle units 1 are provided on the nozzle body 3, one of the nozzle units 1 is provided at the central portion of the nozzle body 3, and the remaining nozzle units 1 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction.
The nozzle structure provided in this embodiment can also be combined by a plurality of nozzle units 1 as the head of the combustion chamber, see fig. 13, so that the complexity of the fuel supply system can be simplified, and the combustion chamber only needs to open or close the corresponding unit-level nozzle when the load is adjusted. Compared with the concentric circle distribution nozzle unit 1 adopting a similar combination mode, namely the structure shown in fig. 2, the fuel injection device can ensure good fuel injection uniformity, is beneficial to reducing emission and improving the performance of the combustion chamber.
Further, on the basis of the above embodiment, the nozzle unit 1 located at the central part of the nozzle body 3 is set as a duty unit 10, and the plurality of nozzle units 1 located at the periphery of the duty unit 10 are divided into a plurality of different stage units; the duty unit 10 is used for being started under all combustion conditions; the plurality of different stage units are used for being selectively opened according to combustion working conditions. The plurality of different stage units are specifically configured to increase the number of stages of opening in accordance with an increase in the combustion load.
I.e. in this embodiment the individual nozzle units 1 are opened or closed in their entirety for combustion control. Specifically, the nozzle unit 1 located at the central part of the nozzle body 3 is divided into an on-duty unit 10, and the on-duty unit 10 is used for being opened under all working conditions. The nozzle units 1 on the periphery of the duty unit 10 are divided into a plurality of different stages of units, that is, the plurality of nozzle units 1 on the periphery of the duty unit 10 are divided into a plurality of different stages. The nozzle units 1 of different stages are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction.
For example, referring to fig. 13, the present embodiment takes 3 stages as an example: the innermost ring is an on-duty unit 10, namely an on-duty flame, and works under all working conditions; the rest nozzle units 1 are divided into a primary unit 11, namely a 1-stage flame zone, and a secondary unit 12, namely a 2-stage flame zone, and are sequentially supplied with air according to the load size, and all the nozzle units 1 work at full load; the nozzle unit 1 of the on duty flame zone and the class 1 flame zone operates under medium load. The number of stages of the opened nozzle unit 1 can be flexibly adjusted according to the combustion working condition.
Specifically, the nozzle channel 2 on the nozzle body 3 may be divided into 2-5 stages, that is, a total of 2-5 regions of different stages, and the specific stage numbers may be flexibly set according to the actual combustion conditions, which is not specifically limited.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further referring to fig. 14, the first end of the nozzle channel 2 is provided with a first inlet 4, the second end of the nozzle channel 2 is provided with a second inlet 5, the first inlet 4 is located upstream of the second inlet 5, the first inlet 4 is used for introducing a first component, and the second inlet 5 is used for introducing a second component, wherein the density of the second component is greater than that of the first component.
In this embodiment, the nozzle channel 2 is hollow and is used for circulating a plurality of reaction components. The first end of the nozzle channel 2 is an upstream part, and the second end is a downstream part, that is, the flow direction of the reaction components in the nozzle channel 2 is from the first end to the second end. The first inlet 4 and the second inlet 5 are spaced apart and the second inlet 5 is located at a downstream location such that the second component is injected into the flowing first component for blending with the first component in the nozzle channel 2.
Further, in the embodiment, the reactive components are distinguished according to the density, the second component with higher density is arranged in the first component with higher density sprayed and flowed in the downstream for mixing, the second component has higher density and higher jet penetration capability, and can be better diffused into the first component to flow, compared with the first component with lower density which is extendedly mixed into the second component, the second component is adopted for extendedly mixing, so that the mixing uniformity of the first component and the second component can be improved, the better mixing effect is achieved, the reduction of local high-temperature areas in the subsequent combustion process is facilitated, the combustion oscillation is inhibited, and the combustion effect is improved.
In this embodiment, the first component and the second component are injected at intervals, and the first component and the second component are mixed at the downstream of the nozzle channel 2, so that the risk of spontaneous combustion tempering caused by early mixing of reaction components is avoided, and the combustion safety is ensured. The nozzle structure is suitable for traditional fuels such as natural gas, flexible fuels such as hydrogen, and the like, and has strong fuel adaptability and high safety.
Further, the first inlet 4 is provided on the first end face of the nozzle channel 2 or on a side wall of the nozzle channel 2. I.e. the first inlet 4 may be arranged on the end face of the nozzle channel 2 such that the first component is injected from the first end of the nozzle channel 2; the first inlet 4 may also be provided on a side wall of the first end of the nozzle channel 2 such that the first component is introduced from the side wall of the nozzle channel 2. The site where the first component is specifically introduced into the interior of the nozzle passage 2 is not limited. The second inlet 5 is provided on a side wall of the nozzle channel 2. The second component may be introduced from the side wall of the nozzle channel 2 at a downstream location of the nozzle channel 2.
Further, on the basis of the above embodiment, a third inlet 6 is provided on the first end face or on the side wall near the first end of the nozzle channel 2, the third inlet 6 being for the introduction of a third component. Wherein the density of the third component may be less than the density of the second component. The third component may be introduced from the first end face portion or the side wall of the first end of the nozzle channel 2.
This embodiment allows for some combustion processes that require not only fuel, oxidant, but also some environmental medium for creating an environment suitable for combustion. For example, because hydrogen-based flexible fuels burn too rapidly and tend to cause localized high temperature regions, environmental media are added for dilution, which may be air but not limited to air, or diluents such as steam or inert gases, and fuel oxidants may be supplied separately as needed. Thus, some combustion processes require three reaction components. In other embodiments, the three reaction components are not limited to being a fuel, an oxidant, and a diluent; the fuel, the oxidant, the catalyst and the like can be used, and the specific types of the components are not limited.
In this embodiment, the third component is introduced at the upstream portion of the nozzle passage 2, and the first component and the third component are preliminarily mixed upstream and then flow downstream. The second component with relatively higher density is introduced into the mixed gas which is diffused into the first component and the third component from the downstream, and finally the first component, the second component and the third component are mixed and then sprayed out from the downstream.
In the embodiment, the first component and the third component are firstly mixed, then the second component is mixed, and the three reaction components are mixed step by step, so that ordered mixing of the reaction components can be realized, the combustion safety is improved, and the mixing effect is guaranteed; and the second component with higher density is used for diffusion blending at the downstream, which is beneficial to improving the blending uniformity.
Further, the first component flows along the length direction of the nozzle passage 2. The length direction of the nozzle passage 2, i.e., the direction from the first end to the second end, i.e., the direction from the upstream to the downstream inside the nozzle passage 2. The first component is injected along the length direction of the nozzle channel 2, so that the first component flows from upstream to downstream, and the reaction component in the nozzle channel 2 can be ensured to smoothly flow along the main flow direction and be smoothly injected from downstream. The first inlet 4 may be provided on the end face of the nozzle channel 2 to allow for flow introduction of the first component along the length of the channel. The first inlet 4 may be further disposed on a side wall of the nozzle channel 2, and a spoke or the like is disposed inside the nozzle channel 2 and is communicated with the first inlet 4, and an outlet of the first component is disposed on the spoke, and the outlet of the first component is led into the nozzle channel 2 and the outlet direction is controlled so that the first component is ejected along the length direction.
The second component may be injected perpendicular to the length direction of the nozzle channel 2, or may be injected along the length direction of the nozzle channel 2, or may be injected at an angle to the length direction of the nozzle channel 2, and the specific injection angle of the second component is not limited. Referring to fig. 15, when the second inlet 5 directly introduces the second component through the sidewall of the nozzle passage 2, the injection direction of the second component may be controlled by adjusting the axial direction of the second inlet 5. In addition, a spoke and other structures can be arranged in the nozzle channel 2 and communicated with the second inlet 5, and outlets of the second component are arranged on the spoke, so that the outlets of the second component are led into the nozzle channel 2, and the direction of the outlets is controlled to control and regulate the spraying direction of the second component.
The third component may be injected perpendicular to the length direction of the nozzle channel 2, or may be injected along the length direction of the nozzle channel 2, or may be injected at an angle to the length direction of the nozzle channel 2, and the specific injection angle of the third component is not limited. Referring to fig. 15, when the third inlet 6 directly introduces the third component through the sidewall of the nozzle passage 2, the injection direction of the third component may be controlled by adjusting the axial direction of the third inlet 6. In addition, a spoke and other structures can be arranged in the nozzle channel 2 and communicated with the third inlet 6, and outlets of the third component are arranged on the spoke, so that the outlets of the third component are led into the nozzle channel 2, and the direction of the outlets is controlled to control and regulate the spraying direction of the third component.
Further on the basis of the above embodiment, referring to fig. 15, the interior of the nozzle channel 2 is provided with a mixed flow structure 7 between the first end and the second end. In particular, the mixed flow structure 7 may be a cyclone. The cyclone is arranged between one of the first inlet 4 and the third inlet 6, which is close to the second inlet 5, and the second inlet 5. For example, alternatively, referring to fig. 15, in this embodiment the first inlet 4 is provided at the end face of the first end of the nozzle channel 2, the third inlet 6 is provided on the side wall of the nozzle channel 2 close to the first end, the third inlet 6 being closer to the second inlet 5 than the first inlet 4, and the swirler being provided between the third inlet 6 and the second inlet 5. Thus, after the first component and the third component are mixed, the mixture flows through the cyclone to be further mixed so as to ensure the mixing uniformity of the first component and the third component.
Further, the swirl number of the cyclone is 0.1-0.4. Further, other mixing structures 7, such as mixing ribs, may be provided between the first and second ends of the nozzle channel 2, for the purpose of enhancing the mixing between the first and third components, without limitation. Further, the inner diameter D1 of the second end of the nozzle channel 2 is 3-20mm.
On the basis of the above embodiments, further, the present embodiment provides a combustion chamber, which includes the combustion chamber nozzle structure according to any one of the above embodiments. The combustion chamber further comprises a combustion chamber body, and the nozzle body 3 of the nozzle structure is arranged at the head part of the combustion chamber body.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, this embodiment provides a micro-mixing nozzle adopting a bionic arrangement. The embodiment provides a novel micro-mixing nozzle based on the elicitation of sunflower in nature by adopting a fibonacci-fermat spiral arrangement mode. The microtubes in the nozzle, i.e. the nozzle channels 2, are advantageous for maintaining a uniform distribution in all directions, for improving the stability of the flame and other combustion properties. Meanwhile, the nozzle channels 2 can be divided and classified in areas and the corresponding fuel regulation and control can be performed. The biomimetic principle of sunflower can be explained here by fibonacci and fermat helices and is therefore referred to as fibonacci-fermat helices.
Specifically, the diameter of the microtube is selected according to the working condition of the combustion chamber, and is generally 2-14mm, and 4mm is taken here. R is the distance from the nth microtube to the central point, and can be according to a formulaObtained. Where c is the size factor, which is related to the size of the combustion chamber, typically takes 0.6-2 times the diameter of the microtube, here 4 x 1.2=4.8 mm. Alpha is the nth microtubule and the n+1th microtubule are about the centerRotation angle of point, 0<α<360 degrees, varying the angle values may result in different arrangements, which may be used as appropriate in different combustion chambers, 137.5 degrees being desirable in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, 5 and 12.
The advantage of the embodiment is that the micro-mixing nozzles adopt bionics arrangement, which improves the uniformity of fuel injection space distribution, is beneficial to reducing local high temperature areas, forming stable flame and obtaining uniform outlet temperature distribution; and meanwhile, the flammability limit is widened, and better ignition and flameout performance is obtained. The micro-mixing nozzle in this embodiment may form a multi-unit stage micro-mixing nozzle combination head to simplify the fuel supply system; the method can be amplified according to actual conditions without generating additional influence, so that the head part of the whole combustion chamber can be designed into a larger micro-mixing nozzle unit 1, the space of the combustion chamber can be more fully utilized, and the related fuel regulation and control method adopts a mode of interval partition combustion, so that the uniformity of fuel injection under wide load can be ensured to the greatest extent, and the combustion chamber can maintain good emission performance under all working conditions; and the difficulty of continuous flame is reduced, so that the speed of load adjustment is improved.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A combustion chamber nozzle structure, comprising: the spray nozzle comprises a spray nozzle body, wherein at least one spray nozzle unit is arranged on the spray nozzle body, the spray nozzle unit comprises a plurality of spray nozzle channels, and the spray nozzle channels are arranged according to a fibonacci series-fermat spiral;
when one nozzle unit is arranged on the nozzle body, the nozzle channel of the nozzle unit in the central area is set as a duty area, the nozzle channels at the periphery of the duty area sequentially comprise a plurality of groups of classification areas along the circumferential direction, and any group of classification areas comprise a plurality of different stage areas sequentially arranged along the circumferential direction;
the on-duty area is used for being opened under all combustion working conditions; the plurality of different stage areas are used for being selectively opened according to combustion conditions.
2. The combustor nozzle configuration of claim 1, wherein the fibonacci-fermat spiral arrangement is specifically:
；
；
wherein R is the interval between the center of the nth nozzle channel and the center of the nozzle unit; c is a size coefficient; r is the radius of the polar coordinates; θ is the polar coordinate angle; alpha is the rotation angle of the nth and (n+1) th nozzle passages with respect to the center of the nozzle unit.
3. The combustor nozzle configuration of claim 2, wherein a in the fibonacci-fermat spiral arrangement is 50 ° -300 °.
4. A combustor nozzle configuration as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the nozzle channel has a diameter of: 2-14mm.
5. A combustion chamber nozzle structure as set forth in any one of claims 1-3, wherein when a plurality of said nozzle units are provided on said nozzle body, one of said nozzle units is provided in a central portion of said nozzle body, and the remaining said nozzle units are uniformly distributed in a circumferential direction.
6. The structure of the nozzle of the combustion chamber according to claim 5, wherein the nozzle unit located at the central portion of the nozzle body is provided as a duty unit, and a plurality of the nozzle units located at the periphery of the duty unit are divided into a plurality of different stage units;
the duty unit is used for being started under all combustion working conditions; the plurality of different stage units are used for being selectively opened according to combustion working conditions.
7. A combustor nozzle configuration as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a first end of the nozzle channel is provided with a first inlet and a second end of the nozzle channel is provided with a second inlet, the first inlet being located upstream of the second inlet, the first inlet being for the passage of a first component and the second inlet being for the passage of a second component, wherein the density of the second component is greater than the density of the first component.
8. The combustor nozzle configuration of claim 7, wherein a third inlet is further provided on the first end face or on a sidewall proximate the first end of the nozzle channel for the passage of a third component.
9. A combustion chamber comprising a combustion chamber nozzle arrangement according to any one of the preceding claims 1-8.
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