CN102198641A - Super-hard abrasive grinding wheel with head face having abrasives in phyllotaxis arrangement and production method thereof - Google Patents
Super-hard abrasive grinding wheel with head face having abrasives in phyllotaxis arrangement and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a super-hard abrasive grinding wheel with a head face having abrasives in a phyllotaxis arrangement, comprising a grinding wheel basal body. The working surface of the grinding wheel basal body is provided with a plurality of abrasive particles or abrasive particle groups fitting with the biological phyllotaxis theory. The plurality of abrasive particles or abrasive particle groups are fixed on the grinding wheel basal body through a metal bonding agent. According to the biological phyllotaxis theory, the plurality of abrasive particles or abrasive particle groups form a plurality of anticlockwise leaf column line grooves and a plurality of clockwise leaf column line grooves. By means of the invention, the arrangement of the abrasive particles or the abrasive particle groups on the working surface of the grinding wheel fits with the H.Vogel model of the phyllotaxis theory so as to realize the physiographic controllability of the working surface of the grinding wheel. Nickel or nickel-cobalt alloy is adopted to serve as the bonding agent so as to fixedly bond the abrasives. The grinding wheel is capable of controlling the cutting state of the abrasive particles in a grinding region, the cooling liquid distribution and the grinding temperature distribution, and achieving lowest grinding force and specific energy consumption, lowest grinding temperature and burn, lowest abrasion of the grinding wheel, optimal work-surface surface integrity, and the like. The comprehensive grinding performance of the head face grinding of the super-hard abrasive grinding wheel is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the efficient precise grinding manufacture field, is a kind of design and manufacture method of novel superhard abrasive material grinding tool.The characteristics of this emery wheel are that the phyllotaxy theory in the biology is applied in the emery wheel design and manufacturing field in the grinding, make cross grinding satisfy sunflower seed H.Vogel model arranged evenly with the super-abrasive grinding wheel surface topography.Be mainly used in the manufacturing field process of grinding optical element, semiconductor wafer, ceramic part and difficult processing metal part etc., can obtain higher surface integrity, lower grinding heat damage, grinding force and specific energy consumption, improve the service life and the grinding efficiency of emery wheel, the efficient precise grinding precision component is had great significance.
Background technology
Grinding is a processing technology important in the machine-building.Along with the requirement in engineering goods precision, reliability and life-span improves constantly, the application of difficult processing metal, engineering ceramic material, optical crystal material and semi-conducting material increases, proposed many new challenges to grinding, superhard abrasive material grinding tool has obtained developing widely and using in this case.According to Principle of Grinding and Cutting as can be known, the factor that influences Grinding Process is a lot, for example factors such as wear particle size, effective abrasive particle number, thickness of cutting, cutting width and contact arc length.In numerous influence factors, the distribution situation of wheel face abrasive particle has the greatest impact to machining accuracy.The abrasive material of super-abrasive grinding wheel surface distribution at present is a kind of random distribution, and is uncontrollable.Random distribution brings invalid grinding sword and grinding ratio energy consumption to increase, and emery wheel blocks and grinding skin damages big problem, therefore, how to realize the wheel face through engineering approaches controlled be the key problem in technology place in field.
In recent years, the abrasive particle ordering is arranged and studies show that of slotted wheel, the geomorphic feature of specific emery wheel and the structure of emery wheel are having remarkable result aspect the grinding performance that improves emery wheel, but lack theoretical foundation on the rationalization selection problem of wheel face design parameter.If it is improper that parameter is selected, will cause that the unstability of grinding and grinding efficiency are low.Therefore the phyllotaxy that the present invention is based on biological evolution result and the obtain theory of arranging manufactures and designs and realizes arranging of emery wheel working surface abrasive material, realizes the controllability that the wheel face abrasive material distributes, and solves problem in the grinding recited above.Realize the efficient precise grinding of cross grinding with super-abrasive grinding wheel.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is provides a kind of phyllotaxy arrange abrasive material end face super-abrasive grinding wheel and production method thereof for solving problem in the above-mentioned grinding
The technical scheme that adopts is:
The phyllotaxy of the present invention abrasive material end face super-abrasive grinding wheel of arranging; comprise grinding wheel base body; the working surface that it is characterized in that described grinding wheel base body has a plurality of abrasive particles or the abrasive particle family that meets biology phyllotaxy theory; a plurality of abrasive particles or abrasive particle family are fixed on the grinding wheel base body by metallic bond; a plurality of abrasive particles or abrasive particle family are by theoretical many counterclockwise blade row line trenches and many clockwise blade row line trenches of forming of biological phyllotaxy.
The arrange production method of abrasive material end face super-abrasive grinding wheel of phyllotaxy of the present invention comprises following technical process:
At first, design and produce grinding wheel base body, the material of grinding wheel base body is a carbon steel, and the hardness of grinding wheel base body is more than HRC40, and diameter can be determined according to instructions for use; Then, more produce lithography mask version according to the designed phyllotaxy of wheel face abrasive material (the coarseness abrasive material is arranged with the abrasive particle point, and the family that the fine granularity abrasive material forms with many abrasive particles is as the arranging a little) pattern of arranging; After, with grinding wheel base body coating ultraviolet light photoresist, and under ultraviolet light, utilize masterplate to carry out mask lithography and curing; At last, electroplating technology that adopt to electroplate super-abrasive grinding wheel is electroplated matrix in advance, is put sand, thickening is electroplated and pre-process and post-process technology obtains phyllotaxy arrange abrasive particle or abrasive particle family cross grinding super-abrasive grinding wheel.Such method of manufacturing technology can realize the phyllotaxy of abrasive particle or the abrasive material family controllability of arranging.
The present invention can guarantee the H. Vogel model that emery wheel working surface abrasive particle or abrasive particle family arrange and meet the phyllotaxy theory, realizes the landform shape controllability of emery wheel working surface.The fixed use nickel or the nickel cobalt (alloy) of abrasive material are fixed as bond.Distribution and grinding temperature that this emery wheel can be controlled abrasive grain cutting state, cooling fluid in the grinding area distribute, reach the minimum grinding force and the grinding temperature and the burn of specific energy consumption, minimum, minimum abrasion of grinding wheel and best surface of the work integrality etc. have improved the comprehensive grinding performance of super-abrasive grinding wheel cross grinding.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the arrange structural representation of emery wheel of abrasive particle or abrasive particle family phyllotaxy.
Fig. 2 is the arrange galvanoplastic manufacturing process flow diagram of emery wheel of abrasive particle phyllotaxy.
The specific embodiment
The phyllotaxy of the present invention abrasive material end face super-abrasive grinding wheel of arranging comprises grinding wheel base body 1, and the working surface of grinding wheel base body 1 has a plurality of abrasive particles 2 that meet biology phyllotaxy theory, and a plurality of abrasive particles 2 are fixed on the grinding wheel base body 1 by the nickel bond.A plurality of abrasive particles 2 are by theoretical many counterclockwise blade row line trenches 3 and many clockwise blade row line trenches 4 of forming of biological phyllotaxy.
The theoretical H.Vogel model of biological phyllotaxy, promptly the seed polar angle of plant satisfies
, the radial position of seed piece polar coordinates is satisfied
Wherein n is the ordinal number of seed, and k is a coefficient of growth.The H.Vogel model is typically to describe the arrange model of rule of sunflower seeds kernel structure.The arranging of sunflower seeds kernel structure has the surface to thermal-radiating absorption maximum, and the parastichy spiral grooves convection cell of formation has the feature of effect weakening as the time spent, and the geometry of seed is arranged and satisfied the golden section rule.These rationalize the abrasive material of arranging for wheel face, realize that the emery wheel high performance provides considerable feasibility.When the wheel face through engineering approaches designs, can the abrasive particle family that an abrasive particle or a plurality of abrasive particle are formed be arranged as a seed point, form and have the arrange hard grinding wheel of abrasive material of phyllotaxy.Realize the controllability that abrasive particle or abrasive particle family arrange by the relevant parameter that changes in the H.Vogel model, thereby obtain optimized cross grinding super-abrasive grinding wheel, improve its grinding performance.
The arrange production method of abrasive material end face super-abrasive grinding wheel of phyllotaxy of the present invention comprises following technical process:
1). utilize CAD software based on the H.Vogel model (
,
) produce the pattern of arranging by the phyllotaxy theory, and make the mask version by platemaking machine.
2). design the arrange basal body structure of emery wheel of abrasive particle phyllotaxy.Matrix material can be selected medium carbon steel, carbon tool steel, steel alloy or bearing steel etc., and the heat treatment hardness on plating super hard abrasive surface is greater than HRC40, and diameter can determine according to the actual requirements that other sizes of matrix and structure can be determined according to concrete actual demand.
3). emery wheel is made in the technological process according to Fig. 2.Wherein each process related description is as follows:
A) the photoetching phyllotaxy pattern of arranging: the emery wheel working surface is carried out deburring (use sand paper) → electrochemical degreasing and solvent processing → drying → coating ultraviolet photoresists (SU8 or photosensitive-ink) → dry solidification → mask exposure (can utilize the arrange film version of pattern of printed phyllotaxy to cover on the UV-radiation-sensitive dry film, utilize quartz burner to expose then) → develop (put in the developer solution, developer is converted water by 1:100) → clean with dry.Electrochemical degreasing agent prescription during electrochemical degreasing is NaOH 16g/L, sodium carbonate 40g/L, sodium phosphate 16g/L; During oil removing grinding wheel base body is turned linked in the electrochemical degreasing agent solution, solution temperature is 50 ℃~60 ℃, and turn-on current density is 10
Power supply, electrode is a graphite, first cathode treatment 1 minute, anode was handled 3 minutes then.The solvent oil removing is to adopt acetone solvent to clean.
B). matrix surface is coated with non-conductive insulating cement.
C). preparation electroplate liquid: nickelous sulfate 250g/L~300g/L
Nickel chloride 30~60 g/L; Cobaltous sulfate 8 g/L; Boric acid 35~40g/L; Lauryl sodium sulfate 0.05~0.1g/L; 1,4-butynol 0.3g/L; Asccharin 0.8 g/L;
D). the plating pre-treatment: pickling (hydrochloric acid, volume ratio are 1:1) → cold water flush → anode processing (the anode Treatment Solution: sulfuric acid, convert water for 2:3 by volume; At solution temperature is 20 ℃~30 ℃, and current density is 25
The function of current under, power cathode graphite, positive pole connects grinding wheel base body, switches on 3 minutes) → flushing goes into electroplating bath and electroplates.
E). the abrasive particle pre-treatment: acetone soaked 10 minutes, and rare then nitric acid boils 30 minutes → cooling → distilled water flushing to neutrality → be immersed in the electroplate liquid stand-by.
F). electroplating process: matrix is done and is connect negative electrode, and the nickel plate connects anode.The electroplating technique condition is 3~5 for electroplate liquid pH value, and temperature is 45 ℃~60 ℃.The current density of preplating and last sand is 0.25~0.5, and last sand thickness is about 10 ﹪ of abrasive particle mean radius; The current density of thickening is 1~2
, thickening thickness is 2/3 height of abrasive particle.
G). post processing: demoulding (utilize remover solution, remover is converted water by 1:60) is removed glue-line, cleans, and forms arrange abrasive particle or abrasive particle family of phyllotaxy and electroplates the binding agent ultra hard emery wheel.
Claims (4)
1. the phyllotaxy abrasive material end face super-abrasive grinding wheel of arranging; comprise grinding wheel base body; the working surface that it is characterized in that described grinding wheel base body has a plurality of abrasive particles or the abrasive particle family that meets biology phyllotaxy theory; a plurality of abrasive particles or abrasive particle family are fixed on the grinding wheel base body by metallic bond; a plurality of abrasive particles or abrasive particle family are by theoretical many counterclockwise blade row line trenches and many clockwise blade row line trenches of forming of biological phyllotaxy.
2. the phyllotaxy according to claim 1 abrasive material end face super-abrasive grinding wheel of arranging is characterized in that described abrasive material is diamond abrasive or cubic boron nitride abrasive materials, and the binding agent of abrasive particle and grinding wheel base body is the plated metal bond.
3. the phyllotaxy according to claim 1 abrasive material end face super-abrasive grinding wheel of arranging; it is characterized in that being used for making the arrange mask pattern of abrasive grinding wheel of cross grinding of abrasive particle or abrasive particle family phyllotaxy and be the phyllotaxy theory and arrange, promptly obey the theoretical H.Vogel model of biological phyllotaxy.
4. the phyllotaxy production method of abrasive material end face super-abrasive grinding wheel of arranging, its feature comprises following technical process:
At first, design and produce grinding wheel base body, the material of grinding wheel base body is a carbon steel, and the hardness of grinding wheel base body is more than HRC40, and diameter can be determined according to instructions for use; Then, more produce lithography mask version according to the designed phyllotaxy of wheel face abrasive material (the coarseness abrasive material is arranged with the abrasive particle point, and the family that the fine granularity abrasive material forms with many abrasive particles is as the arranging a little) pattern of arranging; After, with grinding wheel base body coating ultraviolet light photoresist, and under ultraviolet light, utilize masterplate to carry out mask lithography and curing; At last, electroplating technology that adopt to electroplate super-abrasive grinding wheel is electroplated matrix in advance, is put sand, thickening is electroplated and pre-process and post-process technology obtains phyllotaxy arrange abrasive particle or abrasive particle family cross grinding super-abrasive grinding wheel.
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