CN102198641B - Super-hard abrasive grinding wheel with head face having abrasives in phyllotaxis arrangement and production method thereof - Google Patents
Super-hard abrasive grinding wheel with head face having abrasives in phyllotaxis arrangement and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102198641B CN102198641B CN 201110122315 CN201110122315A CN102198641B CN 102198641 B CN102198641 B CN 102198641B CN 201110122315 CN201110122315 CN 201110122315 CN 201110122315 A CN201110122315 A CN 201110122315A CN 102198641 B CN102198641 B CN 102198641B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a super-hard abrasive grinding wheel with a head face having abrasives in a phyllotaxis arrangement, comprising a grinding wheel basal body. The working surface of the grinding wheel basal body is provided with a plurality of abrasive particles or abrasive particle groups fitting with the biological phyllotaxis theory. The plurality of abrasive particles or abrasive particle groups are fixed on the grinding wheel basal body through a metal bonding agent. According to the biological phyllotaxis theory, the plurality of abrasive particles or abrasive particle groups form a plurality of anticlockwise leaf column line grooves and a plurality of clockwise leaf column line grooves. By means of the invention, the arrangement of the abrasive particles or the abrasive particle groups on the working surface of the grinding wheel fits with the H.Vogel model of the phyllotaxis theory so as to realize the physiographic controllability of the working surface of the grinding wheel. Nickel or nickel-cobalt alloy is adopted to serve as the bonding agent so as to fixedly bond the abrasives. The grinding wheel is capable of controlling the cutting state of the abrasive particles in a grinding region, the cooling liquid distribution and the grinding temperature distribution, and achieving lowest grinding force and specific energy consumption, lowest grinding temperature and burn, lowest abrasion of the grinding wheel, optimal work-surface surface integrity, and the like. The comprehensive grinding performance of the head face grinding of the super-hard abrasive grinding wheel is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the efficient precise grinding manufacture field, is a kind of design and manufacture method of novel superhard abrasive material grinding tool.The characteristics of this emery wheel are that the phyllotaxy theory in the biology is applied in the emery wheel design and manufacture field in the grinding, make cross grinding satisfy sunflower seed H.Vogel model arranged evenly with the super-abrasive grinding wheel surface topography.Be mainly used in the manufacturing field process of grinding optical element, semiconductor wafer, ceramic part and difficult processing metal part etc., can obtain higher surface integrity, lower Grinding heat injury, grinding force and specific energy consumption, improve service life and the grinding efficiency of emery wheel, the efficient precise grinding precision component is had great significance.
Background technology
Grinding is processing technology important in the machine-building.Along with the requirement in Mechanical Product Accuracy, reliability and life-span improves constantly, the application of difficult processing metal, engineering ceramic material, optical crystal material and semi-conducting material increases, proposed many new challenges to grinding, superhard abrasive material grinding tool has obtained developing widely and using in this case.According to Principle of Grinding and Cutting as can be known, the factor that affects Grinding Process is a lot, factors such as wear particle size, Effective grains' number, thickness of cutting, cutting width and contact arc length.In numerous influence factors, the distribution situation of wheel face abrasive particle has the greatest impact to machining accuracy.The at present abrasive material of super-abrasive grinding wheel surface distribution is a kind of random distribution, and is uncontrollable.Random distribution brings invalid grinding sword and grinding ratio energy consumption to increase, and emery wheel blocks and grinding skin damages large problem, therefore, how to realize the wheel face through engineering approaches controlled be the key problem in technology place in field.
In recent years, the abrasive particle ordering is arranged and studies show that of slotted wheel, the geomorphic feature of specific emery wheel and the structure of emery wheel are having remarkable result aspect the grinding performance that improves emery wheel, but lack theoretical foundation in the rationalization selection problem of wheel face design parameter.If it is improper that parameter is selected, will cause that the unstability of grinding and grinding efficiency are low.Therefore the phyllotaxy that the present invention is based on biological evolution result and the obtain theory of arranging manufactures and designs and realizes arranging of emery wheel working surface abrasive material, realizes the controllability that the wheel face abrasive material distributes, and solves problem in the grinding recited above.Realize the cross grinding efficient precise grinding of super-abrasive grinding wheel.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is provides a kind of super-hard abrasive grinding wheel with head face having abrasives in phyllotaxis arrangement and production method thereof for the problem that solves in the above-mentioned grinding
The technical scheme that adopts is:
Super-hard abrasive grinding wheel with head face having abrasives in phyllotaxis arrangement of the present invention; comprise grinding wheel base body; the working surface that it is characterized in that described grinding wheel base body has a plurality of abrasive particles or the abrasive particle family that meets biology phyllotaxy theory; a plurality of abrasive particles or abrasive particle family are fixed on the grinding wheel base body by metallic bond; a plurality of abrasive particles or abrasive particle family form many counterclockwise blade row line trenches by biological phyllotaxy is theoretical, and many clockwise blade row line trenches.
The production method of super-hard abrasive grinding wheel with head face having abrasives in phyllotaxis arrangement of the present invention comprises following technical process:
At first, design and produce grinding wheel base body, the material of grinding wheel base body is carbon steel, and the hardness of grinding wheel base body is more than HRC40, and diameter can be determined according to requirements; Then, more produce lithography mask version according to the designed phyllotaxy of wheel face abrasive material (the coarseness abrasive material is arranged with the abrasive particle point, and the family that the fine granularity abrasive material forms with many abrasive particles is as the arranging a little) pattern of arranging; Rear, with grinding wheel base body coating ultraviolet light photoresist, and under ultraviolet light, utilize masterplate to carry out mask lithography and curing; At last, electroplating technology that adopt to electroplate super-abrasive grinding wheel is electroplated in advance matrix, is put sand, thickening is electroplated and pre-process and post-process technique obtains phyllotaxy arrange abrasive particle or abrasive particle family cross grinding super-abrasive grinding wheel.Such method of manufacturing technology can realize the phyllotaxy of abrasive particle or the abrasive material family controllability of arranging.
The present invention can guarantee the H. Vogel model that emery wheel working surface abrasive particle or abrasive particle family arrange and meet the phyllotaxy theory, realizes the landform shape controllability of emery wheel working surface.Fixed use nickel or the nickel cobalt (alloy) of abrasive material are fixed as bond.Distribution and grinding temperature that this emery wheel can be controlled abrasive grain cutting state, cooling fluid in the grinding area distribute, reach minimum grinding force and grinding temperature and the burn of specific energy consumption, minimum, minimum abrasion of grinding wheel and best surface of the work integrality etc. have improved the comprehensive grinding performance of super-abrasive grinding wheel cross grinding.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the arrange structural representation of emery wheel of abrasive particle or abrasive particle family phyllotaxy.
Fig. 2 is the arrange galvanoplastic manufacturing process flow diagram of emery wheel of abrasive particle phyllotaxy.
The specific embodiment
Super-hard abrasive grinding wheel with head face having abrasives in phyllotaxis arrangement of the present invention comprises grinding wheel base body 1, and the working surface of grinding wheel base body 1 has a plurality of abrasive particles 2 that meet biology phyllotaxy theory, and a plurality of abrasive particles 2 are fixed on the grinding wheel base body 1 by the nickel bond.A plurality of abrasive particles 2 form many counterclockwise blade row line trenches 3 by biological phyllotaxy is theoretical, and many clockwise blade row line trenches 4.
The theoretical H.Vogel model of biological phyllotaxy, namely the seed polar angle of plant satisfies
, the radial position of seed piece polar coordinates is satisfied
Wherein n is the ordinal number of seed, and k is coefficient of growth.The H.Vogel model is typically to describe the arrange model of rule of sunflower seeds kernel structure.Arranging of sunflower seeds kernel structure has the surface to thermal-radiating absorption maximum, and the parastichy spiral grooves convection cell of formation has the feature of effect weakening as the time spent, and the geometry of seed is arranged and satisfied the Golden-Section Law.These rationalize the abrasive material of arranging for wheel face, realize that the emery wheel high performance provides considerable feasibility.When the wheel face Engineering Design, can the abrasive particle family that an abrasive particle or a plurality of abrasive particle form be arranged as a seed point, form and have the arrange hard grinding wheel of abrasive material of phyllotaxy.Realize the controllability that abrasive particle or abrasive particle family arrange by the relevant parameter that changes in the H.Vogel model, thereby obtain optimized cross grinding super-abrasive grinding wheel, improve its grinding performance.
The production method of super-hard abrasive grinding wheel with head face having abrasives in phyllotaxis arrangement of the present invention comprises following technical process:
1). utilize CAD software based on the H.Vogel model (
,
) produce the pattern of arranging by the phyllotaxy theory, and make mask plate by platemaking machine.
2). design the arrange basal body structure of emery wheel of abrasive particle phyllotaxy.Matrix material can be selected medium carbon steel, carbon tool steel, steel alloy or bearing steel etc., and the heat treatment hardness on plating super hard abrasive surface is greater than HRC40, and diameter can determine according to the actual requirements, and other sizes of matrix and structure can be determined according to concrete actual demand.
3). emery wheel is made in the technological process according to Fig. 2.Wherein each process related description is as follows:
A) the photoetching phyllotaxy pattern of arranging: to the emery wheel working surface carry out deburring (use sand paper) → electrochemical degreasing and solvent process → dry → apply ultraviolet photoresists (SU8 or photosensitive-ink) → dry solidification → mask exposure (can utilize the arrange film version of pattern of printed phyllotaxy to cover on the UV-radiation-sensitive dry film, then utilize quartz burner to expose) → develop (put in the developer solution, developer is watered by 1:100) → clean with dry.Electrochemical degreasing agent prescription during electrochemical degreasing is NaOH 16g/L, sodium carbonate 40g/L, sodium phosphate 16g/L; During oil removing grinding wheel base body is turned linked in the electrochemical degreasing agent solution, solution temperature is 50 ℃～60 ℃, and turn-on current density is 10
Power supply, electrode is graphite, first cathode treatment 1 minute, then anode was processed 3 minutes.The solvent oil removing is to adopt acetone solvent to clean.
B). matrix surface is coated with non-conductive insulating cement.
C). preparation electroplate liquid: nickelous sulfate 250g/L～300g/L
Nickel chloride 30～60 g/L; Cobaltous sulfate 8 g/L; Boric acid 35～40g/L; Lauryl sodium sulfate 0.05～0.1g/L; Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-butynol 0.3g/L; Asccharin 0.8 g/L;
D). the plating pre-treatment: pickling (hydrochloric acid, volume ratio are 1:1) → cold water flush → (the anode Treatment Solution: sulfuric acid is watered for 2:3 by volume in anode processing; Be 20 ℃～30 ℃ at solution temperature, current density is 25
The function of current under, power cathode graphite, positive pole connects grinding wheel base body, switches on 3 minutes) → flushing enters electroplating bath and electroplates.
E). the abrasive particle pre-treatment: acetone soaked 10 minutes, and then rare nitric acid boils 30 minutes → cooling → distilled water flushing to neutrality → be immersed in the electroplate liquid stand-by.
F). electroplating process: matrix is done and is connect negative electrode, and the nickel plate connects anode.The electroplating technique condition is that electroplate liquid pH value is 3～5, and temperature is 45 ℃～60 ℃.The current density of preplating and upper sand is 0.25～0.5, and upper sand thickness is about 10 ﹪ of abrasive particle mean radius; The current density of thickening is 1～2
, thickening thickness is 2/3 height of abrasive particle.
G). post processing: demoulding (utilize remover solution, remover is watered by 1:60) is removed glue-line, cleans, and forms arrange abrasive particle or abrasive particle family of phyllotaxy and electroplates the binding agent ultra hard emery wheel.
Claims (1)
1. the production method of super-hard abrasive grinding wheel with head face having abrasives in phyllotaxis arrangement is characterized in that comprising following technical process:
1). utilize CAD software based on the H.Vogel model
,
Produce the pattern of arranging by the phyllotaxy theory, and make mask plate by platemaking machine; N is the ordinal number of seed, and k is coefficient of growth;
2). design the arrange basal body structure of emery wheel of abrasive particle phyllotaxy, matrix material is selected medium carbon steel, carbon tool steel, steel alloy or bearing steel, the heat treatment hardness on plating super hard abrasive surface is greater than HRC40, diameter is definite according to the actual requirements, and other sizes of matrix and structure are determined according to concrete actual demand;
3). make emery wheel according to following technological process, the design that the grinding wheel base body design and manufacture → the abrasive material phyllotaxy is arranged and making sheet → matrix electrochemical degreasing and solvent oil removing → rotary coating photoresists and exposure → development formation phyllotaxy mask matrix → phyllotaxy mask matrix pickling → phyllotaxy mask matrix activation processing → phyllotaxy mask matrix preplating processing → matrix surface plating is put sand → bond coating and is thickeied → take off mask glue, cleans formation phyllotaxy emery wheel, carried out abrasive particle and plate pre-treatment before the sand step is put in the matrix surface plating; Wherein each process related description is as follows:
A) the photoetching phyllotaxy pattern of arranging: use sand paper to carry out deburring → electrochemical degreasing to the emery wheel working surface and process with solvent → dry → coating ultraviolet photoresists → dry solidification → mask exposure: utilize the arrange film version of pattern of printed phyllotaxy to cover on the UV-radiation-sensitive dry film, then utilize quartz burner to expose → develop: put in the developer solution, developer is watered → cleans with dry by 1:100; Electrochemical degreasing agent prescription during electrochemical degreasing is: NaOH 16g/L, sodium carbonate 40g/L, sodium phosphate 16g/L; During oil removing grinding wheel base body is turned linked in the electrochemical degreasing agent solution, solution temperature is 50 ℃～60 ℃, and turn-on current density is 10
Power supply, electrode is graphite, first cathode treatment 1 minute, then anode was processed 3 minutes, it is to adopt acetone solvent to clean that solvent is processed;
B). matrix surface is coated with non-conductive insulating cement;
C). preparation electroplate liquid: nickelous sulfate 250g/L～300g/L; Nickel chloride 30～60 g/L; Cobaltous sulfate 8 g/L; Boric acid 35～40g/L; Lauryl sodium sulfate 0.05～0.1g/L; Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-butynol 0.3g/L; Asccharin 0.8 g/L;
D). plating pre-treatment: pickling: hydrochloric acid, volume ratio are that 1:1 → cold water flush → anode is processed: the anode Treatment Solution: sulfuric acid is watered for 2:3 by volume; Be 20 ℃～30 ℃ at solution temperature, current density is 25
The function of current under, power cathode graphite, positive pole connects grinding wheel base body, the 3 minutes → flushing of switching on enters electroplating bath and electroplates;
E). the abrasive particle pre-treatment: acetone soaked 10 minutes, and then rare nitric acid boils 30 minutes → cooling → distilled water flushing to neutrality → be immersed in the electroplate liquid stand-by;
F). electroplating process: matrix connects negative electrode, and the nickel plate connects anode; The electroplating technique condition is that electroplate liquid pH value is 3～5, and temperature is 45 ℃～60 ℃, and the current density of preplating and upper sand is 0.25～0.5
, upper sand thickness is abrasive particle mean radius 10 ﹪; The current density of thickening is 1～2
, thickening thickness is 2/3 height of abrasive particle;
G). post processing: demoulding: utilize remover solution, remover is watered the removal glue-line by 1:60, cleans, and forms super-hard abrasive grinding wheel with head face having abrasives in phyllotaxis arrangement.
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| EP3013528A4 (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2017-01-25 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Coated abrasive article based on a sunflower pattern |
| CN107855953A (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2018-03-30 | 中国有色桂林矿产地质研究院有限公司 | A kind of method for making superabrasive particles ordered arrangement in abrasive band |
| CN107855954A (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2018-03-30 | 中国有色桂林矿产地质研究院有限公司 | A kind of method for making superabrasive particles ordered arrangement in mill |
| CN107855955A (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2018-03-30 | 中国有色桂林矿产地质研究院有限公司 | A kind of method for making superabrasive particles ordered arrangement in emery wheel |
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