CN105307755A - 用于减少气体流中的卤化物浓度的方法和活性材料 - Google Patents
用于减少气体流中的卤化物浓度的方法和活性材料 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105307755A CN105307755A CN201480032054.4A CN201480032054A CN105307755A CN 105307755 A CN105307755 A CN 105307755A CN 201480032054 A CN201480032054 A CN 201480032054A CN 105307755 A CN105307755 A CN 105307755A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- active material
- oxide
- material according
- gas flow
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N technetium atom Chemical compound [Tc] GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 3
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 35
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 26
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- -1 hydrogen halides Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 3
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 101710134784 Agnoprotein Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- LBSANEJBGMCTBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganate Chemical compound [O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O LBSANEJBGMCTBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001960 metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdate Chemical compound [O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002896 organic halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadate(3-) Chemical compound [O-][V]([O-])([O-])=O LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001348 alkyl chlorides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001350 alkyl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
- B01J20/08—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04 comprising aluminium oxide or hydroxide; comprising bauxite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/68—Halogens or halogen compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/68—Halogens or halogen compounds
- B01D53/685—Halogens or halogen compounds by treating the gases with solids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/04—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
- B01J20/041—Oxides or hydroxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
- B01J20/103—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate comprising silica
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
- B01J20/12—Naturally occurring clays or bleaching earth
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
- B01J20/16—Alumino-silicates
- B01J20/18—Synthetic zeolitic molecular sieves
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/28016—Particle form
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/28016—Particle form
- B01J20/28019—Spherical, ellipsoidal or cylindrical
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28057—Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28069—Pore volume, e.g. total pore volume, mesopore volume, micropore volume
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/3007—Moulding, shaping or extruding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
- B01J20/3202—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the carrier, support or substrate used for impregnation or coating
- B01J20/3204—Inorganic carriers, supports or substrates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
- B01J20/3231—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the coating or impregnating layer
- B01J20/3234—Inorganic material layers
- B01J20/3236—Inorganic material layers containing metal, other than zeolites, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, sulphides or salts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/30—Alkali metal compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/30—Alkali metal compounds
- B01D2251/306—Alkali metal compounds of potassium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/40—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/40—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds
- B01D2251/408—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds of barium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/60—Inorganic bases or salts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/60—Inorganic bases or salts
- B01D2251/602—Oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
- B01D2253/112—Metals or metal compounds not provided for in B01D2253/104 or B01D2253/106
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
- B01D2253/112—Metals or metal compounds not provided for in B01D2253/104 or B01D2253/106
- B01D2253/1122—Metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
- B01D2253/112—Metals or metal compounds not provided for in B01D2253/104 or B01D2253/106
- B01D2253/1124—Metal oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/20—Halogens or halogen compounds
- B01D2257/204—Inorganic halogen compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/20—Halogens or halogen compounds
- B01D2257/204—Inorganic halogen compounds
- B01D2257/2045—Hydrochloric acid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/20—Halogens or halogen compounds
- B01D2257/206—Organic halogen compounds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
Abstract
本公开内容一般地涉及用于净化含有卤化物作为污染物的气体流的方法和活性材料,所述卤化物例如以低至百万分率(ppm)或甚至十亿分率(ppb)的量。在本发明的一个方面,活性材料包含:(a)各自以金属氧化物或金属氢氧化物存在的一种或更多种第一金属,该第一金属选自由铁、钴、镍、铜、钌、铑、钯、银、锇、铱、铂和金组成的组;和(b)各自以金属氧化物或金属氢氧化物存在的一种或更多种第二金属,该一种或更多种第二金属选自由碱金属、碱土金属、钪、钇、钛、锆、铪、钒、铌、钽、铬、钼、钨、锰、锝和铼组成的组。
Description
发明背景
发明领域
本公开内容一般地涉及用于净化含有卤化物作为污染物的气体流的方法和活性材料,所述卤化物例如以低至百万分率(ppm)或甚至十亿分率(ppb)的量。
技术背景
卤素产品和副产品通过引起下游催化剂的失活和设备的腐蚀以及其他在化学工业中呈现出严重问题。例如,在氨和氢气制造中,卤化物诸如氯化氢可通过使多种催化剂诸如重整催化剂、高温变换催化剂、费-托催化剂以及特别是铜基低温变换催化剂中毒而显著降低工艺效率。实际上,小于1ppm的卤化物可使氨和氢气装置中的下游催化剂特别是铜基催化剂严重失活。因此,合意的是,在卤化物与催化剂接触之前除去存在于气体流中的任何卤化物。
先前已经公开了使用金属吸附剂诸如Ca基材料、Mg基材料、Mn基材料、Zn基材料和基于碱的材料从气体流中除去相对大量的卤化物。虽然这些吸附剂能脱去大量的卤化物,但其在从气体流中除去非常低量的卤素中效果较差;即,气体流中卤素含量越低,除去卤素越困难。
仍然存在对可除去卤化物甚至当其在气体流中以低水平存在时的方法和活性材料的需求。
发明概述
在某些方面,本发明解决了对于含有相对低量的卤化物的气体流的灵敏的净化方法的需求。在广泛的方面,本公开内容提供含有低至百万分率(ppm)或甚至低至十亿分率(ppb)的量的卤化物的气体流的净化。
因此,在一方面,本公开内容提供用于减少气体流中卤化物浓度的方法,该方法包括使气体流和活性材料在一组工艺条件下接触,该活性材料包含:
(a)一种或更多种第一金属,其各自在工艺条件下以金属状态存在,该一种或更多种第一金属选自由铁、钴、镍、铜、钌、铑、钯、银、锇、铱、铂和金组成的组;和
(b)一种或更多种第二金属,其各自在工艺条件下以金属氧化物和/或金属氢氧化物状态存在;该一种或更多种第二金属选自由碱金属、碱土金属、钪、钇、钛、锆、铪、钒、铌、钽、铬、钼、钨、锰、锝和铼组成的组。
在另一方面,本公开内容提供用于本公开内容的方法中的活性材料。此类活性材料包含:
(a)一种或更多种第一金属,该一种或更多种第一金属选自由铁、钴、镍、铜、钌、铑、钯、银、锇、铱、铂和金组成的组;和
(b)一种或更多种第二金属,该一种或更多种第二金属选自由碱金属、碱土金属、钪、钇、钛、锆、铪、钒、铌、钽、铬、钼、钨、锰、锝和铼组成的组。
在某些实施方案中(例如,在期望的工艺条件的组中),一种或更多种第一金属各自以金属状态存在;且一种或更多种第二金属各自以金属氧化物和/或金属氢氧化物状态存在。
本发明具体的实施方案将从以下某些实施方案、实施例和权利要求的详细描述中变得明显。
发明详述
在描述公开的方法和材料之前,应该理解本文中描述的方面不限于具体的实施方案、装置或构造,并且因此当然可以改变。也应该理解本文使用的术语仅是为了描述具体的方面的目的并且,除非本文特别地限定,否则不被意图是限制性的。
遍及该说明书,除非上下文另外需要,否则措词“包含(comprise)”和“包括(include)”和变型(例如,“包含(comprises)”、“包含(comprising)”、“包括(includes)”、“包括(including)”)将被理解为意味着包括陈述的组分、特征、元素或步骤,或组分、特征、元素或步骤的组,但不排除任何其他整数或步骤或整数或步骤的组。
如本说明书和所附的权利要求书中使用的,除非以其他方式在上下文中清楚地指出,否则单数形式“一(a)”、“一(an)”和“所述(the)”包括复数指示物。
范围在本文中可表达为从“约”一个特定值,和/或到“约”另一个特定值。当表达此类范围时,另一方面包括从该一个特定值和/或到其他特定值。类似地,当值通过使用先行词“约”被表达为近似值时,应理解为该特定值形成另一方面。还应理解为范围中的每个的端点二者都显著与其他端点相关,并且独立于其他端点。
如本文使用的术语“接触”包括至少一种物质和另一种物质的物理接触。
如本文使用的术语“卤化物”包括含有氟化物、氯化物、溴化物或碘化物的物质。感兴趣的卤化物可以是,例如,卤化氢、卤化铵或有机卤化物,或其组合。在某些实施方案中,感兴趣的卤化物是卤化氢,例如,氯化氢。在其他实施方案中,感兴趣的卤化物是有机卤化物,诸如,卤代烷(例如,氯代烷)。
如本文中使用的术语“足够的量”和“足够的时间”包括实现期望的结果例如溶解聚合物的一部分所需要的量和时间。
除非另有说明,否则本文中的所有百分比、比率和比例是按重量计的。除非特别地相反声明,组分的重量百分数(重量%,也为wt%)基于其中包含该组分的制剂或组合物的总重量(例如,基于活性材料的总量)。
除非另有说明,否则所有温度以摄氏度(℃)计。
鉴于本公开内容,本文描述的方法和活性材料可由本领域普通技术人员配置以满足期望的需求。通常,公开的方法、材料和装置为净化气体流提供若干未满足的优点。本文描述的方法可用于显著地减少气体流中卤化物的浓度,并且在某些实施方案中,可用于从气体流中大体上除去所有的卤化物。例如,在某些方面,该方法减少以低至百万分率(ppm)或甚至低至十亿分率(ppb)的量存在的卤化物的浓度。此外,该方法、材料和装置可以适合与气体流一起使用,无论气体流是否含有蒸气。
本发明的一个实施方案是活性材料,所述活性材料包含:
(a)一种或更多种第一金属,所述一种或更多种第一金属选自由铁、钴、镍、铜、钌、铑、钯、银、锇、铱、铂和金组成的组;和
(b)一种或更多种第二金属,所述一种或更多种第二金属选自由碱金属、碱土金属、钪、钇、钛、锆、铪、钒、铌、钽、铬、钼、钨、锰、锝和铼组成的组。
一种或更多种第一金属和一种或更多种第二金属可以在大气条件下呈任何氧化态;如下文所描述,可以选择它们以在一组期望的工艺条件下呈某些特定的氧化态。
本发明的另一个实施方案是用于从气体流中减少卤化物的浓度的方法,该方法包括使气体流与如本文中描述的活性材料在一组工艺条件下接触,在该工艺条件下,一种或更多种第一金属各自以金属状态存在,且一种或更多种第二金属各自以金属氧化物和/或金属氢氧化物状态存在。
如上文所描述,一种或更多种第一金属各自在工艺条件下以金属状态存在。也就是说,在工艺条件下(例如,温度、压力、氧气含量、水含量、氢气含量、烃含量、一氧化碳含量、二氧化碳含量等),一种或更多种第一金属大体上呈被完全还原的氧化态。例如,在某些实施方案中,一种或更多种第一金属的原子中的至少约80%、至少约90%、至少约95%,或甚至至少约99%呈被完全还原的氧化态。一种或更多种第一金属可以例如作为一种或更多种离散的大体上金属相存在于活性材料中。
如上文所描述,一种或更多种第二金属各自在工艺条件下以金属氧化物和/或金属氢氧化物状态存在。也就是说,在工艺条件下(例如,温度、压力、氧气含量、水含量、氢气含量、烃含量、一氧化碳含量、二氧化碳含量等),一种或更多种第二金属大体上呈被氧化的氧化态,以氧化物或氢氧化物材料的形式与氧原子结合。例如,在某些实施方案中,一种或更多种第二金属的原子中的至少约80%、至少约90%、至少约95%、或甚至至少约99%呈被氧化的氧化态。一种或更多种第二金属可以例如作为一种或更多种离散的大体上氧化物和/或氢氧化物相存在于活性材料中。
值得注意地,本文公开的活性材料包含呈金属状态的金属物质和呈氧化物和/或氢氧化物状态的金属物质。不受限于特定的理论,据信,气相卤化物在金属表面上吸附并分解为卤素原子(例如,氯原子)。卤素原子迁移到金属氧化物和/或金属氢氧化物表面以被捕获为金属卤化物。
公开的方法和活性材料可被用于净化具有广泛种类的卤化物的气体流。如上所述,在一个特定的实施方案中,气体流中的卤化物是氯化氢。这些方法和活性材料也可用于净化具有广泛种类的卤化物水平的气体流。例如,在本文描述的方法的某些实施方案中,气体流含有从约0.001到约1000ppm的卤化物。在某些实施方案中,气体流含有约0.01到约0.1ppm、或约0.01到约100ppm、或约0.001ppm到约10ppm、或约0.01到约10ppm、或约0.1到约0.5ppm、或约0.1到约1ppm、或约0.1到约10ppm、或约1到约100ppm的卤化物。在其他实施方案中,气体流含有约0.3到约0.4ppm的卤化物。
除了卤化物(诸如氯化氢),公开的方法和活性材料还可以在从气体流中除去其他污染物中是有效的。例如,在某些实施方案中,公开的方法和活性材料可以另外地从气体流中除去一种或更多种含硫化合物(例如,COS、H2S)。公开的方法和活性材料还可以从不含卤化物的气体流中除去含硫化合物。在其他实施方案中,公开的方法和活性材料可以另外地从气体流中除去金属粉尘。在还其他实施方案中,气体流可以不含卤化物。
本公开内容的实施方案提供如本文描述的方法或活性材料,其中一种或更多种第一金属选自由铁、钴、镍、铜、钯和银组成的组。例如,在某些实施方案中,一种或更多种第一金属是铜、银或金。在另一个实施方案中,一种或更多种第一金属是铜或银。
在如本文描述的方法和活性材料的某些实施方案中,一种或更多种第二金属选自由碱金属(例如,Li、Na、K或Rb;或Li、Na或K)、碱土金属(例如,Be、Mg、Ca、Sr或Ba;或Mg、Ca、Sr或Ba)、钒、铌、钽、铬、钼、钨、锰、锝和铼组成的组。例如,在一个实施方案中,一种或更多种第二金属选自碱金属(例如,Li、Na、K或Rb;或Li、Na或K)和碱土金属(例如,Be、Mg、Ca、Sr或Ba;或Mg、Ca、Sr或Ba)。在某些特定的实施方案中,一种或更多种第二金属是铷、铯、锶或钡。在其他特定的实施方案中,一种或更多种第二金属是铯或钡。在还其他特定的实施方案中,一种或更多种第二金属是钒、铌、铬、钼、锰或锝。在某些实施方案中,一种或更多种第二金属是钒、铬或锰。
以金属状态存在的金属与以金属氧化物和/或金属氢氧化物状态存在的金属的比率可以对于活性材料的性能是重要的。因此,在如本文描述的活性材料和方法的某些实施方案中,一种或更多种第一金属与一种或更多种第二金属的比率(即,按重量计,按氧化物计算)在约1:7到约7:1的范围内。在多个实施方案中,一种或更多种第一金属与一种或更多种第二金属的比率在约1:5到约5:1的范围内、或约1:4到约4:1的范围内、或约1:3到约3:1的范围内、或约1:2到约2:1的范围内、或是约1:1、或约1:2、或约1:3、或约1:4、或约1:5、或约1:6、或约1:7、或约2:1、或约3:1、或约4:1、或约5:1、或约6:1、或约7:1。在一个特定的实施方案中,一种或更多种第一金属与一种或更多种第二金属的比率在约1:4到约4:1的范围内。在某些实施方案中,一种或更多种第一金属与一种或更多种第二金属的比率在约1:2到约2:1的范围内。
此外,一种或更多种第一金属和一种或更多种第二金属的量可以对于活性材料的性能是重要的。因此,在如本文描述的活性材料和方法的某些实施方案中,一种或更多种第一金属和一种或更多种第二金属的总重量(按氧化物计算)是活性材料的约5重量%到约100重量%。例如,在多个实施方案中,一种或更多种第一金属和一种或更多种第二金属(按氧化物计算)的总重量是活性材料的约5到约95重量%、或约5到约90重量%、或约10到约100重量%、或约10到约95重量%、或约10到约90重量%、或约15到约100重量%、或约15到约95重量%、或约15到约90重量%、或约20到约100重量%、或约20到约95重量%、或约20到约90重量%、或约30到约100重量%、或约30到约95重量%、或约30到约90重量%、或约30到约80重量%、或约30到约70重量%、或约30到约60重量%、或约30到约50重量%、或约50到约70重量%、或约50到约80重量%、或约50到约90重量%、或约30到约100重量%、或约50到约100重量%、或约60到约100重量%。在一个特定实施方案中,一种或更多种第一金属和一种或更多种第二金属的总重量(按氧化物计算)是活性材料的约30到约90重量%。如本领域普通技术人员将理解,活性材料可以包含其他成分,诸如本领域中常规的那些。
如对于本领域普通技术人员会是显而易见的,活性材料还可以包含一种或更多种载体或粘合剂。例如,在本文描述的方法和活性材料的某些实施方案中,活性材料还包含选自由氧化锌、氧化铝、二氧化硅、氧化钛、粘土、沸石、碳、水泥或其组合组成的组的载体或粘合剂。在其他实施方案中,载体或粘合剂可以选自由氧化锌、氧化铝、二氧化硅、氧化钛、氧化镁(例如,当镁不是第二金属时)、氧化锰(例如,当锰不是第二金属时)、氧化锆(例如,当锆不是第二金属时)、粘土、沸石、碳、水泥或其组合组成的组。例如,在一个实施方案中,载体或粘合剂是氧化铝。在另一个实施方案中,载体或粘合剂是二氧化硅。在另一个实施方案中,载体或粘合剂是氧化锌。载体或粘合剂可以以例如在活性材料的总重量的从约0.5到约95重量%范围内的总量提供。在本文描述的方法和活性材料的多个实施方案中,一种或更多种载体或粘合剂以例如在活性材料的总重量的约0.5到约80重量%、或约0.5到约30重量%、或约10到约95重量%、或约5到约70重量%、或约10到约70重量%、或约5到约60重量%、或约10到约60重量%、或约5到约50重量%、或约10到约50重量%、或约1到约50重量%、或约15到约50重量%、或约25到约50重量%的总量提供。当然,在其他实施方案中,活性材料可以以无支持形式使用,例如,当一种或更多种第一金属和一种或更多种第二金属的组合为活性材料提供期望的物理性质时。例如,第一金属和/或第二金属中的一种或更多种自身可充当用于其他组分的载体或粘合剂。
活性材料可以以任何合适的形式提供。例如,活性材料可以形成为球体、小球(pellet)、圆柱体(中空或其他)、对称或非对称的三-四叶体(tri-quadrulobe)或其他形状/介质(medium),例如,使用挤压法。活性材料可以具有任何合适的孔体积,诸如约0.1到约1.5cm3/g、或约0.5到约1.5cm3/g、约1到约1.5cm3/g、或约0.1到约1cm3/g、或约0.1到约0.5cm3/g、或约0.1cm3/g、或约0.5cm3/g、或约1cm3/g、或约1.5cm3/g。在特定的实施方案中,活性材料具有约0.2到约1.2cm3/g的孔体积。在其他特定的实施方案中,活性材料具有约0.3到约0.9cm3/g的孔体积。
活性材料的表面积可以是从约10到约400m2/g。其他合适的表面积可以是从约10到约400m2/g、或约50到约400m2/g、或约100到约400m2/g、或约200到约400m2/g、或约300到约400m2/g、或约10到约300m2/g、或约50到约300m2/g、或约100到约300m2/g、或约200到约300m2/g、或约10到约200m2/g、或约50到约200m2/g、或约100到约200m2/g。在一个实施方案中,活性材料具有约20到约300m2/g的表面积。在另一个实施方案中,活性材料具有约30到约200m2/g的表面积。
如会被本领域普通技术人员理解的,活性材料可以通过常规程序制备。例如,在一个实施方案中,活性材料通过沉淀制成。因此,在一个实施方案中,活性材料通过用沉淀剂使一种或更多种水溶性原材料沉淀来制成。每种原材料可以是水溶性金属材料,诸如但不限于金属硝酸盐、金属硫酸盐、金属卤化物或金属乙酸盐;某些原材料可以具有呈阴离子的金属物质(例如,钼酸盐、锰酸盐、铬酸盐、钨酸盐、钒酸盐)。在某些实施方案中,原材料是硝酸铜、硝酸锰或铜氨合物(copperammine)。沉淀剂可以是,例如,氢氧化铵、碳酸铵、金属氢氧化物或金属碳酸盐。在某些实施方案中,沉淀剂是Na2CO3。本领域普通技术人员可以选择其他合适的沉淀剂。本领域普通技术人员还将理解,取决于使用的特定金属和期望的活性材料性质,可以在有或没有粘合剂的情况下形成这些材料。
在另外的实施方案中,活性材料通过用一种或更多种原材料润湿载体材料(或包含第一金属和/或第二金属中的一种或更多种的材料)来制成。每种原材料可以是水溶性金属材料,诸如但不限于,金属硝酸盐、金属硫酸盐、金属卤化物、金属胺或金属乙酸盐;某些原材料可以具有呈阴离子的金属物质(例如,钼酸盐、锰酸盐、铬酸盐、钨酸盐、钒酸盐)。在某些实施方案中,原材料是硝酸铜、硝酸锰、硝酸银或钼酸铵。
沉淀或浸渍的材料可以被干燥以提供活性材料。在某些实施方案中,沉淀或浸渍的材料还被煅烧。煅烧可以在任何适当的阶段进行,例如,在活性材料形成为期望的形状之前或之后。
用于制成活性材料的某些特定的方法在以下实施例中被描述;本领域普通技术人员可调整用于制成本文一般性描述的活性材料的这些方法,且可使用本领域已知的其他方法制成本文一般性描述的活性材料。
本文描述的方法和活性材料可以用于减少在广泛多种工艺中的气体流中的卤化物浓度。例如,在某些实施方案中,方法和活性材料可在诸如重整、高温变换、费-托催化、以及特别是铜基低温变换的工艺之前使用以保护下游催化剂的中毒。
本文描述的方法和活性材料可在广泛多种工艺条件下使用(例如,温度、压力、氧气含量、水含量)。例如,在本文描述的方法的某些实施方案中,工艺条件包括在约100kPa到约10MPa范围内的工艺压力。在一个特定的实施方案中,工艺条件包括约120kPa到约5MPa的压力。在另一个特定的实施方案中,工艺条件包括约120kPa的压力。
在本文描述的方法的某些实施方案中,工艺条件包括在约100到约500℃范围内的工艺温度。其他合适的温度包括但不限于约100到约300℃、或约150到约250℃、或约150到约200℃、或约200到约300℃、或约200到约250℃的范围、或约100℃、或约150℃、或约200℃、或约250℃、或约300℃。
实施例
以下实施例被提出以例证本发明的实施方案,并且不被意图对其范围构成限制,其范围在所附的权利要求中被界定。
比较实施例1
参考载体材料是制备的具有0.71cm3/g的孔体积(PV)和200m2/g的表面积(SA)的挤压氧化铝(CS-1)。
比较实施例2
将约25cm3的载体(CS-1)浸泡在60cm3的Cu(NO3)2溶液(15.5%Cu)中持续30分钟。将被浸泡的挤压物在110℃下干燥过夜,然后在350℃下煅烧持续3小时。该活性材料具有在挤压物上的24.6%CuO(CS-2)。
比较实施例3
如比较实施例2中一般性描述,使用50%Mn(NO3)2溶液代替Cu(NO3)2溶液制备活性材料。该活性材料具有在挤压物上的20.7%MnO2(CS-3)。
比较实施例4
如比较实施例2中一般性描述,使用15.5%AgNO3溶液代替Cu(NO3)2溶液制备活性材料。该活性材料具有在挤压物上的11.8%AgO(CS-4)。
比较实施例5
如比较实施例2中一般性描述,使用作为钼酸铵溶液的15.5wt%Mo代替Cu(NO3)2溶液制备活性材料。该活性材料具有在挤压物上的16.7%MoO3(CS-5)。
实施例1
如实施例2中一般性描述,使用具有作为金属的3wt%的Cu+12wt%的Mn的100cm3Cu(NO3)2和Mn(NO3)2溶液制备活性材料。该活性材料具有在挤压物上的8.0%CuO和24.8%MnO2(S-1)。
实施例2
如实施例1中一般性描述,使用具有作为金属的5wt%的Cu+10wt%的Mn的60cm3Cu(NO3)2和Mn(NO3)2溶液制备活性材料。该活性材料具有在挤压物上的10.6%CuO和16.3%MnO2(S-2)。
实施例3
如实施例1中一般性描述,使用具有作为金属的8wt%的Cu+8wt%的Mn的50cm3Cu(NO3)2和Mn(NO3)2溶液制备活性材料。该活性材料具有在挤压物上的13.1%CuO和12.2%MnO2(S-3),具有0.45cm3/g的PV和168m2/g的SA。
实施例4
如实施例1中一般性描述,使用具有作为金属的10%Cu+5%Mn的60cm3Cu(NO3)2和Mn(NO3)2溶液制备活性材料。该材料具有在挤压物上的17.2%CuO和8.1%MnO2(S-4)。
实施例5
除了使用30cm350%Mn(NO3)2溶液和15.5%AgNO3溶液之外,如实施例1中一般性描述的制备材料。该材料具有在挤压物上的14.6%MnO2和5.1%AgO(S-5)。
实施例6
除了使用30cm315.5%CuNO3溶液和15.5%Mo钼酸铵溶液之外,如实施例1中一般性描述的制备材料。该材料具有在挤压物上的17.4%CuO和5.2%MoO3(S-6)。
实施例7
通过将Cu(NO3)2、Mn(NO3)2和Al(NO3)3与Na2CO3共沉淀制备具有56%CuO、10%MnO2和34%Al2O3的活性材料(S-7)。洗涤沉淀物,随后干燥和煅烧。通过压制将煅烧的粉末形成料片,该料片具有0.2cm3/g的PV和44m2/g的SA。
实施例8
除了使用不同浓度的Mn(NO3)2之外,如实施例7中一般性描述的制备材料(S-8)。该材料具有62%CuO、0.5%MnO2和38%Al2O3。
实施例9
通过用Na2CO3使铜胺、锌胺和Al(OH)3沉淀来制备具有44%CuO、44%ZnO和13%Al2O3的材料(S-9)。洗涤沉淀物,随后干燥和煅烧。通过压制将煅烧的粉末形成料片。
实施例10
通过将Cs2CO3化合物浸渍到通过如上文一般性描述的沉淀制成的铜/锌/铝氧化物上,制备具有57%CuO、30%ZnO、1%Cs2O和12%Al2O3的材料(S-10)。将粉末压制为料片。
实施例11
通过沉淀制备具有22%CuO、50%ZnO、12%Cr2O3和15%Al2O3的材料(S-11)。洗涤沉淀物,随后干燥和煅烧。通过压制将煅烧的粉末形成为料片,该料片具有0.28cm3/g的PV和74m2/g的SA。
实施例12
除了使用不同的溶液浓度之外,如实施例7中一般性描述的制备材料(S-12)。终产物具有23%CuO、36%ZnO和41%Cr2O3。
实施例13
通过沉淀制备具有38%CuO、43%ZnO、9%BaO和10%Al2O3的材料(S-13)。洗涤沉淀物,随后干燥和煅烧。通过压制将煅烧的粉末形成为料片,该料片具有0.2cm3/g的PV和53m2/g的SA。
实施例14
通过沉淀制备具有19%CuO、69%MnO2、2.5%K2O、1.5%Al2O3和8%SiO2的材料(S-14)。洗涤沉淀物,随后干燥和煅烧。通过压制将煅烧的粉末形成为料片,该料片具有0.53cm3/g的PV和210m2/g的SA。
实施例15-氯化物的除去
在具有玻璃反应器的固定床系统中进行卤素除去测试。将10cm3的形成的颗粒装载到反应器中。在进行卤素除去测试之前在220℃下用3%H2/N2流处理活性材料持续12小时。在120kPa和220℃下用在33.5%H2/33.5%N2/33%H2O中的330ppbHCl(V)进行卤素除去测试1。用冷却装置冷凝出口流。采用离子色谱法(IC)定期分析冷凝中的氯化氢。在流上127小时之后,卸载用完的样品且对采集的氯化物的含量进行分析。结果总结在表1中。
表1.来自实施例15的活性材料的氯化物吸收
与仅包含第一金属或第二金属(或在CS-1的情况下两者都没有)的活性材料相比,如本文中描述的包含第一金属和第二金属两者的活性材料有较好的氯吸收。
实施例16-氯化物的除去
在120kPa和200℃下,用在58%H2/2%CO/6%CO2/1%N2/33%H2O中的在用于铜基低温变换催化剂的模拟合成气组合物中的3ppmHCl(V)进行第二卤素除去测试。在进行卤素除去测试之前在200℃下用3%H2/N2流处理活性材料持续12小时。结果总结在表2中,并证明本文描述的活性材料可在不同的气体组成下起作用,并因此可用于在水煤气变换催化剂床之前的合成气净化以防止铜基水煤气变换催化剂中毒。
表2.来自实施例16的活性材料的氯化物吸附
实施例17-氯化物的除去
在120kPa和220℃下,用在33.5%H2/33.5%N2/33%H2O中的3ppmHCl(v)或35ppm(v)进行第三卤素除去测试。在进行卤素除去测试之前在220℃下用3%H2/N2流处理活性材料持续12小时。结果总结在表3中,并且证明本文描述的活性材料可在较高氯化物浓度下用于氯化物除去。
表3.来自实施例17的活性材料的氯化物吸收
应理解本文描述的实施例和实施方案仅是为了说明的目的。除非通过上下文被清楚地排除,否则公开的用于本发明一方面的所有实施方案可以以任何合适的组合与公开的用于本发明的其他方面的实施方案组合。对于本领域技术人员将是明显的是,可以对本发明做出多种修改和变型而不脱离本发明的范围。因此,意图的是本发明覆盖本发明的修改和变型,条件是这些修改和变型落在所附权利要求及其等效物的范围内。本文中引用的所有出版物、专利和专利申请在此通过引用并入本文以用于任何目的。
Claims (15)
1.一种活性材料,包含:
(a)一种或更多种第一金属,所述第一金属选自由铁、钴、镍、铜、钌、铑、钯、银、锇、铱、铂和金组成的组;和
(b)一种或更多种第二金属,所述一种或更多种第二金属选自由碱金属、碱土金属、钪、钇、钛、锆、铪、钒、铌、钽、铬、钼、钨、锰、锝、和铼组成的组。
2.根据权利要求1所述的活性材料,其中所述一种或更多种第一金属是铜、银或金。
3.根据权利要求1所述的活性材料,其中所述一种或更多种第二金属是铯、钡、钒、铬或锰。
4.根据权利要求1所述的活性材料,所述一种或更多种第一金属和所述一种或更多种第二金属(按氧化物计算)的总重量是所述活性材料的约30到约95重量%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的活性材料,其中所述活性材料还包含一种或更多种载体或粘合剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的活性材料,其中所述一种或更多种粘合剂或载体是氧化锌、氧化铝、二氧化硅、氧化镁、氧化锰、氧化锆、氧化钛、粘土、沸石、碳、水泥或其组合。
7.根据权利要求1所述的活性材料,其中所述一种或更多种第一金属与所述一种或更多种第二金属的比率在约1:7到约7:1的范围内。
8.根据权利要求1所述的活性材料,其中所述活性材料形成为挤压物、球体、小球、圆柱体或三-四叶体。
9.根据权利要求1所述的活性材料,其中所述活性材料具有约0.1到约1.5cm3/g的孔体积。
10.根据权利要求1所述的活性材料,其中所述活性材料具有约10到约400m2/g的表面积。
11.根据权利要求1所述的活性材料,其中所述一种或更多种第一金属各自以金属状态存在,且其中所述一种或更多种第二金属各自以金属氧化物和/或金属氢氧化物状态存在。
12.一种用于减少气体流中卤化物浓度的方法,所述方法包括使所述气体流和根据权利要求1所述的活性材料在一组工艺条件下接触,其中:
(a)所述一种或更多种第一金属在所述工艺条件下各自以金属状态存在;和
(b)所述一种或更多种第二金属在所述工艺条件下各自以金属氧化物和/或金属氢氧化物状态存在。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述工艺条件包括在约100kPa到约10MPa范围内的工艺压力。
14.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述工艺条件包括在约100℃到约500℃范围内的工艺温度。
15.根据权利要求12所述的方法,还包括在使所述气体流与所述活性材料接触后,使所述气体流经受选自重整、高温变换、费-托催化和铜基低温变换的工艺。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/917,029 | 2013-06-13 | ||
US13/917,029 US9440218B2 (en) | 2013-06-13 | 2013-06-13 | Methods and active materials for reducing halide concentration in gas streams |
PCT/US2014/038538 WO2014200666A2 (en) | 2013-06-13 | 2014-05-19 | Methods and active materials for reducing halide concentration in gas streams |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN105307755A true CN105307755A (zh) | 2016-02-03 |
Family
ID=50942925
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201480032054.4A Pending CN105307755A (zh) | 2013-06-13 | 2014-05-19 | 用于减少气体流中的卤化物浓度的方法和活性材料 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9440218B2 (zh) |
EP (2) | EP3305393B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN105307755A (zh) |
DK (1) | DK3007806T3 (zh) |
PL (1) | PL3007806T3 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2662540C2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2014200666A2 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2760125C1 (ru) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-11-22 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Юнайтед Кэталист Текнолоджис" | Способ очистки углеводородных газов от N2O |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1030192A (zh) * | 1987-06-23 | 1989-01-11 | 邱勤雄 | 从气体中提取气化物的方法和装置 |
EP0673669A2 (en) * | 1994-03-24 | 1995-09-27 | Japan Pionics Co., Ltd. | Cleaning agent of harmful gas and cleaning method |
EP0771579A1 (en) * | 1995-10-30 | 1997-05-07 | Central Glass Company, Limited | Method for decomposing halide-containing gas |
EP0860183A2 (en) * | 1997-02-24 | 1998-08-26 | Kabushiki Kaisha Meidensha | Noxious component removal process and noxious component removal agent therefor |
WO1999053118A1 (en) * | 1998-04-15 | 1999-10-21 | Advanced Technology Materials, Inc. | Integrated ion implant scrubber system |
EP1205230A1 (en) * | 2000-11-10 | 2002-05-15 | Asahi Glass Co., Ltd. | Method for removing a halogen-containing gas |
CN1795980A (zh) * | 2004-12-28 | 2006-07-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种氯化氢吸附剂及制备方法 |
US20070006730A1 (en) * | 2005-07-06 | 2007-01-11 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Cleaning composition for treating an acid gas and method for making the same |
US20110040136A1 (en) * | 2008-04-25 | 2011-02-17 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Elimination of chlorine compounds from hydrocarbon cuts |
Family Cites Families (28)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1131631A (en) | 1965-01-05 | 1968-10-23 | Ici Ltd | Catalysts of high activity at low temperature |
US3922337A (en) | 1970-07-22 | 1975-11-25 | Ici Ltd | Hydrogen |
US3682585A (en) * | 1971-02-24 | 1972-08-08 | Dow Chemical Co | Removal of paramagnetic gases |
US4022869A (en) | 1974-11-15 | 1977-05-10 | Kureha Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for removing hydrogen chloride from exhaust gas containing same |
US3983216A (en) | 1975-06-03 | 1976-09-28 | Tenneco Chemicals, Inc. | Process for the removal of vinyl chloride from gas streams |
US4045538A (en) * | 1975-11-28 | 1977-08-30 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Catalytic oxidation of vinyl chloride |
US4173549A (en) * | 1978-09-22 | 1979-11-06 | Dart Industries Inc. | Catalyst composition for decomposing ozone |
DE3840194A1 (de) * | 1988-11-29 | 1990-05-31 | Bayer Ag | Kupfer-traegerkatalysator, verfahren zu seiner herstellung und verfahren zur herstellung von n-alkylierten aromatischen aminen unter einsatz dieses kupfer-katalysators |
US5401872A (en) | 1994-03-07 | 1995-03-28 | Hemlock Semiconductor | Treatment of vent gas to remove hydrogen chloride |
DE4429644A1 (de) * | 1994-08-20 | 1996-02-22 | Sued Chemie Ag | Iodadsorptionsmittel |
US5578283A (en) | 1994-12-30 | 1996-11-26 | Engelhard Corporation | Catalytic oxidation catalyst and method for controlling VOC, CO and halogenated organic emissions |
JP3716030B2 (ja) * | 1996-02-29 | 2005-11-16 | 日本パイオニクス株式会社 | 有害ガスの浄化方法 |
US5864047A (en) * | 1997-04-10 | 1999-01-26 | Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. | Propylene oxide process using alkaline earth metal compound-supported silver catalysts containing rhenium and potassium promoters |
US6106790A (en) | 1997-08-18 | 2000-08-22 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Abatement of NF3 using small particle fluidized bed |
TW581708B (en) * | 1998-09-22 | 2004-04-01 | Japan Pionics | Cleaning agent and cleaning method for halogen-containing exhaust gas |
ATE258821T1 (de) * | 2000-08-16 | 2004-02-15 | Umicore Ag & Co Kg | Abgasreinigungskatalysator für motornahen einsatz und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
US6558642B2 (en) * | 2001-03-29 | 2003-05-06 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Method of adsorbing metals and organic compounds from vaporous streams |
US6824589B2 (en) * | 2001-10-31 | 2004-11-30 | Matheson Tri-Gas | Materials and methods for the purification of inert, nonreactive, and reactive gases |
KR100533877B1 (ko) * | 2003-05-03 | 2005-12-29 | 동양종합건설 주식회사 | 다이옥신을 포함한 방향족할로겐화합물, 일산화탄소 및질소산화물을 제거하는 촉매 및 이의 용도 |
CN1325146C (zh) * | 2005-06-28 | 2007-07-11 | 上海电力学院 | 脱氯剂及其制备方法 |
US20080207953A1 (en) * | 2005-07-13 | 2008-08-28 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Catalyst and Method for Hyrogenating Carbonyl Compounds |
GB0619396D0 (en) * | 2006-10-02 | 2006-11-08 | M I Drilling Fluids Uk Ltd | Porous articles |
US7767000B1 (en) | 2007-03-29 | 2010-08-03 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Regenerable hydrogen chloride removal sorbent and regenerable multi-functional hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen chloride removal sorbent for high temperature gas streams |
WO2008137463A2 (en) * | 2007-05-01 | 2008-11-13 | Auburn University | Doped supported zinc oxide sorbents for desulfurization applications |
EP2155375B1 (en) * | 2007-05-18 | 2019-05-01 | Shell International Research Maatschappij B.V. | A reactor system, an absorbent and a process for reacting a feed |
EP2188039A1 (en) | 2007-09-04 | 2010-05-26 | MEMC Electronic Materials, Inc. | Method for treatment of a gas stream containing silicon tetrafluoride and hydrogen chloride |
KR101635652B1 (ko) * | 2008-05-15 | 2016-07-01 | 셀 인터나쵸나아레 레사아치 마아츠샤피 비이부이 | 알킬렌 카보네이트 및/또는 알킬렌 글리콜의 제조방법 |
BRPI0919624A2 (pt) | 2008-10-22 | 2015-12-01 | Southern Res Inst | processo de descontaminação de gás de síntese. |
-
2013
- 2013-06-13 US US13/917,029 patent/US9440218B2/en active Active
-
2014
- 2014-05-19 WO PCT/US2014/038538 patent/WO2014200666A2/en active Application Filing
- 2014-05-19 PL PL14730388T patent/PL3007806T3/pl unknown
- 2014-05-19 EP EP17202974.6A patent/EP3305393B1/en active Active
- 2014-05-19 RU RU2016100371A patent/RU2662540C2/ru active
- 2014-05-19 CN CN201480032054.4A patent/CN105307755A/zh active Pending
- 2014-05-19 EP EP14730388.7A patent/EP3007806B1/en not_active Revoked
- 2014-05-19 DK DK14730388.7T patent/DK3007806T3/en active
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1030192A (zh) * | 1987-06-23 | 1989-01-11 | 邱勤雄 | 从气体中提取气化物的方法和装置 |
EP0673669A2 (en) * | 1994-03-24 | 1995-09-27 | Japan Pionics Co., Ltd. | Cleaning agent of harmful gas and cleaning method |
EP0771579A1 (en) * | 1995-10-30 | 1997-05-07 | Central Glass Company, Limited | Method for decomposing halide-containing gas |
EP0860183A2 (en) * | 1997-02-24 | 1998-08-26 | Kabushiki Kaisha Meidensha | Noxious component removal process and noxious component removal agent therefor |
WO1999053118A1 (en) * | 1998-04-15 | 1999-10-21 | Advanced Technology Materials, Inc. | Integrated ion implant scrubber system |
EP1205230A1 (en) * | 2000-11-10 | 2002-05-15 | Asahi Glass Co., Ltd. | Method for removing a halogen-containing gas |
CN1795980A (zh) * | 2004-12-28 | 2006-07-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种氯化氢吸附剂及制备方法 |
US20070006730A1 (en) * | 2005-07-06 | 2007-01-11 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Cleaning composition for treating an acid gas and method for making the same |
US20110040136A1 (en) * | 2008-04-25 | 2011-02-17 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Elimination of chlorine compounds from hydrocarbon cuts |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2014200666A3 (en) | 2015-01-29 |
RU2016100371A (ru) | 2017-07-18 |
DK3007806T3 (en) | 2018-11-05 |
US9440218B2 (en) | 2016-09-13 |
EP3007806B1 (en) | 2018-10-03 |
EP3305393A2 (en) | 2018-04-11 |
PL3007806T3 (pl) | 2019-05-31 |
RU2662540C2 (ru) | 2018-07-26 |
US20140370289A1 (en) | 2014-12-18 |
EP3305393A3 (en) | 2018-07-18 |
EP3305393B1 (en) | 2020-07-15 |
WO2014200666A2 (en) | 2014-12-18 |
EP3007806A2 (en) | 2016-04-20 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN101472665B (zh) | 吸附组合物和从料流中除去co的方法 | |
CA2320035C (en) | Copper-containing materials | |
JP6293671B2 (ja) | 水銀除去用の組成物及び方法 | |
EP2092979B1 (en) | Mercury adsorbent, process for production thereof and method of adsorptive removal of mercury | |
US5840649A (en) | NOx adsorbents | |
JP5619788B2 (ja) | 物質流からcoを除去するための吸着体及びその除去方法 | |
RU2006133316A (ru) | Состав на основе золота и восстанавливаемого оксида, способ получения и применение в качестве катализатора, в частности, при окислении моноксида углерода | |
JP5553484B2 (ja) | アンモニア分解触媒及びアンモニア分解方法 | |
JP2009541025A (ja) | 吸収組成物及び水銀の除去方法 | |
US8690991B2 (en) | Supported silver sulfide sorbent | |
CN105307755A (zh) | 用于减少气体流中的卤化物浓度的方法和活性材料 | |
CN1121269C (zh) | 含铜催化剂床上游防止其被氯和硫污染物污染的含铅化合物保护床 | |
CN101829472B (zh) | 一种脱除烟气中硫、氮氧化物的方法 | |
JP5883872B2 (ja) | 銅と亜鉛とジルコニウムの酸化物を含む吸着組成物の再生方法 | |
JP2010194420A (ja) | 銅系触媒およびその前処理方法 | |
JP2012223769A (ja) | アンモニア分解触媒の製造方法 | |
CN110357836B (zh) | 一种环氧乙烷生产方法 | |
KR20220131549A (ko) | Co2 및 o2 제거제 | |
CN106311133A (zh) | 固体净化剂及其制备方法 | |
CN114425336A (zh) | 一种乙烯氧化生产环氧乙烷用银催化剂及其制备方法和应用 | |
CN115678614A (zh) | 一种炼厂气脱硫方法 | |
MXPA00008079A (en) | Copper-containing materials |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20160203 |