CN105295030B - 包含由非晶形聚酰胺构成的基体材料的复合材料及其用途 - Google Patents
包含由非晶形聚酰胺构成的基体材料的复合材料及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105295030B CN105295030B CN201510344678.6A CN201510344678A CN105295030B CN 105295030 B CN105295030 B CN 105295030B CN 201510344678 A CN201510344678 A CN 201510344678A CN 105295030 B CN105295030 B CN 105295030B
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Classifications
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/02—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
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- C08G69/265—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids from at least two different diamines or at least two different dicarboxylic acids
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- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/024—Woven fabric
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/02—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
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Abstract
本发明涉及包含由具有至少180℃的玻璃化转变温度的非晶形聚酰胺构成的基体材料的复合材料。根据本发明的复合材料用于在运动、休闲、工程工业、电子、建筑、医疗技术、通信和交通工具、以及航空航天工程领域中制造增强部件。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及包含由具有至少180℃的玻璃化转变温度的非晶形聚酰胺构成的基体材料的复合材料。根据本发明的复合材料用于运动、休闲、工程工业、电子、建筑、医疗技术、通信和交通工具、以及航空航天工程领域中制造增强部件。
背景技术
由纤维-树脂复合材料制造的具有高强度-重量比的材料被用于其中需要强度、抗腐蚀性和低重量的很多领域。因此,这种纤维-树脂复合材料能够被很好地用于例如航空用部件。同样地,这些复合材料特别适合运动设备的物品,例如网球拍或高尔夫球棒。
在这些复合材料中,增强元件以单向长丝、纤维网络、纤维织物或者纤维铺网(Faser-Gelegen)的形式存在。
长丝、网络、织物或铺网形式的纤维通常被固定或稳定,这起到简化操作的作用,并且通过温度或压力效应使得这些扁平结构的单个或多个的黏附成为可能。使经固定或胶合的单层或多层扁平结构稳定预形成来形成预制件同样可以通过温度和压力的影响来控制。然后将由此产生的和预处理的增强材料包埋在聚合物基体中。增强材料和聚合物之间的黏附力因此是特别重要的。
此外,现有技术已知其中省去纤维的额外固定或稳定并将纤维直接包埋在聚合物基体中的方法。
因此由EP0229731B1已知其中将长丝包埋在由非晶形聚酰胺构成的基体中的复合材料。由此使用部分芳香族聚酰胺。
由EP2479217A1已知其基体由具有环己基甲烷骨架的非晶形聚酰胺以及磺胺构成、纤维包埋在基体中的复合材料。
现有技术已知的体系实际上具有良好的机械性能,特别是良好的强度和刚性,然而它们经常具有关于热稳定性和吸水性的缺点。例如在汽车领域在CDC炉(阴极浸渍涂覆)中高的热稳定性和低的吸水性基本上是必需的。在于磷酸盐水浴中阴极浸渍涂覆的情况下,用用作腐蚀保护的涂料层涂覆汽车体。浸浴后,使该涂料层在CDC炉中在180℃-190℃的温度下硬化20分钟-30分钟。复合材料部件如耐受CDC炉的顶部具有以下优点:它们不需要像传统的部件那样只能在CDC过程之后被模块化地应用至汽车体。复合材料部件的水含量和由此的吸水性在CDC炉中起着至关重要的作用。由于在CDC炉中水分离开材料,所以可能导致不规则的涂层表面,因此具有低吸水性的材料是有利的。
发明内容
因此本发明的一个目的是提供消除现有技术的缺点并具有高耐热性、热稳定性、低吸水性且无结晶收缩同时还呈现出相同的或提高的机械性能的复合材料。
该目的通过具有权利要求1的特征的复合材料来实现。在权利要求15中示出根据本发明的用途。进一步的从属权利要求显示其有利的发展方案。
根据本发明,提供一种复合材料,其包含由具有至少180℃的玻璃化转变温度的非晶形聚酰胺构成的基体材料。非晶形聚酰胺因此由以下单体形成:
a)10摩尔%至50摩尔%的选自对苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸和萘二甲酸中的至少一种芳香族二羧酸,
b)0摩尔%至40摩尔%的至少一种脂肪族二羧酸,
c)0摩尔%至10摩尔%的至少一种二聚脂肪酸,
d)17摩尔%至50摩尔%的选自经烷基取代的双(4-氨基环己基)甲烷和经烷基取代的双(4-氨基环己基)丙烷的至少一种脂环族二胺,
e)0摩尔%至33摩尔%的与组分(d)不同的至少一种另外的二胺,和
f)0摩尔%至30摩尔%的至少一种内酰胺或0摩尔%至30摩尔%的α,ω-氨基酸,
全部单体的摩尔比例的总和合计为100摩尔%,并且所述至少一种内酰胺或α,ω-氨基酸以相对于全部二胺和全部二羧酸的摩尔比例的总和的最高30摩尔%的浓度被包含。
根据本发明的非晶形聚酰胺优选具有180℃至220℃、特别是190℃至210℃的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)。
根据本发明,组分(d)的脂环族二胺通常选自经烷基取代的双(4-氨基环己基)甲烷和经烷基取代的双(4-氨基环己基)丙烷。在本发明的意义中,经烷基取代的是指双(4-氨基环己基)甲烷和双(4-氨基环己基)丙烷每个环己基环、优选在3位和/或5位带有具有1至4个C原子的一个或两个烷基基团。优选甲基基团或乙基基团作为烷基基团。组分(d)的脂环族二胺因此特别优选选自双(4-氨基-3-甲基环己基)甲烷(MACM)、2,2-双(4-氨基-3-甲基环己基)丙烷、双(4-氨基-3-乙基环己基)甲烷(EACM)、双(4-氨基-3,5-二甲基环己基)甲烷(TMDC)。优选使用脂环族二胺MACM和TMDC。
相对于全部二羧酸总和,最高40摩尔%的组分(a)的芳香族二羧酸能够被组分(b)的脂肪族二羧酸替代。优选地,脂肪族二羧酸选自己二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、1,12-十二烷二酸、1,14-十四烷二酸、1,18-十八烷二酸、1,3-环己烷二羧酸和1,4-环己烷二羧酸及其组合,相对于非晶形聚酰胺,分别地优选具有0.1摩尔%至37摩尔%的比例和特别优选5摩尔%至35摩尔%的比例。
此外,组分(c)的脂肪族二羧酸优选选自具有36个C原子的二聚脂肪酸和具有44个C原子的二聚脂肪酸,相对于非晶形聚酰胺,分别地优选具有0摩尔%至7摩尔%的比例和特别优选0.1摩尔%至5摩尔%的比例。
根据本发明,内酰胺或α,ω-氨基酸的存在可以同样地用于非晶形聚酰胺的形成。内酰胺或α,ω-氨基酸因此优选选自ε-己内酰胺、月桂精内酰胺、1,6-氨基已酸和1,12-氨基十二烷酸,相对于非晶形聚酰胺的全部二胺和全部二羧酸的摩尔比例总和,分别地优选具有0摩尔%至25摩尔%的比例和特别优选0.1摩尔%至20摩尔%的比例。
在其中组分(d)的脂环族二胺的一部分被组分(e)的其他二胺替代的情况下,优选的是该至少一种二胺是与组分(d)不同的脂环族二胺或者是直链的或带支链的脂肪族二胺,相对于非晶形聚酰胺,分别地优选具有0摩尔%至25摩尔%的比例和特别优选0.1摩尔%至15摩尔%的比例。
优选的直链的或带支链的脂肪族二胺(e)选自丁二胺、甲基戊二胺、六亚甲基二胺、甲基辛二胺、壬二胺、癸二胺、十二烷二胺和三甲基六亚甲基二胺。
优选的脂环族二胺(e)是异弗尔酮二胺(5,氨基-1,3,3-三甲基环己烷甲胺)、1,3-环己二胺、1,3-甲基环己二胺、2,5-双(氨基甲基)降莰烷或2,6-双(氨基甲基)降莰烷、2,5-降莰烷二胺或2,6-降莰烷二胺、2,2-双(4-氨基环己基)甲烷、2,2-双(4-氨基环己基)丙烷。
非晶形聚酰胺优选选自PA MACMI/12、PA MACMT/12、PA6I/MACMI/12、PA 6T/MACMT/12、PA MACMI/MACMT/12、PA6I/6T/MACMI/MACMT、PA 6I/6T/MACMI/MACMT/12、PA6I/6T/MACMI/MACMT/MACM12、PA MACMI/MACMT/MACM12、PATMDC12/TMDCT/TMDC36、PA TMDC12/TMDCI/TMDC36、PATMDC12/TMDCI和PA TMDC12/TMDCT,优选选自PA MACMI/12、PA6I/6T/MACMI/MACMT、PA MACMI/MACMT/MACM12、PATMDC12/TMDCT/TMDC36和PA TMDC12/TMDCT。
根据本发明的非晶形聚酰胺具有根据ISO307测量的(100ml间甲酚中的0.5g)优选1.3至1.8、优选1.4至1.7和特别优选1.45至1.65的相对黏度。
关于末端基团浓度,根据本发明的非晶形聚酰胺优选具有10mmol/kg至150mmol/kg、特别是20mmol/kg至120mmol/kg的COOH末端基团浓度,以及10mmol/kg至150mmol/kg、特别是20mmol/kg至120mmol/kg的NH2末端基团浓度。优选地,氨基末端基团浓度大于羧基末端基团浓度。
根据本发明的非晶形聚酰胺优选具有根据ISO1133在275℃和5kg负载下测定的100帕·秒至5000帕·秒、特别是500帕·秒至3000帕·秒的熔融黏度。
优选的实施方案提供了包含以下材料的复合材料:至少一种含有纤维的材料,特别是单向长丝或选自织造织物、抓绒、针织物、钩编织物、成层织物及其组合的其他扁平的含有纤维的材料。根据本发明,扁平的含纤维的材料是由无端纤维即长丝制造的。
根据本发明的复合材料可以包含一个或更多个扁平的增强元件的层。在由根据本发明的复合材料制造的部件中,纤维长度几乎对应于部件长度。
单向长丝涉及具有0.3厘米至50厘米宽度的条或带,条优选具有0.3厘米至5.0厘米的宽度,而带优选具有5.01厘米至50厘米的宽度。
根据本发明,含有纤维的材料不包括如现有技术中用作增强填料的任何短纤维。
含有纤维的材料特别地优选选自
·玻璃纤维,
·碳纤维,
·矿物纤维,
·合成纤维,特别是聚合物纤维,优选由聚酯和聚酰胺构成、特别是由聚芳酰胺构成,
·天然纤维,特别是棉、羊毛、木棉、麻、亚麻、黄麻或木材,以及
其混合物。
进一步优选的是所述复合材料包含另外的添加剂,特别选自缩合催化剂、链调节剂、特别是单官能团的胺或羧酸、消泡剂、稳定剂、无机紫外稳定剂、有机紫外稳定剂、无机热稳定剂、有机热稳定剂、润滑剂和着色剂。
优选地,复合材料包含
30重量%至90重量%、优选35重量%至70重量%、特别优选40重量%至60重量%的聚酰胺模塑化合物,
10重量%至70重量%、优选30重量%至65重量%、特别优选40重量%至60重量%的纤维材料,和
0重量%至5重量%、优选1重量%至4重量%的添加剂。
各个组分的重量比例的总和由此合计为100重量%。
根据本发明的复合材料的特征在于所述复合材料具有以HDT C测量的至少175℃、优选至少180℃、特别优选至少190℃的热稳定性。优选地,以HDT A测量的复合材料的热稳定性为至少185℃,特别优选至少190℃。
此外,根据本发明的复合材料的特征在于至少480MPa、优选至少500Mpa的高的拉伸强度。复合材料还具有高的刚性。抗拉弹性模量为至少30000MPa、优选至少34000MPa、特别优选至少40000MPa。
根据本发明的复合材料在运动、休闲、工程工业、电子、建筑、医疗技术、通信和交通工具、以及航空航天工程领域中用于制造增强部件。
在交通工具领域,这些部件特别是结构部件,优选选自乘客室、底盘、自支撑的车体或顶部。同样地,交通工具领域中的附件如挡泥板、门、后挡板、发动机舱罩可以由根据本发明的复合材料构成。还有汽车内饰部件如门的装饰部分、仪表盘或中央面板可以由复合材料构成。
同样地,船部件如船舱可以由复合材料制成。
进一步的应用涉及由根据本发明的复合材料构成的座位壳的制造。
进一步的应用领域涉及运动器材如曲棍球棍、网球拍、皮划艇桨、鞋底的部分、保护性头盔。
在医疗技术中,医疗器械部件、X-射线躺椅可以由复合材料构成。
在工程中,机器人零件如机器人手臂,或重金属重塑中的按压部件优选由复合材料构成。
在电子领域,特别是装置外壳、电动工具、移动电话壳或圆盘式卫星天线由复合材料制成。
根据本发明,不包括通过注射成型或挤出成型制造的部件。
意在根据之后的实施例更详细地说明根据本发明的主题,而不希望将所述主题限制到在此示出的具体实施方案。
具体实施方式
实施例1基体的制备
聚酰胺A1
在300L的高压釜中,将56.38kg的TMDC、24.13kg的十二烷二酸、15.35kg的对苯二甲酸、4.69kg的二聚酸、0.155kg的Sandostab P-EP、0.100kg的Irganox 1098和0.050kg的消泡剂与15.0kg的软水混合。将反应混合物密封加热至210℃并设置20巴的压力。借助于搅拌匀化4小时后,将混合物加热至300℃,并搅拌另外30分钟。之后将压力在2.5小时内降至0巴。然后将聚合物在300℃搅拌另外30分钟以调节期望的扭矩,之后将聚合物排出并在60℃水浴温度下并以短的穿过拉伸制粒。
聚酰胺A2
聚酰胺A2是与聚酰胺A1相似地制备,使用苯甲酸作为调节剂且没有使用二聚酸。称量的量如下:
聚酰胺A3
聚酰胺A3是与聚酰胺A1相似地制备,使用MACM代替TMDC作为二胺,且用IPS代替二聚酸作为二酸。称量的量如下:
表1中,列出了实施例和比较例中所使用的基体材料及其性能。
表1
通过冷冻粉碎和之后的过筛将表1中列出的聚酰胺转变成具有0μm至500μm(d50为150μm至350μm)颗粒粒径的粉末。将这些聚酰胺粉末用于复合材料的制备。
实施例2层结构
借助于手工层叠提供层叠体。层叠体因此由12层(对拉伸棒)或14层(对冲击棒)碳纤维材料(Toho Tenax,245g/m2,具有环氧树脂涂层,斜纹组织)和由非晶形聚酰胺A1、A2、或A3构成的基体(140g/m2粉末顶层)构成。
相对于彼此对称地且正交异性地构建织造层使得产生以下层结构:0°、+45°、90°、-45°(在之后的织造材料层中重复该布置)。
按如下涂覆层叠体:
1、提供聚四氟乙烯膜作为最低层
2、将粉末(基体材料)散布在聚四氟乙烯膜上布
3、放置织造材料层
4、将粉末散布在织物材料层上
5、放置织造材料层
6、将粉末散布在织造材料层等上
7、将粉末散布在最上层织造材料层上并用聚四氟乙烯膜覆盖。
作为各个层之间的粉末的量,使用了140g/m2。在间歇式压力机(Collin公司提供)中利用热和压力将该结构压实;实施两次压制过程以完全压实。
表2中列出了第1次和第2次加热-冷却-压制循环的工艺条件。
表2
所产生的有机片具有以下尺寸:30×30cm;3mm厚度(用于拉伸测试)或4mm厚度(用于HDT测量)。
实施例3拉伸棒的制备:
通过水射流用各个有机片切割出尺寸250×25×3mm的拉伸棒和尺寸80×10×4mm的冲击棒。
在本发明的范围内,使用以下测量方法;如果没有指出不同,测试件是在干燥状态下被测试:
熔点和玻璃化转变温度(Tg):
ISO 11357
制粒
在20开尔文/分钟的加热速率下实施差示扫描量热法(DSC)。在熔点处,温度被指示在最大峰值处。根据“半步高”方法确定被指示为玻璃化转变温度(tg)的玻璃化转变范围的中心。
弹性模量:
以1毫米/分钟拉伸速度的ISO 527-4
ISO拉伸测试棒3型,250×25×3mm,温度23℃
拉伸强度:
以5毫米/分钟拉伸速度的ISO 527-4
ISO拉伸测试棒3型,250×25×3mm,温度23℃
Charpy冲击强度:
ISO 179/*eU
ISO测试件,标准:ISO/CD3167,B1型,80×10×4mm,温度23℃
*1=非仪器的,2=仪器的
Charpy切口冲击强度:
ISO 179/*eA
ISO测试件,标准:ISO/CD3167,B1型,80×10×4mm,温度23℃
*1=非仪器的,2=仪器的
相对黏度:
ISO 307
制粒
在100ml间甲酚中的0.5g
温度20℃
按照标准第11节根据RV=t/t0计算相对黏度(RV)
吸水性:
ISO 62
片100×100×1mm
在23℃储存于水中
末端基团(氨基末端基团和羧基末端基团)
通过电位滴定法确定氨基(NH2)和羧基(COOH)末端基团的浓度。对于氨基末端基团,为了这个目的,在50℃至90℃下将0.2g至1.0g聚酰胺或聚酰胺低聚物溶解于50ml间甲酚和25ml异丙醇的混合物中,在添加氨基己酸之后,用0.05摩尔高氯酸溶液滴定。为了确定COOH末端基团,根据溶解度在100℃下将待确定的0.2g至1.0g样品溶解于苯甲醇或邻甲酚与苯甲醇的混合物,在添加苯甲酸之后,用0.1M的四丁基氢氧化铵溶液滴定。
熔融黏度
ISO 1133
制粒
275℃,载重5kg
表3中显示了具有50体积%的纤维含量和各种基体的复合材料的热性能和机械性能
表3
*基体分别包含0.3%热稳定剂
Tm=熔融温度,Tg=玻璃化转变温度
实施例1、2和3的复合材料具有180℃至193℃的高热稳定性(HDT C)。相比之下,比较例5和6的复合材料具有10℃至70℃的较低HDT C值。比较例4的复合材料相对于实施例1、2和3的复合材料具有更高的热稳定性,然而该材料以3.2%相比具有约30%增加的吸水性并显示明显的结晶收缩。
实施例1、2和3的复合材料与比较例4至5相比,具有额外更高的拉伸强度,数值为490MPa至560MPa。
Claims (15)
1.一种复合材料,其包含由具有至少180℃的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)的非晶形聚酰胺构成的基体材料,所述非晶形聚酰胺由以下单体形成:
a)10摩尔%至50摩尔%的选自对苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸和萘二甲酸的至少一种芳香族二羧酸,
b)5摩尔%至35摩尔%的至少一种脂肪族二羧酸,
c)0摩尔%至10摩尔%的至少一种二聚脂肪酸,
d)17摩尔%至50摩尔%的选自经烷基取代的双(4-氨基环己基)甲烷和经烷基取代的双(4-氨基环己基)丙烷的至少一种脂环族二胺,和
e)0摩尔%至33摩尔%的与组分(d)不同的至少一种另外的二胺,和
f)0摩尔%至30摩尔%的至少一种内酰胺或α,ω-氨基酸,
全部单体的摩尔比例的总和合计为100摩尔%,并且所述至少一种内酰胺或α,ω-氨基酸以相对于全部二胺和全部二羧酸的摩尔比例的总和的最高30摩尔%的浓度被包含。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合材料,其特征在于,所述非晶形聚酰胺具有180℃至220℃的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的复合材料,其特征在于,所述脂肪族二羧酸选自己二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、1,12-十二烷二酸、1,14-十四烷二酸、1,18-十八烷二酸、1,3-环己烷二羧酸和1,4-环己烷二羧酸及其组合。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的复合材料,其特征在于,所述二聚脂肪酸选自具有36个C原子的二聚脂肪酸和具有44个C原子的二聚脂肪酸。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的复合材料,其特征在于,脂环族二胺组分选自双(4-氨基-3-甲基环己基)甲烷(MACM)、2,2-双(4-氨基-3-甲基环己基)丙烷、双(4-氨基-3-乙基环己基)甲烷(EACM)、双(4-氨基-3,5-二甲基环己基)甲烷(TMDC)。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的复合材料,其特征在于,所述至少一种内酰胺或至少一种α,ω-氨基酸选自ε-己内酰胺、月桂精内酰胺、1,6-氨基已酸和1,12-氨基十二烷酸。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的复合材料,其特征在于,所述与组分(d)不同的至少一种另外的二胺选自丁二胺、甲基戊二胺、六亚甲基二胺、甲基辛二胺、壬二胺、癸二胺、十二烷二胺和三甲基六亚甲基二胺、异弗尔酮二胺、1,3-环己二胺、1,3-甲基环己二胺、2,5-双(氨基甲基)降莰烷或2,6-双(氨基甲基)降莰烷、2,5-降莰烷二胺或2,6-降莰烷二胺、2,2-双(4-氨基环己基)甲烷、2,2-双(4-氨基环己基)丙烷。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的复合材料,其特征在于,所述非晶形聚酰胺选自PA MACMI/12、PA MACMT/12、PA 6I/MACMI/12、PA 6T/MACMT/12、PA MACMI/MACMT/12、PA 6I/6T/MACMI/MACMT、PA 6I/6T/MACMI/MACMT/12、PA 6I/6T/MACMI/MACMT/MACM12、PA MACMI/MACMT/MACM12、PA TMDC12/TMDCT/TMDC36、PA TMDC12/TMDCI/TMDC36、PA TMDC12/TMDCI和PA TMDC12/TMDCT。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的复合材料,其特征在于,所述复合材料包含至少一种含有纤维的材料。
10.根据权利要求9所述的复合材料,其特征在于,所述含有纤维的材料选自
·玻璃纤维,
·碳纤维,
·矿物纤维,
·合成纤维,
·天然纤维,以及
·其混合物。
11.根据权利要求1或2所述的复合材料,其特征在于,所述复合材料包含另外的添加剂。
12.根据权利要求1或2所述的复合材料,其特征在于,所述复合材料包含
30重量%至90重量%的基体材料,
10重量%至70重量%的纤维材料,和
0重量%至5重量%的添加剂,
各个组分的重量比例的总和由此合计为100重量%。
13.根据权利要求1或2所述的复合材料,其特征在于,所述复合材料具有以HDT C测量的至少175℃的热稳定性。
14.根据权利要求1或2所述的复合材料,其特征在于,所述复合材料具有至少480MPa的拉伸强度,和/或至少30000MPa的抗拉弹性模量。
15.根据权利要求1至14之一所述的复合材料在运动、休闲、工程工业、电子、建筑、医疗技术、通信和交通工具、以及航空航天工程领域中用于制造增强部件的用途。
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CN101328313A (zh) * | 2007-05-16 | 2008-12-24 | 埃姆斯·帕特恩特股份有限公司 | Uv吸收剂在透明聚酰胺模制品制备中的用途 |
EP2727951A1 (en) * | 2012-11-06 | 2014-05-07 | Solvay Specialty Polymers USA, LLC. | Mobile electronic devices made of amorphous polyamides |
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EP2957598A1 (de) | 2015-12-23 |
KR20150145724A (ko) | 2015-12-30 |
TWI707917B (zh) | 2020-10-21 |
JP6591214B2 (ja) | 2019-10-16 |
TW201604238A (zh) | 2016-02-01 |
JP2016020490A (ja) | 2016-02-04 |
CN105295030A (zh) | 2016-02-03 |
CA2894113C (en) | 2021-08-31 |
US20150368398A1 (en) | 2015-12-24 |
AU2015203277B2 (en) | 2018-12-06 |
CA2894113A1 (en) | 2015-12-20 |
SG10201504725XA (en) | 2016-01-28 |
AU2015203277A1 (en) | 2016-01-21 |
KR102218311B1 (ko) | 2021-02-23 |
US9963547B2 (en) | 2018-05-08 |
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