CN105273747A - 一种浆态床加氢反应器的控温措施及其设计方法和用途 - Google Patents

一种浆态床加氢反应器的控温措施及其设计方法和用途 Download PDF

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CN105273747A
CN105273747A CN201510796589.5A CN201510796589A CN105273747A CN 105273747 A CN105273747 A CN 105273747A CN 201510796589 A CN201510796589 A CN 201510796589A CN 105273747 A CN105273747 A CN 105273747A
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李苏安
邓清宇
王坤朋
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Zhongke Chuangyi Tech Development Co., Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种浆态床加氢反应器的控温措施及其设计方法和用途，属于石油化工和煤化工领域。从低到高依次设置三个控制点，达到控制点一时，打入冷氢；达到控制点二时，打入冷油；达到控制点三时，开启各减压点；所述控制点一为：425℃≤温度＜440℃和/或压力≥19MPa，控制点二为：440℃≤温度＜455℃和/或压力≥19MPa，控制点三为：温度≥455℃和/或压力≥20MPa。其中，若反应器设置内循环，所述减压点设置在反应器循环泵前和/或后；若反应器不设置内循环，则将减压点设置在反应器底部；每一个减压点设置减压阀数量≥1个。本发明能在浆态床加氢反应器中取得很好的应用效果，该措施操作简单，且自动化程度高，提高了反应器和生产的安全性。

Description

一种浆态床加氢反应器的控温措施及其设计方法和用途
技术领域
本发明涉及一种浆态床加氢反应器的控温措施及其设计方法和用途，属于石油化工和煤化工领域。
背景技术
浆态床加氢工艺可以有效利用重质油资源和煤炭资源，脱除原料中的硫、氮和重金属等杂质，同时提高轻油的收率和质量，在对传统的炼制技术带来挑战的同时，由于其价格较低，进而提高加工企业的经济效益，因此浆态床加工工艺成为了近年来石化行业的研究热点。浆态床加氢反应器是该工艺的核心设备，关系到整个装置运行的成功与否。
加氢反应是强放热反应，反应器中温升较高，并且浆态床加氢工艺复杂，这就使得反应器超温和超压的可能性大大增加，因此必须对反应器的超温和超压工况做出预判，做好防止反应器超温和超压的安全措施。
原料经加热炉升温后进入加氢反应器，加热炉操作不当、反应器进料不稳定、反应器出口堵塞、浆态床反应器内循环操作故障等原因都有可能导致反应器超温或者超压，一旦出现这种工况，反应器的温度和压力可能会继续攀升，会加剧轻油裂解反应，一方面损失了轻油收率，另一方面会造成反应器内的压力急剧升高；另外还会加剧缩聚反应的发生，造成设备堵塞，而现有技术中并没有能即使采取对策的措施，导致反应器容易发生停工，产生大量损失。
目前防止浆态床反应器飞温和超压的措施是采用冷壁式反应器，即设置反应器内衬结构，内衬具有隔热功能，反应器金属壁温并不高，可以采用普通品质的钢材，节省设备投资。但这样做的缺点也是很明显的：一是在反应器内的高温、高压、强腐蚀环境下，内衬的使用寿命较短，需要经常更换，一旦更换不及时就会引起反应器爆炸；二是内衬制造和施工麻烦，且风险较高。不设置内衬的热壁结构的反应器是较为实用的，但这就需要将反应器的操作温度和操作压力控制在正常范围以内,而目前还没有能实现良好控制的方法。
发明内容
本发明提供一种浆态床加氢反应器的控温措施及其设计方法和用途，大大降低了操作风险，提高了装置的安全性。
本发明技术方案如下：
一种浆态床加氢反应器的控温措施，其特征在于从低到高依次设置三个控制点，达到控制点一时，打入冷氢；达到控制点二时，打入冷油；达到控制点三时，开启各减压点；
所述控制点一为：425℃≤温度＜440℃和/或压力≥19MPa，控制点二为：440℃≤温度＜455℃和/或压力≥19MPa，控制点三为：温度≥455℃和/或压力≥20MPa。
其中，若反应器设置内循环，所述减压点设置在反应器循环泵前和/或后；若反应器不设置内循环，则将减压点设置在反应器底部；每一个减压点设置减压阀数量≥1个。
优选所述加氢反应器串联使用，串联数量为2-4个，设置减压点的反应器数量≥1个。
优选的所述减压阀受反应器内温度或压力控制，温度测量点数量≥1，压力测量点数量≥1，设置温度自控阀门和/或手控阀门，启动减压阀的条件是反应器操作温度达到455℃或操作压力达到20MPa，二个条件满足一个即报警并启动减压阀；当反应器温度≥465℃，操作压力≥21.5MPa时，将控制阀全部打开，即启动装置停工。
优选的超温、超压信号同时传递给DCS和/或SIS系统，以启动相应措施。
优选的减压阀还接受其他需要减压的信号指令；所述信号指令为接收到反应器进料泵出口压力失常的信号，循环氢压缩机或新鲜氢压缩机出口压力失常的信号，或反应器内反应不正常。
一种浆态床加氢反应器，其特征在于采用上述的控温措施。
上述加氢反应器的用途，其特征在于用于重油加氢工艺、煤直接液化工艺和油煤混炼工艺，所述重油加氢工艺指以原油、常压渣油、减压渣油、催化油浆、脱油沥青、煤焦油的一种或者多种组合为原料进行加工；所述油煤混炼工艺指以原油、常压渣油、减压渣油、催化油浆、脱油沥青和煤焦油中的一种或者多种组合与褐煤、烟煤中的一种或者多种组合为原料进行加工，油与煤的比例范围为97-30:3:70。
一种浆态床加氢反应器的控温措施的设计方法，其特征在于设计以下控温措施：从低到高依次设置三个控温点，超过控温点一时，自动打入冷氢；超过控温点二时，自动打入冷油；超过控温点三时，自动开启各减压点；
所述控制点一为：425℃≤温度＜440℃和/或压力≥19MPa，控制点二为：440℃≤温度＜455℃和/或压力≥19MPa，控制点三为：温度≥455℃和/或压力≥20MPa。
本发明的控温措施，通过长时间的实验和分析，选取了合理的控制点，通过三个层次实现对温度和压力的管控，处理反应器超温超压工况。首先通过向反应器内注入冷氢或进一步注入冷油等冷却剂以稳定操作条件，由本发明所选取的控制点根据温度或压力判断注入冷氢或冷油无法奏效时，进行下一步操作，最终启动反应器底部的减压阀来控制反应温度，遇到需要停工的工况，本减压阀还能够起到紧急停工的作用。本发明能在浆态床加氢反应器中取得很好的应用效果，该措施操作简单，且自动化程度高，提高了反应器和生产的安全性。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例的反应器简图，图中各标号列示如下：
1-反应器，2-进料，3-进料分布器出料口，4-循环进料分布器，5-循环泵，6-减压线，7-减压阀，8-出料口，9-反应器内循环入口。
具体实施方式
为进一步阐述本发明的具体特征，将结合图1与实施例加以说明。
实施例
本实施例介绍的是煤和油混合加氢炼制工艺的其中一级浆态床加氢反应器，减压点设置在循环泵入口前，减压阀7数量为1个，减压线6是减压阀7所在的管道，用来排放减压时所释放的介质。
进料2通过进料分布器出料口3进入反应器1，此外还包括内循环系统，包括循环进料分布器4、循环泵5和反应器内循环入口9。
反应器1正常操作时，出口操作温度不超过455℃，由于加氢裂化反应为放热反应，所以将测温点设置在距离反应器出料口8最近处，以检测反应器的最高操作温度，为避免温度计或传感器出现失灵状态，设置三个温度计，按照三取二的方式读取温度，达到425℃时，打入冷氢；达到440℃时，打入冷油；达到455℃时，启动报警，并启动减压阀7，并将该信号传递给DCS和SIS系统，当操作温度超过465℃，将减压阀7全部打开，启动装置停工。
反应器1正常操作时，进口操作压力不超过18.5MPa，由于介质流向为由下至上，所以将测压点设置在距离反应器入口即进料分布器出料口3最近处，以检测反应器的最高操作压力，为避免压力表或传感器出现失灵状态，设置三个压力表，按照三取二的方式读取压力，当操作压力超过20MPa时，启动减压阀(通过控制压力来控制温度)，并将该信号传递给DCS和SIS系统，当压力超过21.5MPa时，将减压阀全部打开，启动装置停工。减压阀还接受反应系统外的其它需要启动减压的信号，例如接收到反应器进料泵出口压力失常的信号，循环氢压缩机或新鲜氢压缩机出口压力失常的信号，发现反应器内反应不正常。
本实施例通过生产中的实际验证，在浆态床加氢反应器中取得了很好的应用效果，该措施操作简单，且自动化程度高，提高了反应器和生产的安全性，保证反应器长时间未出现安全问题。
以上所述仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书的保护范围为准。

Claims (9)

1.一种浆态床加氢反应器的控温措施，其特征在于从低到高依次设置三个控制点，达到控制点一时，自动打入冷氢；达到控制点二时，自动打入冷油；达到控制点三时，自动开启各减压点；
所述控制点一为：425℃≤温度＜440℃和/或压力≥19MPa，控制点二为：440℃≤温度＜455℃和/或压力≥19MPa，控制点三为：温度≥455℃和/或压力≥20MPa，
其中，若反应器设置内循环，所述减压点设置在反应器循环泵前和/或后；若反应器不设置内循环，则将减压点设置在反应器底部；每一个减压点设置减压阀数量≥1个。
2.根据权利要求1所述的控温措施，其特征在于所述加氢反应器串联使用，串联数量为2-4个，设置减压点的反应器数量≥1个。
3.根据权利要求1所述的控温措施，其特征在于所述减压阀受反应器内温度或压力控制，温度测量点数量≥1，压力测量点数量≥1，设置温度自控阀门和/或手控阀门，启动减压阀的条件是反应器操作温度≥455℃或操作压力≥20MPa，二个条件满足一个即报警并启动减压阀；当反应器温度≥465℃，操作压力≥21.5MPa时，将控制阀全部打开，即启动装置停工。
4.根据权利要求1所述的控温措施，其特征在于超温、超压信号同时传递给DCS和/或SIS系统，以启动相应措施。
5.根据权利要求1所述的控温措施，其特征在于减压阀还接受其他需要减压的信号指令。
6.根据权利要求5所述的控温措施，其特征在于所述信号指令为接收到反应器进料泵出口压力失常的信号，循环氢压缩机或新鲜氢压缩机出口压力失常的信号，或反应器内反应不正常。
7.一种浆态床加氢反应器，其特征在于采用权利要求1-6任一所述的控温措施。
8.根据权利要求7所述的加氢反应器的用途，其特征在于用于重油加氢工艺、煤直接液化工艺和油煤混炼工艺，所述重油加氢工艺指以原油、常压渣油、减压渣油、催化油浆、脱油沥青、煤焦油的一种或者多种组合为原料进行加工；所述油煤混炼工艺指以原油、常压渣油、减压渣油、催化油浆、脱油沥青和煤焦油中的一种或者多种组合与褐煤、烟煤中的一种或者多种组合为原料进行加工，油与煤的比例范围为97-30:3:70。
9.一种浆态床加氢反应器的控温措施的设计方法，其特征在于设计以下控温措施：从低到高依次设置三个控温点，超过控温点一时，自动打入冷氢；超过控温点二时，自动打入冷油；超过控温点三时，自动开启各减压点；
所述控温点一为440℃，控温点二为445℃，控温点三为455℃；其中，若反应器设置内循环，所述减压点设置在反应器循环泵前和/或后；若反应器不设置内循环，则将减压点设置在反应器底部；每一个减压点设置减压阀数量≥1个。
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