CN105257820A - 车辆用无级变速器 - Google Patents

车辆用无级变速器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105257820A
CN105257820A CN201510394161.8A CN201510394161A CN105257820A CN 105257820 A CN105257820 A CN 105257820A CN 201510394161 A CN201510394161 A CN 201510394161A CN 105257820 A CN105257820 A CN 105257820A
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speed
changing mechanism
motor vehicle
vehicle
vehicles
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CN105257820B (zh
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上山口勉
篠岛巧
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H59/00Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/36Inputs being a function of speed
    • F16H59/46Inputs being a function of speed dependent on a comparison between speeds
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/66Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings
    • F16H61/664Friction gearings
    • F16H61/6646Friction gearings controlling shifting exclusively as a function of speed
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H15/00Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members
    • F16H15/02Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members without members having orbital motion
    • F16H15/04Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios
    • F16H15/06Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B
    • F16H15/32Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B in which the member B has a curved friction surface formed as a surface of a body of revolution generated by a curve which is neither a circular arc centered on its axis of revolution nor a straight line
    • F16H15/36Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B in which the member B has a curved friction surface formed as a surface of a body of revolution generated by a curve which is neither a circular arc centered on its axis of revolution nor a straight line with concave friction surface, e.g. a hollow toroid surface
    • F16H15/38Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B in which the member B has a curved friction surface formed as a surface of a body of revolution generated by a curve which is neither a circular arc centered on its axis of revolution nor a straight line with concave friction surface, e.g. a hollow toroid surface with two members B having hollow toroid surfaces opposite to each other, the member or members A being adjustably mounted between the surfaces
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H15/00Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members
    • F16H15/02Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members without members having orbital motion
    • F16H15/04Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios
    • F16H15/44Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which two members of non-uniform effective diameter directly co-operate with one another
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/021Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings toothed gearing combined with continuous variable friction gearing
    • F16H37/022Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings toothed gearing combined with continuous variable friction gearing the toothed gearing having orbital motion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0833Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
    • F16H37/084Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
    • F16H37/086CVT using two coaxial friction members cooperating with at least one intermediate friction member
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H59/00Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/36Inputs being a function of speed
    • F16H59/44Inputs being a function of speed dependent on machine speed of the machine, e.g. the vehicle
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H59/00Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/60Inputs being a function of ambient conditions
    • F16H59/66Road conditions, e.g. slope, slippery
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/66Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings
    • F16H61/664Friction gearings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H15/00Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members
    • F16H15/02Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members without members having orbital motion
    • F16H15/04Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios
    • F16H15/06Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B
    • F16H15/32Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B in which the member B has a curved friction surface formed as a surface of a body of revolution generated by a curve which is neither a circular arc centered on its axis of revolution nor a straight line
    • F16H15/36Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B in which the member B has a curved friction surface formed as a surface of a body of revolution generated by a curve which is neither a circular arc centered on its axis of revolution nor a straight line with concave friction surface, e.g. a hollow toroid surface
    • F16H15/38Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B in which the member B has a curved friction surface formed as a surface of a body of revolution generated by a curve which is neither a circular arc centered on its axis of revolution nor a straight line with concave friction surface, e.g. a hollow toroid surface with two members B having hollow toroid surfaces opposite to each other, the member or members A being adjustably mounted between the surfaces
    • F16H2015/383Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B in which the member B has a curved friction surface formed as a surface of a body of revolution generated by a curve which is neither a circular arc centered on its axis of revolution nor a straight line with concave friction surface, e.g. a hollow toroid surface with two members B having hollow toroid surfaces opposite to each other, the member or members A being adjustably mounted between the surfaces with two or more sets of toroid gearings arranged in parallel
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0833Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
    • F16H37/084Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
    • F16H2037/0866Power split variators with distributing differentials, with the output of the CVT connected or connectable to the output shaft
    • F16H2037/0873Power split variators with distributing differentials, with the output of the CVT connected or connectable to the output shaft with switching, e.g. to change ranges
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0833Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
    • F16H37/084Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
    • F16H2037/088Power split variators with summing differentials, with the input of the CVT connected or connectable to the input shaft
    • F16H2037/0886Power split variators with summing differentials, with the input of the CVT connected or connectable to the input shaft with switching means, e.g. to change ranges
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0833Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
    • F16H37/084Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
    • F16H2037/0893Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT characterised in the ratio of the continuously variable transmission is different from zero when the output shaft speed is zero
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/66Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings
    • F16H61/662Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings with endless flexible members
    • F16H2061/66204Control for modifying the ratio control characteristic

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Transmission Device (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种车辆用无级变速器,其具有:无级变速机构以及具有多个旋转要素的行星齿轮机构,且能够在使所述行星齿轮机构差动性地动作的工作模式下进行工作。本发明的车辆用无级变速器还具有:根据油门开度运算出所述车辆的目标驱动力的目标驱动力运算单元;运算出行驶阻力的行驶阻力运算单元;转速检测单元;确定车速的车速确定单元;以及设定所述无级变速机构的目标速度比的设定单元。所述车速确定单元在所述转速检测单元的检测结果超过阈值时,根据所述检测结果确定车速,在所述转速检测单元的检测结果为阈值以下时,根据所述目标驱动力运算单元运算出的目标驱动力、所述行驶阻力运算单元运算出的行驶阻力以及所述车辆的车重来确定车速。

Description

车辆用无级变速器
技术领域
本发明涉及车辆用无级变速器。
背景技术
作为车辆用无级变速器,提出了如下变速器:在极低车速的区域能够无级变更速度比。作为这样的无级变速器,在日本特开2003-194204号公报中公开了将环式(toroidal)的无级变速机构与行星齿轮机构组合而得的无级变速器。在专利文献1的无级变速器中,具有如下模式:经由无级变速机构针对行星齿轮机构输入驱动力,另一方面不经由无级变速机构而输入驱动力,使行星齿轮机构差动地动作。在该模式下,通过调整无级变速机构的速度比,输出轴的正转以及反转隔着使输出轴的旋转停止的状态(齿轮空档:GN)而变换自如。
为了控制无级变速机构的速度比而需要车速的信息。作为用于检测车速的传感器,例如已知有对无级变速器的输出轴的转速进行检测的磁拾取传感器等脉冲传感器。但是,在GN前后的极低车速(极低转速)的区域中,有时不能通过脉冲传感器准确地检测出转速,有时难以进行与车速对应的速度比的设定。也考虑到利用检测精度更高的传感器,但是成为了成本增加的要因。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,在抑制成本增加的同时即使在极低车速的区域中也能够设定无级变速机构的速度比。
根据本发明的一个方面,提供一种车辆用无级变速器,能够在规定的工作模式下进行工作,其具有:无级变速机构,来自车辆所具有的驱动源的驱动力被输入到该无级变速机构;以及行星齿轮机构,其具有由太阳齿轮、齿圈以及行星架构成的多个旋转要素,所述车辆用无级变速器的特征在于,在所述规定的工作模式下,所述驱动力经由所述无级变速机构而输入到所述多个旋转要素中的第一旋转要素,所述驱动力不经由所述无级变速机构地输入到所述多个旋转要素中的第二旋转要素,所述驱动力经由所述多个旋转要素中的第三旋转要素而被输出,所述车辆用无级变速器还具有:目标驱动力运算单元,其根据油门开度运算出所述车辆的目标驱动力;行驶阻力运算单元,其运算出所述车辆的行驶阻力;转速检测单元,其对所述车辆所具有的旋转部件的转速进行检测;车速确定单元,其根据所述转速检测单元的检测结果来确定车速;以及设定单元,其根据所述车速确定单元确定出的车速与所述驱动源的目标转速来设定所述无级变速机构的目标速度比,在所述转速检测单元的检测结果超过阈值时,所述车速确定单元根据所述检测结果确定车速,在所述转速检测单元的检测结果为阈值以下时,所述车速确定单元根据所述目标驱动力运算单元运算出的目标驱动力、所述行驶阻力运算单元运算出的行驶阻力以及所述车辆的车重来确定车速。
通过参照附图进行的下述的实施方式的描述,来明确本发明的进一步特征。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一实施方式涉及的无级变速器的概要图。
图2A是表示高速模式时的动力传递路径的图,图2B是表示低速模式时(前进时)的动力传递路径的图,图2C是表示低速模式时(后退时)的动力传递路径的图。
图3A是表示无级变速器的速度比与无级变速机构的速度比的关系的图,图3B是表示脉冲传感器的特性的图。
图4是规定了目标驱动力、车速与油门开度的关系的图表的说明图。
图5A以及图5B是表示控制单元执行的处理例的流程图。
图6A是表示控制系统的其他结构例的图,图6B是表示控制单元执行的其他处理例的流程图。
具体实施方式
图1是本发明的一实施方式涉及的无级变速器1的概要图。该图表示了无级变速器1的机构部分的构架图以及控制系统的框图。
无级变速器1是搭载于具有作为驱动源的发动机(内燃机)10的车辆的车辆用无级变速器。
无级变速器1具有:输入轴2、输出轴(副轴)3、中间轴4、无级变速机构5、空转齿轮组6、行星齿轮机构7以及离合器CH、CL。
发动机10的驱动力经由飞轮11被输入到输入轴2。输入轴2的旋转通过无级变速机构5或者行星齿轮机构7而进行减速或者加速后被从输出轴3输出。输入轴2、输出轴3以及中间轴4配置成彼此平行。
在本实施方式的情况下,无级变速机构5是环型的无级变速机构。另外,也能够采用带式的无级变速机构等其他的变速机构。
无级变速机构5具有一对输入侧盘51、输出侧盘52、以及多个动力辊53。
一对输入侧盘51与输入轴2同心地连结,并与输入轴2一体地旋转。由此,驱动源10的驱动力被输入到无级变速机构5。输出侧盘52配置于一对输入侧盘51之间。输出侧盘52设置成与输入轴2同轴且旋转自如。动力辊53是这样的滚动体:配置于输入侧盘51与输出侧盘52之间,并在输入侧盘51与输出侧盘52之间摩擦滚动而传递驱动力。
动力辊53旋转自如地支承于旋转轴54,并绕与旋转轴54正交的摆动轴55(耳轴)摆动自如。动力辊53以旋转轴54为旋转中心旋转,在形成于输入侧盘51内表面的环面(滚动面)与形成于输出侧盘52内表面的环面(滚动面)上滚动。并且,通过使动力辊53绕摆动轴55摆动而使倾斜角度发生变化,从而一边使相对于环面的接触压力(摩擦力)和接触部位发生变化一边在环面5上滚动。由此,构成为能够使无级变速机构5的速度比(比率)无级地变化。
在输出侧盘52的外周设置有输出用的外齿52a。以一体旋转的方式固定于中间轴4的传递齿轮8与该外齿52a啮合。
行星齿轮机构7具有与中间轴4同轴配置的多个旋转要素71~73。旋转要素71是太阳齿轮,下文中有时称为太阳齿轮71。旋转要素72是齿圈,下文中有时称为齿圈72。旋转要素73是行星架,下文中有时称为行星架73。行星架73将与太阳齿轮71以及齿圈72啮合的小齿轮73轴支承为自转自如以及公转自如。
空转齿轮组6具有齿轮61~63。齿轮61固定于输入轴2,并与输入轴2一体地旋转。齿轮62固定于行星架73。齿轮62与行星架73一体地绕中间轴4旋转。齿轮63旋转自如地轴支承于无级变速器1的机壳,并绕与输入轴2平行的轴旋转自如。齿轮63与齿轮61以及齿轮62啮合。因此,驱动源10的驱动力不经由无级变速机构5而始终经由输入轴2以及空转齿轮组6被输入到行星架73。
旋转部件41、42设置成与中间轴4同轴且旋转自如。太阳齿轮71固定于旋转部件41。齿圈72与齿轮9固定于旋转部件42。齿轮9与固定于输出轴3的齿轮31啮合。与差动齿轮13啮合的输出齿轮32固定于输出轴3。
离合器CH、CL是将旋转要素间解除自如地连结的接合机构,例如是湿式多板离合器。离合器CH解除自如地连结中间轴4与旋转部件42。换言之,在离合器CH处于接合状态(驱动传递状态)时,为如下状态:经由中间轴4以及齿轮8在输出侧盘52与齿圈72以及齿轮9之间传递驱动力。在离合器CH处于接合解除状态(驱动传递解除状态)时,为如下状态:经由中间轴4以及齿轮8,在输出侧盘52与齿圈72以及齿轮9之间不传递驱动力。这样,离合器CH对输出侧盘52与齿圈72以及齿轮9之间的驱动传递以及驱动传递解除进行切换。
离合器CL解除自如地连结中间轴4与旋转部件41。换言之,在离合器CL处于接合状态(驱动传递状态)时,为如下状态:经由中间轴4以及齿轮8在输出侧盘52与太阳齿轮71之间传递驱动力。在离合器CL处于接合解除状态(驱动传递解除状态)时,为如下状态:经由中间轴4以及齿轮8,在输出侧盘52与太阳齿轮71之间不传递驱动力。这样,离合器CL对输出侧盘52与太阳齿轮71之间的驱动传递以及驱动传递解除进行切换。
接下来,对无级变速器1的控制系统的结构进行说明。无级变速器1具有控制单元100。控制单元100能够构成为不仅控制无级变速器1还进行驱动源10等的控制。在将控制驱动源10的控制单元与控制单元100分开设置时,能够彼此进行信息通信。
控制单元100具有:CPU(中央处理器);RAM、ROM等存储设备;以及I/O接口和通信接口等。控制单元执行存储于该存储设备的程序,根据传感器SR的检测结果等控制致动器110。
传感器SR包括转速检测传感器SR1~SR3、AP传感器SR4、以及坡度传感器SR5。转速检测传感器SR1~SR3是检测旋转部件的转速的传感器。在本实施方式的情况下,假设磁拾取传感器等脉冲传感器作为转速检测传感器SR1~SR3。转速检测传感器SR1对输入侧盘51的转速(即输入轴2的转速)进行检测。转速检测传感器SR2对输出侧盘52的转速进行检测。转速检测传感器SR3对齿轮31的转速(即输出轴3的转速)进行检测。AP传感器SR4设置于油门踏板,对油门开度进行检测。坡度传感器SR5例如是加速度传感器,对车辆的行驶道路的坡度进行检测。
在致动器110中例如包括通过液压使动力辊53摆动的控制阀、通过液压来驱动离合器CH、CL的控制阀等。
接下来,参照图2A~图2C对无级变速器1的工作模式进行说明。在本实施方式的情况下,通过切换离合器CH、CL的接合关系,能够选择称为高速模式、低速模式的两个工作模式。构成为能够通过两个离合器CH、CL的连接切换来实现工作模式的转移的比较简单的结构。
图2A表示选择高速模式时的驱动力的传递路径。图2B表示选择低速模式时且前进时的驱动力的传递路径。图2C表示选择低速模式时且后退时的驱动力的传递路径。
通过使离合器CH设为接合状态、使离合器CL为接合解除状态来建立高速模式。驱动源10的驱动力经由无级变速机构5、旋转部件42、齿轮9而传递至输出轴3。由于行星齿轮机构7的太阳齿轮71能够自由旋转,因此行星齿轮机构7对于驱动力的传递没有帮助。因此,能够将高速模式称为只经由无级变速机构5与行星齿轮机构7中的无级变速机构5来传递驱动力的工作模式。
通过使离合器CL为接合状态、使离合器CH为接合解除状态来建立低速模式。通过使离合器CL为接合状态,中间轴4与旋转部件41成为连结状态。因此,驱动源10的驱动力经由无级变速机构5输入到太阳齿轮71。另一方面,如上所述,驱动源10的驱动力不经由无级变速机构5而始终经由输入轴2以及空转齿轮组6被输入到行星架73。因此,行星齿轮机构7差动性地动作,驱动力经由齿圈72而被输出。由于齿圈72固定于旋转部件42,因此驱动源10的驱动力经由旋转部件42、齿轮9而传递至输出轴3。这样,在低速模式下,无级变速机构5与行星齿轮机构7双方有助于驱动力的传递。因此,能够将低速模式称为经由无级变速机构5与行星齿轮机构7双方来传递驱动力的工作模式。
图3A是表示本实施方式涉及的无级变速器1的速度比(比率)与无级变速机构5的速度比(比率)的关系的图表。无级变速器1的速度比表示输入轴2与输出轴3之间的速度比,无级变速机构5的速度比表示输入侧盘51与输出侧盘52之间的速度比。
低速模式是低速前进用以及后退用的工作模式,高速模式是高速行驶用的模式。低速模式是处于如下关系的状态:随着无级变速机构5的速度比增加,无级变速器1的速度比减少。并且,高速模式是处于如下关系的状态:若无级变速机构5的速度比增加,则无级变速器1的速度比也增加。
在低速模式下,在无级变速机构5的速度比为规定的速度比时,包括输出轴3的旋转停止的齿轮空档(GN)。齿轮空档通过行星齿轮机构7的太阳齿轮71、齿圈72、以及行星架73的小齿轮74三者间的齿轮比而被设定。并且,在低速模式下,在无级变速机构5的速度比大于成为齿轮空档的规定的速度比的区域中,输出轴3向反转方向旋转,从而车辆后退(图2C)。并且,在无级变速机构5的速度比小于成为齿轮空档的规定的速度比的区域中,输出轴3向正转方向旋转,从而车辆前进(以低速行驶的方式前进)(图2B)。即,在低速模式下,通过调整无级变速机构5的速度比,输出轴3的正转以及反转隔着保持齿轮空档变换自如。
接下来,对无级变速机构5的速度比的设定进行说明。能够通过目标速度比=常数×车速/驱动源10的目标转速来设定无级变速机构5的控制上的目标速度比。驱动源10的目标转速例如与车速与油门开度对应地而被计算出来。
为了检测出车速,只要能够检测出车辆具有的旋转部件中的、转速与车速成正比地增减的旋转部件的转速即可。在本实施方式中,使用传感器SR3作为一个示例。传感器SR3如上所述,是检测输出轴3的转速的脉冲传感器。
图3B是表示检测输出轴3的旋转的传感器SR3的特性的图表。在该图的图表中,横轴表示车速,纵轴表示检测出的车速V的更新周期L。在传感器SR3中,在小于该图的图表所示的车速V1(作为一个示例,V1=5km/h)的区域(0≤V<V1)中,在周期L1(作为一个示例,L1=10msec)以内不能更新车速V的数据。并且,在车速V为V1以上且小于V2(作为一个示例,V2=15km/h)的区域(V1≤V<V2)中,在周期L2(作为一个示例,L2=5msec)以内不能够更新车速V的数据。
因此,在传感器SR3的输出性能例如是2Hz时,则不能检测出0.1km/h以下的车速。因此,在齿轮空档附近的极低速状态下,有时通过传感器SR3难以准确地检测出输出轴3的转速。
因此,在本实施方式中,在极低速状态下通过估计来确定车速。关于估计方法,通过估计出车辆的加速度,并对估计加速度进行积分来计算出车速。具体来说,如通过运算式来表示,则将微小时间作为dt而如下表述。
估计车速=∫{(车辆的目标驱动力-车辆的行驶阻力)/车重}dt(数学式1)
能够根据油门开度来运算出车辆的目标驱动力。油门开度利用AP传感器(油门踏板传感器)SR4的检测结果。与油门开度对应的目标驱动力在事先映射化而存储到控制单元100的存储设备中,能够读出进行利用。图4表示其一个示例。
在该图的示例中,与油门开度(AP)对应地定义了车速与目标驱动力的关系。另外,作为参考,还通过虚线图示了车速与行驶阻力的关系。基本上,油门开度相对越大,目标驱动力也相对越大,油门开度相对越小,目标驱动力也相对越小。在图4的示例中示出了油门开度为9种的情况,但是实际上能够进一步细化。
在图4的示例中,作为所谓传感器精度低下区域,示意性地表示了通过传感器SR3不能准确地检测出输出轴3的转速的极低速的区域。在该极低速的区域中,目标驱动力是恒定的而与车速无关。因此,能够与油门开度对应地设定目标驱动力。
作为数学式1的车辆的行驶阻力,例如能够列举出空气阻力、滚动阻力、坡度阻力以及加速阻力。在估计车速的运算中,也可以考虑所述所有种类的行驶阻力。由此能够提升估计精度。但是,在极低速的区域中,也有的影响小。因此,也可以只考虑一部分(例如只考虑坡度阻力、或者只考虑坡度阻力和滚动阻力)。例如,在极低速的区域中,认为坡度阻力的影响不小。因此,作为行驶阻力而至少包括坡度阻力,由此,能够提升车速的设定精度。
关于空气阻力能够根据车辆的前表面投影面积、车速以及空气阻力系数进行运算。对于前表面投影面积与空气阻力系数,可以预先设定。对于车速,能够使用前一次的处理循环中计算出的估计车速。估计车速的初始值也可以为0。关于滚动阻力,能够根据车重与滚动阻力系数进行运算。都可以预先设定。
关于坡度阻力,能够根据车重与行驶道路的坡度进行运算。行驶道路的坡度能够根据坡度传感器SR5的检测结果来决定。关于加速阻力能,够功能车辆的加速度、车重、驱动系统的各旋转体的重量及其加速度进行运算。
对于用于数学式1以及行驶阻力运算的车重,能够设定为车辆的总重量。为了更准确地进行运算,优选的是还加上乘员的重量。该情况下,例如,也可以将相当于一名乘员的重量(例如55kg)加到车辆的总重量中。车重的信息例如能够存储于控制单元100的存储设备中。
这样,在本实施方式中,能够在极低速状态下估计出并决定车速,从而设定无级变速机构5的速度比。图5A是表示控制单元100执行的处理例的流程图,特别是,示出了确定车速而设定无级变速机构5的速度比的处理例。通过反复执行图5A的处理能够将无级变速机构5的速度比维持为更加适当的速度比。
在S1中,对传感器SR3的检测结果表示的输出轴3的转速是否是阈值以下进行判定。与传感器SR3不能准确地检测出输出轴3的转速的范围对应地来设定阈值,阈值能够设定为传感器SR3的检测结果的可靠性低的值的上限值。作为一个示例,想定为在输出轴3的转速极低时,传感器SR3的检测结果表示的转速为0,从而能够将阈值设为0。在传感器SR3的检测结果表示的输出轴3的转速是阈值以下时,向S2前进,在超过阈值时,向S4前进。
在S2中,取得AP传感器SR4的检测结果,判定油门开度是否超过0%。在油门开度为0%时,能够视为车辆实际上已经停止,即使从传感器SR3的检测结果决定车速也没有问题。因此,在油门开度不超过0%时,向S4前进。另一方面,在油门开度超过0%时,视为车辆处于极低速状态,向S3前进。
在S3中,进行通过估计而确定车速的处理。图5B是表示该处理例的流程图。在S11中,根据S2取得的AP传感器SR4的检测结果与图4所例示的映射图来运算车辆的目标驱动力。在S12中,通过上述的方法运算出车辆的行驶阻力。在S13中,将S11以及S12的各运算结果应用于数学式1而运算出估计车速,将运算结果确定为车速。
返回到图5A,在S4中,从传感器SR3的检测结果确定车速。在S5中,根据在S3或者S4中所确定的车速以及另外设定的驱动源10的目标转速来设定无级变速机构5的目标速度比。通过以上,一单位的处理结束。之后,控制无级变速机构5以成为所设定的目标速度比。
这样在本实施方式中,在传感器SR3的检测结果为阈值以下时,不利用该检测结果,而根据目标驱动力(S11)、行驶阻力(S12)以及车辆的车重来设定车速(S3)。因此,作为传感器SR3,即使不使用成为成本增加要因的高精度的传感器,也能够使用以往一般使用的磁拾取传感器等脉冲传感器。也就是说,能够在抑制成本增加的同时即使在极低车速的区域中也能够设定无级变速机构5的速度比。
<其他实施方式>
在上述实施方式中,在图5A的S2的处理中,根据油门开度估计车辆处于停止中或者即将停止之前,但是也可以根据针对脚踏制动器的操作的检测结果来进行估计。由此能够与爬行行驶对应。
图6A是本实施方式中的控制系统的框图。在传感器SR中包括有制动传感器SR6。制动传感器SR6对驾驶员有没有操作脚踏制动器进行检测,如果有操作(如果踩踏了脚踏制动器)则为接通(ON),如果没有操作则为断开(OFF)。
图6B是本实施方式中的控制单元100的处理例,是代替图5A的处理例的处理例。以下,对与图5A的处理的不同点进行说明。
在本实施方式中,代替图5A的S2的处理而进行S2’的处理。即,在S2’中,判定制动传感器SR6是否为接通。在接通时,能够视为车辆实质上已经停止,即使根据传感器SR3的检测结果决定车速也没有问题。因此,在制动传感器SR6为接通时向S4前进。另一方面,在制动传感器SR6为断开时,视为车辆处于极低速状态而向S3’前进。在S3’中,根据油门开度通过估计来确定车速。这里的处理例如能够为与图5A的S3相同的处理(图5B的处理)。S1、S4以及S5的处理与图5A的处理例相同。这样,也可以根据制动传感器SR6检测结果来判定车辆实质上已经停止、或者处于极低速状态。
<实施方式的总结>
上述实施方式的车辆用无级变速器具有:无级变速机构,来自车辆所具有的驱动源的驱动力被输入到该无级变速机构;以及行星齿轮机构,其具有由太阳齿轮、齿圈以及行星架构成的多个旋转要素,所述车辆用无级变速器能够在规定的工作模式下进行工作,其特征在于,在所述规定的工作模式下,所述驱动力经由所述无级变速机构而输入到所述多个旋转要素中的第一旋转要素,所述驱动力不经由所述无级变速机构地输入到所述多个旋转要素中的第二旋转要素,所述驱动力经由所述多个旋转要素中的第三旋转要素而被输出,所述车辆用无级变速器还具有:目标驱动力运算单元,其根据油门开度运算出所述车辆的目标驱动力;行驶阻力运算单元,其运算出所述车辆的行驶阻力;转速检测单元,其对所述车辆所具有的旋转部件的转速进行检测;车速确定单元,其根据所述转速检测单元的检测结果来确定车速;以及设定单元,其根据所述车速确定单元确定出的车速与所述驱动源的目标转速来设定所述无级变速机构的目标速度比,在所述转速检测单元的检测结果超过阈值时,所述车速确定单元根据所述检测结果确定车速,所述转速检测单元的检测结果为阈值以下时,所述车速确定单元根据所述目标驱动力运算单元运算出的目标驱动力、所述行驶阻力运算单元运算出的行驶阻力以及所述车辆的车重来确定车速。
根据该结构,在所述转速检测单元的检测结果为所述阈值以下时,不利用所述转速检测单元的检测结果,而根据所述目标驱动力运算单元运算出的目标驱动力、所述行驶阻力运算单元运算出的行驶阻力以及所述车辆的车重来确定车速。因此,在抑制成本的同时即使在极低车速的区域中也能够设定无级变速机构的速度比。
并且,上述实施方式的车辆用无级变速器的特征在于,所述无级变速机构是环型的无级变速机构,其具有:输入侧盘,其与输入轴连结;输出侧盘,其与所述输入轴同轴且旋转自如;以及滚动体,其在所述输入侧盘与所述输出侧盘之间摩擦滚动,在所述规定的工作模式下,与所述无级变速机构的速度比对应地,所述车辆用无级变速器的输出轴的旋转能够隔着停止状态自如变换为正转以及反转。
根据该结构,在环型的无级变速机构中,能够设定极低车速区域中的速度比。
并且,上述实施方式的车辆用无级变速机构的特征在于,所述车辆用无级变速器具有:第一离合器,其对所述输出侧盘与所述第一旋转要素之间的驱动传递以及驱动传递解除进行切换;以及第二离合器,其对所述输出侧盘与所述第三旋转要素之间的驱动传递以及驱动传递解除进行切换,所述驱动力不经由所述无级变速机构而始终经由所述输入轴输入到所述第二旋转要素,在所述规定的工作模式下,使所述第一离合器为驱动传递状态,使所述第二离合器为驱动传递解除状态。
根据该结构,通过控制第一以及第二离合器,能够向所述规定的工作模式转移。
并且,上述实施方式的车辆用无级变速器的特征在于,所述转速检测单元是对所述车辆用无级变速器的输出轴的转速进行检测的脉冲传感器,作为所述阈值的转速为0。
根据该结构,使用以往一般使用的磁拾取传感器等脉冲传感器,并且即使在极低车速的区域中也能够设定无级变速机构的速度比。
并且,上述实施方式的车辆用无级变速器的特征在于,所述车辆用无级变速器具有对车辆的行驶道路的坡度进行检测的坡度检测单元,所述行驶阻力运算单元至少运算出基于所述坡度检测单元的检测结果的坡度阻力作为所述行驶阻力。
根据该结构,通过包括坡度阻力而作为所述行驶阻力,能够提升车速的设定精度。
以上参照实施方式对本发明进行了说明,但是应该理解的是,本发明并不局限于上述公开的实施方式,本发明的保护范围取决于权利要求书所请求保护的范围,其包括所有这样的变形以及等同的结构和功能。

Claims (5)

1.一种车辆用无级变速器,能够在规定的工作模式下进行工作,其具有:
无级变速机构,来自车辆所具有的驱动源的驱动力被输入到该无级变速机构;以及
行星齿轮机构,其具有由太阳齿轮、齿圈以及行星架构成的多个旋转要素,
所述车辆用无级变速器的特征在于,
在所述规定的工作模式下,
所述驱动力经由所述无级变速机构而输入到所述多个旋转要素中的第一旋转要素,
所述驱动力不经由所述无级变速机构地输入到所述多个旋转要素中的第二旋转要素,
所述驱动力经由所述多个旋转要素中的第三旋转要素而被输出,
所述车辆用无级变速器还具有:
目标驱动力运算单元,其根据油门开度运算出所述车辆的目标驱动力;
行驶阻力运算单元,其运算出所述车辆的行驶阻力;
转速检测单元,其对所述车辆所具有的旋转部件的转速进行检测;
车速确定单元,其根据所述转速检测单元的检测结果来确定车速;以及
设定单元,其根据所述车速确定单元确定出的车速与所述驱动源的目标转速来设定所述无级变速机构的目标速度比,
在所述转速检测单元的检测结果超过阈值时,所述车速确定单元根据所述检测结果确定车速,
在所述转速检测单元的检测结果为阈值以下时,所述车速确定单元根据所述目标驱动力运算单元运算出的目标驱动力、所述行驶阻力运算单元运算出的行驶阻力以及所述车辆的车重来确定车速。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆用无级变速器,其特征在于,
所述无级变速机构是环型的无级变速机构,其具有:
输入侧盘,其与输入轴连结;
输出侧盘,其与所述输入轴同轴且旋转自如;以及
滚动体,其在所述输入侧盘与所述输出侧盘之间摩擦滚动,
在所述规定的工作模式下,
与所述无级变速机构的速度比对应地,所述车辆用无级变速器的输出轴的旋转能够隔着停止状态自如变换为正转以及反转。
3.根据权利要求2所述的车辆用无级变速器,其特征在于,
所述车辆用无级变速器具有:
第一离合器,其对所述输出侧盘与所述第一旋转要素之间的驱动传递以及驱动传递解除进行切换;以及
第二离合器,其对所述输出侧盘与所述第三旋转要素之间的驱动传递以及驱动传递解除进行切换,
所述驱动力不经由所述无级变速机构而始终经由所述输入轴输入到所述第二旋转要素,
在所述规定的工作模式下,使所述第一离合器为驱动传递状态,使所述第二离合器为驱动传递解除状态。
4.根据权利要求1所述的车辆用无级变速器,其特征在于,
所述转速检测单元是对所述车辆用无级变速器的输出轴的转速进行检测的脉冲传感器,
作为所述阈值的转速为0。
5.根据权利要求1所述的车辆用无级变速器,其特征在于,
所述车辆用无级变速器具有对车辆的行驶道路的坡度进行检测的坡度检测单元,
所述行驶阻力运算单元至少运算出基于所述坡度检测单元的检测结果的坡度阻力作为所述行驶阻力。
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