CN105248427A - Triazolone-containing pesticide composition for preventing and treating wheat gibberellic diseases and application thereof - Google Patents
Triazolone-containing pesticide composition for preventing and treating wheat gibberellic diseases and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a triazolone-containing pesticide composition for preventing and treating wheat gibberellic diseases. In each Mu, 1-100 parts of validamycin by weight and 1-80 parts of triazolone by weight are used. The pesticide composition provided by the invention has an obvious synergistic effect of preventing and treating the wheat gibberellic diseases, the effect of preventing and controlling the gibberellic diseases can be remarkably improved, and the capability of manually preventing and controlling the wheat crop gibberellic diseases is improved; the pollution level of grain DON toxins is remarkably reduced; the drug use amount is reduced, the cost is reduced, and the environmental pollution and pesticide residues are reduced; the drug resistance to the triazolone by wheat pathogenic fungi is delayed and the wheat gibberellic diseases are prevented and controlled; the lasting period of the validamycin is prolonged, the drug use frequency is reduced and the triazolone-containing pesticide composition can be used for treating wheat powdery mildew, rust diseases, leaf blight and banded sclerotial blight, and the manual cost of using pesticides is reduced; and the dosage of chemical pesticides is greatly reduced and the triazolone-containing pesticide composition is environmentally friendly.
Description
[technical field]
The invention belongs to technical field of pesticide.More specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of composition pesticide for preventing and treating gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley, also relating to a kind of disinfectant use in agriculture for preventing and treating gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley.
[background technology]
Wheat and barley is most important cereal raise crop in the world, is also one of staple food crop of China.Cereal usually face the threat of the fungal diseases such as head blight, powdery mildew, banded sclerotial blight, rust and leaf blight.In the world all can there are these diseases in cereal growing area, have a strong impact on the yield and quality of cereal agricultural product, especially destructive production loss can not only be caused by the microbial gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley of reaping hook, and also deoxynivalenol (Trichothecenes can be produced in the grain infected, and the toxin such as zearalenone (Zearalenon) DON), therefore the food qualities such as fermentation, wine brewing are had a strong impact on, the health of harm humans and animals.
Deoxynivalenol toxin, comprises DON, 3ADON and 15ADON toxin, all has acute and chronic toxicity to humans and animals.Wherein DON toxin is because of its stable chemical nature, is heated and does not decompose, and is infecting the Wheat And Barley of gibberellic hypha and processed food thereof and extensively existing in the animal product that is feed with the sick paddy infecting gibberellic hypha.Known DON toxin causes the cardinal symptom of person poultry poisoning to have Nausea and vomiting, dizzy, drowsiness, headache, brothers numb, malaise, immunity degradation, severe patient is breathed as seen, the fluctuation of pulse, body temperature, blood pressure, and hemorrhage, miscarriage, even cause death, and mankind's Kaschin-Beck disease (Kaschin-Beckdisease, KBD) can be caused and there is obvious embryotoxicity and teratogenesis, carcinogenesis.Because DON toxin is to the serious harm of human health, in October, 1973 the World Food Programme of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) hold in Geneva about in the joint conference of food additives and pollutant, determine fusarium toxin to be listed in the 5th in 16 problems of priority research, many countries also always using the control of head blight as important research topic.
Meanwhile, the health organization of many international organizations and country has formulated DON content of toxins in the strict limit food product of corresponding laws and regulations.FAO specifies that the content of DON in grain must be less than 1mg/kg, and WHO specifies that the DON content of toxins in Fodder and food respectively can not more than the standard of 1mg/kg and 5mg/kg.European Union's food security standard requires that DON content of toxins is no more than 0.75mg/kg in edible wheat, in bread and other food, be no more than 0.5mg/kg.The content of toxins of national Specification DON in edible wheat flour and corn that the Ministry of Public Health of China formulates must not more than 1mg/kg.
Gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley be one can by multiple sickle-like bacteria or the bud-rot claiming Fusariumsp (Fusariumspp.) cause, seedling is withered and fringe is rotten/the withered sac fungi disease of fringe.Its cause of disease comprises nearly 20 kinds such as Fusarium graminearum (F.graminearum), Asia sickle-like bacteria (F.asiaticum), fusarium culmorum (F.culmorum), fusarium avenaceum (F.avenaceum), fusarium moniliforme (F.moniliforme), Fusarium nivale (F.nivale).The wheat scab of China's most area is caused by Fusarium graminearum (F.graminearum) and Asia sickle-like bacteria (F.asiaticum) mixed population, wherein southern Mai Qu is based on Asia sickle-like bacteria, and northern Mai Qu is based on Fusarium graminearum.
Owing to not having cereal kind or the genetic resources that can find sickle-like bacteria to be had to immunity or high resistance so far, bactericide is used to become unique effective gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley Control Technology.Since the nearly century; people have carried out a large amount of bactericide R&D work for wheat class fungal disease; successively develop the protective fungicides such as inorganic fungicide, organosulfureous fungicide and aromatic hydrocarbons; the selectivity bactericide such as benzimidazole germicide, ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitor, cytochrome b inhibitor and the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors particularly developed after the sixties in 20th century; the popular harm of the important disease of many wheat crops is effectively controlled, as cereal smut, powdery mildew, rust, leaf blight, eye spot etc.But, deoxynivalenol (DON) toxin produced due to sickle-like bacteria (Fusariumspp.) has the function of virulence factor, increase the drug resistance effect to various sterilization agent, so that most bactericide is not very good to the control efficiency of gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley.Therefore, how effectively to control cereal head blight, be the great social demand of current Ensuring Food Safety and food security.
The DON endotoxin contamination level of cereal of falling ill depends on cereal infected pathogen bacterium amount and thalline toxin biosynthesis ability.The present invention is directed to the situation that major antibacterial agent preventive effect is not very good, DON endotoxin contamination often exceeds edible safety standard that Now Domestic prevents and treats gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley outward, there are two kinds of 'beta '-tubulin (β of benzimidazole germicide in research also Late Cambrian sickle-like bacteria
1-and β
2-) acceptor, and the hereditary negative regulation mechanism of the antagonism property of medicine and drug sensitivity, find wherein to form β
2240 amino acids phenyl alanines of-tubulin acceptor are the main causes reducing drug sensitivity, 167 amino acids point mutation can cause carbendazim to lose control efficiency, and significantly strengthen thalline DON toxin synthesis capability, mycelia rate of propagation and pathogenecity, reduce the control efficiency of bactericide; In addition, research also finds ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitor (EBI) acceptor-cytochrome P of sickle-like bacteria
450monooxygenase (Cyt.P
450), also can reduce the drug sensitivity of EBI by encoding gene process LAN and point mutation or develop immunity to drugs.Therefore, although although some bactericide show very high activity in laboratory, then need higher dosage at Field information, as every mu needs use 40 ~ 50 grams of (600-750ga.i./hm
2) benzimidazole germicide of above active ingredient or 15 ~ 20 grams of (225-300ga.i./hm
2) EBI of above active ingredient, the gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley control effects of about 70% could be obtained.
Along with the selectivity bactericide that long-term a large amount of these mechanisms of action of use are single, occurred pesticide resistance in natural disease fungus colony, result of use declines year by year.Inventor passes through the monitoring for resistance of nearly 30 years, find that East China has formed dominant group to the sickle-like bacteria that the benzimidazole germicides such as carbendazim develop immunity to drugs, the benzimidazole germicides such as conventional carbendazim, thiophanate substantially lose and are worth the control of gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley.Simultaneously also because the ability of pesticide resistance germ generation DON toxin is more than 5 times of sensitive strain, the harm of Chinese gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley and the risk of food security are day by day increased the weight of.Peasant, in order to reduce production loss, often doubles to use the bactericide such as carbendazim, exacerbates pesticide resistance, residue of pesticide, environmental pollution and food-safety problem further.
For this reason, the present inventor, on the basis of summing up prior art, by lot of experiments and analysis, completes the present invention finally.
[summary of the invention]
[technical problem that will solve]
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of composition pesticide for preventing and treating gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of for preventing and treating gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley, reducing the disinfectant use in agriculture of cereal DON endotoxin contamination.
[technical scheme]
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
The present invention relates to a kind of composition pesticide for preventing and treating gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley.
Described composition pesticide is made up of according to weight ratio 1 ~ 100:1 ~ 80 jinggangmeisu and triazolone.
A preferred embodiment of the invention, described composition pesticide is made up of according to weight ratio 15 ~ 75:12 ~ 65 jinggangmeisu and triazolone.
According to another kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, described composition pesticide is made up of according to weight ratio 25 ~ 55:25 ~ 50 jinggangmeisu and triazolone.
The invention still further relates to a kind of disinfectant use in agriculture for preventing and treating gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley.Described disinfectant use in agriculture contains the composition pesticide by weight described in 0.1 ~ 90.0%, and surplus is acceptable carrier and/or auxiliary agent in agricultural chemicals.
A preferred embodiment of the invention, described disinfectant use in agriculture contains the composition pesticide by weight described in 10 ~ 75%, and surplus is acceptable carrier and/or auxiliary agent in agricultural chemicals.
According to another kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, described disinfectant use in agriculture contains the composition pesticide by weight described in 26 ~ 58%, and surplus is acceptable carrier and/or auxiliary agent in agricultural chemicals.
According to another kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, described disinfectant use in agriculture is suspending agent, aqueous emulsion, microemulsion, wetting powder or water dispersion granule.
According to another kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, described carrier is that one or more are selected from water, attapulgite, kaolin or precipitated calcium carbonate.
According to another kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, described auxiliary agent is selected from ethanol, methyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, propane diols, NNO-1, NNO-7, xanthans, polyethylene glycol, glycerine, pulls open powder, lauryl sodium sulfate, neopelex, ammonium sulfate, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene, alkylphenol-polyethenoxy base ether phosphate, polyoxyethylene carboxylate, benzoic acid, sodium lignin sulfonate, carboxymethyl cellulose or polyvinyl alcohol.
According to another kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, described gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley is wheat scab and barley scab, and the wheat crops bud-rot caused by the Fusarium disease fungus (Fusariumspp.) comprising carbendazim resistance sickle-like bacteria, seedling is withered, fringe is rotten or withered fringe.
In more detail the present invention will be described below.
The present invention relates to a kind of composition pesticide for preventing and treating gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley.
Described composition pesticide is made up of according to weight ratio 1 ~ 100:1 ~ 80 jinggangmeisu and triazolone.
The triazolone used in the present invention, logical also known as hundred reasons, triadimefon, hundred bacterium ketone, triadimefon, its chemistry knot
Structure formula is as follows:
The triazole bactericidal agent that triazolone is a kind of efficient, low toxicity, low-residual containing suitable, transisomer, the lasting period is long, interior absorption is strong.Mainly by suppressing the biosynthesis of thalline ergosterol, thus suppress or disturb thalline appresorium and haustorium growth, mycelial growth and sporulation.This medicament can conduct in plant corpus, and the lasting period is long.At present this bactericide to various crop rust and powdery mildew, there is good prevention, root out, the effect such as treatment, also all have better effect to other fungal diseases such as Helminthosporium carbonum (Bipolariscarbonum), wheat class moire disease (Rhynchosporiumsecalis), wheat leaf blight (Septoriatritici), pineapple black rot (Thielaviopsisparadoxa), the maize head smut (Sphacelothecareiliana) etc. of various crop.But gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley (Fusariumspp.) is only had to the control efficiency of low middling, be generally used alone the harm of uncontrollable head blight.
The jinggangmeisu (valida) that the present invention uses, Validamycin or jinggangmycin, its chemical structural formula is as follows:
Jinggangmeisu is a kind of actinomycetic secondary metabolites, containing the similar GAG glycoside derivative of A, B, C, D, E, F six kinds.Large quantity research shows both at home and abroad, and component A is the main active component of jinggangmeisu.Therefore, the jinggangmeisu related in the present invention is jinggangmycin A.
Rhizoctonia fungi (Rhizoctoniaspp.) the top hyphal development of jinggangmeisu in vitro performance selectivity interference basidiomycetes.Therefore, jinggangmeisu is since 20 century 70s are found, prevent and treat as farm antibiotics the plant disease that rhizoctonia causes in specific manner always, or become with the pesticide processing of control other plant pest that built agent is double controls rhizoctonia (Rhizoctoniaspp.) disease.These rhizoctonia diseases mainly comprise rice sheath blight disease, wheat sharp eyespot and other crop banded sclerotial blight or damping off.In recent years, jinggangmeisu is found again to be used for prevent and treat the false smut that a kind of imperfect fungus (Ustilaginoideavirens) being difficult to cultivate causes.
Because valida or jinggangmeisu have specialization antibacterial activity in vitro lower performance to rhizoctonia; antibacterial activity is not had to causing the sickle-like bacteria of head blight; therefore; people are object with rhizoctonia always in decades; the selectivity mechanism of research jinggangmeisu, finds that there is Validamycin/jinggangmeisu chaff pyrenomycetes inositol and Trehalose Metabolism, thus destroys the structure of cell wall; stop rhizoctonia to infect plant, there is good protective effect.Recent decades, this antibiotic was limited to for control crops rhizoctonia disease always, especially rice sheath blight disease.
As everyone knows, act on single specialization bactericide and very easily filter out pesticide resistance pathogen, after extensive use, just can lose using value soon.The present inventor studies the resistance risk of rhizoctonia to selectivity jinggangmeisu from the eighties in 20th century, find that jinggangmeisu is different from resistance risk high other any selectivity antibiotic and chemical bactericide, under laboratory and field condition, all cannot screen jinggangmeisu resistance rhizoctonia.Inferring thus, except the known inositol of interference and trehalose biosynthesis, also may there is other special resistant effect mechanism in jinggangmeisu.
The present inventor, on the basis studying sickle-like bacteria DON toxin biosynthesis pathway and regulatory mechanism, has carried out the biosynthetic a large amount of screening compound of suppression DON toxin.In screening process, find that jinggangmeisu is under certain treatment dosage surprisingly, can biochemical reaction in the early stage approach of strong inhibition fusarium graminearum DON toxin biosynthesis.Therefore, a kind of jinggangmeisu and the triazolone composition for preventing and controlling gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley technology that reduce DON pollution are provided, become free-revving engine of the present invention.
The present inventor has carried out jinggangmeisu/valida in the world first and has suppressed sickle-like bacteria virulence factor DON synthesis, and screen at the synergistic formula of field control gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley with the mixture of other various bactericide, creatively find that jinggangmeisu and triazolone composition for preventing and controlling wheat crops head blight have remarkable synergy, reduce DON endotoxin contamination and significantly reduce the beneficial effect of triazolone consumption.
In composition pesticide of the present invention, if the amount of jinggangmeisu is within the scope of 1 ~ 100 weight portion, and when the amount of triazolone is less than 1 weight portion, then can reduce the control efficiency to head blight; When the amount of triazolone is greater than 80 weight portion, then can reduce synergistic effect, and there is the poisoning risk suppressing wheat growth.Therefore, the amount of triazolone is 1 ~ 80 weight portion is rational.
Similarly, if the amount of triazolone is within the scope of 1 ~ 80 weight portion, and when the amount of jinggangmeisu is less than 1 weight portion, then the synergistic effect of working in coordination with triazolone and preventing and treating head blight, reducing endotoxin contamination level can be lost; When the amount of jinggangmeisu is greater than 100 weight portion, then can increase cost, reduce and work in coordination with triazolone the synergistic effect preventing and treating head blight He reduce endotoxin contamination; Therefore, the amount of jinggangmeisu is 1 ~ 100 weight portion is appropriate.
Preferably, described composition pesticide is made up of according to weight ratio 15 ~ 75:12 ~ 65 jinggangmeisu and triazolone.
More preferably, described composition pesticide is made up of according to weight ratio 25 ~ 55:25 ~ 50 jinggangmeisu and triazolone.
The jinggangmeisu that the present invention uses and triazolone are all product solds in the market, such as by Qianjiang Biochemistry Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Prov. produce 3%, 5%A, 20%, 40%A, 60%A validamycin powder agent and aqua; The 8% triazolone suspension emulsion that 15% trazodone wettable powder produced by Kesheng Group Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Prov. and Shandong Dacheng Agrochemical Co., Ltd. produce.
The invention still further relates to a kind of agricultural bactericidal agent formulation for preventing and treating gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley.Described disinfectant use in agriculture contains the composition pesticide by weight described in 0.1 ~ 90.0%, and surplus is acceptable carrier and/or auxiliary agent in agricultural chemicals.
In the present invention, farm chemical carrier or auxiliary agent should be appreciated that it is for improving medicament physicochemical property in Pesticide formulation or use, improve drug effect, be convenient to the auxiliary substance transporting the performances such as storage, such as wetting agent, emulsifier, dispersant, sticker, stabilizing agent or synergist.According to the present invention, every have these performances and may be used to the present invention to disinfectant use in agriculture of the present invention without any the chemical substance of negative effect, and they are all within protection scope of the present invention.
The carrier that the present invention uses is such as that one or more are selected from water, attapulgite, kaolin or precipitated calcium carbonate.In addition, the present invention also can use other carrier normally used in the art meeting application claims.
The auxiliary agent that the present invention uses such as is selected from ethanol, methyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, propane diols, NNO-1 (chemical name: naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation product sodium salt), NNO-7 (chemical name: naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation product calcium salt), xanthans, polyethylene glycol, glycerine, pull open powder, lauryl sodium sulfate, neopelex, ammonium sulfate, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene, alkylphenol-polyethenoxy base ether phosphate, polyoxyethylene carboxylate, benzoic acid, sodium lignin sulfonate, carboxymethyl cellulose or polyvinyl alcohol.The auxiliary agent that the present invention uses is extensive product sold in the market, such as by Fei Huang Chemical Co., Ltd. of Xinyi City with trade name NNO-1, the diffusant that NNO-7 sells, pulled open the sodium butylnaphthalenesulfonate emulsification of powder sale with trade name by the emerging milky way Chemical Co., Ltd. in Hubei, diffusion and bleeding agent, the alkylphenol polyoxyethylene of being sold by the loyal Fine Chemical Co., Ltd in Shanghai, the alkylphenol-polyethenoxy base ether phosphate sold by Guangzhou Xi Lu Chemical Co., Ltd., the polyoxyethylene carboxylate sold by Liangshan, Shandong Province Hong Tai epoxidized soybean oil Co., Ltd, the carboxymethyl cellulose sold by Ma Shan auxiliary reagent factory, Pingxiang, Jiangxi Province.In addition, the present invention also can use other auxiliary agent normally used in the art meeting application claims.
In the present invention, in described disinfectant use in agriculture, when the amount of described composition pesticide is less than 0.1%, then can reduces protection effect or lose synergistic effect; When the amount of described composition pesticide is greater than 90.0%, then can loses synergistic effect or reduce protection effect; Therefore, the amount of described composition pesticide is 0.1 ~ 90.0% is rational.
Preferably, described disinfectant use in agriculture contains the composition pesticide by weight described in 10 ~ 75.0%, and surplus is acceptable carrier and/or auxiliary agent in agricultural chemicals.
More preferably, described disinfectant use in agriculture contains the composition pesticide by weight described in 26 ~ 58%, and surplus is acceptable carrier and/or auxiliary agent in agricultural chemicals.
In actual applications, bactericidal composition of the present invention and carrier and/or auxiliary agent can be mixed with in the formulation agriculturally usually adopted according to method well known to those skilled in the art, such as suspending agent, aqueous emulsion, microemulsion, wetting powder or water dispersible granules.
When preparing suspending agent, operable carrier or auxiliary agent are such as the dispersants being selected from alkylnaphthalene sulfonate, polycarboxylate or lignosulfonates; Be selected from the wetting agent of alkylphenol-polyethenoxy base ether phosphate, phenethyl phenol polyethenoxy base ether phosphate, alkyl sulfate, alkylsulfonate or naphthalene sulfonate; Be selected from xanthans, aluminium-magnesium silicate, bentonitic thickener; Be selected from the preservative of benzoic acid or Sodium Benzoate; Silicone based defoamer; Be selected from the antifreezing agent of glycerine, urea, ethylene glycol or propane diols.
When preparing aqueous emulsion, operable carrier or auxiliary agent are such as the emulsifier being selected from Nongru-700, agriculture breast 2201, Span-60 or emulsifier T-60; Be selected from the solvent of dimethylbenzene, toluene or cyclohexanone; Be selected from the stabilizing agent of triphenyl phosphite or epoxychloropropane; Be selected from the antifreezing agent of ethylene glycol, propane diols, glycerine or urea; Be selected from the thickener of aluminium-magnesium silicate, bentonite or xanthans; Be selected from the preservative of benzoic acid or Sodium Benzoate.
When preparing microemulsion, operable carrier or auxiliary agent are such as the emulsifier being selected from calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (agriculture breast 500), Nongru-700, agriculture breast 2201, this dish-60, Tween-80 or TX-10; Be selected from the cosolvent of methyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butanol or ethanol; Be selected from the solvent of dimethylbenzene, toluene, cyclohexanone or 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE; Be selected from the stabilizing agent of triphenyl phosphite or epoxychloropropane.
When preparing wetting powder, operable carrier or auxiliary agent are such as the dispersants being selected from polycarboxylate, lignosulfonates or alkylnaphthalene sulfonate; Be selected from the wetting agent of alkylsulfonate, alkyl sulfate or naphthalene sulfonate; Be selected from the filler of precipitated calcium carbonate, talcum powder, diatomite, kaolin or attapulgite.
When preparing water dispersible granules, operable carrier or auxiliary agent are such as the dispersants being selected from polycarboxylate, lignosulfonates or alkylnaphthalene sulfonate; Be selected from the wetting agent of alkyl sulfate, polyoxyethylene alcohol, alkylsulfonate or naphthalene sulfonate; Be selected from the disintegrant of citric acid, ammonium sulfate, glucose, urea or sodium bicarbonate; Be selected from corn starch, microcrystalline cellulose class or Diatomite binder; Be selected from precipitated calcium carbonate, sepiolite, diatomite, kaolin, attapulgite or talcous filler.
Below by its result of study that is described in detail respectively.
I, the reactive compound screening suppressing sickle-like bacteria to grow
The present invention adopts the conventional method of fungicide bioassay, jinggangmeisu and the former medicine of triazolone are mixed with 2mg/mL mother liquor with aqua sterilisa and methyl alcohol respectively, contrast medicament carbendazim active compound is dissolved in 0.1M/L hydrochloric acid solution, 2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate is dissolved in methyl alcohol, makes 2mg/mL mother liquor.When potato dextrose agar (PDA) is cooled to temperature about 45 DEG C, add jinggangmeisu and triazolone respectively to design concentration (see table 1), then the flat board that different agents process made by culture dish is poured into, often process 3 wares to repeat, inoculation causes the mycelia block of the common Fusarium graminearum Fusariumgraminearum of gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley and the wild sensitive strain of Asia sickle-like bacteria Fusariumasiaticum (being called for short sensitive strain) and carbendazim and 2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate resistant strain (abbreviation drug-fast strain), cultivate 4 days at temperature 25 DEG C, right-angled intersection method measures colony diameter, calculate the effectively middle dosage (EC that different disposal suppresses pathogen growth 50%
50value), and compare antibacterial activity.
Result of the test shows, no matter jinggangmeisu is that the growth of single dose or these the two kinds of sickle-like bacteria sensitive strains and drug-fast strain to causing head blight mixed with triazolone does not have inhibit activities substantially under in vitro, when only having jinggangmeisu up to 50 μ g/mL concentration, two kinds of sickle-like bacteria growths are just had to the inhibitory action of 6.5% ~ 7.8%.But triazolone has similar certain inhibitory action to the sensitive strain of two kinds of sickle-like bacteria and the mycelial growth of drug-fast strain, 12.5 μ g/mL triazolone process can more than 50% to the inhibiting rate of mycelial growth.Jinggangmeisu suppresses mycelial growth not have synergistic effect (table 1) in vitro to triazolone.
According to Asia sickle-like bacteria and the wild sensitive strain of Fusarium graminearum and carbendazim and the growth inhibition ratio of 2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate resistant strain under the process of triazolone various dose, calculate the effectively middle dosage (EC that triazolone suppresses different drug sensitivity strain growth
50), found that sensitive strain, carbendazim resistance bacterial strain, 2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate resistant strain are to the sensitivity similar of triazolone, EC
50be 11.3 ~ 12.0 μ g/mL, result of the test is listed in table 2.
Table 1: the impact that jinggangmeisu and triazolone in vitro grow two kinds of sickle-like bacteria sensitive strains
* F.g and F.a is the abbreviation of Fusariumgraminearum and Fusariumasiaticum respectively, lower same.
Table 2: the growth inhibitory activity of triazolone and carbendazim and 2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate resistant strain responsive to two kinds of sickle-like bacteria
II. jinggangmeisu is to the inhibit activities of fusarium toxin biosynthesis ability
Because Fusarium graminearum is identical with the drug sensitivity of triazolone to jinggangmeisu with Asia sickle-like bacteria, the material that inventor selects toxin synthesis capability (unit bacterium amount synthesis DON weight, μ gDON/g dry weight mycelia) stronger Asia sickle-like bacteria Fusariumasiaticum to synthesize as further research toxin.By causing the carbendazim resistance Asia sickle-like bacteria of gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley to be inoculated in 3% sweet mung bean soup of sterilizing, shake training 10 days under scattered light, collected by centrifugation conidium temperature 25 DEG C and 12/24 hour.By conidium by being finally 10
6/ mL is inoculated in potato sucrose (PS) culture fluid containing jinggangmeisu various dose and shakes training temperature 25 DEG C and 12/24 hour under scattered light, after 7 and 14 days, filter culture, detect the content of toxins in culture fluid respectively and measure dry mycelial weight, analyzing toxin synthesis capability (the toxin amount that unit weight mycelia produces).
Toxin determination method: culturing filtrate extracts 2 times with ethyl acetate equal-volume respectively, vacuum distillation drying after combining extraction liquid, with the solution transfer of 1mL acetonitrile to new centrifuge tube, redistillation is dry, and-20 DEG C of preservations are to be measured.100 μ LTMS derivatization reagents (TMSI:TMCS=100:1) are added during detection, 1mL ultra-pure water is added after mixing 10min, after concussion layering, Aspirate supernatant is added to GC sample injection bottle, carries out content of toxins detection by the gas-chromatography (GC-ECD) that electron capture monitor is housed.With the DON reagent of Sigma for standard specimen, Criterion curve, calculates the DON content in culture fluid, comprises DON, 3ADON and 15ADON.Mycelia will be leached dry to constant weight at 80 DEG C simultaneously, weigh dry mycelial weight.In addition, the expression that mycelia detects toxin synthesis key gene Tri5 is got when shaking training 7 days.
From experimental result (table 3), find that the mycelium morphology factor of gibberellic hypha extends along with incubation time and increases, but in the medium containing the process of various dose jinggangmeisu, shake training, mycelium morphology factor and blank do not have marked change.Illustrate that the growth of jinggangmeisu to the gibberellic hypha of liquid culture does not have inhibitory action, consistent with the linear growth rate measurement result on PDA flat board.But the amount (μ gDON/g dry weight mycelia) of Late Cambrian unit mycelia weight synthesis DON toxin then increases with jinggangmeisu treatment dosage and significantly reduces.And jinggangmeisu extends with incubation time the inhibitory action that DON synthesizes and declines, especially low concentration process fall is larger.Illustrate that jinggangmeisu may be degraded along with the prolongation of test period, thus reduce the biosynthetic inhibitory action of contratoxin.
According to toxin synthetic gene expression horizontal analysis during process 7 days, although creatively find that jinggangmeisu does not have harmful effect in vitro to the growth of sickle-like bacteria and hypha form, but can express by strong inhibition DON toxin synthesis key gene tri5 under very reduction process dosage, reduce thalline toxin biosynthesis ability, reduce DON biosynthesis, its result of the test is listed in table 4.
Table 3: jinggangmeisu suppresses the effect of sickle-like bacteria DON toxin synthesis capability
Table 4: jinggangmeisu is on the impact of sickle-like bacteria DON synthetic gene Tri5 gene expression
III. triazolone suppresses the synergistic effect of sickle-like bacteria DON toxin biosynthesis ability to jinggangmeisu
Triazolone process can destroy the cell leakage of gibberellic hypha, suppresses mycelial growth.When triazolone and validamycin composition process, germ absorbing jinggangmeisu can be increased.Research contents II mensuration jinggangmeisu suppresses sickle-like bacteria DON toxin biosynthetic while, determine jinggangmeisu when existence 12 μ g/mL triazolone, inhibitory action to the DON toxin biosynthesis ability of Fusariumasiaticum when cultivating 7 days and 14 days, analyzes triazolone and suppresses the biosynthetic synergistic effect of DON toxin to jinggangmeisu.DON detection method is identical with research contents II.
From research contents I and II, known 12 μ g/ml triazolones process separately, have the inhibiting rate close to 50% to the mycelial growth of gibberellic hypha.As can be seen from Table 5,12 μ g/ml triazolone process 7 days and 14 days time significant inhibitory action is not had to the biosynthesis ability of fusarium toxin and the toxin synthesis capability of blank, illustrate that triazolone only has mycelial growth inhibit activities, there is no the inhibitory action of toxin synthesis capability.But each concentration for the treatment of of jinggangmeisu, when existence 12 μ g/ml triazolone, increases substantially the inhibitory action of DON toxin biosynthesis ability.And extend along with incubation time, the inhibitory action decrease speed of jinggangmeisu contratoxin synthesis capability significantly lower than the control treatment not having triazolone, especially to the synergy of low concentration jinggangmeisu process and to extend action time more obvious.Based on table 3 result of testing simultaneously, calculate under there is triazolone 12 μ g/mL dose profile, suppress the biosynthetic synergistic effect of fusarium toxin to when jinggangmeisu process 7 days and 14 days, the results are shown in Table 5.These results illustrate: (1) jinggangmeisu has the strong effect reducing sickle-like bacteria DON toxin biosynthesis ability, and triazolone does not then have this effect; (2) triazolone suppresses fusarium toxin biosynthesis to have obvious synergistic effect to jinggangmeisu, and reduces with jinggangmeisu treatment dosage, and synergistic effect strengthens; (3) triazolone can extend the inhibitory action time that jinggangmeisu synthesizes fusarium toxin, and synergistic effect strengthens with process time lengthening.
Table 5:12 μ g/mL triazolone suppresses the synergistic effect of fusarium graminearum DON toxin synthesis to jinggangmeisu
* coefficient of synergism computational methods: when there is 12 μ g/ml triazolone, the inhibiting rate of jinggangmeisu contratoxin synthesis processes separately toxin synthesis inhibiting rate (table 3) of corresponding dosage divided by jinggangmeisu, be multiplied by 100.
IV. jinggangmeisu and triazolone composition suspending agent seed treatment prevent and treat effect and the synergistic effect of Wheat Seedling head blight and other diseases
According to weight ratio 100:1,100:3,20:1,10:1,10:3,2:1,1:1,1:3,1:5 and 1:10 of jinggangmeisu and triazolone, prepare the composition suspending agent sample that content is 3% (1:10,1:5), 10% (1:3,1:1,2:1,10:3,10:1), 30% (20:1,100:3,100:1) respectively.Sample preparation methods is that the former medicine of triazolone and jinggangmeisu mixes according to above-mentioned weight ratio, add in the solution containing 40% water, 8% ethylene glycol and mixed with propylene glycol solvent (volume ratio 1:1) by weight, 1.0%NNO-1 and 1.5%NNO-7 dispersant (production of Fei Huang Chemical Co., Ltd. of Xinyi City), 0.5% xanthans sticker and 1% polyethylene glycol, finally be supplemented to 100% with water, be crushed to pharmacy particle Zhi Jing≤5 μm of 90% through sand mill.
By the single dose consumption in every 100kg seed treatment mixture, the jinggangmeisu of design corresponding dosage and triazolone single dose consumption (see table 6), infect the wheat seed of fusarium graminearum by sample to Dressing after water dilution by 100 kilograms of seeds liquid 5 liters prior to seeding respectively.25 seeds sowed by every diameter 20cm basin alms bowl, and each process repetition 10 basin, is placed in hot-house culture.Emerge and check emergence rates and death rate in latter 10 days, calculate and bud-rot and the withered control efficiency of seedling are caused to gibberellic hypha.Retain 10 consistent young plants of growing way simultaneously, and inoculation contains the wheat bran medium of rhizoctonia cerealis (Rhizoctoniacerealis) in matrix, with to blade inoculation Powdery Mildew and leaf rust spore, inoculate latter 14 days and respectively process investigation 100 strain wheat seeding, calculate the strain incidence of disease and the control efficiency of banded sclerotial blight, powdery mildew and rust.Simultaneously according to single dose to the microbial bud-rot of head blight and the withered preventive effect of seedling, by theoretical preventive effect (E=X+ (100-X) Y/100 of Abbott (1925) method calculation composition, wherein E is theoretical preventive effect, X is jinggangmeisu single dose preventive effect, Y is triazolone single dose preventive effect) and coefficient of synergism (the actual preventive effect of composition application is divided by theoretical preventive effect × 100), it the results are shown in Table 6.
Table 6: jinggangmeisu and triazolone composition suspending agent seed treatment prevent and treat effect and the synergistic effect of wheat diseases
* Abbott thinks that the actual preventive effect of composition and the ratio of theoretical preventive effect were greater than for 1 (or coefficient of synergism is greater than 100) and are synergy (lower with) (Abbott, 1925).
Above-mentioned result of the test shows, jinggangmeisu and triazolone composition Dressing suffer from the wheat seed of head blight, not only effectively can prevent and treat the microbial bud-rot of head blight and seedling withered, and in the scope of test dose process (10 ~ 1000gai jinggangmeisu and 10 ~ 100gai triazolone/100kg seed) all to preventing and treating, the microbial seedling of head blight is withered fabulous synergistic effect, coefficient of synergism is far longer than 100, and synergistic effect is very remarkable.Although jinggangmeisu single dose has certain preventive effect to banded sclerotial blight, to powdery mildew and rust substantially invalid; Triazolone single dose then to seedling stage powdery mildew and rust there is favorable effect, but medium preventive effect is only had to head blight and banded sclerotial blight.But triazolone is mixed with jinggangmeisu, obvious synergistic effect is all showed to the preventive effect of above-mentioned disease.
V. jinggangmeisu and triazolone composition suspending agent are prevented and treated the synergistic effect of wheat scab and are reduced detoxifying function
According to weight ratio 1:20,1:3,1:1.5,1:1,2:1,5:1 and 10:1 of jinggangmeisu and triazolone, prepare the composition suspending agent experiment sample of content 20% (1:20,1:3,1:1.5,1:1) and 40% (2:1,5:1,10:1) by weight respectively.Sample preparation methods is that the former medicine of triazolone and jinggangmeisu is according to after above-mentioned weight ratio mixing, add in the solution containing 5% ethylene glycol and mixed with propylene glycol solvent (volume ratio 1:1), 2% glycerine, 1.0%NNO-1,1.5%NNO-7 dispersant, 3% lauryl sodium sulfate and a small amount of water by weight, finally be supplemented to 100% with water, be crushed to pharmacy particle Zhi Jing≤5 μm of 90% through sand mill.
Design the various dose that every mu uses jinggangmeisu and triazolone composition, devise corresponding single dose process according to the single dose consumption used in mixture simultaneously.In April, 2013 carries out the experiment sieving of field control head blight on farm, lake, Baima, Jiangsu Province, and wheat breed is Huaihe River wheat 22, sprays process at wheat flowering initial stage each medicament sample to water, and interval sprays second time medicine for 5 days, every mu of injection flow rate 50 kilograms.Each process repetition 3 communities, every plot area 50 square metres.Establish 50% carbendazol wettable powder every mu of use 80 grams to process medicament in contrast simultaneously.The correlation method that the bactericide field control effectiveness test criterion professional standard issued according to the Ministry of Agriculture specifies, in milk ripe stage investigation wheat scab, a situation arises, prevents and treats the actual effect of head blight, the synergistic effect of calculation composition according to each process.(the same by Abbott, 1925) theoretical preventive effect (E=X+ (100-X) Y/100 of method calculation composition, wherein E is theoretical preventive effect, X is jinggangmeisu single dose preventive effect, and Y is triazolone single dose preventive effect) and coefficient of synergism (the actual preventive effect of composition application is divided by theoretical preventive effect × 100).
Toxin determination method: respectively process 5 sampling 200 wheat heads in ripening stage, indoor threshing, after drying, random sampling 30 grams of wheats are pulverized.By Goswami and Kistler method, get 5 grams of flour and be placed in centrifuge tube, add the acetonitrile of 20mL: water (84:16) extract, after scroll machine mixing, shaking table shakes 24 hours, the centrifugal 10min of 5000rpm, gets dry-20 DEG C of preservations of supernatant 2mL N air-blowing in Eppendorf centrifuge tube.100 μ LTMS derivatization reagents (TMSI:TMCS=100:1) are added during detection, 1mL ultra-pure water is added after mixing 10min, after concussion layering, Aspirate supernatant is added to GC sample injection bottle, carries out content of toxins detection by the gas-chromatography (GC-ECD) that electron capture monitor is housed.
Wheat infection dosage assay method: take and be placed in 50mL centrifuge tube in the flour 2g of Mycotoxin identification, add 20%CTAB germ DNA extraction buffer, add 50 μ L Proteinase Ks and 30 μ LRNA enzymes again, abundant mixing, 65 DEG C of hatchings are after 3 hours, the centrifugal 10min of 10000rpm, 20mL supernatant all goes in 50mL centrifuge tube, add equal-volume phenol again: chloroform: isoamyl alcohol (25:24:1) concuss, the centrifugal 5min of 10000rpmL, gets the 3molL that supernatant 10mL adds 1/10 cold volume
-1sodium acetate and the absolute ethyl alcohol of 2 times of volumes ,-20 DEG C of precipitations 24 hours, the ethanol elution of the centrifugal 10min of 10000rpm, sediment 20mL70% 2 times, adds 500 μ LTE solubilize after drying, preserve these DNA profilings for-20 DEG C.Synthesize key gene Tri5 according to DON and design primer, adopt the DNA in real-time quantitative PCR amplification sample, and calculating Tri5DNA content in every gram of wheat samples (μ gDNA/g wheat), calculation composition respectively processes the inhibitory action to thalline toxin synthesis capability.The results are shown in Table 7.
Table 7: jinggangmeisu and triazolone composition suspending agent are prevented and treated the synergistic effect of wheat scab and reduced the effect of DON endotoxin contamination
The present invention prevents and treats the composition synergistic effect Field Screening of gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley and result of the test shows, jinggangmeisu and triazolone composition sprayed to the pustulation period at the wheat flowering initial stage, when every mu uses the mixture of jinggangmeisu active ingredient 2 ~ 100g and triazolone active ingredient 5 ~ 40 grams, not only all to the control of head blight, there is remarkable synergistic effect (coefficient of synergism is greater than 100).And after jinggangmeisu and triazolone composition apply, to the DON pollution level reducing cereal, there is remarkable synergistic effect, DON content more than 85% can be reduced, endotoxin contamination level is controlled the level of security below 1mgDON/kg cereal.Also again show the germ quantitative analysis results infecting wheat, jinggangmeisu has suppression thalline toxin synthesis capability, and triazolone does not then have this effect simultaneously.Although carbendazim processes separately preventive effect head blight being had to 67.5%, sitotoxin pollution level still has 4.4mg/kg cereal, only declines 58.5% than blank.
VI. jinggangmeisu and triazolone composition suspending agent are prevented and treated the synergistic effect of wheat scab and are reduced detoxifying function
The present invention adopts the test specimen preparation method of invention development test IV and V, devises the treatment dosage using composition further, devises single dose process according to the consumption of jinggangmeisu in composition and triazolone simultaneously.Field trial was carried out in 2013 on Xin Yang farm, Jiangsu.Spray process at No. 22 wheat flowering initial stages of Huaihe River wheat to water, interval sprays second time medicine for 5 days, every mu of injection flow rate 50 kilograms.Each process repetition 3 times, every plot area 50 square metres.Establish 50% carbendazim suspending agent every mu 80mL chemicals treatment in contrast simultaneously.According to the correlation method that the Ministry of Agriculture specifies about bactericide field control effectiveness test criterion professional standard, in milk ripe stage investigation wheat scab, powdery mildew, rust and leaf blight, a situation arises, calculate disease index, control efficiency and above-mentioned Abbott (the same, 1925) method calculates the synergistic effect to head blight control, toxins checking method is identical with the method for above-mentioned research V, (the results are shown in Table 8).
Table 8: jinggangmeisu and triazolone composition suspending agent are prevented and treated wheat diseases and reduced the effect that sitotoxin pollutes
Above-mentioned mixture Field information result shows, jinggangmeisu and triazolone composition suspending agent prevent and treat wheat scab every mu jinggangmeisu 1 ~ 100 gram of active ingredient, triazolone every mu use 5 ~ 35 grams of active ingredients are not only to wheat scab, leaf blight, powdery mildew and rust have fabulous control efficiency, be much better than conventional carbendazim (experimental field drug-fast germ is showed to carbendazim in pathogenic bacterium colony after testing and account for 37.7%), and to comprising the microbial head blight of pesticide resistance head blight, there is extremely significant synergy preventive and therapeutic effect, its result and the same year similar in the field test results on farm, lake, Baima.Wherein not only little with the preventive effect difference of more high dose by jinggangmeisu 5 ~ 50 grams, the triazolone effect of 10 ~ 30 grams with every mu, DON endotoxin contamination can be controlled within safe range, and dosage is few, cost is low, is beneficial to environmental protection, and benefit is better.It should be noted that the cereal thousand kernel weight of all bactericide process is all apparently higher than contrast especially, especially jinggangmeisu and triazolone compositions-treated, thousand kernel weight increases by more than 9.2%, and production-increasing function is more remarkable.
VII. jinggangmeisu and triazolone composite wettable powder are prevented and treated the synergistic effect of barley scab and are reduced the effect of endotoxin contamination
According to jinggangmeisu and triazolone composition suspending agent in field control head blight and the double good result controlling other diseases, the present invention devises the deal ratio being beneficial to decrement and using agricultural chemicals and reduce costs, and has prepared the composite wettable powder of jinggangmeisu and triazolone different content.Its preparation method is: after mixing according to the former medicine weight ratio of triazolone and jinggangmeisu, add 30% attapulgite carrier, 1.0%NNO-1 dispersant, 3% by weight and pull open powder wetting agent, 2% neopelex surfactant, last packing precipitated calcium carbonate to 100%, pulverizes through sand mill and crosses 300 mesh sieves.Prepare jinggangmeisu and triazolone composite wettable powder sample that content is 20% (1:10,1:6,1:3,1:1.5,1:1) and 60% (5:1,10:3,10:1) respectively.
By every mu with the single dose consumption in composition, design the single dose process of jinggangmeisu and triazolone and conventional many ketone wetting powder contrast medication simultaneously.Within 2014, spray process at the barley flowering initial stage to water, interval sprays second time medicine for 5 days, every mu of injection flow rate 50 kilograms.Each process repetition 3 times, every plot area 50 square metres.According to the correlation method of bactericide field control effectiveness test principle states, in milk ripe stage investigation barley scab, powdery mildew, rust and leaf blight, a situation arises, calculates disease index and and control efficiency.Simultaneously by research contents VAbbott (1925) method, calculate the synergistic effect of mixture control barley scab.Ripening stage, often processes at 5 and gets each 150 fringes of the wheat head at random, takes back indoor threshing, detects and calculate wheat content of toxins by the method for research contents V.The impact of chemicals treatment dosage, preventive effect and synergistic effect and contratoxin content is in table 9.
Table 9: jinggangmeisu and triazolone composite wettable powder prevent and treat the effect of barley diseases
Composition Field information shows, the process of triazolone single dose all has favorable effect to barley scab, leaf blight, powdery mildew and rust, and jinggangmeisu single dose is except having except lower preventive effect to head blight, substantially do not have effect to other diseases.But, when with composition containing jinggangmeisu 3 ~ 50gai and triazolone 5 ~ 30gai, increase substantially the preventive effect of head blight, leaf blight, powdery mildew and rust, control efficiency reaches more than 80% ~ 90%, be better than the effect of the conventional many ketone of medicament of contrast, synergistic effect is remarkable.Especially with every mu with jinggangmeisu active ingredient 3 ~ 50 grams, triazolone with 5 ~ 30 grams, significantly can reduce the consumption of triazolone chemical bactericide, alleviate the environmental pressure of agricultural chemicals, reduce the endotoxin contamination of wheat.
VIII. jinggangmeisu and trazodone wettable powder bucket mix the effect of preventing and treating wheat diseases and reducing endotoxin contamination
20% trazodone wettable powder adopting Zhejiang Tonglu Huifeng Bio-Chemical Co., Ltd. 64% jinggangmycin A soluble powder commercially and entrust Nanjing south agriculture agricultural chemicals development in science and technology Co., Ltd to process.Experimentally the jinggangmeisu wanted of design and triazolone use active ingredient dosage, take two kinds of medicaments respectively, first a kind of medicament are added another kind of medicament again to after the dilution of half water, stir, then add second half water, spraying after mixing.Spray first time medicine at the wheat flowering initial stage, interval sprays second time medicine for 5 days, every mu of injection flow rate 50 kilograms.Test and carry out on Xin Yang farm, Jiangsu Province in April, 2014, wheat breed Huaihe River wheat 33, each process repetition 3 times, every plot area 50 square metres.If many ketone suspending agent is contrast chemicals treatment.According to the correlation method of bactericide field control effectiveness test principle states, in milk ripe stage investigation wheat scab, powdery mildew, rust and leaf blight, a situation arises, calculates disease index and and control efficiency.Synergistic effect and Mycotoxin identification identical with above-mentioned research, treatment dosage and preventive effect are in table 10.
Table 10: jinggangmeisu and trazodone wettable powder bucket mix the effect of preventing and treating wheat diseases
Above-mentioned result of study shows, spray after jinggangmeisu single dose and the triazolone single dose interim bucket when applying is mixed, every mu of effect of preventing and treating head blight with each process of jinggangmeisu 3 ~ 100 grams of active ingredients, triazolone every mu use 5 ~ 30 grams of active ingredients is suitable with the effect of mixture on Wheat And Barley be prepared into, and to wheat scab, powdery mildew, rust and leaf blight, also there is obvious synergistic function, control efficiency is better than many ketone.Particularly wheat scab is had significant synergies, and similar with other sample results, show within the scope of test dose, reduce with triazolone dosage and synergistic effect strengthens.Wherein, every mu use jinggangmeisu 3 ~ 50 grams and triazolone 5 ~ 15 grams of active ingredients prevent and treat head blight and double control leaf blight, powdery mildew, rust effect can reach more than 80%, and remarkable reduction DON endotoxin contamination.
In a word, gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley described is in the present invention wheat scab and barley scab, and the wheat crops bud-rot caused by the Fusarium disease fungus (Fusariumspp.) comprising carbendazim resistance sickle-like bacteria, seedling is withered, fringe is rotten or withered fringe.
Above-mentioned result of study shows, every mu uses the composition containing 1 ~ 100 gram of jinggangmeisu and 5 ~ 40 grams of triazolone active ingredients, before Wheat Sowing, seed treatment (dressing or seed dressing) is prevented and treated gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley and is had remarkable synergistic effect, simultaneously also doublely controls powdery mildew of wheat and barley, rust and banded sclerotial blight; To the pustulation period, water is sprayed in wheat heading, flowering, not only to the control of Wheat And Barley head blight, there is synergistic effect, but also there is reduction DON endotoxin contamination level, increase thousand kernel weight and the double effect controlling powdery mildew, rust and leaf blight.
[beneficial effect]
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: compared with conventional sterilization agent, microbicide compositions of the present invention has the following advantages: 1, compared with application single dose, said composition has obvious synergistic effect for preventing and treating gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley, the effect of preventing and treating head blight can be significantly improved, improve the ability of mankind's prevention and control wheat crops head blight; 2, the pollution level of cereal DON toxin can significantly be reduced; 3, dosage can be reduced, reduce costs, reduce environmental pollution and residue of pesticide; 4, reduce bactericide Selective Pressure, the pesticide resistance of Wheat Pathogenic Fungi to triazolone can be delayed, and the gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley that carbendazim is developed immunity to drugs can be prevented and treated; 5, have extend jinggangmeisu lasting period, reduce times for spraying, doublely control powdery mildew of wheat and barley, rust, leaf blight and banded sclerotial blight, reduce the advantage of the recruitment cost of Pesticide use; 6, jinggangmeisu is the non-pollution microbial source pesticide that selectivity is strong, mixed with triazolone, considerably reduces the using dosage of chemical pesticide, environmentally friendly.
[embodiment]
The present invention can be understood better by following embodiment.
Embodiment 1:42% jinggangmeisu and triazolone composition suspending agent are prevented and treated wheat diseases and are tested
Test period and place: in April, 2015, Xin Yang farm, Jiangsu
Test material: wheat, kind: Huaihe River wheat No. 33.
Test method:
Sample preparation methods: triazolone mixes according to weight ratio 1:20,1:6,5:16,5:2 and 6:1 with the former medicine of jinggangmeisu, then according to the research V method that present specification describes, processing obtains the composition suspending agent test specimen of 42% different ratio.Every mu uses 25 milliliters, 50 milliliters, 100 milliliters composite preparations.The wheat flowering initial stage is watered and sprays, and interval sprays second time medicine for 5 days, every mu of injection flow rate 50 kilograms.The corresponding dosage and the spray clear water that use wetting powder single dose are contrast simultaneously, and carbendazim is medicament in contrast, each process repetition 2 times, every plot area 100 square metres.
According to the correlation method of bactericide field control effectiveness test principle states, under in milk ripe stage investigation wheat scab, powdery mildew, rust and leaf blight, a situation arises, calculate disease index and and control efficiency and to the synergistic effect of head blight and the effect of contratoxin Environmental capacity, the results are shown in Table 11 for it.
Table 11:42% jinggangmeisu and triazolone composition suspending agent prevent and treat the effect of wheat diseases
Above-mentioned Field information result shows, uses 3 ~ 36g jinggangmeisu and 6 ~ 32 grams of triazolones to have good wheat diseases control efficiency.The coefficient of synergism preventing and treating head blight is all greater than 100, and synergistic effect is remarkable.But, when every mu of application 5 ~ 30 grams of jinggangmeisus and 9 ~ 30 grams of triazolones, significantly reduce endotoxin contamination level, synergistic effect is very obvious, prevent and treat the effect of head blight all more than 80%, and effectively doublely can control wheat powdery mildew, rust and leaf blight, attenuating effects is also extremely remarkable.
Embodiment 2:64% jinggangmeisu and triazolone composite wettable powder prevent and treat the effect of wheat diseases
Test period and place: in April, 2015, the Along The Yangtze River In Jiangsu Province institute of agricultural sciences (Rugao)
Test material: wheat.Kind: raise wheat No. 4.
Test method: mix according to the former medicine weight ratio 1:1 of triazolone and jinggangmeisu, the method for the research VII described according to present specification prepares 64% wetting powder test specimen.Every mu of composite wettable powder using jinggangmeisu and triazolone active constituent content 4 ~ 20 grams respectively.Spray water raising No. 4 wheat flowering initial stages of wheat, interval sprays second time medicine for 5 days, every mu of injection flow rate 45 kilograms.The dosage of 20% single dose wetting powder in used in combination and spray clear water is used to be contrast, if the wetting powder of ketone more than 50% 60 grams/acre is contrast medicament.Each process repetition 3 times, every plot area 50 square metres.According to the correlation method of bactericide field control effectiveness test principle states, in milk ripe stage investigation wheat scab, powdery mildew, rust and leaf blight, a situation arises, calculates disease index and and control efficiency.The results are shown in Table 12.
Table 12:64% jinggangmeisu and triazolone composite wettable powder prevent and treat the effect of wheat diseases
Above-mentioned Field information result shows, every mu uses each 4 ~ 20 grams of the composition effective content of jinggangmeisu and triazolone 1:1 deal ratio all to have good control efficiency to wheat scab, leaf blight, powdery mildew and rust, but to use jinggangmeisu and each 8 ~ 20 grams of active ingredient best results of triazolone.Compositions-treated significantly can increase thousand kernel weight, and production-increasing function is obvious.
Embodiment 3:20% jinggangmeisu and triazolone composite wettable powder are prevented and treated wheat diseases and are reduced the effect of endotoxin contamination
Test period and place: in April, 2015, the Along The Yangtze River In Jiangsu Province institute of agricultural sciences (Rugao), test arrangement is in the identical field of example 2.
Test material: wheat.Kind: raise wheat No. 4.
Test method: after mixing according to the former medicine weight ratio 1:1 of triazolone and jinggangmeisu, add 10% kaolin support, 2% sodium lignin sulfonate auxiliary agent, 2% carboxymethyl cellulose, 1% alkylphenol-polyethenoxy base ether phosphate and 2% polyvinyl alcohol by weight, finally add precipitated calcium carbonate carrier to 100%, pulverize through sand mill and cross 300 mesh sieves.Prepare the composite wettable powder experiment sample that content is 20%.Every mu of composite wettable powder using jinggangmeisu and triazolone active ingredient total content 20,15,6 grams respectively.Spray water raising No. 4 wheat flowering initial stages of wheat, interval sprays second time medicine for 5 days, every mu of injection flow rate 45 kilograms.The dosage of 20% single dose wetting powder in used in combination and spray clear water is used to be contrast, if the wetting powder of ketone more than 50% 60 grams/acre is contrast medicament.Each process repetition 3 times, every plot area 50 square metres.According to the correlation method of bactericide field control effectiveness test principle states, in milk ripe stage investigation wheat scab, powdery mildew, rust and leaf blight, a situation arises, calculates disease index and and control efficiency.Result of the test is listed in table 13.
Table 13:20% jinggangmeisu and triazolone composite wettable powder prevent and treat the effect of wheat diseases
Above-mentioned result of the test shows, synergistic effect and the production-increasing function of jinggangmeisu and triazolone composition for preventing and controlling head blight are remarkable.This effect is relevant with using dosage, and does not have significance relation with the content of process preparation and auxiliary agent.
Embodiment 4:30% jinggangmeisu and triazolone composition water dispersible granules are prevented and treated wheat diseases and are reduced the effect of endotoxin contamination
Test period and place: in April, 2015, farm, lake, Baima, Jiangsu
Test material: wheat.Kind: magnificent wheat No. 4.
Test method: process the composition water dispersible granules obtaining 30% according to jinggangmeisu and triazolone weight ratio 5:1.Its processing method is as follows: 39.1 weight portion 64% jinggangmeisus (active ingredient 25 parts), the former medicine of 5.32 weight portion 94% triazolone (active ingredient 5 parts), 30 parts sulfuric acid ammoniums, 17.2 weight portion precipitated calcium carbonates, 2.5 parts of alkylphenol polyoxyethylene, 2.5 parts of neopelexes and 3.5 parts of polyoxyethylene carboxylates, pulverize, to sieve, granulation.
Every mu of use 400,200,100,60 grams of composite preparations, sprayed water at the wheat flowering initial stage, and interval sprays second time medicine for 5 days, every mu of injection flow rate 50 kilograms.20% single dose wetting powder 100 grams/acre and spray clear water is used to be contrast, each process repetition 3 times, every plot area 50 square metres.According to the correlation method of bactericide field control effectiveness test principle states, in milk ripe stage investigation wheat scab, powdery mildew, rust and leaf blight, a situation arises, calculates disease index and and control efficiency.Result of the test is listed in table 14.
Table 14:30% jinggangmeisu and triazolone composition water dispersible granules prevent and treat the effect of wheat diseases
Above-mentioned Field information effect shows, every mu sprays by 30 ~ 120 grams of total active ingredients of the composition water dispersible granules of 5 parts of jinggangmeisus and 1 part of triazolone, good control efficiency is all had to wheat scab, powdery mildew, rust and leaf blight, especially, when spraying the total active ingredient of composition 60 ~ 120 grams for every mu, cost performance is best.
Embodiment 5:25% jinggangmeisu and triazolone composition aqueous emulsion prevent and treat the effect of wheat diseases
Test period and place: in April, 2015, farm, lake, Baima, Jiangsu
Test material: wheat.Kind: magnificent wheat No. 4.
Test method: 25% composition method for producing aqueous emulsion is as follows: former medicine triazolone is made suspending agent, adds ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymer nonionic emulsifier and stirs into homogeneous oil phase; In addition the jinggangmeisu aqueous solution, ethylene glycol antifreeze and 1% benzoic acid are mixed into aqueous phase.Under high velocity agitation described aqueous phase is progressively added in above-mentioned oil phase, prepare the oil-in-water type aqueous emulsion of 25% jinggangmeisu and triazolone 1:1.5.
Every mu, by composition aqueous emulsion 200,100,50 ml of formulation, sprays water at the wheat flowering initial stage, and interval sprays second time medicine for 5 days, every mu of injection flow rate 50 kilograms.20% single dose wetting powder 100 grams/acre and spray clear water is used to be contrast, each process repetition 3 times, every plot area 50 square metres.According to the correlation method of bactericide field control effectiveness test principle states, in milk ripe stage investigation wheat scab, powdery mildew, rust and leaf blight, a situation arises, calculates disease index and and control efficiency.Result of the test is listed in table 15.
Table 15:32% jinggangmeisu and triazolone composition aqueous emulsion prevent and treat the effect of wheat diseases
Above-mentioned Field information result shows, every mu uses jinggangmeisu and the total active ingredient of triazolone composition 12.5 ~ 50 grams all to have better control efficiency to wheat scab, powdery mildew, rust and leaf blight, and every mu uses the total active ingredient of composition 12.5 ~ 25 grams of cost performances best.
Embodiment 6:45% jinggangmeisu and triazolone composite wettable powder are prevented and treated wheat diseases and are reduced the effect of endotoxin contamination
Test period and place: in April, 2015, the Along The Yangtze River In Jiangsu Province institute of agricultural sciences (Rugao)
Test material: wheat.Kind: raise wheat No. 4.
Test method: the method for research VII described according to present specification prepares the 45% wetting powder test specimen that jinggangmeisu and triazolone weight ratio are 2:1, and the institute of agricultural sciences of trust the area along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province carries out field trial.Every mu uses 150,100,50 and 30 grams of composite wettable powder preparations respectively.Spray water at the wheat flowering initial stage, interval sprays second time medicine for 5 days, every mu of injection flow rate 50 kilograms.Adopt 20% jinggangmeisu and triazolone single dose wetting powder, compare chemicals treatment by the single dose used in mixture and 40 grams of carbendazim active ingredients, and to spray clear water be blank, each process repetition 3 times, every plot area 50 square metres.According to the correlation method of bactericide field control effectiveness test principle states, milk ripe stage investigation wheat scab and powdery mildew a situation arises, calculate disease index and and control efficiency.
Respectively process 5 samplings totally 200 fringes during results, after threshing, sent by sample Agricultural University Of Nanjing to detect content of toxins.Toxins checking method is described above.Result of the test is listed in table 16.
Table 16:45% jinggangmeisu and triazolone composite wettable powder prevent and treat the effect of wheat diseases
As can be seen from the experimental result of above-mentioned Field information embodiment 1 ~ 6, the biosynthetic effect of gibberellic hypha virulence factor DON toxin can be suppressed based on discovery jinggangmeisu, adopt jinggangmeisu and triazolone compositions-treated wheat seeds and spray in field, to the control of wheat scab, there is significant synergistic function.Meanwhile, desirable control efficiency is also had to wheat crops powdery mildew, rust, leaf blight and banded sclerotial blight.In addition, the jinggangmeisu that inventor adopts some of them to combine and triazolone composition have carried out 3 years experiment and demonstrations on the Along The Yangtze River In Jiangsu Province institute of agricultural sciences, Xin Yang farm, Jiangsu and farm, lake, Baima and other places, all show and had fine preventive effect to Wheat And Barley head blight, and effectively doublely controlled powdery mildew, leaf blight and rust.The present invention not only solves fusarium graminearum that China faces at present is difficult to prevention and control great difficult problem because of carbendazim resistance, and can overcome the food-safety problem that DON endotoxin contamination wheat causes.Compared with bactericide conventional in prior art, jinggangmeisu of the present invention and triazolone composition, greatly can reduce sickle-like bacteria DON toxin to the pollution of cereal, also because have synergistic function, can significantly reduce chemical pesticide consumption and drug cost, for minimizing environmental pollution, improvement pesticide resistance wheat class fungal disease, ensuring food safety has good application prospect.
Claims (10)
1., for preventing and treating a composition pesticide for gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley, it is characterized in that described composition pesticide is made up of according to weight ratio 1 ~ 100:1 ~ 80 jinggangmeisu and triazolone.
2. composition pesticide according to claim 1, is characterized in that described composition pesticide is made up of according to weight ratio 15 ~ 75:12 ~ 65 jinggangmeisu and triazolone.
3. composition pesticide according to claim 1, is characterized in that described composition pesticide is made up of according to weight ratio 25 ~ 55:25 ~ 50 jinggangmeisu and triazolone.
4., for preventing and treating a disinfectant use in agriculture for gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley, it is characterized in that it contains the composition pesticide in 0.1 ~ 90.0% claim 1-3 by weight described in arbitrary claim, surplus is acceptable carrier and/or auxiliary agent in agricultural chemicals.
5. disinfectant use in agriculture according to claim 4, it is characterized in that it contains the composition pesticide in 10 ~ 75% claim 1-3 by weight described in arbitrary claim, surplus is acceptable carrier and/or auxiliary agent in agricultural chemicals.
6. disinfectant use in agriculture according to claim 4, it is characterized in that it contains the composition pesticide in 26 ~ 58% claim 1-3 by weight described in arbitrary claim, surplus is acceptable carrier and/or auxiliary agent in agricultural chemicals.
7. the disinfectant use in agriculture any one of claim 4-6 described in claim, is characterized in that it is suspending agent, aqueous emulsion, microemulsion, wetting powder or water dispersion granule.
8. the disinfectant use in agriculture any one of claim 4-7 described in claim, is characterized in that described carrier is that one or more are selected from water, attapulgite, kaolin or precipitated calcium carbonate.
9. the disinfectant use in agriculture any one of claim 4-8 described in claim, is characterized in that described auxiliary agent is selected from ethanol, methyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, propane diols, NNO-1, NNO-7, xanthans, polyethylene glycol, glycerine, pulls open powder, lauryl sodium sulfate, neopelex, ammonium sulfate, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene, alkylphenol-polyethenoxy base ether phosphate, polyoxyethylene carboxylate, benzoic acid, sodium lignin sulfonate, carboxymethyl cellulose or polyvinyl alcohol.
10. composition pesticide according to claim 1 or disinfectant use in agriculture according to claim 4, it is characterized in that described gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley is wheat scab and barley scab, the wheat crops bud-rot caused by the Fusarium disease fungus (Fusariumspp.) comprising carbendazim resistance sickle-like bacteria, seedling is withered, fringe is rotten or withered fringe.
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| WO2017193433A1 (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2017-11-16 | 南京农业大学 | Bactericidal composition comprising validamycin and ipconazole and use thereof |
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| JP2010006746A (en) * | 2008-06-27 | 2010-01-14 | Mitsui Chemicals Agro Inc | Plant disease controlling composition and method of controlling plant disease by applying the same |
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| JP2010006746A (en) * | 2008-06-27 | 2010-01-14 | Mitsui Chemicals Agro Inc | Plant disease controlling composition and method of controlling plant disease by applying the same |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2017193433A1 (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2017-11-16 | 南京农业大学 | Bactericidal composition comprising validamycin and ipconazole and use thereof |
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