CN105230476A - Breeding method for male sterile hybrid of low-nicotine burley tobacco - Google Patents
Breeding method for male sterile hybrid of low-nicotine burley tobacco Download PDFInfo
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- CN105230476A CN105230476A CN201510724396.9A CN201510724396A CN105230476A CN 105230476 A CN105230476 A CN 105230476A CN 201510724396 A CN201510724396 A CN 201510724396A CN 105230476 A CN105230476 A CN 105230476A
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Abstract
The invention provides a breeding method for a male sterile hybrid of low-nicotine burley tobacco, belonging to the technical field of utilization of heterosis in tobacco. The breeding method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: with a male sterile variety with good production quality and low content of nicotine as a female parent, and a variety with strong disease resistance and low or moderate content of nicotine as a male parent, combining a hybrid combination, and subjecting the hybrid combination to multi-year multi-point identification so as to breed the male sterile hybrid of the low-nicotine burley tobacco with good economic characters, excellent quality, black shank and TMV resistance, and strong adaptability. The method has short breeding period, greatly reduces workload of breeding, can significantly reduce the content of nicotine, can guarantee production quality and resistance of varieties, achieves production requirements of good agricultural yield and strong resistance, and can meet needs of industrial high quality and low-harm tobacco raw materials.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of cultivating burley tobaccos low nicotine crossbreed, belong to tobacco hybrid use of advantage technical field.
Background technology
Tobacco is one of important economic crops of China, and burley tobaccos are kinds for tobacco, have certain cultivated area in China.Nicotine is the important chemical composition in tobacco, produce one of nuisance qualitative factor after result of combustion of tobacco, reducing nicotine content in tobacco leaf is reduce result of combustion of tobacco produces health hazard risk effective means to human body, and low nicotine tobacco leaf is the important leverage of less harmful tobacco leaf and less harmful tobacco product.The measure reducing nicotine is taked mainly to concentrate in culture technique at present, comprise and control amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, adjustment tobacco leaf structure, postpone that cigarette strain is pinched, harvest in advance, use the medicament etc. reducing tobacco leaf nicotine, these modes can reduce the content of tobacco leaf nicotine to a certain extent, but still there is the problem affecting tobacco leaf total quality, reduce tobacco leaf gross yield or increase production cost.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the defect existed for prior art, propose a kind of selection of low nicotine burley tobaccos sterile hybrid, cultivation age limit is short, greatly reduces breeding work amount, significantly can reduce nicotine content, can take into account yield and quality and the resistance of kind.
For reaching above-mentioned target, the present invention carries out according to following steps:
1) with MSBurley21 or MSKentucky14 for female parent, kind A can be educated for male parent with the burley tobaccos routine that nicotine content is low, hybridize, obtain male sterile F
1generation, then with kind A for recurrent parent is to this F
1carry out roguing continuously to backcross, through backcrossing, in 8 generations, obtained male sterile line MSA, this male sterile line except stamen degenerate completely, 100% sterile except, other proterties and kind A completely the same;
2) with step 1) the low nicotine male sterile line MSA that cultivates is for maternal, and can educate kind B for male parent with the burley tobaccos routine that anti-balck shank and TMV, nicotine content are low or medium, preparing hybrid combines;
3) to step 2) in the hybrid combination that the obtains nicotine content that carries out multiple years measure and the qualification of output, quality, disease resistance and adaptability, finally cultivate better, best in quality, the anti-balck shank of economic characters and TMV, adaptable low nicotine crossbreed.
Step 1) described in nicotine content is low refers to middle leaf nicotine content≤3.50% after tobacco air-curing, upper leaf nicotine content≤4.50%; Step 2) described in nicotine content low or mediumly refer to middle leaf nicotine content≤3.50% after tobacco air-curing, upper leaf nicotine content≤5.50%.Step 3) described in economic characters better refer to yield of tobacco 2400-2600kg/hm
2, good smoke rate>=25.0%; Describedly best in qualityly refer to that in tobacco leaf presentation quality, Maturity of Tobacco Leaf is good, color is based on pale red palm fibre, and blade construction loosens, and identity is moderate, blade face exhibition, and gloss is bright, and color intensity is medium; More than tobacco leaf sensory evaluating smoking quality scale is medium or medium.
Step 1) described in the low burley tobaccos routine of nicotine content can educate kind A and go out through evaluation and screening for many years from existing burley tobaccos kind, there is following features: middle leaf nicotine content≤3.50% after tobacco air-curing, upper leaf nicotine content≤4.50%, output 2400-2600kg/hm
2, good smoke rate>=25.0%, sense balck shank and TMV.
Step 2) described in the low or medium burley tobaccos routine of nicotine content can educate kind B and go out through evaluation and screening for many years from existing burley tobaccos kind, there is following features: middle leaf nicotine content≤3.50% after tobacco air-curing, upper leaf nicotine content≤5.50%, output 2000-2500kg/hm
2, good smoke rate>=20.0%, anti-balck shank and TMV.
Step 3) crossbreed that selects has following features: stamen is degenerated sterile completely, middle leaf nicotine content≤3.50% after tobacco air-curing, upper leaf nicotine content≤4.50%, output 2400-2600kg/hm
2, good smoke rate>=25.0%, Maturity of Tobacco Leaf is good, color based on pale red palm fibre, blade construction loosen, identity is moderate, blade face exhibition, and gloss is bright, and color intensity is medium, more than tobacco leaf sensory evaluating smoking quality scale is medium or medium, anti-balck shank and TMV, strong adaptability.
Step 1) described in the low burley tobaccos routine of nicotine content can educate kind A and comprise that Kentucky8959, PMRBurley21, Virginia1019, Hubei Province are white 002, Burley67.
Step 2) described in the low or medium burley tobaccos routine of nicotine content can educate kind B and comprise Virginia528, Kentucky907, Burley27, Tennessee97, build and select No. 3, build and select No. 304.
Beneficial effect
The shortening the breeding cycle that the kind that the present invention is bred as is larger and minimizing seed selection workload, the male sterile kind of high-quality, low evil and output and resistance can be taken into account, both met that farm output is good, the production requirement of resistance, industrial high-quality, less harmful tobacco material demand can have been met again.The crossbreed selected has following features: stamen is degenerated sterile completely, middle leaf nicotine content≤3.50% after tobacco air-curing, upper leaf nicotine content≤4.50%, output 24002600kg/hm
2, good smoke rate >25.0%, in tobacco leaf presentation quality, Maturity of Tobacco Leaf is good, color is based on pale red palm fibre, and blade construction loosens, and identity is moderate, blade face exhibition, gloss is bright, and color intensity is medium, more than tobacco leaf sensory evaluating smoking quality scale is medium or medium, anti-balck shank and TMV, strong adaptability.
Embodiment
The technical program is further illustrated below with specific embodiment.Step is as follows:
1) existing burley tobaccos kind is planted in tobacco research institute of Hubei Province experiment field, proving ground of bestowing favour, according to Enshi State of Hubei Province local tobacco leaf standard species implant model, each kind plants 200 strains, distance between rows and hills is 120cm × 45cm, filter out that yield and quality is better, nicotine content is low, the burley tobaccos conventional variety Kentucky8959 of sense balck shank and TMV and anti-balck shank and in anti-TMV, nicotine content is medium, yield and quality is medium burley tobaccos conventional variety Virginia528;
2) take MSBurley21 as female parent, conventional variety Kentucky8959 can be educated for male parent with the burley tobaccos that nicotine content is low, hybridize, obtain male sterile F
1then generation is that recurrent parent is to this F with Kentucky8959
1carry out roguing continuously to backcross, through backcrossing, in 8 generations, obtained male sterile line MSKentucky8959, this male sterile line except stamen degenerate completely, 100% sterile except, other proterties and Kentucky8959 completely the same;
3) with step 2) gained low nicotine male sterile line MSKentucky8959 is maternal, kind Virginia528 can be educated for male parent with the burley tobaccos routine that anti-balck shank and TMV, nicotine content are medium, preparing hybrid combines, obtain hybrid combination (MSKentucky8959 × Virginia528), numbering 2406.
4) step 3 is planted) gained hybrid combination 2406, at amount of nitrogen 225kg/hm
2cultivation condition under, its nicotine content, economic characters, resistance, quality of tobacco etc. are identified, qualification performance in table 1.
As can be seen from Table 1, it is 3.37% that institute's combo closes 2406 middle leaf nicotine contents, comparatively burley tobaccos general planting kind E'yan 1 middle leaf nicotine content is low by 12.7%, 2406 upper leaf nicotine contents are 4.07%, comparatively E'yan 1 upper leaf nicotine content is low by 14.0%, 2406 nicotine content of tobacco leaves all lower than male parent Virginia528 higher than maternal MSKentucky8959.2406 output are 2437.5kg/hm
2, a little higher than E'yan 1, between parent.2406 good smoke rates are 25.4%, a little less than E'yan 1, between parent.
Carried out varietal yield test to by 2406 after combination qualification in 2007, within 2008,2009, carry out Hubei Province's regional test, within 2010,2011, carry out the national burley tobaccos regional experiment of variety of 6 pilots, within 2007 to 2011, multispots trial the results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 result shows, 2406 average upper leaf nicotine contents are 3.94%, and middle leaf nicotine content is 3.43%, and nicotine content of tobacco leaves is lower than general planting kind E'yan 1, and nicotine content of tobacco leaves belongs to reduced levels.2406 average upper leaf NNK content are lower than E'yan 1 by 59.14%, and middle leaf is lower than E'yan 1 by 17.43%.2406 output average out to 2566.72kg/hm
2, a little more than E'yan 1.2406 average good smoke rates are 39.4%, a little less than E'yan 1.2406 black shank fastness are anti-anti-in being, resistance is slightly better than E'yan 1.
Table 1: male sterile hybrid combination 2406 appraisal table
Table 2: male sterile hybrid combination 2406 production test information slip
Through Zhengzhou tobacco research institute, presentation quality qualification result shows: 2406 upper leaf maturity are good, color is pale red palm fibre, pale red Huang, wherein pale red palm fibre is slightly many, blade construction is for loosening to still loose, identity is moderate in slightly thick, blade face exhibition to slightly wrinkling, gloss bright in, to light in color intensity, 2406 middle leaf maturity are good, and color is mostly pale red Huang extremely pale red palm fibre, and blade construction is loose, identity is moderate in slightly thin, blade face exhibition to slightly wrinkling, gloss bright in, color intensity light in, 2406 former cigarette presentation qualities are good, suitable with check variety E'yan 1.
In Anhui, cigarette company technique center former cigarette sensory evaluating smoking result shows: 2406 sensory evaluating smoking's harmonies are good, style characteristic is remarkable, and be specially style and features comparatively obvious, fragrance richness is better, concentration strength eurythmy, slightly, strength is slightly large, and concentration is better for assorted gas, excitant is medium, dry sensation is low, and sophistication is better, and pleasant impression is cleaner.2406 upper leaf quality scales medium on the upper side, middle leaf quality scale is medium.2406 overall objective scores in sensory evaluating smoking are higher than E'yan 1, and wherein middle leaf is specifically marked in table 3.
Tobacco leaf former cigarette sensory evaluating smoking result table in the middle part of table 3:2406
2406 were evaluated in 2013 by countries tobacco kind agricultural, within 2015, passed through countries tobacco variety certification, called after Hubei Province cigarette 213.
Burley cv. HubeiT 213 principal character characteristic:
Hubei Province cigarette 213 is with male sterile line MSKentucky8959 for female parent, and Virginia528 is that male parent is carried out hybridization assembly seed selection and formed.Its strain formula turriform, loosely, cauline leaf angle is comparatively large for strain shape, and leaf long oval, blade tip is gradually sharp, and leaf look yellowish green, and inflorescence is intensive, and pattern is pink.Plant height 131.8cm after on average pinching, stem girth 10.9cm, pitch 5.0cm, leave number 25.8, leaves number 23.1, the long 77.3cm of middle leaf, wide 36.1cm, growing stage 95.6 days, field growing way is strong, stabilization characteristics of genetics, colony's neat and consistent, strong stress resistance, layering maturation falls Huang.Output 2566.7kg/hm
2, upper medium grade cigarette ratio 78.23%, integral economic trait is good.Former cigarette presentation quality is good, and intrinsic chemical component content is suitable and harmony is good, and sensory evaluating smoking's quality is better, and former cigarette nicotine, NNK content are lower.In resist to anti-balck shank, anti-TMV, middle sense is to feeling root knot nematode disease, and feel paramount sense rust, comprehensive resistance against diseases is slightly better than E'yan a kind.
Above-mentioned enforcement is only preferred mode of the present invention, and the equivalent replacement that all employing the present patent application the scope of the claims do or impartial change should belong to covering scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a selection for low nicotine burley tobaccos sterile hybrid, is characterized in that, concrete steps are as follows:
1) with MSBurley21 or MSKentucky14 for female parent, kind A can be educated for male parent with the burley tobaccos routine that nicotine content is low, hybridize, obtain male sterile F
1generation, then with kind A for recurrent parent is to this F
1carry out roguing continuously to backcross, through backcrossing, in 8 generations, obtained male sterile line MSA, this male sterile line except stamen degenerate completely, 100% sterile except, other proterties and kind A completely the same;
2) with step 1) the low nicotine male sterile line MSA that cultivates is for maternal, and can educate kind B for male parent with the burley tobaccos routine that anti-balck shank and TMV, nicotine content are low or medium, preparing hybrid combines;
3) to step 2) in the nicotine content of hybrid combination that obtains measure, and output, quality, disease resistance and adaptability qualification, cultivates anti-balck shank and TMV, adaptable low nicotine crossbreed.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN108834883A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2018-11-20 | 四川省烟草公司达州市公司 | A method of it is not pinched eggplant clothing tobacco using male sterile line cultivation cigar |
| US10405571B2 (en) | 2015-06-26 | 2019-09-10 | Altria Client Services Llc | Compositions and methods for producing tobacco plants and products having altered alkaloid levels |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10405571B2 (en) | 2015-06-26 | 2019-09-10 | Altria Client Services Llc | Compositions and methods for producing tobacco plants and products having altered alkaloid levels |
| CN108834883A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2018-11-20 | 四川省烟草公司达州市公司 | A method of it is not pinched eggplant clothing tobacco using male sterile line cultivation cigar |
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